IFX1021SJ Data Sheet (1.3 MB, EN)

IFX1021SJ
LIN Transceiver
Data Sheet
Rev. 1.0, 2011-09-20
Standard Power
IFX1021SJ
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
1
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2
Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3
3.1
3.2
Pin Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Pin Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Pin Definitions and Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4
4.1
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Operating Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Normal Operation Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Normal Slope Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Flash Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Stand-By Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Sleep Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Wake-Up Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Bus Wake-Up via LIN bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Local Wake-Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Mode Transition via EN pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
TxD Time Out function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Over Temperature protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.3 V and 5 V Logic Capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
BUS Short to GND Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
LIN Specifications 1.2, 1.3, 2.0 and 2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
General Product Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Functional Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thermal Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
6.1
6.2
Electrical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Functional Device Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
7
7.1
7.2
7.3
Application Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Master Termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
External Capacitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Application Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
Package Outlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
9
Revision History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Data Sheet
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18
18
25
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Rev. 1.0, 2011-09-20
LIN Transceiver
1
IFX1021SJ
Overview
Features
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Single-wire transceiver
Transmission rate up to 20 kBaud
Compliant to LIN specification 1.3, 2.0 and 2.1
Very high ESD robustness of 6 kV (HBM)
Optimized for low electromagnetic emission (EME)
Optimized for high immunity against electromagnetic interference (EMI)
Very low current consumption in sleep mode with Wake-Up functions
Wake-Up source detection
Very low leakage current on the BUS output
Digital I/O levels compatible for 3.3 V and 5 V microcontrollers
Bus short to VS protection and Bus short to GND handling
Over temperature protection and Under voltage detection
Flash mode
Green Product (RoHS compliant)
PG-DSO-8
For automotive applications please refer to the Infineon TLE- series of transceiver products.
Description
The IFX1021SJ is a transceiver for the Local Interconnect Network (LIN) with integrated Wake-Up and protection
features. It is designed for data transmission rates from 2.4 kBaud to 20 kBaud. The IFX1021SJ serves as a bus
driver between the protocol controller and the physical bus inside the LIN network. The IFX1021SJ is compliant to
all LIN standards and offers a wide operational supply range up to 40V.
Different operation modes and the INH output allow the IFX1021SJ to control external components like e.g.
voltage regulators. In Sleep-mode the IFX1021SJ draws less than 8 μA of quiescent current while still being
capable of “wake up” by LIN bus traffic and a local Wake-Up input. The very low leakage current on the BUS pin
makes the IFX1021SJ especially suitable for partially supplied networks and supports the low quiescent current
requirements of the LIN network.
The IFX1021SJ provides excellent ESD Robustness combined with a very high electromagnetic immunity (EMI)
and it reaches a very low level of electromagnetic emission (EME) within a broad frequency range.It is moreover
tailored to withstand harsh operating conditions.
Type
Package
Marking
IFX1021SJ
PG-DSO-8
1021SJ
Data Sheet
3
Rev. 1.0, 2011-09-20
IFX1021SJ
Block Diagram
2
Block Diagram
VS
8
7
Supply
Output
Stage
RBUS
Bus
6
Driver
INH
5V
2
Mode
Control
Temp.Protection
Current
Limit
EN
REN
TxD Input
4
Timeout
Receiver
TxD
RTD
1
RxD
Filter
Wake and Bus
Comparator
WK
3
Figure 1
Data Sheet
5
GND
Filter
Block Diagram
4
Rev. 1.0, 2011-09-20
IFX1021SJ
Pin Configuration
3
Pin Configuration
3.1
Pin Assignment
RxD
1
8
INH
EN
2
7
VS
WK
3
6
BUS
TxD
4
5
GND
Figure 2
Pin Configuration IFX1021SJ
3.2
Pin Definitions and Functions
Pin
Symbol
Function
1
RxD
Receive data output;
External Pull Up necessary
LOW in dominant state, active LOW after a Wake-Up event at BUS or WK pin
2
EN
Enable input;
integrated pull-down, device set to normal operation mode when HIGH
3
WK
Wake input;
active LOW, negative edge triggered, internal pull-up
4
TxD
Transmit data input;
integrated pull-down, LOW in dominant state; active LOW after Wake-Up via WK pin
5
GND
Ground
6
BUS
Bus input / output;
LIN bus line input / output
LOW in dominant state
Internal termination and pull-up current source
Data Sheet
5
Rev. 1.0, 2011-09-20
IFX1021SJ
Pin Configuration
Pin
Symbol
Function
7
VS
Supply input (e.g. battery, ACDC, DCDC, etc)
8
INH
Inhibit output;
VS related output
HIGH (VS) in Normal and Stand-By operation mode
can be used to control an external voltage regulator
can be used to control external bus termination resistor when the device will be used
as Master node. For further details please see also “BUS Short to GND Feature”
on Page 15
Data Sheet
6
Rev. 1.0, 2011-09-20
IFX1021SJ
Functional Description
4
Functional Description
The LIN Bus is a bi-directional single wire bus. The LIN Transceiver IFX1021SJ is the interface between the
microcontroller and the physical LIN Bus (see Figure 14 and Figure 15). The logical values of the microcontroller
are driven to the LIN bus via the TxD input of the IFX1021SJ. The transmit data stream on the TxD input is
converted to a LIN bus signal with optimized slew rate to minimize the EME level of the LIN network. The RxD
output reads back the information from the LIN bus to the microcontroller. The receiver has an integrated filter
network to suppress noise on the LIN Bus and to increase the EMI (Electro Magnetic Immunity) level of the
transceiver.
Two logical states are possible on the LIN bus according to the LIN Specification 2.1 (see Figure 3):
In dominant state, the voltage on the LIN bus is set to the GND level. In recessive state, the voltage on the LIN
bus is set to the supply voltage VS. By setting the TxD input of the IFX1021SJ to “Low” the transceiver generates
a dominant level on the BUS interface pin. The RxD output reads back the signal on the LIN bus and indicates a
dominant LIN bus signal with a logical “Low” to the microcontroller. Setting the TxD pin to “High” the transceiver
IFX1021SJ sets the LIN interface pin BUS to the recessive level, at the same time the recessive level on the LIN
bus is indicated by a logical “High” on the RxD output.
Every LIN network consists of a master node and one or more slave nodes. To configure the IFX1021SJ for master
node applications, a resistor in the range of 1 kΩ and a reverse diode must be connected between the LIN bus
and the power supply VS or the INH pin of the IFX1021SJ (see Figure 14 and Figure 15).
VIO
Recessive
Dominant
Recessive
TxD
t
VS
Recessive
Dominant
Recessive
BUS
t
VIO
Recessive
Dominant
Recessive
RxD
t
Figure 3
Data Sheet
LIN bus signals
7
Rev. 1.0, 2011-09-20
IFX1021SJ
Functional Description
4.1
Operating Modes
Start-Up
Power-Up
Note 1:
TxD:
TxD:
Note 2:
RxD:
Strong Pull Down > 1.5 mA
after Wake-Up via pin WK
Weak Pull Down 350 kΩ
after Power-Up and
Wake-Up via BUS
RxD:
Stand-By Mode
logical „High“
after Power-Up
logical „Low“
after Wake-Up via BUS
or after Wake-Up via pin WK
A external Pull-Up resistor to the external
microcontroller supply is required for the Wake-Up or
Power-Up indication
INH = HIGH
TxD (see Note 1)
RxD (see Note 2)
EN
Go To Normal
Operation Mode
EN High
Normal Operation Mode
Normal Slope Mode
Flash Mode
EN
INH = HIGH
EN = HIGH
TxD
EN
INH = HIGH
EN = HIGH
EN
Go To
Sleep Mode
EN Low
Sleep Mode
1)
INH = Float
EN = LOW
RxD = HIGH1)
EN
Wake-Up
via
via
Figure 4
Data Sheet
RxD is „High“ due to the external pullup resistor
on pin Wk
on pin BUS
Operation Mode State Diagram
8
Rev. 1.0, 2011-09-20
IFX1021SJ
Functional Description
The IFX1021SJ has 3 major operation modes:
•
•
•
Stand-By mode
Normal Operation mode
Sleep mode
The Normal Operation mode contains 2 sub-operation modes, which differentiate by the slew rate control of the
LIN Bus signal (see Figure 4).
Sub-operation modes with different slew rates on the BUS pin:
•
•
Normal Slope mode, for data transmission rates up to 20 kBaud
Flash mode, for programming of the external microcontroller
The operation mode of the IFX1021SJ is selected by the EN pin. (see Figure 4).
Table 1
Operating modes
Mode
EN
INH
Sleep
Low
Stand-By
TxD
RxD
LIN Bus
Comments
Termination
Floating Low
High1)
High
Impedance
No wake-up request detected
Low
High
Low
High2)
Low
High 1)
30 kΩ
(typical)
RxD “Low” after local Wake-Up (pin WK) or bus
Wake-Up (pin BUS)
RxD “High“ after Power-Up
TxD strong pull down after local Wake-Up (WK
pin)2)
TxD weak pull down after bus Wake-Up (pin BUS)
or Power-Up2)
Normal
High
Operation
High
Low
High
Low
High
30 kΩ
(typical)
RxD reflects the signal on the BUS
TxD driven by the microcontroller
1) A pull-up resistor to the external microcontroller supply is required.
2) The TxD input needs an external termination to indicate a “High” or a “Low” signal. The external termination could be a pullup resistor or an active microcontroller output.
4.2
Normal Operation Mode
The IFX1021SJ enters the Normal Operation mode after the microcontroller sets EN to “High” (see Figure 4). In
Normal Operation mode the LIN bus receiver and the LIN bus transmitter are active. Data from the microcontroller
is transmitted to the LIN bus via the TxD pin, the receiver detects the data stream on the LIN bus and forwards it to
the RxD output pin. In Normal Operation mode, the INH pin is “High” (set to VS) and the bus termination is set to
30 kΩ.
Normal Slope mode and the Flash mode are Normal Operation modes and in these sub-modes the behavior of
the INH pin and the bus termination is the same. Per default the IFX1021SJ always enters into Normal Slope
mode, either from Sleep mode or from Stand-By mode. The Flash mode can only be entered from Normal Slope
mode.
In order to avoid any bus disturbance during a mode change, the output stage of the IFX1021SJ is disabled and
set to recessive state during the mode change procedure. To release the IFX1021SJ for data communication on
the LIN bus, the TxD pin needs to be set to “High” for the time tto,rec.
Data Sheet
9
Rev. 1.0, 2011-09-20
IFX1021SJ
Functional Description
4.2.1
Normal Slope Mode
In Normal Slope mode data transmission rates up to 20 kBauds are possible. Setting the EN pin to “High” starts
the transition to Normal Slope mode. (see Figure 5).
The mode change to Normal Slope mode is defined by the time tMODE. The time tMODE specifies the delay time
between the threshold, where the EN pin detects a “High” input signal, and the actual mode change of IFX1021SJ
into Normal Slope mode. Entering in Normal Operation mode, the IFX1021SJ always enters per default into
Normal Slope mode. The signal on the TxD pin is not relevant for entering into Normal Slope mode.
Finally to release the data communication it is required to set the TxD pin to “High” for the time tto,rec.
VEN,ON
EN
Don’t care
Data transmission
TxD
tto,rec
tMODE
Stand-By Mode / Sleep Mode
Figure 5
Normal Slope Mode
Timing to enter Normal Slope Mode
.
4.2.2
Flash Mode
In Flash mode it is possible to transmit and receive LIN messages on the LIN bus. The slew rate control
mechanism of the LIN bus signal is disabled. This allows higher data transmission rates, disregarding the EMC
limitations of the LIN network. The Flash mode is intended to be used during the ECU production for programming
the microcontroller via the LIN bus interface.
The IFX1021SJ can be set to Flash mode only from Normal Slope mode (see Figure 4). Flash mode is entered
by setting the EN pin to “Low” for the time tfl1 and generating a falling and a rising edge at the TxD pin with the
timing tfl2, tfl3 and tfl4 (see Figure 6). Leaving the Flash mode by the same sequence, sets the IFX1021SJ back to
Normal Slope mode. Finally to release the data transmission it is required to set the TxD pin to “High” for the time
tto,rec.
Additionally the IFX1021SJ can leave the Flash mode as well by switching only the EN pin to “Low”. By applying
this “Low” signal to the EN pin the IFX1021SJ is put into Sleep mode.
Data Sheet
10
Rev. 1.0, 2011-09-20
IFX1021SJ
Functional Description
Normal Slope
Mode
Normal Slope
Mode
Flash Mode
tfl1
EN
tfl1
Data transmission
TxD
tfl2
tfl3
tfl4
tfl2
ttorec
Figure 6
Timing to enter and leave Flash Mode
4.3
Stand-By Mode
Data transm.
tfl3
tfl4
ttorec
The Stand-By mode is entered automatically after:
•
•
•
•
•
A Power-Up event at the supply VS.
A bus Wake-Up event at the pin BUS.
A local Wake-Up event at the pin WK.
A power on reset caused by power supply VS
In Stand-By mode the Wake-Up sources are monitored by the TxD and RxD pins.
In Stand-By mode no communication on the LIN Bus is possible. The output stage is disabled and the LIN Bus
termination remains activated. The RxD and the TxD pin are used to indicate the Wake-Up source or a Power-Up
event. The RxD pin remains “Low“ after a local Wake-Up event on the pin WK and a bus Wake-Up event on the
LIN bus. A Power-Up event is indicated by a logical “High“ on the RxD pin. The signal on the TxD pin indicates the
Wake-Up source, a weak pull-down signals a bus Wake-Up event on the LIN bus and a strong pull-down signals
a local Wake-Up event caused by the WK pin (see Table 1 and Table 2). In order to detect a Wake-Up event via
the TxD pin, the external microcontroller output needs to provide a logical “High” signal. The Wake-Up flags
indicating the Wake-Up source on the pins TxD and RxD are reset by changing the operation mode to Normal
Operation mode.
The signal on the EN pin remains “Low“ due to an internal pull-down resistor. Setting the EN pin to “High“, by the
microcontroller returns the IFX1021SJ to Normal Operation mode. In Stand-By mode the INH output is switching
to VS. The INH output can be used to control external devices like a voltage regulator.
Table 2
Logic table for wake up monitoring
power up
WK
BUS
RxD1)
TxD2)
Remarks
Yes
1
1
1
1
No Wake-Up, Power-Up event
No
Wake- 1
Up3)
0
0
Wake via wake pin
No
1
0
1
Wake via BUS
WakeUp4)
1) To indicate the Wake-Up sources via the RxD pin, a pull-up resistor to the external microcontroller supply is required.
2) The TxD input needs an external termination to indicate a “High” or a “Low” signal. The external termination could be a
pull-up resistor or an active microcontroller output.
3) A local Wake-Up event is considered after a low signal on the pin WK (see Chapter 4.7).
4) A bus Wake-Up event is considered after a low to high transition on the LIN bus (see Chapter 4.6)
Data Sheet
11
Rev. 1.0, 2011-09-20
IFX1021SJ
Functional Description
4.4
Sleep Mode
In order to reduce the current consumption the IFX1021SJ offers a Sleep mode. In Sleep mode the quiescent
current on VS and the leakage current on the pin BUS are cut back to a minimum.
To switch the IFX1021SJ from Normal Operation mode to Sleep mode, the EN pin has to be set to “Low”.
Conversely a logical “High” on the EN pin sets the device directly back to Normal Operation mode (see Figure 4).
While the IFX1021SJ is in Sleep mode the following functions are available:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The output stage is disabled and the internal bus terminations are switched off (High Impedance on the pin
BUS). The internal current source on the bus pin ensures that the level on the pin BUS remains recessive and
protects the LIN network against accidental bus Wake-Up events.
The receiver stage is turned off.
RxD output pin is “High” if a pull-up resistor is connected to the external microcontroller supply. The TxD pin is
disabled. The logical state on the TxD pin is “Low”, due to the internal pull-down resistor.
The INH output is switched off and floating.
The bus Wake-Up comparator is active and turns the IFX1021SJ to Stand-By mode in case of a bus Wake-Up
event.
The WK pin is active and turns the IFX1021SJ to Stand-By mode in case of a local Wake-Up.
The EN pin remains active, switching the EN pin to “High“ changes the operation mode to Normal Slope mode.
4.5
Wake-Up Events
A Wake-Up event changes the operation mode of the IFX1021SJ from Sleep mode to Stand-By mode. There are
3 different ways to wake-up the IFX1021SJ from Sleep mode.
•
•
•
Bus Wake-Up via a minimum dominant signal (tWK,bus) on the pin BUS.
Local Wake-Up via a minimum dominant time (tWK) on the WK pin.
Mode change from Sleep mode to Normal Operation mode, by setting the EN pin to logical “High”.
4.6
Bus Wake-Up via LIN bus
LIN BUS Signal
VBUS
VBUS,wk
VBUS,dom
tWK,bus
Sleep Mode
Stand-By Mode
INH
Figure 7
Data Sheet
Bus Wake-Up behavior
12
Rev. 1.0, 2011-09-20
IFX1021SJ
Functional Description
The bus Wake-Up event, often called remote Wake-Up, changes the operation mode from Sleep mode to StandBy mode. A falling edge on the LIN bus, followed by a dominant bus signal t > tWK,bus results in a bus Wake-Up
event. The mode change to Stand-By mode becomes active with the following rising edge on the LIN bus. The
IFX1021SJ remains in Sleep mode until it detects a change from dominant to recessive on the LIN bus (see
Figure 7).
In Stand-By mode the TxD pin indicates the source of the Wake-Up event. A weak pull-down on the pin TxD
indicates a bus Wake-Up event (see Figure 4). The RxD pin signals if a Wake-Up event occurred or the powerup event. A “Low” signal on the RxD pin reports a local or bus Wake-Up event, a logical “High“ signal on RxD
indicates a power-up event.
4.7
Local Wake-Up
WK Signal
VWK
VWK,L
tWK
Stand-By Mode
Sleep Mode
INH
Figure 8
Local Wake-Up behavior
Beside the remote Wake-Up, a Wake-Up of the IFX1021SJ via the WK pin is possible. This type of wake-up event
is called “Local Wake Up”. A falling edge on the WK pin followed by a “Low“ signal for t > tWK results in a local
Wake-Up (see Figure 8) and changes the operation mode to Stand-By mode.
In Stand-By mode the TxD pin indicates the source of the Wake-Up event. A strong pull-down on the pin TxD
indicates a bus Wake-Up event (see Figure 4). The RxD pin signals if a Wake-Up event or the Power-Up event
occurred. A “Low” signal on the RxD pin reports a local or bus Wake-Up event, a logical “High“ signal on RxD
indicates a Power-Up event.
Data Sheet
13
Rev. 1.0, 2011-09-20
IFX1021SJ
Functional Description
4.8
Mode Transition via EN pin
EN Signal
VEN
VEN,ON
EN Hysteresis
VEN,OFF
tMODE
Sleep Mode /
Stand-By Mode
Figure 9
tMODE
Normal Operation Mode
Sleep Mode
Mode Transition via EN pin
It is also possible to change from Sleep mode to Normal Operation mode by setting the EN pin to logical “High“.
This feature is useful if the external microcontroller is continuously powered, the microcontroller power-supply is
not controlled by the INH pin. The EN pin has an integrated pull-down resistor to ensure the device remains in
Sleep or Stand-By mode even if the voltage on the EN pin is floating. The EN pin has an integrated hysteresis (see
Figure 9).
A transition from logical “High“ to logical “Low“ on the EN pin changes the operation mode from Normal Operation
mode to Sleep mode. If the IFX1021SJ is already in Sleep mode, changing the EN from “Low“ to “High” results
into a mode change from Sleep mode to Normal Operation mode. If the device is in Stand-By mode a change from
“Low“ to “High” on the EN pin changes the mode to Normal Operation mode, as well (see Figure 4).
Data Sheet
14
Rev. 1.0, 2011-09-20
IFX1021SJ
Functional Description
4.9
TxD Time Out function
If the TxD signal is dominant for a time t > ttimeout the TxD time-out function deactivates the transmission of the LIN
signal to the bus and disables the output stage. This is realized to prevent the bus from being blocked by a
permanent “Low” signal on the TxD pin, caused by an error on the external microcontroller (see Figure 10).
The transmission is released again, after a rising edge at the pin TxD has been detected.
Recovery of the
microcontroller error
TxD Time-Out due to
microcontroller error
Normal Communication
ttimeout
ttorec
Release after TxD
Time-out
Normal Communication
TxD
t
BUS
t
Figure 10
TxD Time-Out function
4.10
Over Temperature protection
The IFX1021SJ has an integrated over temperature sensor to protect the device against thermal overstress on
the output stage. In case of an over temperature event, the temperature sensor will disable the output stage (see
Figure 1). An over temperature event will not cause any mode change and won’t be indicated by the RxD pin or
the TxD pin. When the junction temperature falls below the thermal shut down level TJ < TjSD, the output stage is
re-enabled and data communication can start again on the LIN bus. A 10°C hysteresis avoids toggling during the
temperature shut down.
4.11
3.3 V and 5 V Logic Capability
The IFX1021SJ can be used for 3.3 V and 5 V microcontrollers. The inputs and the outputs are capable to operate
with both voltage levels. The RxD output must have an external pull-up resistor to the microcontroller supply to
define the output voltage level.
4.12
BUS Short to GND Feature
In case the LIN bus is shorted to GND (i.e. causing a permanent dominant state on the bus) a continuous current
would flow via the termination paths of the LIN devices. For the slaves this path is the internal 30 kΩ termination
while for the master it is the internal 30 kΩ path as well as the 1 kΩ master termination. The IFX1021SJ allows to
reduce the short-circuit current in such a failure state to a minimum:
Once the microcontroller has detected the bus short by monitoring a continuous dominant level on RxD, it simply
needs to put the IFX1021SJ in Sleep Mode. In this Mode the internal 30 kΩ termination is switched off from VS
Data Sheet
15
Rev. 1.0, 2011-09-20
IFX1021SJ
Functional Description
and only a weak pull-up current source remains active. In addition the IFX1021SJ offers with its “Bus Short to GND
feature” the possibility to also switch off the master termination from VS. To use this feature the master termination
of the LIN bus must be connected to the INH pin of the IFX1021SJ instead of connecting it directly to VS (see
Figure 14 and Figure 15). The INH pin of the IFX1021SJ can drive VS as an output that is switched off during
Sleep Mode. In this configuration the master termination also will be switched off in Sleep Mode and the failure
current can be reduced to a minimum. This feature is of special interest for battery operated systems where battery
discharge during sleep mode might be critical.
4.13
LIN Specifications 1.2, 1.3, 2.0 and 2.1
The device fulfills the Physical Layer Specification of LIN 1.2, 1.3, 2.0 and 2.1.
The differences between LIN specification 1.2 and 1.3 is mainly the physical layer specification. The reason was
to improve the compatibility between the nodes.
The LIN specification 2.0 is a super set of the 1.3 version. The 2.0 version offers new features. However, it is
possible to use the LIN 1.3 slave node in a 2.0 node cluster, as long as the new features are not used. Vice versa
it is possible to use a LIN 2.0 node in the 1.3 cluster without using the new features.
In terms of the physical layer the LIN 2.1 Specification doesn’t include any changes and is fully compliant to the
LIN Specification 2.0.
LIN 2.1 is the latest version of the LIN specification, released in December 2006.
Data Sheet
16
Rev. 1.0, 2011-09-20
IFX1021SJ
General Product Characteristics
5
General Product Characteristics
5.1
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Table 3
Absolute Maximum Ratings Voltages, Currents and Temperatures1)
All voltages with respect to ground; positive current flowing into pin;
(unless otherwise specified)
Pos.
Parameter
Symbol
Limit Values
Min.
Max.
Unit
Remarks
LIN Spec 2.1 Param. 10
Voltages
5.1.1
Supply voltage
VS
-0.3
40
V
5.1.2
Bus and WK input voltage
versus GND
versus VS
VBUS,G
VBUS,Vs
-40
-40
40
40
V
V
-0.3
5.5
V
VINH,G
VINH, Vs
-0.3
-40
40
0.3
V
V
IINH
-150
80
mA
2)
–
5.1.3
Logic voltages at EN, TxD, Vlogic
RxD
5.1.4
INH Voltage
versus GND
versus VS
–
–
Currents
5.1.5
Output current at INH
Temperatures
5.1.6
Junction temperature
Tj
-40
150
°C
–
5.1.7
Storage temperature
Ts
-55
150
°C
–
ESD Resistivity
5.1.8
Electrostatic discharge
voltage at VS, Bus, WK
versus GND
VESD
-6
6
kV
Human Body Model
(100pF via 1.5 kΩ)3)
5.1.9
Electrostatic discharge
voltage all pins
VESD
-2
2
kV
Human Body Model
(100pF via 1.5 kΩ)3)
1) Not subject to production test, specified by design
2) Output current is internally limited to -150 mA
3) ESD susceptibility HBM according to EIA / JESD 22-A 114
Note: Stresses above the ones listed here may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to absolute
maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Note: Integrated protection functions are designed to prevent IC destruction under fault conditions described in the
data sheet. Fault conditions are considered as “outside” normal operating range. Protection functions are
not designed for continuous repetitive operation.
Data Sheet
17
Rev. 1.0, 2011-09-20
IFX1021SJ
General Product Characteristics
5.2
Functional Range
Table 4
Operating Range
Pos.
Parameter
Symbol Limit Values
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
Remarks
Supply voltages
5.2.1
Extended Supply Voltage VS(ext)
Range for Operation
5
–
40
V
Parameter deviations
possible
5.2.2
Supply Voltage range for VS(nor)
Normal Operation
7
–
27
V
LIN Spec 2.1 Param. 10
-40
–
125
°C
1)
Thermal parameters
5.2.3
Junction temperature
Tj
1) Not subject to production test, specified by design
Note: Within the functional range the IC operates as described in the circuit description. The electrical
characteristics are specified within the conditions given in the related electrical characteristics table.
5.3
Thermal Characteristics
Table 5
Thermal Resistance1)
Pos.
Parameter
Symbol
Limit Values
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
Remarks
Thermal Resistance
5.3.1
Junction to Soldering
Point
RthJSP
–
–
25
K/W
measured on pin 5
5.3.2
Junction ambient
RthJA
–
130
–
K/W
2)
Thermal Shutdown Junction Temperature
5.3.3
Thermal shutdown temp. TjSD
150
175
190
°C
–
5.3.4
Thermal shutdown hyst. ΔT
–
10
–
K
–
1) Not subject to production test, specified by design
2) JESD 51-2, 51-3, FR4 76,2 mm x 114,3 mm x 1,5 mm, 70 μm Cu, minimal footprint, Ta = 27°C
Data Sheet
18
Rev. 1.0, 2011-09-20
IFX1021SJ
Electrical Characteristics
6
Electrical Characteristics
6.1
Functional Device Characteristics
Table 6
Electrical Characteristics
7.0 V < VS < 27 V; RBUS = 500 Ω; -40 °C < Tj < 125 °C; all voltages with respect to ground; positive current flowing
into pin; unless otherwise specified.
Pos.
Parameter
Symbol
Limit Values
Unit Remarks
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Current Consumption
6.1.1
Current consumption at VS
IS,rec
0.5
1.1
3.0
mA
Recessive state, without RL;
VS = 13.5 V;
VTxD = “High”
6.1.2
Current consumption at VS
Dominate State
IS,dom
–
1.5
5.0
mA
Dominant state, without RL;
VS = 13.5 V;
VTxD = 0 V
6.1.3
Current consumption at VS
in sleep mode
IS,sleep
–
5
12
µA
Sleep mode.
VS = 18 V;
VWK= VS= VBUS;
6.1.4
Current consumption at VS in IS,sleep,typ
sleep mode
–
–
10
µA
Sleep mode, Tj < 85 °C
VS = 13.5 V;
VWK= VS= VBUS
6.1.5
Current consumption in sleep IS,lkg,SC_GND
mode bus shorted to GND
–
45
100
µA
Sleep mode,
VS = 13.5 V;VBUS=0V
Receiver Output: RxD
6.1.6
HIGH level leakage current
IRD,H,leak
-5
–
5
µA
VRxD = 5V; VBUS = VS
6.1.7
LOW level output current
IRD,L
1.7
–
10
mA
VRxD = 0.9V, VBUS = 0V
Transmission Input: TxD
6.1.8
HIGH level input voltage
range
VTD,H
2
–
5.5
V
Recessive state
6.1.9
Input hysteresis
VTD,hys
VTD,L
150
300
450
mV
1)
-0.3
–
0.8
V
Dominant state
RTD
ITD,L
100
350
800
kΩ
VTxD = High
1.5
3
10
mA
VTxD = 0.9 V; VWK = 0 V;
VS = 13.5 V
Ci
–
5
–
pF
1)
6.1.10 LOW level input voltage
range
6.1.11 Pull-down resistance
6.1.12 Dominant current standby
mode after Wake-Up
6.1.13 Input capacitance
Data Sheet
19
Rev. 1.0, 2011-09-20
IFX1021SJ
Electrical Characteristics
Table 6
Electrical Characteristics (cont’d)
7.0 V < VS < 27 V; RBUS = 500 Ω; -40 °C < Tj < 125 °C; all voltages with respect to ground; positive current flowing
into pin; unless otherwise specified.
Pos.
Parameter
Symbol
Limit Values
Unit Remarks
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Enable Input: EN
6.1.14 HIGH level input voltage
range
VEN,ON
2
–
5.5
V
Normal Operation mode
6.1.15 LOW level input voltage
range
VEN,OFF
-0.3
–
0.8
V
Sleep mode or Stand-By
mode
6.1.16 Input hysteresis
VEN,hys
REN
150
300
450
mV
1)
15
30
60
kΩ
–
6.1.17 Pull-down resistance
6.1.18 Input capacitance
Ci EN
–
5
–
pF
1)
22
36
50
Ω
IINH = -15 mA
-150
-110
-40
mA
VINH = 0 V
-5.0
–
5.0
μA
Sleep mode;
VINH = 0 V
Inhibit, Master Termination Output: INH
RINH,on
6.1.20 Maximum INH output current IINH
6.1.21 Leakage current
IINH,lk
6.1.19 Inhibit Ron resistance
Wake Input: WK
6.1.22 High level input voltage
VWK,H
VS 1V
–
VS +
3V
V
tested VS = 13.5 V;
6.1.23 Low level input voltage
VWK,L
-0.3
–
VS 4V
V
tested VS = 13.5 V;
6.1.24 Pull-up current
-60
-20
-3
μA
–
6.1.25 High level leakage current
IWK,PU
IWK,H,leak
-5
–
5
μA
VS = 0 V;
VWK = 40 V
6.1.26 Dominant time for Wake-Up
tWK
30
–
150
μs
–
pF
1)
V
–
6.1.27 Input Capacitance
Ci WK
–
15
6.1.28 Receiver threshold voltage,
recessive to dominant edge
Vth_dom
0.4 ×
VS
0.45 × –
VS
6.1.29 Receiver dominant state
VBUSdom
VS 40 V
–
0.4 ×
VS
V
LIN Spec 2.1 (Par. 17) 2)
6.1.30 Receiver threshold voltage,
dominant to recessive edge
Vth_rec
–
0.55 × 0.6 ×
VS
VS
V
–
6.1.31 Receiver recessive state
VBUSrec
0.6 ×
VS
–
1.15 x V
Vs
LIN Spec 2.1 (Par. 18) 3)
6.1.32 Receiver center voltage
VBUS_CNT
0.475
× VS
0.5 ×
VS
0.525 V
× VS
LIN Spec 2.1 (Par. 19) 4)
6.1.33 Receiver hysteresis
VHYS
0.07 × 0.12 × 0.175 V
VS
VS
× VS
LIN Spec 2.1 (Par. 20) 5)
6.1.34 Wake-Up threshold voltage
VBUS,wk
0.40 × 0.5 ×
VS
VS
0.6 ×
VS
V
–
30
150
μs
–
–
Bus Receiver: BUS
6.1.35 Dominant time for bus Wake- tWK,bus
Up
Data Sheet
–
20
Rev. 1.0, 2011-09-20
IFX1021SJ
Electrical Characteristics
Table 6
Electrical Characteristics (cont’d)
7.0 V < VS < 27 V; RBUS = 500 Ω; -40 °C < Tj < 125 °C; all voltages with respect to ground; positive current flowing
into pin; unless otherwise specified.
Pos.
Parameter
Symbol
Limit Values
Unit Remarks
Min.
Typ.
Max.
0.8 ×
VS
–
VS
–
–
–
–
–
–
1.2
V
0.2 x VS V
V
2.0
Bus Transmitter BUS
6.1.36 Bus recessive output voltage VBUS,ro
6.1.37 Bus dominant output voltage VBUS,do
maximum load
V
VTxD = high Level
VTxD = 0 V; RL = 500 Ω
6.0 ≤ VS ≤ 7.3 V;
7.3 < VS ≤ 10 V;
10 < VS ≤ 18 V;
(see Figure 12)
6.1.38 Bus short circuit current
IBUS_LIM
70
100
150
mA
VBUS = 13.5 V;
LIN Spec 2.1 (Par. 12);
6.1.39 Leakage current
IBUS_NO_GND
-1
-0.5
–
mA
VS = 0 V; VBUS = -12 V;
LIN Spec 2.1 (Par. 15)
6.1.40 Leakage current
IBUS_NO_BAT –
1
8
μA
VS = 0 V; VBUS = 18 V;
LIN Spec 2.1 (Par. 16)
6.1.41 Leakage current
IBUS_PAS_dom -1
-0.5
–
mA
VS = 18 V; VBUS = 0 V;
LIN Spec 2.1 (Par. 13)
6.1.42 Leakage current
IBUS_PAS_rec
–
1
8
μA
VS = 8 V; VBUS = 18 V;
LIN Spec 2.1 (Par. 14)
6.1.43 Bus pull-up resistance
Rslave
20
30
47
kΩ
Normal mode
LIN Spec 2.1 (Par. 26)
6.1.44 LIN output current
IBUS
-60
-30
-5
μA
6.1.45 Input Capacitance
Sleep mode
VS = 13.5V VEN = 0V
Ci BUS
15
–
pF
1)
Dynamic Transceiver Characteristics: BUS
LIN Spec 2.1 (Par. 31)
RRxD = 2.4 kΩ;
CRxD = 20 pF
6.1.46 Propagation delay
LIN bus to RxD
Dominant to RxD Low
Recessive to RxD High
trx_pdf
trx_pdr
–
–
1
1
6
6
μs
μs
6.1.47 Receiver delay symmetry
trx_sym
-2
–
2
μs
LIN Spec 2.1 (Par. 32)
trx_sym = trx_pdf- trx_pdr;
RRxD = 2.4 kΩ;
CRxD = 20 pF
6.1.48 Delay time for mode change
tMODE
ttimeout
ttorec
–
–
150
μs
1)
8
13
20
ms
VTxD = 0 V
–
–
15
μs
1)
6.1.51 EN toggling to enter the flash tfl1
mode
25
35
50
μs
1)
See Figure 6
tfl2
tfl3
tfl4
5
10
10
–
–
–
–
–
–
μs
1)
See Figure 6
6.1.49 TxD dominant time out
6.1.50 TxD dominant time out
recovery time
6.1.52 TxD time for flash activation
Data Sheet
21
See Figure 5
Rev. 1.0, 2011-09-20
IFX1021SJ
Electrical Characteristics
Table 6
Electrical Characteristics (cont’d)
7.0 V < VS < 27 V; RBUS = 500 Ω; -40 °C < Tj < 125 °C; all voltages with respect to ground; positive current flowing
into pin; unless otherwise specified.
Pos.
Parameter
Symbol
Limit Values
Unit Remarks
Min.
Typ.
Max.
6.1.53 Duty cycle D1
(for worst case at 20 kBit/s)
D1
0.396
–
–
duty cycle 16)
THRec(max) = 0.744 × VS;
THDom(max) =0.581 × VS;
VS = 7.0 … 18 V;
tbit = 50 μs;
D1 = tbus_rec(min)/2 tbit;
LIN Spec 2.1 (Par. 27)
6.1.54 Duty cycle D2
(for worst case at 20 kBit/s)
D2
–
–
0.581
duty cycle 26)
THRec(min)= 0.422 × VS;
THDom(min)= 0.284 × VS
VS = 7.6 … 18 V;
tbit = 50μs;
D2 = tbus_rec(max)/2 tbit;
LIN Spec 2.1 (Par. 28)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Not subject to production test, specified by design
Minimum limit specified by design
Maximum limit specified by design
VBUS_CNT = (Vth_dom - Vth rec)/2;
VHYS = VBUSrec - VBUSdom
Bus load concerning LIN Spec 2.1:
Load 1 = 1 nF / 1 kΩ = CBUS / RBUS
Load 2 = 6.8 nF / 660 Ω = CBUS / RBUS
Load 3 = 10 nF / 500 Ω = CBUS / RBUS
Data Sheet
22
Rev. 1.0, 2011-09-20
IFX1021SJ
Electrical Characteristics
6.2
Diagrams
VS
EN
100 nF
INH
VµC
TxD
RBUS
RRxD
RxD
CRxD
Bus
CBus
Figure 11
WK
GND
Simplified test circuit for dynamic characteristics
VS
EN
100 nF
INH
VµC
TxD
RBUS
RRxD
RxD
CRxD
Bus
CBus
Figure 12
Data Sheet
WK
GND
Simplified test circuit for static characteristics
23
Rev. 1.0, 2011-09-20
IFX1021SJ
Electrical Characteristics
tBit
TxD
tBit
tBit
(input to
transmitting node)
tBus_dom(max)
VSUP
(Transceiver supply
of transmitting
node)
tBus_rec(min)
THRec(max)
THDom(max)
Thresholds of
receiving node 1
THRec(min)
THDom(min)
Thresholds of
receiving node 2
tBus_dom(min)
tBus_rec(max)
RxD
(output of receiving
node 1)
trx_pdf(1)
trx_pdr(1)
RxD
(output of receiving
node 2)
trx_pdr(2)
trx_pdf(2)
Duty Cycle 1 = tBUS_rec(min) / (2 x tBIT)
Duty Cycle 2 = tBUS_rec(max) / (2 x tBIT)
Figure 13
Data Sheet
Timing diagram for dynamic characteristics
24
Rev. 1.0, 2011-09-20
IFX1021SJ
Application Information
7
Application Information
7.1
Master Termination
To achieve the required timings for the dominant to recessive transition of the bus signal an additional external
termination resistor of 1 kΩ is mandatory. It is recommended to place this resistor at the master node. To avoid
reverse currents from the bus line into the supply line it is recommended to place a diode in series with the external
pull-up. For small systems (low bus capacitance) the EMC performance of the system is supported by an
additional capacitor of at least 1 nF at the master node (see Figure 14 and Figure 15).The values for the Master
Termination resistor and the bus capacitances influence the performance of the LIN network. They depend on the
number of nodes inside the LIN network and on the parasitic cable capacitance of the LIN bus wiring.
7.2
External Capacitors
A capacitor of 10 μF at the supply voltage input VS buffers the input voltage. In combination with the required
reverse polarity diode this prevents the device from detecting a power down conditions in case of negative
transients on the supply line (see Figure 14 and Figure 15).
The 100 nF capacitor close to the VS pin of the IFX1021SJ is required to get the best EMC performance.
Data Sheet
25
Rev. 1.0, 2011-09-20
IFX1021SJ
Application Information
7.3
Application Example
VSupply
22 µF
100 nF
VI
VQ
INH
10 µF
GND
100 nF
LIN
BUS
e.g. IFX25001
Master Node
VS
WK
INH
5 V or 3.3V
IFX1021SJ
1 kΩ
Pull-Up to Micro
Controller Supply
100 nF
RxD
TxD
BUS
Micro Controller
e.g XC22xx
EN
GND
GND
1 nF
ECU1
22 µF
100 nF
VI
VQ
INH
10 µF
GND
100 nF
e.g. IFX25001
Slave Node
VS
WK
INH
5 V or 3.3V
IFX1021SJ
RxD
TxD
BUS
220 pF
Pull-Up to Micro
Controller Supply
100 nF
Micro Controller
e.g XC22xx
EN
GND
GND
ECUX
APPLICATION_IFX1021SJ_V00.VSD
Figure 14
Data Sheet
Simplified Application Circuit with Bus Short to GND Feature applied
26
Rev. 1.0, 2011-09-20
IFX1021SJ
Application Information
VSupply
22 µF
100 nF
VI
VQ
INH
10 µF
GND
100 nF
LIN
BUS
e.g. IFX25001
Master Node
VS
WK
INH
5 V or 3.3V
IFX1021SJ
1 kΩ
Pull-Up to Micro
Controller Supply
RxD
TxD
BUS
100 nF
Micro Controller
e.g XC22xx
EN
GND
GND
1 nF
ECU1
22 µF
100 nF
VI
VQ
INH
10 µF
GND
100 nF
e.g. IFX25001
Slave Node
VS
WK
INH
5 V or 3.3V
IFX1021SJ
RxD
TxD
BUS
220 pF
Pull-Up to Micro
Controller Supply
100 nF
Micro Controller
e.g XC22xx
EN
GND
GND
ECUX
APPLICATION_IFX1021SJ_V01.VSD
Figure 15
Data Sheet
Simplified application Circuit without Bus Short to GND Feature
27
Rev. 1.0, 2011-09-20
IFX1021SJ
Package Outlines
8
Package Outlines
0.1
2)
0.41+0.1
-0.06
0.2
8
5
1
4
5 -0.2 1)
M
0.19 +0.06
4 -0.2
C
B
8 MAX.
1.27
1.75 MAX.
0.175 ±0.07
(1.45)
0.35 x 45˚
1)
0.64 ±0.25
6 ±0.2
A B 8x
0.2
M
C 8x
A
Index Marking
1) Does not include plastic or metal protrusion of 0.15 max. per side
2) Lead width can be 0.61 max. in dambar area
GPS01181
Figure 16
PG-DSO-8 (Plastic Dual Small Outline PG-DSO-8)
Green Product (RoHS compliant)
To meet the world-wide customer requirements for environmentally friendly products and to be compliant with
government regulations the device is available as a green product. Green products are RoHS-Compliant (i.e
Pb-free finish on leads and suitable for Pb-free soldering according to IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020).
For further information on alternative packages, please visit our website:
http://www.infineon.com/packages.
Data Sheet
28
Dimensions in mm
Rev. 1.0, 2011-09-20
IFX1021SJ
Revision History
9
Revision History
Revision
Date
Changes
1.0
2011-09-20
Data Sheet - Initial Release
Data Sheet
29
Rev. 1.0, 2011-09-20
Edition 2011-09-20
Published by
Infineon Technologies AG
81726 Munich, Germany
© 2011 Infineon Technologies AG
All Rights Reserved.
Legal Disclaimer
The information given in this document shall in no event be regarded as a guarantee of conditions or
characteristics. With respect to any examples or hints given herein, any typical values stated herein and/or any
information regarding the application of the device, Infineon Technologies hereby disclaims any and all warranties
and liabilities of any kind, including without limitation, warranties of non-infringement of intellectual property rights
of any third party.
Information
For further information on technology, delivery terms and conditions and prices, please contact the nearest
Infineon Technologies Office (www.infineon.com).
Warnings
Due to technical requirements, components may contain dangerous substances. For information on the types in
question, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office.
The Infineon Technologies component described in this Data Sheet may be used in life-support devices or systems
and/or automotive, aviation and aerospace applications or systems only with the express written approval of
Infineon Technologies, if a failure of such components can reasonably be expected to cause the failure of that lifesupport automotive, aviation and aerospace device or system or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device
or system. Life support devices or systems are intended to be implanted in the human body or to support and/or
maintain and sustain and/or protect human life. If they fail, it is reasonable to assume that the health of the user
or other persons may be endangered.