[AP1023AEN] AP1023 2ch H-Bridge Constant Voltage Control Motor Driver IC 1. General Description The AP1023 is 2ch H-Bridge Motor Driver corresponding to motor operating voltage range from 1.6 to 6.5V. The AP1023 is capable of driving two motor or one stepper motor. The AP1023 is suitable for battery drive application, and realizes to the battery life by PWM constant voltage control. The AP1023 is housed in a small 4×4mm 24pin QFN package with good heat dissipation performance, and therefore contributes to downsize Printed Circuit Board. 2. Features PWM Constant Voltage Control Motor Operating Voltage 1.6V～6.5V Control Supply Voltage 2.7V～5.5V Maximum Output Current 1.45A(Ta=25℃, 2ch simultaneously) H-Bridge On-Resistance（High＋Low) 0.54Ω (Ta=25°C) Built-in Charge Pump block Under Voltage Lockout Circuit (UVLO) Thermal Shutdown Circuit (TSD) Operating Temperature Range -30°C～85°C Package 24pin QFN (4mm×4mm, with Ex-posed PAD) 016000616-E00 2016/03 -1- [AP1023AEN] 3. Table of Contents 1. 2. 3. 4. General Description ........................................................................................................................................... 1 Features .............................................................................................................................................................. 1 Table of Contents............................................................................................................................................... 2 Block Diagram and Functions ........................................................................................................................... 3 ■Block Diagram .................................................................................................................................................. 3 ■Functions ........................................................................................................................................................... 3 5. Ordering Guide .................................................................................................................................................. 4 6. Pin Configurations and Functions...................................................................................................................... 4 ■Pin Configurations ............................................................................................................................................. 4 ■Functions ........................................................................................................................................................... 4 7. Absolute Maximum Ratings .............................................................................................................................. 5 8. Recommended Operating Conditions ................................................................................................................ 6 9. Electrical Characteristics ................................................................................................................................... 7 10. Functional Descriptions ................................................................................................................................. 9 10.1 Operation Outline ...................................................................................................................................... 9 10.2 Motor Driver Block Configuration .......................................................................................................... 10 10.3 Protection Circuits ................................................................................................................................... 11 11. Recommended External Circuits ................................................................................................................. 12 ■Recommended External Circuits ..................................................................................................................... 12 12. Package ........................................................................................................................................................ 13 ■Outline Dimensions ......................................................................................................................................... 13 ■Recommended Land Pattern............................................................................................................................ 13 ■Marking ........................................................................................................................................................... 13 13. Revise History ............................................................................................................................................. 14 IMPORTANT NOTICE ...................................................................................................................................... 15 016000616-E00 2016/03 -2- [AP1023AEN] 4. Block Diagram and Functions ■Block Diagram CL CH VG VM VC Charge Pump VREF VREF LDMOS OUT1A H-Bridge 1 OUT1B Saw-Tooth OSC VSET PGND UVLO TSD H-Bridge Control Circuit IN1 IN2 IN3 IN4 EN LDMOS OUT2A H-Bridge 2 OUT2B Control Circuit M1 M0 EP Figure 1. Block Diagram ■Functions No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Block Name Charge Pump VREF Function Generate High side Gate drive Voltage. Output Reference Voltage. It uses PWM Constant Voltage Setting pin, VSET. According to input signal and VSET setting Voltage, VM voltage, the AP1023 Saw-Tooth OSC generates PWM control signal and supplies H-Bridge Control Circuit. If VC voltage is lower than 2.2V (typ.) at the starting, the H-Bridge output is the UVLO Hi-Z. If the internal temperature of the IC (Tj) reaches 175 °C (typ.), the H-Bridge outputs TSD Hi-Z. Every block is controlled by signal of Input terminal. Control Circuit When UVLO and TSD operate at the abnormal operation, every block is stopped. H-Bridge Control According to information from Control Circuit and PWM control setting (M0, M1), Circuit PWM Constant Voltage (VSET), the AP1023 generates signal to drive H-Bridge. LDMOS H-Bridge is configured by Hi-Side(TOP) and Lo-Side(BOT) Nch-MOSFET. H-Bridge1, 2 016000616-E00 2016/03 -3- [AP1023AEN] 5. Ordering Guide AP1023AEN -30°C～85°C 24-pin QFN 6. Pin Configurations and Functions OUT2B OUT2B M1 M0 EN GND 18 17 16 15 14 13 Configurations OUT2A 19 12 VSET OUT2A 20 11 VREF VM 21 10 IN4 VM 22 9 IN3 OUT1A 23 8 IN2 7 IN1 Exposed pad 2 3 4 5 6 OUT1B VG CH CL VC 24 1 OUT1A (Top View) OUT1B ■Pin Exposed PAD must be connected to GND. ■Functions Pin Number 1,2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Pin Name OUT1B VG CH CL VC IN1 IN2 IN3 IN4 VREF VSET GND EN M0 I/O O I/O I/O I/O P I I I I O I P I I 16 M1 I 17,18 19,20 21,22 23,24 OUT2B OUT2A VM OUT1A O O P O Functions Motor Driver Output Connect Terminal for Stabilizing Capacitor. Connect Terminal for Charge Pump Capacitor. Connect Terminal for Charge Pump Capacitor. Control Power Supply Control Signal Input Control Signal Input Control Signal Input Control Signal Input Output Terminal of Reference Voltage Constant Voltage Analog input Ground Enable Signal Input Constant Voltage magnification setting Input (x1, x2) Driver control setting Input (Two Phase-excitation, Generic) Motor Driver Output Motor Driver Output Motor Power Supply Motor Driver Output EP PGND P Power Ground,Ex-posed Pad Notes Built-in 200kΩ Pull-down Built-in 200kΩ Pull-down Built-in 200kΩ Pull-down Built-in 200kΩ Pull-down Built-in 200kΩ Pull-down Built-in 200kΩ Pull-down Built-in 200kΩ Pull-down PGND and EP are shorted on the frame. Note 1. I(Input pin), O(Output pin), P(Power pin), I/O(Input/Output pin) 016000616-E00 2016/03 -4- [AP1023AEN] 7. Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Symbol min max Unit Control Supply Voltage VC -0.5 6.0 V Motor Operating Voltage VM -0.5 7.0 V Vterm1 -0.5 VC V Vterm2 -0.5 VM V Vterm3 -0.5 13.0 V - 1.35 A - 0.95 A/ch - 3.125 W VC Level Terminal Voltage (INn,VREF,VSET,M1,M0,EN) VM Level Terminal Voltage (OUTnA, OUTnB,CL) VC+VM Level Terminal Voltage (CH,VG) Maximum Output Current Iload Power Dissipation PD Condition Ta=85°C, 1ch (Note 3) Ta=85°C, 2ch simultaneously (Note 3,Note 4) Thermal shutdown detection Temperature: Tj=150°C , (Note 3,Note 4) Junction Temperature Tj 150 °C Storage Temperature Tstg -40 150 °C Note 2.All above voltages are with respect to GND=PGND=0V. GND and PGND must be connected to a ground plane. Note 3. For Power Dissipation, the output current rating may be limited by duty cycle, Ta, and PCB board heat sinking design. Note 4.A 4-layer board is used. RθJA = 40°C/W. 3.6 3.2 Pwower dissipation, Pd ( W) 2.8 2.4 RθJA=40°C/W at 4-layer PCB 2.0 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.0 0 25 50 75 85 100 Temperature (°C) 125 150 175 Figure 2. Maximum Power Dissipation WARNING: Operation at or beyond these limits may result in permanent damage to the device. Normal operation is not guaranteed at these extremes. 016000616-E00 2016/03 -5- [AP1023AEN] 8. Recommended Operating Conditions Parameter Motor Operating Voltage Control Supply Voltage Input Frequency Range VSET terminal Voltage Operating Temperature Range Symbol VM VC Fin VSET Ta min 1.6 2.7 0.5 -30 typ 5.0 3.0 - (Ta=25°C, unless otherwise specified.) max Unit Condition 6.5 V 5.5 V 1 kHz M1=”L”,IN1,2 VC V 85 °C WARNING: The maximum ratings are the absolute limitation values with the possibility of the IC breakage. When the operation exceeds this standard quality cannot be guaranteed. 016000616-E00 2016/03 -6- [AP1023AEN] 9. Electrical Characteristics Parameter Quiescent Current VC Quiescent Current at the time of Power Save VM Quiescent Current at the time of Power Save VC Quiescent Current at the time of Operating Charge Pump Charge Pump Voltage Charge Pump Rise Time H-Bridge Driver on resistance 1 (H-Bridge High+Low) Driver on resistance 2 (H-Bridge High+Low)(Note 6) H-Bridge Driver Body diode forward voltage Delay Time Output Delay Time (“L”→”H”) Output Delay Time (“H”→”L”) Output Pulse Width Control Logic Input High Level Voltage Input Low Level Voltage Input Pulse Rise Time Input Pulse Fall Time Input High Level Current Input Low Level Current Constant Voltage Control VREF Output Voltage PWM Frequency1 PWM Frequency2 Constant Voltage Control Accuracy1 Constant Voltage Control Accuracy2 Voltage between the OUT terminal (Ta=+25°C, VM=3.0V,VC=3.3V, unless otherwise specified.) Symbol Condition min typ max Unit IVCOFF IN=All “L” - - 1 µA IVMOFF IN=All “L” - - 1 µA - 0.45 1.0 mA - 0.3 6.3 3.0 V ms IVC VG tVGON VG = VM+VC、Iload=0A Charge-Pump: VC > VCUV RON Iload 1ch/2ch = 0.1A/0.1A - 0.54 0.70 Ω RONTj Iload 1ch/2ch = 0.1A/0.1A Tj = 150°C - 0.72 0.86 Ω IF = 100mA - 0.8 1.2 V - - 1.0 μs - - 1.0 μs 0.6 1.0 1.4 μs 0.7×VC 7.5 -1.0 15 - 0.3×VC 1.0 1.0 30 1.0 V V µs µs µA µA 2.25 10 25 2.5 - 2.75 160 140 V kHz kHz DutyOUT 1 VM=3.6V、VSET=1.8V,M0=”L” 45 50 55 % DutyOUT 2 VM=1.8V、VSET=1.8V,M0=”L” 95 - 100 % 1.65 1.75 1.85 V 1.9 2.2 2.5 V 150 175 200 °C - 30 - °C VF Connected to 1kΩ between tPDLH OUTA and OUTB.(Figure 3) IN1=IN3=”L”, VM=3.6V IN2=IN4=200kHz tPDHL VC=3V, VSET=1.9V N=2 (M0=”H”), M1=”H” Connected to 20Ω between tPW OUTA and OUTB. Input Pulse Width：1μs(Figure 3) VIH VIL tR tF IIH IIL VREF fPWM1 fPWM2 VOUT VC=3.0V Iref=0.1mA VM=1.6V~6.5V VM=1.8V~3.6V VM=2.0V、Iout=200mA VSET=1.85V Protection Circuit VC Under Voltage Detect Voltage VCUV Thermal Shutdown Temperature TTSD (Note 6) Temperature Hysteresis (Note 6) TTSDHYS Note 5.All above voltage is defined to GND=0V. Note 6.Not tested under mass-production. 016000616-E00 - 2016/03 -7- [AP1023AEN] VC VC IN1/2A IN1/2B 50％ IN1/2A IN1/2B 50％ 50% 1us tPDLH tPDHL VM VM OUT1/2A OUT1/2B 90％ OUT1/2A OUT1/2B 10％ 50% tPW (a) Delay Time (b) Pulse Width Figure 3.Timmimg Chart (Delay Time, Pulse Width) 016000616-E00 2016/03 -8- [AP1023AEN] 10. Functional Descriptions 10.1 Operation Outline The AP1023 can adjust the PWM duty of the output signal so that the average voltage of the H-Bridge output is about “VSET×N”. Ex. N=1, VSET =1.8V, VM=3.6V→50% duty PWM signal Output, H-Bridge Output average Voltage=1.8V N=1, VSET =1.8V, VM=1.8V→100% duty PWM signal Output, H-Bridge Output average Voltage=1.8V H-Bridge Output average voltage can be hold without depending VM. Ex.VREF×N>VM→100% duty, H-Bridge Output average Voltage=1.8V It should be noted that this average output voltage does not include the voltage loss due to the load current and the on-resistance of the H-Bridge. Please note that different from the actual voltage applied to the load. Calculation of Output signal duty : PWM duty = VSET×N /VM Table 1.Selection of the Setting voltage magnification (N) by the M0 signal M0 N L 1 (PWM Constant Voltage Control) H 2 (PWM Constant Voltage Control) Table 2.Selection of the Input Logic by the M1 signal (Input Logic of M1 = "L" is the best in the case of a Two-phase excitation.) M1 Input Logic L Two-phase excitation H Generic Table 3. M1=”L” INPUT EN IN1 IN2 IN3 L H L H H H L H H - IN4 - OUT1A Hi-Z L H(PWM) - OUTPUT OUT1B OUT2A Hi-Z Hi-Z H(PWM) L L H(PWM) OUT2B Hi-Z H(PWM) L Table 4. M1=”H” INPUT OUTPUT EN IN1 IN2 IN3 IN4 OUT1A OUT1B OUT2A OUT2B L Hi-Z Hi-Z Hi-Z Hi-Z L L H L L H H(PWM) H L L L L H H H(PWM) H H H Hi-Z Hi-Z L L H L L H H(PWM) H L L L L H H H(PWM) H H H Hi-Z Hi-Z Note 7. Charge Pump block and TSD, UVLO don’t operate at the Power Save. 016000616-E00 Mode Power Save(Note 7) CCW(Reverse) CW(Forward) CCW(Reverse) CW(Forward) Mode Power Save(Note 7) Brake CW(Forward) CCW(Reverse) Standby Brake CW(Forward) CCW(Reverse) Standby 2016/03 -9- [AP1023AEN] 10.2 Motor Driver Block Configuration The N-ch LDMOS FET of the output stage is layout on both sides of the high-side and low-side, and therefore the AP1023 possible to be housed in a small package. Hi-side FET is driven by VG. “VG=VM+VC” is generated by Charge-Pump. Lo-side FET is driven by VC. VG IN1 CH CVG IN2 CHL Charge IN3 IN4 Pump Control Pre Driver CL Logic VM VG EN CVM M1 M0 OUTnA VC VG VC OUTnB PGNDn Figure 4.Driver Block Equivalent circuit 016000616-E00 2016/03 - 10 - [AP1023AEN] 10.3 Protection Circuits ・Under Voltage Lockout(UVLO) If VC voltage is lower than 2.2V (typ.) at the starting, the H-Bridge output is the Hi-Z. ・Thermal Shutdown(TSD) When the internal temperature of the IC reaches the specified temperature (TTSD(min)=150°C), and the H-Bridge driver outputs Hi-Z. When the internal temperature after the detection is lowered about 30°C (TTSDHYS), drivers will start the operation. Detection of abnormal heating ↓ OUTnA/OUTnB: Hi-Z Restart Temperature = TTSD - TTSDHYS Waiting for Temperature decrease Hysterisis：30℃typ Motor Driver restaarts OUTnA/OUTnB: IN1～IN4 setting Figure 5.Detection of abnormal heating TSD TDET TDETHYS Tj VM UVLO VC VCDET_LV IN IOUT OUT Hi-Z Hi-Z Hi-Z Figure 6. Protection Circuits Timing Chart Note 8.There is no restriction to the power-up sequence of VM and VC. 016000616-E00 2016/03 - 11 - [AP1023AEN] 11. Recommended External Circuits ■Recommended External Circuits ・Driving Stepper Motor(External VREF) VM CVM1 ・Driving Stepper Motor(Internal VREF) CHL CVM2 VM CVG VM CH CL CVM1 VG CH VG CL VC CVC CVC VC OUT1A VREF OUT1A VREF OUT1B COUT CVR OUT1B COUT R1 M VSET VSET CVG VM VC VC CHL CVM2 M VSET CVS R2 OUT2A AP1023 IN1 OUT2A OUT2B CPU IN4 IN4 EN PGND M0 PGND M0 M1 M1 EP EP ・Driving DC Motor(External VREF) CVM1 ・Driving DC Motor(Internal VREF) CHL CVM2 VM CVG VM CH CL CVM1 CVC CH VG CL VC OUT1A VREF OUT1B COUT M OUT1B R1 CVS CVR AP1023 COUT M AP1023 M OUT2B IN2 IN3 IN3 CPU IN4 IN4 EN EN PGND M0 PGND M0 M1 M1 VC COUT OUT2A IN1 OUT2B IN2 CPU M R2 OUT2A IN1 COUT VSET VSET VSET CVG CVC VC OUT1A VREF CHL CVM2 VM VG VC VC COUT IN3 EN VM OUT2B IN2 IN3 CPU AP1023 IN1 COUT IN2 VC EP EP Figure 7.Recommended External Circuits Table 5. Parts List Item Value Unit Note CVM1 22 stabilization capacitors µF CVM2 1.0 de-coupling capacitor µF CVC 0.1 µF CHL 0.1 µF CVG 0.1 µF CVR 0.1 µF CVS 100 pF COUT 0.1 µF R1 130k ohm R1+R2≧50kΩ R2 370k ohm Note 9.Above values are examples. Please choose appropriate external components for your system board. Note 10.Capacitance of CVM and CVC should be determined in consideration of the load current profile, the load capacitance, the line resistance and etc. of the actual system board. Note 11.Please layout the large ground plane on the PCB. Note 12.Exposed Pad (heat sink) is common to the ground terminal. Please connect it to the ground of the PCB. 016000616-E00 2016/03 - 12 - [AP1023AEN] 12. Package ■Outline Dimensions ・24-pin QFN (Unit : mm) 0.75 0.05 B 19 24 18 C0.35 1 12 A 0.10 0 ~ 0.05 7 0.50 0.25 0.05 0.10 M C A B (0.20) 4.00 0.40 0.10 (0.30) 4.00 2.60 0.10 0.10 2.60 0.10 0.08 C C ■Recommended Land Pattern ■Marking (2) 1023 YWWD (3) (1) (4) (5) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 1pin Indication Market No. Year code (last digit) Week code Management code 016000616-E00 2016/03 - 13 - [AP1023AEN] 13. Revise History Date (YY/MM/DD) 16/03/24 Revision Page Contents 00 - First Edition 016000616-E00 2016/03 - 14 - [AP1023AEN] IMPORTANT NOTICE 0. Asahi Kasei Microdevices Corporation (“AKM”) reserves the right to make changes to the information contained in this document without notice. When you consider any use or application of AKM product stipulated in this document (“Product”), please make inquiries the sales office of AKM or authorized distributors as to current status of the Products. 1. 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