AND9390/D 3-phase Inverter Power Module Application Note for the Compact IPM series 1. Product synopsis www.onsemi.com This application note provides practical guidelines for designing with the Compact IPM series power modules. This series of Intelligent Power Modules (IPM) for 3‐phase motor drives contains a three‐phase inverter stage, gate drivers and a thermistor. The key functions are outlined below: Highly integrated power module containing an inverter power stage for a high voltage 3‐phase inverter in a small dual in‐line (DIP) package. Output stage uses IGBT/FRD technology and implements Under Voltage Protection (UVP) and Over‐current Protection (OCP) with a fault detection output flag. Internal bootstrap diodes are provided for the high‐side drivers. Separate pins for each of the three low‐side emitter terminals Thermistor for substrate temperature measurement. All control inputs and status outputs have voltage levels compatible with microcontrollers. Single VDD power supply due to internal bootstrap circuit for high‐side gate driver circuit. Mounting holes for easy assembly of heat sink with screws APPLICATION NOTE DIPS DIPS3 A simplified block diagram of a motor control system is shown in Figure 1. Intelligent Power Module Figure 1. Motor Control System Block Diagram © Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2016 May 2016 - Rev. 3 1 Publication Order Number: AND9390/D AND9390/D 2. Product description Table 1 gives an overview of the available devices in the Compact IPM series. For package drawing, please refer to Chapter 6. Device Feature Package Voltage (VCEmax.) Current (Ic) Peak current (Ic) Isolation voltage Shunt resistance STK5C4U332J‐E STK5Q4U340J‐E * STK5Q4U352J‐E STK5Q4U362J‐E STK5Q4U363J‐E STK5Q4U395J‐E * triple shunts DIPS DIPS3 3A 6A 600V 8A 16A 2000V External 5A 10A 10A 20A 15A 30A * Under development Table 1. Device Overview For STK5C4U332J-E RCIN has internal RC network. Latch time is 2ms (typical). Bootstrap VBU (34) Bootstrap VBV (28) Bootstrap VBW (22) VDD (2) VP (38) GND (1) Sets latch time. For R=2MΩ, C=1nF, latch time is 1.65ms (typical). W (20) V (26) U (32) RCIN(12) NU (17) NV (18) NW (19) Level Shifter HINU (3) HINV (4) HINW (5) LINU (6) LINV (7) LINW (8) Logic TH1 (13) TH2 (14) ITRIP (10) ENABLE (11) Level Shifter VDD Internal Voltage reference Logic Level Shifter Logic VDD undervoltage shutdown FAULT (9) Over current protection Shutdown Figure 2. Compact IPM Series Internal Diagram Three bootstrap circuits generate the voltage needed for driving the high‐side IGBTs. The boost diodes are internal to the part and sourced from VDD (15V). There is an internal level shift circuit for the high‐side drive signals allowing all control signals to be driven directly from GND levels common with the control circuit such as the microcontroller without requiring external isolation with optocouplers. www.onsemi.com 2 AND9390/D 3. Performance test guidelines The methods used to test some datasheet parameters are shown in Figures 3 to 7. 3.1. Switching time definition and performance test method trr 10% 90% VCE 90% 10% Io td(ON) 10% td(OFF) tr tf tOFF tON IN Figure 3. Switching Time Definition Ex) Low side U phase VBU VBS=15V VP U VBV VBS=15V V U VBW VBS=15V VCC CS W VDD VDD=15V Io ENABLE Input signal NU LINU GND ITRIP Figure 4. Evaluation Circuit (Inductive load) IPM HINU HINV HINW VP Ho CS LINU LINV LINW Input signal Driver VCC U,V,W Lo Io NU NV NW Input signal Io Figure 5. Switching Loss Measurement Circuit www.onsemi.com 3 AND9390/D IPM HINU HINV HINW VP Ho CS Driver LINU LINV LINW Input signal VCC U,V,W Lo Io NU NV NW Input signal Io Figure 6. Reverse Bias Safe Operating Area Measurement Circuit IPM HINU HINV HINW VP Ho CS Driver LINU LINV LINW Input signal VCC U,V,W Lo Io NU NV NW Input signal Io Figure 7. Short Circuit Safe Operating Area Measurement Circuit www.onsemi.com 4 AND9390/D 3.2. Thermistor Characteristics The TH1 and TH2 pins are connected to a thermistor mounted on the module substrate. The thermistor is used to sense the internal substrate temperature. It has the following characteristics. Parameter Resistance Resistance Symbol R25 Condition Tc=25°C Min 99 Typ. 100 R100 Tc=100°C 5.18 5.38 Temperature Range -40 Max 101 Unit kΩ 5.60 kΩ +125 °C Table 2. NTC Thermistor Specification Thermistor resistance value ‐ Case temperature Thermistor resistance value[kΩ] 10000 min 1000 typ max 100 10 1 -50 0 50 100 150 Case temperature [˚C] Figure 8. NTC Thermistor Resistance versus Temperature www.onsemi.com 5 AND9390/D Tc [°C] ‐40 ‐39 ‐38 ‐37 ‐36 ‐35 ‐34 ‐33 ‐32 ‐31 ‐30 ‐29 ‐28 ‐27 ‐26 ‐25 ‐24 ‐23 ‐22 ‐21 ‐20 ‐19 ‐18 ‐17 ‐16 ‐15 ‐14 ‐13 ‐12 ‐11 ‐10 ‐9 ‐8 ‐7 ‐6 ‐5 ‐4 ‐3 ‐2 ‐1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Resistance value [kΩ] Min Typ Max 4191.52 4397.12 4612.34 3904.30 4092.87 4290.13 3638.69 3811.72 3992.58 3392.92 3551.75 3717.65 3165.38 3311.24 3463.47 2954.60 3088.60 3228.35 2759.25 2882.40 3010.74 2578.10 2691.31 2809.21 2410.02 2514.14 2622.49 2253.99 2349.78 2449.39 2109.07 2197.23 2288.84 1974.40 2055.56 2139.84 1849.20 1923.93 2001.49 1732.73 1801.57 1872.97 1624.34 1687.77 1753.51 1523.41 1581.88 1642.43 1429.20 1483.10 1538.88 1341.42 1391.11 1442.51 1259.58 1305.41 1352.78 1183.25 1225.53 1269.20 1112.02 1151.04 1191.30 1045.53 1081.54 1118.67 983.42 1016.66 1050.92 925.39 956.08 987.69 871.14 899.48 928.65 820.40 846.58 873.51 772.93 797.11 821.97 728.49 750.83 773.79 686.88 707.52 728.72 647.89 666.97 686.55 611.35 628.99 647.07 577.04 593.34 610.04 544.86 559.93 575.36 514.67 528.60 542.85 486.34 499.21 512.38 459.73 471.63 483.79 434.77 445.77 457.01 411.31 421.48 431.86 389.25 398.65 408.25 368.50 377.19 386.06 348.97 357.01 365.20 330.58 338.01 345.57 313.25 320.12 327.11 296.94 303.29 309.74 281.57 287.43 293.39 267.08 272.50 278.00 253.42 258.43 263.50 240.54 245.16 249.84 228.39 232.65 236.97 216.91 220.85 224.83 206.08 209.71 213.38 195.85 199.20 202.58 186.18 189.27 192.38 177.05 179.89 182.76 168.41 171.03 173.67 160.24 162.65 165.08 Tc [°C] 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 Resistance value [kΩ] Min Typ Max 152.51 154.73 156.96 145.20 147.23 149.28 138.27 140.14 142.02 131.72 133.43 135.16 125.51 127.08 128.66 119.63 121.07 122.51 114.05 115.37 116.69 108.77 109.97 111.17 103.75 104.85 105.95 99.00 100.00 101.00 94.40 95.40 96.40 90.04 91.03 92.03 85.90 86.89 87.88 81.97 82.96 83.94 78.25 79.22 80.20 74.71 75.68 76.65 71.35 72.31 73.27 68.16 69.10 70.05 65.13 66.06 67.00 62.25 63.17 64.09 59.51 60.42 61.33 56.91 57.80 58.70 54.43 55.31 56.19 52.07 52.93 53.80 49.83 50.68 51.53 47.70 48.53 49.37 45.67 46.48 47.31 43.73 44.53 45.34 41.89 42.67 43.47 40.13 40.90 41.68 38.46 39.21 39.98 36.86 37.60 38.35 35.34 36.06 36.80 33.89 34.60 35.31 32.50 33.19 33.90 31.18 31.86 32.55 29.92 30.58 31.26 28.72 29.37 30.03 27.57 28.20 28.85 26.47 27.09 27.72 25.42 26.03 26.64 24.42 25.01 25.62 23.46 24.04 24.63 22.55 23.11 23.69 21.67 22.22 22.79 20.84 21.37 21.92 20.04 20.56 21.10 19.27 19.78 20.31 18.54 19.04 19.55 17.83 18.32 18.82 17.16 17.64 18.13 16.52 16.99 17.46 15.91 16.36 16.83 15.32 15.76 16.21 14.75 15.18 15.63 14.21 14.63 15.06 Tc [°C] 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 Table 3. NTC Thermistor Resistance Values www.onsemi.com 6 Resistance value [kΩ] Min Typ Max 13.69 14.10 14.52 13.19 13.59 14.00 12.71 13.10 13.51 12.25 12.64 13.03 11.81 12.19 12.57 11.39 11.76 12.13 10.99 11.34 11.71 10.60 10.95 11.30 10.23 10.57 10.91 9.87 10.20 10.54 9.53 9.85 10.18 9.20 9.51 9.83 8.88 9.18 9.50 8.57 8.87 9.18 8.28 8.57 8.87 8.00 8.28 8.58 7.73 8.01 8.29 7.47 7.74 8.02 7.22 7.48 7.75 6.98 7.23 7.50 6.75 7.00 7.26 6.52 6.77 7.02 6.31 6.55 6.80 6.10 6.34 6.58 5.90 6.13 6.37 5.71 5.93 6.17 5.53 5.74 5.97 5.35 5.56 5.78 5.18 5.38 5.60 5.01 5.21 5.42 4.85 5.05 5.26 4.70 4.89 5.09 4.55 4.74 4.94 4.41 4.59 4.79 4.27 4.45 4.64 4.14 4.32 4.50 4.01 4.18 4.36 3.89 4.06 4.23 3.77 3.93 4.10 3.66 3.82 3.98 3.55 3.70 3.86 3.44 3.59 3.75 3.33 3.48 3.64 3.24 3.38 3.53 3.14 3.28 3.43 3.05 3.19 3.33 2.96 3.09 3.23 2.87 3.00 3.14 2.79 2.92 3.05 2.71 2.83 2.96 2.63 2.75 2.88 2.55 2.67 2.80 2.48 2.60 2.72 2.41 2.52 2.64 AND9390/D 4. Protection functions This chapter describes the protection functions. Over‐current protection Short circuit protection Under voltage lockout (UVLO) protection Cross conduction prevention 4.1. Over‐current protection Compact IPM series modules use an external shunt resistor for the OCP functionality. As shown in Figure 9, the emitters of all three low‐side IGBTs are brought out to module pins. The external OCP circuit consists of a shunt resistor and a RC filter network. If the application uses three separate shunts, an op‐amp circuit is used to monitor the three separate shunts and provide an over‐current signal. IPM VP U V W GND ITRIP Driver Shunt Over current protection circuit NU NV NW Figure 9. Over‐current Protection Circuit The OCP function is implemented by comparing the ITRIP input voltage with an internal reference voltage of 0.49V (typ). If the voltage on this terminal exceeds the trip level, an OCP fault is triggered. This voltage is the same as the voltage across the shunt resistor. Note: The current value of the OCP needs to be set by correctly sizing the external shunt resistor to less than the module’s maximum current rating. When an OCP fault is detected, all internal gate drive signals for the IGBTs become inactive and the fault signal output is activated. The FAULT signal has an open drain output, so when there is a fault, the output is pulled low. A RC filter is used on the ITRIP input to prevent an erroneous OCP detection due to normal switching noise or recovery diode current. The time constant of that RC filter should be set to a value between 1.5μs to 2μs. In any case the time constant must be shorter than the IGBTs short current safe operating area (SCSOA). Please refer to Data Sheet for SCSOA. The resulting OCP level due to the filter time constant is shown in Figure 10. www.onsemi.com 7 AND9390/D Figure 10. Filter Time Constant For optimal performance all traces around the shunt resistor need to be kept as short as possible. Figure 11 shows the sequence of events in case of an OCP event. Figure 11. Overcurrent Protection Timing Diagram www.onsemi.com 8 AND9390/D 4.2. Under Voltage Lockout Protection The UVLO protection is designed to prevent unexpected operating behavior as described in Table 4. Both High‐side and Low‐side have undervoltage protection. The low‐side UVLO condition is indicated on the FAULT output. During the low‐side UVLO state the FAULT output is continuously driven low. A high‐side UVLO condition is not indicated on the FAULT output. VDD Voltage (typ. Value) Operation behavior < 12.5V As the voltage is lower than the UVLO threshold the control circuit is not fully turned on. A perfect functionality cannot be guaranteed. 12.5 V – 13.5 V IGBTs can work, however conduction and switching losses increase due to low voltage gate signal. 13.5 V – 16.5 V Recommended conditions 16.5 V – 20.0 V IGBTs can work. Switching speed is faster and saturation current higher, increasing short-circuit broken risk. > 20.0 V Control circuit is destroyed. Absolute max. rating is 20 V. Table 4. Module Operation according to VDD Voltage The sequence of events in case of a low‐side UVLO event (IGBTs turned off and active fault output) is shown in Figure 12. Figure 13 shows the same for a high‐side UVLO (IGBTs turned off but no fault output). Figure 12. Low‐side UVLO Timing Diagram www.onsemi.com 9 AND9390/D Figure 13. High‐side UVLO Timing Diagram 4.3. Cross‐conduction prevention The Compact IPM series implements cross‐conduction prevention logic at the gate driver to avoid simultaneous drive of the low‐side and high‐side IGBTs as shown in Figure 14. Figure 14. Cross‐conduction Prevention www.onsemi.com 10 AND9390/D If both high‐side and low‐side drive inputs are active (HIGH) the logic prevents both gates from being driven as shown in Figure 15 below. HIN LIN Shoot-Through Prevention HVG Normal operation Normal operation LVG VDD Fault output Keeping high level output ( No Fault output ) Figure 15. Cross‐conduction Prevention Timing Diagram Even if cross‐conduction on the IGBTs due to incorrect external driving signals is prevented by the circuitry, the driving signals (HIN and LIN) need to include a “dead time”. This period where both inputs are inactive between either one becoming active is required due to the internal delays within the IGBTs. Figure 16 shows the delay from the HIN‐input via the internal high‐side gate driver to high‐side IGBT, the delay from the LIN‐input via the internal low‐side gate driver to low‐side IGBT and the resulting minimum dead time which is equal to the potential shoot through period: Figure 16. Shoot‐through Period www.onsemi.com 11 AND9390/D 5. PCB design and mounting guidelines This chapter provides guidelines for an optimized design and PCB layout as well as module mounting recommendations to appropriately handle and assemble the IPM. 5.1. Application (schematic) design Figure 17 gives an overview of the external components and circuits when designing with the Compact IPM series modules. Noise filter & low imp edance HF path 1 VDD 20kΩ Signal GND 2MΩ 200Ω 10nF 1nF Low pass filte r for prevention of malfunction due to no ise U Co mpara to r V V Noise filter & low imp edance HF path NU NV NW VBW W W 20 Shunt 19 U VBV Signal GND Signal GND Sign al GND and Po we r G ND sh ould be connected at o ne point (not soli d p attern). Power GND VBU Vz < 18V 20kΩ 100pF DC IN 470nF/630V snubber 33uF/25V HINU HINV HINW LINU LINV LINW Pull-up 38 VP GND VDD HINU HINV HINW LI NU LINV LINW FAULT ITRIP ENABLE RCIN TH1 TH2 Signal GND 100Ω Limit surge voltage and overvoltage from ring ing 100nF/25V Vz < 18V 100uF/25V +15V 100nF/25V Pre ven tion of ove rvo ltag e caused by surge voltage Pre ven tion of ove rvo ltag e caused by surge voltage Power GND Figure 17. Compact IPM series application circuit To Motor ‐ The voltage of VB and VS fluctuates during the switching Operation. This trace should not cross to the control input line: this prevents interference. U VBU VBV V W VBW Snubber capacitor should be placed very close to the module pin. Power supply VP ‐ Capacitor and Zener diode should be placed very close to the module pin. + + + + Snubber C TH2 TH1 RCIN ENABLE ITRIP FAULT LINW LINV LINU HINW HINV HINU VDD GND Power GND Signal GND and Power GND should be connected close to the shunt resistor at one point (not solid pattern). Signal GND + NU NW The wiring between NU/NV/NW terminal and the shunt resistor should be as short as possible for preventing the fluctuation of over‐current‐protection level. Shunt resistor NV +15V Capacitor and Zener diode should be placed very close to the module pin. Control signal input RF Comparator CF These capacitors for ITRIP and RCIN should be connected to Signal GND. * Fault, Enable, TH1, TH2: Layout not shown here Figure 18. Compact IPM recommended layout www.onsemi.com 12 AND9390/D 5.2. Pin by pin design and usage notes This section provides pin by pin PCB layout recommendations and usage notes. A complete list of module pins is given in Chapter 6. VP DC Power supply terminal for the inverter block. Voltage spikes could be caused by NU, NV, NW longer traces to these terminals due to the trace inductance, therefore traces are recommended to be as short as possible. In addition a snubber capacitor should be connected as close as possible to the VP terminal to stabilize the voltage and absorb voltage surges. U, V, W These are the output pins for connecting the 3‐phase motor. They share the same GND potential with each of the high‐side control power supplies. Therefore they are also used to connect the GND of the bootstrap capacitors. These bootstrap capacitors should be placed as close to the module as possible. VDD, GND These pins provide power to the low‐side gate drivers, the protection circuits and the bootstrap circuits. The voltage between these terminals is monitored by the UVLO circuit. The GND terminal is the reference voltage for the input control signals. VBU, VBV The VBx pins are internally connected to the positive supply of the high‐side drivers. VBW The supply needs to be floating and electrically isolated. The boot‐strap circuit shown in Figure 19 forms this power supply individually for every phase. Due to integrated boot FET only an external boot capacitor (CB) is required. CB is charged when the following two conditions are met. ① Low‐side signal is input ② Motor terminal voltage is low level The capacitor is discharged while the high‐side driver is activated. Thus CB needs to be selected taking the maximum on time of the high‐side and the switching frequency into account. CB Boot FET Driver Driver VDD Figure 19. Bootstrap Circuit www.onsemi.com 13 AND9390/D The voltages on the high‐side drivers are individually monitored by the under voltage protection circuit. If there is a UVLO fault on any given phase, the output on that phase is disabled. Typically a CB value of less or equal 47uF (±20%) is used. In case the CB value needs to be higher, an external resistor (20Ω or less) should be used in series with the capacitor to avoid high currents which can cause malfunction of the IPM. HINU, LINU HINV, LINV HINW, LINW These pins are the control inputs for the power stages. The inputs on HINU/HINV/HINW control the high‐side transistors of U/V/W, the inputs on LINU/LINV/LINW control the low‐side transistors of U/V/W respectively. The input logic is active HIGH. An external microcontroller can directly drive these inputs without need for isolation Simultaneous activation of both low‐side and high‐side is prevented internally to avoid shoot through at the power stage. However, due to IGBT switching delays the control signals must include a dead‐time. The equivalent input stage circuit is shown in Figure 20. IN 5.5kΩ GND Figure 20. Internal Input Circuit The output might not respond when the width of the input pulse is less than 1µs (both ON and OFF). Note: After applying VDD, it is necessary to input the low‐side signal for starting the operation. FAULT The Fault pin is an active low output (open‐drain output). It is used to indicate an internal fault condition of the module. The structure is shown in Figure 21. The sink current of IoSD during an active fault is nominal 2mA @ 0.1V. Depending on the interface supply voltage, the external pull‐up resistor (RP) needs to be selected to set the low voltage below the VIL trip level. For the commonly used supplies : Pull up voltage = 15V ‐> RP >= 20kΩ Pull up voltage = 5V ‐> RP>= 6.8kΩ www.onsemi.com 14 AND9390/D VDD RP FAULT GND Figure 21. Fault Connection For a detailed description of the fault operation refer to Chapter 4. Note: The Fault signal does not permanently latch. After the protection event ended, and the fault clear time(1.65ms) passed, the module's operation is re‐started by inputting the low‐side signal. Therefore the input needs to be driven low externally activated as soon as a fault is detected. This pin is used to enable an OCP function. When the voltage of this pin exceeds a reference voltage, the OCP function operates. For details of the OCP operation refer to Chapter 4. ITRIP ENABLE TH1,TH2 RCIN Enable pin has shutdown function of the internal gate driver. The gate driver operates when the voltage of this pin is at 2.5V or more, and stops at 0.8V or less. This pin can also be connected to the FAULT pin directly. An internal thermistor to sense the substrate temperature is connected between TH1 and TH2. By connecting an external pull‐up resistor to either of TH1 and TH2, and shorting the other and GND, the module temperature can be monitored. Please refer to heading 3.2 for details of the thermistor. Note: This is the only means to monitor the substrate temperature indirectly. This pin is used to set the fault clear time. STK5Q4U3xxJ series By connecting the resistor RF versus VDD and the capacitor CF versus GND, the fault clear time can be set. In condition that RF is 2MΩ and CF is 1nF, the fault clear time is 1.65ms. VDD RF Pre‐ Driver IC RCIN CF GND Figure 22. RCIN circuit (STK5Q4U3xxJ series) To shorten the fault clear time, reduce the value of RF or CF. www.onsemi.com 15 AND9390/D STK5C4U332J‐E The resistor and the capacitor for setting the fault clear time are built‐in as shown in Figure 23. It is recommended to leave this pin open. In that case, the default fault clear time is 2ms. VDD RF Pre‐ Driver IC RCIN GND Figure 23. RCIN circuit (STK5C4U332J‐E) To shorten the fault clear time, connect an external resistor RF between VDD and RCIN. www.onsemi.com 16 AND9390/D 5.3. Heat sink mounting and torque If a heat sink is used, insufficiently secure or inappropriate mounting can lead to a failure of the heat sink to dissipate heat adequately. The following general points should be observed when mounting IPM on a heat sink: 1. Verify the following points related to the heat sink: There must be no burrs on aluminum or copper heat sinks. Screw holes must be countersunk. There must be no unevenness in the heat sink surface that contacts IPM. There must be no contamination on the heat sink surface that contacts IPM. 2. Highly thermal conductive silicone grease needs to be applied to the whole back (aluminum substrate side) uniformly, and mount IPM on a heat sink. If the device is removed, grease must be applied again. 3. For a good contact between the IPM and the heat sink, the mounting screws should be tightened gradually and sequentially while a left/right balance in pressure is maintained. Either a bind head screw or a truss head screw is recommended. Please do not use tapping screw. We recommend using a flat washer in order to prevent slack. The standard heat sink mounting condition of the Compact IPM series is as follows. Item Recommended Condition Pitch 26.0±0.1mm (Please refer to Package Outline Diagram) Screw Diameter : M3 Screw head types: pan head, truss head, binding head Washer Heat sink Torque Grease Plane washer dimensions D = 7mm, d = 3.2mm and t = 0.5mm JIS B 1256 Material: Aluminum or Copper Warpage (the surface that contacts IPM ) : 50 to 50 μm Screw holes must be countersunk. No contamination on the heat sink surface that contacts IPM. Temporary tightening : 50 to 60 % of final tightening on first screw Temporary tightening : 50 to 60 % of final tightening on second screw Final tightening : 0.4 to 0.6Nm on first screw Final tightening : 0.4 to 0.6Nm on second screw Silicone grease. Thickness : 50 to 100 μm Uniformly apply silicon grease to whole back. Thermal foils are only recommended after careful evaluation. Thickness, stiffness and compressibility parameters have a strong influence on performance. Table 5. Heat Sink Mounting www.onsemi.com 17 AND9390/D Figure 24. Mount IPM on a Heat Sink Figure 25. Size of Washer Figure 26. Uniform Application of Grease Recommended Steps to mount an IPM on a heat sink 1st: Temporarily tighten maintaining a left/right balance. 2nd : Finally tighten maintaining a left/right balance. 5.4. Mounting and PCB considerations In designs in which the PCB and the heat sink are mounted to the chassis independently, use a mechanical design which avoids a gap between IPM and the heat sink, or which avoids stress to the lead frame of IPM by an assembly that slipping IPM is forcibly fixed to the heat sink with a screw. Figure 27. Fix to Heat Sink Maintain a separation distance of at least 1.5 mm between the IPM case and the PCB. In particular, avoid mounting techniques in which the IPM substrate or case directly contacts the PCB. www.onsemi.com 18 AND9390/D Do not mount IPM with a tilted condition for PCB. This can result in stress being applied to the lead frame and IPM substrate could short out tracks on the PCB. If stress is given by compulsory correction of a lead frame after the mounting, a lead frame may drop out. Since the use of sockets to mount IPM can result in poor contact with IPM leads, we strongly recommend making direct connections to PCB. Mounting on a PCB 1. Align the lead frame with the holes in the PCB and do not use excessive force when inserting the pins into the PCB. To avoid bending the lead frames, do not try to force pins into the PCB unreasonably. 2. Do not insert IPM into PCB with an incorrect orientation, i.e. be sure to prevent reverse insertion. IPMs may be destroyed or suffer a reduction in their operating lifetime by this mistake. 3. Do not bend the lead frame. 5.5. Cleaning IPM has a structure that is unable to withstand cleaning. Do not clean independent IPM or PCBs on which an IPM is mounted. www.onsemi.com 19 AND9390/D 6. Package Outline The package of STK5Q4U3xxJ series is DIPS3 shown in Figure 28. The package of STK5C4U332J‐E is DIPS shown in Figure 29. 6.1. Package outline and dimension STK5Q4U3xxJ series (DIPS3) Unit: mm missing pin: 15,16,21,23,24,25,27 29,30,31,33,35,36,37 note1: No.1 pin identification mark note2: Model number note3: Lot code * The form of a character in this drawing differs from that of IPM. Figure 28. DIPS3 Package Outline www.onsemi.com 20 AND9390/D STK5C4U332J‐E (DIPS) Unit: mm missing pin: 15,16,21,23,24,25,27 29,30,31,33,35,36,37 note1: No.1 pin identification mark note2: Model number note3: Lot code * The form of a character in this drawing differs from that of IPM. Figure 29. DIPS Package Outline Figure 30. Recommended Land Pattern www.onsemi.com 21 AND9390/D 6.2. Pin Out Description Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 17 18 19 20 22 26 28 32 34 38 Name GND VDD HINU HINV HINW LINU LINV LINW FAULT ITRIP ENABLE RCIN TH1 TH2 NU NV NW W VBW V VBV U VBU VP Description Negative Main Power Supply +15V Main Power Supply Logic Input for High‐side Gate Driver ‐ Phase U Logic Input for High‐side Gate Driver ‐ Phase V Logic Input for High‐side Gate Driver ‐ Phase W Logic Input for Low‐side Gate Driver ‐ Phase U Logic Input for Low‐side Gate Driver ‐ Phase V Logic Input for Low‐side Gate Driver ‐ Phase W Fault Output Shut Down Input Enable Input Fault Clear Time Setting Thermistor Thermistor Low‐side Emitter Connection ‐ Phase U Low‐side Emitter Connection ‐ Phase V Low‐side Emitter Connection ‐ Phase W Phase W Output / High‐side Floating Supply Offset Voltage High‐side Floating Supply Voltage ‐ Phase W Phase V Output / High‐side Floating Supply Offset Voltage High‐side Floating Supply Voltage ‐ Phase V Phase U Output / High‐side Floating Supply Offset Voltage High‐side Floating Supply Voltage ‐ Phase U Positive Bus Input Voltage Note: Pins 15, 16, 21, 23, 24, 25, 27, 29, 30, 31, 33, 35, 36, 37 are not present. www.onsemi.com 22 AND9390/D 7. Evaluation Board The evaluation board consists of the minimum required components such as snubber capacitor and bootstrap circuit elements of the Compact IPM series. Evaluation board STK5Q4U3xxJ-E 220uF/35V 1. GND U 2.2uF/630V + - 2. VDD W VDD 0.1uF 22uF/50V 34. VBU + - 32. U 0.1uF V + 470uF/450V 38. VP + - VSS - + + - + - 28. VBV 26. V 3. HINU HIN1 4. HINV HIN2 5. HINW HIN3 6. LINU LIN1 7. LINV LIN2 8. LINW 100Ω 100pF 22. VBW VEXT 20. W 20kΩ 2MΩ 9. FAULT Fault 10. ITRIP Shunt resistor - LIN3 19. NW ITRIP 11. ENABLE ENABLE 12. RCIN 18. NV RCIN 13. TH1 17. NU 14. TH2 TH 1nF 200Ω 10nF Figure 31. Evaluation Board Schematic Length : 124mm Side : 170mm Thickness : 1.6mm Rigid double‐sided substrate Material : FR‐4 Copper foil thickness : 70um Both sides with resist coating Figure 32. Photo of Evaluation Board www.onsemi.com 23 AND9390/D Top side Back side Figure 33. PCB Layout (TOP view) Figure 34. Description of each Pin ( figure 1 of 2) www.onsemi.com 24 AND9390/D Figure 35. Description of each Pin ( figure 2 of 2) Figure 36. Connection Example www.onsemi.com 25 AND9390/D Operating procedure Step1: Connect IPM, the three power supplies, logic parts, inductor and the motor to the evaluation board, and confirm that each power supply is OFF at this time. Step2: Apply DC15V to VDD and the logic I/O voltage to VEXT. Step3: Perform a voltage setup according to specifications, and apply HV DC power supply between “+” and “‐“. Step4: The IPM will start when signals are applied. The low‐side inputs must be switched on first to charge up the bootstrap capacitors. Note : When turning off the power supply part and the logic part, please carry out in the reverse order to above steps. ON Semiconductor and the ON Semiconductor logo are trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC dba ON Semiconductor or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. 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