Digital Power Starter Kit User’s Guide 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. DS52078A Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices: • Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet. • Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the intended manner and under normal conditions. • There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip’s Data Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property. • Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code. • Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not mean that we are guaranteeing the product as “unbreakable.” Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our products. Attempts to break Microchip’s code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act. Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is provided only for your convenience and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications. MICROCHIP MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WRITTEN OR ORAL, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, RELATED TO THE INFORMATION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ITS CONDITION, QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR PURPOSE. Microchip disclaims all liability arising from this information and its use. Use of Microchip devices in life support and/or safety applications is entirely at the buyer’s risk, and the buyer agrees to defend, indemnify and hold harmless Microchip from any and all damages, claims, suits, or expenses resulting from such use. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any Microchip intellectual property rights. Trademarks The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, dsPIC, KEELOQ, KEELOQ logo, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICSTART, PIC32 logo, rfPIC and UNI/O are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. FilterLab, Hampshire, HI-TECH C, Linear Active Thermistor, MXDEV, MXLAB, SEEVAL and The Embedded Control Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Application Maestro, chipKIT, chipKIT logo, CodeGuard, dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, dsPICworks, dsSPEAK, ECAN, ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, HI-TIDE, In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPLAB Certified logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, mTouch, Omniscient Code Generation, PICC, PICC-18, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICkit, PICtail, REAL ICE, rfLAB, Select Mode, Total Endurance, TSHARC, UniWinDriver, WiperLock and ZENA are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. © 2012, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the U.S.A., All Rights Reserved. Printed on recycled paper. ISBN: 978-1-62076-353-7 QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CERTIFIED BY DNV == ISO/TS 16949 == DS52078A-page 2 Microchip received ISO/TS-16949:2009 certification for its worldwide headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and Tempe, Arizona; Gresham, Oregon and design centers in California and India. The Company’s quality system processes and procedures are for its PIC® MCUs and dsPIC® DSCs, KEELOQ® code hopping devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals, nonvolatile memory and analog products. In addition, Microchip’s quality system for the design and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001:2000 certified. 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. DS52078A-page 3 Digital Power Starter Kit User’s Guide NOTES: DS52078A-page 4 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. DIGITAL POWER STARTER KIT USER’S GUIDE Safety Notice The following safety notices and operating instructions should be adhered to avoid a safety hazard. If in any doubt, consult your supplier. DANGER – The Digital Power Starter Kit contains two resistive loads that are intended to dissipate power in the form of heat. Depending on the output power level, it is possible for the resistive load to become hot to the touch or to any surface in direct contact with the board. WARNING – The Digital Power Starter Kit should only be installed, operated, serviced or modified by qualified personnel. Any service or modification performed by the user is done at the user’s own risk and voids all warranties. CAUTION – Particular care should be taken during code development as unexpected voltage regulation behavior is possible. Ensure that the power supply connected to the Digital Power Starter Kit is properly protected against overcurrent event caused by code development. General Notices: • The Digital Power Starter Kit is intended for evaluation and development purposes and should only be operated in a normal laboratory environment as defined by IEC 61010-1:2001. • Clean with a dry cloth only. • Operate flat on a bench away from any surface items that might become in contact with the board. Do not move during operation and avoid direct contact with the bottom layer of the board. • The Digital Power Starter Kit should not be connected or operated if there is any apparent damage to the unit. 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. DS52078A-page 5 Digital Power Starter Kit User’s Guide NOTES: DS52078A-page 6 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. DIGITAL POWER STARTER KIT USER’S GUIDE Table of Contents Safety Notice ................................................................................................................. 5 Preface ........................................................................................................................... 9 Chapter 1. Introduction 1.1 Overview ...................................................................................................... 15 1.2 Kit Contents .................................................................................................. 15 1.3 Starter Kit Functionality and Features .......................................................... 16 1.4 Electrical Specifications ................................................................................ 18 Chapter 2. Hardware 2.1 Top Assembly ............................................................................................... 19 2.2 Signal Configuration ..................................................................................... 21 2.3 Application Components .............................................................................. 22 2.4 Board Connectors ........................................................................................ 23 2.5 Indicators and Human Interfaces ................................................................. 23 2.6 Test Points ................................................................................................... 24 2.7 Power Rating of Converter Stages ............................................................... 25 2.8 Programmer/Debugger ................................................................................. 26 Chapter 3. Demonstration Program Operation 3.1 Program Demonstration ............................................................................... 27 3.2 Code Demonstration .................................................................................... 29 3.3 Other Code Examples .................................................................................. 29 Appendix A. Board Layout and Schematics.............................................................. 31 Worldwide Sales and Service .................................................................................... 38 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. DS52078A-page 7 Digital Power Starter Kit User’s Guide NOTES: DS52078A-page 8 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. DIGITAL POWER STARTER KIT USER’S GUIDE Preface NOTICE TO CUSTOMERS All documentation becomes dated, and this manual is no exception. Microchip tools and documentation are constantly evolving to meet customer needs, so some actual dialogs and/ or tool descriptions may differ from those in this document. Please refer to our web site (www.microchip.com) to obtain the latest documentation available. Documents are identified with a “DS” number. This number is located on the bottom of each page, in front of the page number. The numbering convention for the DS number is “DSXXXXXA”, where “XXXXX” is the document number and “A” is the revision level of the document. For the most up-to-date information on development tools, see the MPLAB® IDE on-line help. Select the Help menu, and then Topics to open a list of available on-line help files. INTRODUCTION This preface contains general information that will be useful to know before using the Digital Power Starter Kit. Topics discussed in this preface include: • • • • • • • • Document Layout Conventions Used in this Guide Warranty Registration Recommended Reading The Microchip Web Site Development Systems Customer Change Notification Service Customer Support Document Revision History DOCUMENT LAYOUT This user’s guide provides an overview of the Digital Power Starter Kit. The document is organized as follows: • Chapter 1. “Introduction” – This chapter introduces the Digital Power Starter Kit and provides a brief overview of its features. • Chapter 2. “Hardware” – This chapter describes the board layout and the main components of the Digital Power Starter Kit. • Chapter 3. “Demonstration Program Operation” – This chapter describes the demonstration software that is preloaded on the device that accompanies the Digital Power Starter Kit. • Appendix A. “Board Layout and Schematics” – This appendix provides diagrams of the hardware layout, as well as schematic diagrams for the Digital Power Starter Kit. 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. DS52078A-page 9 Digital Power Starter Kit User’s Guide CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS GUIDE This manual uses the following documentation conventions: DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS Description Arial font: Italic characters Initial caps Quotes Underlined, italic text with right angle bracket Bold characters N‘Rnnnn Text in angle brackets < > Courier New font: Plain Courier New Represents Examples Referenced books Emphasized text A window A dialog A menu selection A field name in a window or dialog A menu path MPLAB® IDE User’s Guide ...is the only compiler... the Output window the Settings dialog select Enable Programmer “Save project before build” A dialog button A tab A number in verilog format, where N is the total number of digits, R is the radix and n is a digit. A key on the keyboard Click OK Click the Power tab 4‘b0010, 2‘hF1 Italic Courier New Sample source code Filenames File paths Keywords Command-line options Bit values Constants A variable argument Square brackets [ ] Optional arguments Curly braces and pipe character: { | } Ellipses... Choice of mutually exclusive arguments; an OR selection Replaces repeated text Represents code supplied by user File>Save Press <Enter>, <F1> #define START autoexec.bat c:\mcc18\h _asm, _endasm, static -Opa+, -Opa0, 1 0xFF, ‘A’ file.o, where file can be any valid filename mcc18 [options] file [options] errorlevel {0|1} var_name [, var_name...] void main (void) { ... } WARRANTY REGISTRATION Please complete the enclosed Warranty Registration Card and mail it promptly. Sending in the Warranty Registration Card entitles users to receive new product updates. Interim software releases are available at the Microchip web site. DS52078A-page 10 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. Preface RECOMMENDED READING This user’s guide describes how to use the Digital Power Starter Kit. The device-specific data sheets contain current information on programming the specific microcontroller or digital signal controller devices. The following Microchip documents are available and recommended as supplemental reference resources: MPLAB® C Compiler for PIC24 MCUs and dsPIC® DSCs User’s Guide (DS51284) This comprehensive guide describes the usage, operation and features of Microchip’s MPLAB C compiler (formerly MPLAB C30) for use with 16-bit devices. MPLAB® IDE User’s Guide (DS51519) This user’s guide describes how to set up the MPLAB IDE software and use it to create projects and program devices. MPLAB X IDE User’s Guide (DS52027) This document describes how to set up the MPLAB X IDE software and use it to create projects and program devices. Readme Files For the latest information on using the Digital Power Starter Kit Board, read the Readme.txt text file in the Readme subdirectory of the MPLAB IDE installation directory from the Digital Power Starter Kit code example. The Readme file contains update information and known issues that may not be included in this user’s guide. dsPIC33FJ06GS001/101A/102A/202A and dsPIC33FJ09GS302 Data Sheet (DS75018) Refer to this document for detailed information on this family of dsPIC33F SMPS Digital Signal Controllers (DSCs). Reference information found in this data sheet includes: • • • • Device memory maps Device pinout and packaging details Device electrical specifications List of peripherals included on the devices dsPIC33F/PIC24H Family Reference Manual Sections Family Reference Manual (FRM) sections are available, which explain the operation of the dsPIC® DSC and PIC24H MCU family architecture and peripheral modules. The specifics of each device family are discussed in the individual family’s device data sheet. dsPIC33F Flash Programming Specification for Devices with Volatile Configuration Bits (DS70659) Refer to this document for information on instruction sets and firmware development. Microchip SMPS Resources • AN1114 “Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS) Topologies (Part I)” (DS01114) • AN1207 “Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS) Topologies (Part II)” (DS01207) • TB062 “Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About dsPIC® DSC SMPS Devices” (DS93062) To obtain any of these documents, visit the Microchip web site at www.microchip.com. 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. DS52078A-page 11 Digital Power Starter Kit User’s Guide THE MICROCHIP WEB SITE Microchip provides online support via our web site at www.microchip.com. This web site is used as a means to make files and information easily available to customers. Accessible by using your favorite Internet browser, the web site contains the following information: • Product Support – Data sheets and errata, application notes and sample programs, design resources, user’s guides and hardware support documents, latest software releases and archived software • General Technical Support – Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs), technical support requests, online discussion groups, Microchip consultant program member listing • Business of Microchip – Product selector and ordering guides, latest Microchip press releases, listing of seminars and events, listings of Microchip sales offices, distributors and factory representatives DEVELOPMENT SYSTEMS CUSTOMER CHANGE NOTIFICATION SERVICE Microchip’s customer notification service helps keep customers current on Microchip products. Subscribers will receive e-mail notification whenever there are changes, updates, revisions or errata related to a specified product family or development tool of interest. To register, access the Microchip web site at www.microchip.com, click on Customer Change Notification and follow the registration instructions. The Development Systems product group categories are: • Compilers – The latest information on Microchip C compilers and other language tools. These include the MPLAB® C compiler; MPASM™ and MPLAB 16-bit assemblers; MPLINK™ and MPLAB 16-bit object linkers; and MPLIB™ and MPLAB 16-bit object librarians. • Emulators – The latest information on the Microchip MPLAB REAL ICE™ in-circuit emulator. • In-Circuit Debuggers – The latest information on the Microchip in-circuit debugger, MPLAB ICD 3. • MPLAB IDE – The latest information on Microchip MPLAB IDE, the Windows® Integrated Development Environment for development systems tools. This list is focused on the MPLAB IDE, MPLAB SIM simulator, MPLAB IDE Project Manager and general editing and debugging features. • Programmers – The latest information on Microchip programmers. These include the MPLAB PM3 device programmer and the PICkit™ 3 development programmers. DS52078A-page 12 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. Preface CUSTOMER SUPPORT Users of Microchip products can receive assistance through several channels: • • • • Distributor or Representative Local Sales Office Field Application Engineer (FAE) Technical Support Customers should contact their distributor, representative or field application engineer (FAE) for support. Local sales offices are also available to help customers. A listing of sales offices and locations is included in the back of this document. Technical support is available through the web site at: http://support.microchip.com DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY Revision A (June 2012) This is the initial released version of the document. 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. DS52078A-page 13 Digital Power Starter Kit User’s Guide NOTES: DS52078A-page 14 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. DIGITAL POWER STARTER KIT USER’S GUIDE Chapter 1. Introduction This chapter introduces the Digital Power Starter Kit and provides an overview of its features. The topics covered include: • Kit Contents • Starter Kit Functionality and Features • Electrical Specifications 1.1 OVERVIEW Modern power supplies are becoming smaller, more efficient, more flexible and less expensive. These desirable enhancements have come about as Digital Signal Controllers (DSCs) are incorporated into Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS) designs. The board provided in the kit is intended to introduce and demonstrate the capabilities and features of Microchip SMPS families of devices. The Digital Power Starter Kit features an on-board programmer/debugger, which eliminates the need for any additional programmer or hardware interface. The software for the demonstration application that is preprogrammed into the onboard dsPIC33F Digital Signal Controller (DSC) is available for download from the Microchip web site at: http://www.microchip.com. Note: 1.2 Refer to the Readme file provided with the Digital Power Starter Kit demonstration software for instructions on how to run the demonstration application. Refer to the Information Sheet that is provided with the starter kit package for additional resources and instructions on how to use the starter kit for programming and debugging application software. KIT CONTENTS The Digital Power Starter Kit contains the following: • Digital Power Starter Kit Board • 9V Power Supply • USB Cable Note: 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. If you are missing any part of the kit, contact a Microchip sales office for assistance. A list of worldwide Microchip offices for sales and service is provided at the end of this document. DS52078A-page 15 Digital Power Starter Kit User’s Guide 1.3 STARTER KIT FUNCTIONALITY AND FEATURES The Digital Power Starter Kit is a power supply board that consists of one independent DC/DC synchronous Buck converter and one independent DC/DC Boost converter. Figure 1-1 illustrates a high-level block diagram of the Starter Kit. The Digital Power Starter Kit provides closed-loop Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control in the software to maintain the desired output voltage level. The dsPIC® DSC device provides the necessary memory and peripherals for A/D conversion, PWM generation, analog comparison and general purpose I/O, preventing the need to perform these functions in external circuitry. SMPS dsPIC DSC devices are specifically designed to provide low-cost and efficient control for a wide range of power supply topologies. The specialized peripherals facilitate closed-loop feedback control of switch mode power supplies, providing communication for remote monitoring and supervisory control. The dsPIC33F SMPS family of devices provide the following features: • Integrated program and data memory on a single chip • Ultra-fast interrupt response time with interrupt priority logic • Up to 2 Msps, on-chip ADC with Successive Approximation Register (SAR), and three Sample-and-Hold (S&H) circuits. • Three independent, high-resolution PWM generators, specially designed to support different power topologies • Two high-speed analog comparators for control loop implementation and system protection • On-chip system communications (I2C™/SPI/UART) • On-chip fast RC oscillator for lower system cost • High-current sink/source for PWM pins (16 mA/16 mA) • CPU performance (40 MIPS) • Extensive power-saving features FIGURE 1-1: DIGITAL POWER STARTER KIT SYSTEM DIAGRAM VIN VIN Current Sense Buck AN0 Vin_FB AN4 VDD 5k 5k AN5 AN6 RB8 SW1 Temperature Sensor USB PC On-Board Debugger DS52078A-page 16 AN7 dsPIC33FJ09GS302 PWM1H Resistive Load VFB Buck PWM1L AN1 VFB Buck PWM2H VIN Current Sense Boost AN2 AN3 Resistive Load VFB Boost PWM4H PWM2L VFB Boost LCD Voltage/Current/ Temperature/Fault 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. Introduction 1.3.1 • • • • • • Power Stages One synchronous Buck converter power stage One Boost converter power stage Voltage/current measurement and display for digital controlled Buck converter Voltage/current measurement and display for digital controlled Boost converter MOSFET controlled 5W resistive load on Buck Converter Output (BUCK_Out) MOSFET controlled 5W resistive load on Boost Converter Output (BOOST_Out) 1.3.2 Additional Features • 5 kOhm Potentiometers (P1 and P2), used to adjust the duty cycle of the load resistors • On-board temperature sensor, located near the resistive load; this enables the user to program a temperature protection limit • Input voltage sense, used to detect under/overvoltage conditions • Connector for PICkit Serial Analyzer (J3) • LED power-on indicator (D1) • LED output voltage indicators (D5 and D12) • LCD used to display voltage, current, temperature and Fault conditions 1.3.3 Starter Kit Power • +9V power connector (J2) supplies power to the Digital Power Starter Kit • USB connection jack (J5) supplies power/connection to the on-board debugger • Buck and Boost converters are both operated in Voltage mode (default), but can also be reprogrammed to operate in Average Current or Peak Current Control mode 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. DS52078A-page 17 Digital Power Starter Kit User’s Guide 1.4 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS TABLE 1-1: DC INPUT RATING (J2) Parameter Minimum Typical Maximum Unit Voltage 7.0 9 11 V Current 1 — — A Maximum Unit TABLE 1-2: BUCK CONVERTER ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS Parameter Minimum Typical Output Voltage (default programmed) — 3.3 — V Output Voltage (programmable range) 1.2 — 4.5 V Output Voltage Ripple — 50 — mV (pk-pk) Output Current — — 1.5 A Load Regulation: VOUT = 3.3V, IOUT = 0.02-1.5A, VIN = 9V — 50 — mV/A Switching Frequency — 350 — kHz Output Power — — 5 W TABLE 1-3: BOOST CONVERTER ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS Parameter Minimum Typical Maximum Unit Output Voltage (default programmed) — 15 — V Output Voltage (programmable range) 11 — 18 V Output Voltage Ripple — 100 — mV (pk-pk) Output Current — — 0.4 A Load Regulation: VOUT = 15V, IOUT = 0.02-0.3A, VIN = 9V — 50 — mV/A Switching Frequency — 350 — kHz Output Power — — 5 W DS52078A-page 18 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. DIGITAL POWER STARTER KIT USER’S GUIDE Chapter 2. Hardware This chapter describes the hardware components of the Digital Power Starter Kit. Topics covered include: • • • • • • • • 2.1 Top Assembly Signal Configuration Application Components Board Connectors Indicators and Human Interfaces Test Points Power Rating of Converter Stages Programmer/Debugger TOP ASSEMBLY The top and bottom assembly of the board is shown in Figure 2-1 and Figure 2-2. Table 2-1 and Table 2-2 provide a description of the components. FIGURE 2-1: DIGITAL POWER STARTER KIT (TOP VIEW) 5 3 1 6 7 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. 8 2 4 DS52078A-page 19 Digital Power Starter Kit User’s Guide TABLE 2-1: DIGITAL POWER STARTER KIT COMPONENTS (TOP) Number Description 1 dsPIC33FJ09GS302 Digital Signal Controller (DSC) (U3) 2 9V Power Connector (J2) 3 2x16 Character LCD 4 Boost Converter Stage 5 Buck Converter Stage 6 Push Button (SW1) 7 Potentiometers (P1 and P2) 8 Voltage Regulator (3.3V) FIGURE 2-2: DIGITAL POWER STARTER KIT (BOTTOM VIEW) 4 2 6 3 5 1 TABLE 2-2: DIGITAL POWER STARTER KIT COMPONENTS (BOTTOM) Number DS52078A-page 20 Description 1 Voltage Regulator (5V) 2 On-Board Programmer/Debugger 3 Programmer/Debugger USB Connector (J5) 4 Buck Converter Resistive Load 5 Boost Converter Resistive Load 6 On-Board Temperature Sensor 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. Hardware 2.2 SIGNAL CONFIGURATION Table 2-3 provides a full list of the dsPIC33FJ09GS302 DSC connections and a brief functional description of the pins used in the Digital Power Starter Kit. TABLE 2-3: dsPIC33FJ09GS302 CONFIGURATION DETAILS dsPIC33FJ09GS302 Digital Power Starter Kit Signal Label Description/Function Pin # Device Pin Name ICSP_MCLR_VPP_Target 1 MCLR Master Clear (Reset) Input CS_BUCK 2 AN0/CMP1A/RA0 Analog – Buck Current Sense VFB_BUCK 3 AN1/CMP1B/RA1 Analog – Buck Voltage Feedback CS_BOOST 4 AN2/CMP1C/CMP2A/RA2 Analog – Boost Current Sense VFB_BOOST 5 AN3/CMP1D/CMP2B/RP0/CN0/RB0 Analog – Boost Voltage Feedback VIN_FB 6 AN4/ISRC4/CMP2C/RP9/CN9/RB9 Analog – Input Voltage Feedback EXT POT2 7 AN5/ISRC3/CMP2D/RP10/CN10/RB10 Analog – 5k Potentiometer — 8 VSS Ground EXT POT1 9 OSC1/CLKI/AN6/ISRC2/RP1/CN1/RB1 Analog – 5k Potentiometer Temp_Sensor 10 OSC2/CLKO/AN7/ISRC1//RP2/CN2/RB2 Analog – Temperature Sensor PGD2 11 PGED2/DACOUT/INT0/RP3/CN3/RB3 Data I/O pin for programming/ debugging Communication Channel 2 PGC2 12 PGEC2/EXTREF/RP4/CN4/RB4 Clock Input pin for programming/ debugging Communication Channel 2 13 VDD Positive Supply for peripheral logic and I/O pins SW 14 PGED3/RP8/CN8/RB8 SW1 Push Button LCD_Reset 15 PGEC3/RP15/CN15/RB15 LCD Active-Low Reset Signal LCD_RSelect 16 TDO/RP5/CN5/RB5 LCD Register Select Signal SCL/TX 17 PGED1/TDI/SCL1/RP6/CN6/RB6 LCD Serial Clock 18 PGEC1/SDA1/RP7/CN7/RB7 LCD_Data — 19 VSS Ground — 20 VCAP CPU Logic Filter Capacitor Connection 21 TMS/RP11/CN11/RB11 Boost MOSFET PWM Signal — SDA/RX PWM4H LCD_CSB 22 TCK/RP12/CN12/RB12 LCD Active-Low Chip Select Signal Load BUCK 23 PWM2H/RP13/CN13/RB13 Buck-Resistive Load Driver PWM Signal Load BOOST 24 PWM2L/RP14/CN14/RB14 Boost-Resistive Load Driver PWM Signal PWM1H 25 PWM1H/RA4 Buck High Side MOSFET PWM Signal PWM1L 26 PWM1L/RA3 Buck Low Side MOSFET PWM Signal — 27 AVSS Ground Reference for analog modules — 28 AVDD Positive Supply for analog modules; this pin must be connected at all times 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. DS52078A-page 21 Digital Power Starter Kit User’s Guide 2.3 APPLICATION COMPONENTS Table 2-4 describes the application components that are available on the Digital Power Starter Kit (see Figure 2-1 and Figure 2-2 for component locations). TABLE 2-4: APPLICATION COMPONENTS Component Label Item Description Top Assembly Components (see Figure 2-1) dsPIC33FJ09GS302 DSC U3 1 Provides the processing power for the demonstration applications and application development on the starter kit. The MCU features 9 Kbytes of Flash program memory and 1 Kbyte of RAM. The demonstration application uses the MCU device’s on-chip FRC oscillator with PLL as a clock source. 9V Power Connector J2 2 A 9V power supply powers the dsPIC33FJ09GS302 DSC and supplies the power to both of the DC/DC converters on the starter kit. To operate the starter kit, connect the power supply provided with the starter kit to J2. 2x16 Character LCD LCD1 3 User-programmable 2x16 character LCD. N/A 4 5W step-up converter (Boost). Boost Converter Stage Buck Converter Stage Potentiometer Voltage Regulator N/A 5 5W step-down converter (Buck). P1 & P2 7 Two Potentiometers (POTs). Each POT is connected to an analog input pin of the DSC, providing an analog reference voltage from 3.3V to ground (0V). U2 8 Voltage regulator (3.3V) provides power to the dsPIC33FJ09GS302 DSC, LCD, push button, potentiometers and temperature sensor. Bottom Assembly Components (see Figure 2-2) Voltage Regulator U1 1 Voltage regulator (5V) provides power to the 3.3V regulator and to the Buck stage gate driver (U9). On-Board Programmer/ Debugger N/A 2 Controls the programming/debugging operations of the target dsPIC33FJ09GS302 DSC. Programmer/Debugger USB Connector J5 3 Provides power to the programmer/debugger and bidirectional communication between the host PC and starter kit. Buck Resistive Load N/A 4 MOSFET controlled 2.2 Ohm resistive load (5W max). Boost Resistive Load N/A 5 MOSFET controlled 48.3 Ohm resistive load (5W max). On-Board Temperature Sensor U7 6 The temperature sensor is strategically placed near the load resistors. It is intended to provide the board temperature to the DSC and to disable both of the resistive loads if the temperature exceeds the set limit. DS52078A-page 22 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. Hardware 2.4 BOARD CONNECTORS Table 2-5 describes the hardware connections available on the Digital Power Starter Kit (see Figure 2-1 and Figure 2-2 for component locations). TABLE 2-5: Label J1 2.5 HARDWARE CONNECTIONS Hardware Element Description Connector for PICkit™ Serial Analyzer (not populated). J2 9V power supply (not populated). J3 ICSP™ programmer interface connector for programming the dsPIC33FJ09GS302 DSC. J4 ICSP programmer interface connector for programming the PIC24FJ256GB106 MCU USB-to-UART bridge (not populated). J5 Mini-USB connector provides bidirectional communication between the host PC and the on-board programmer/debugger. INDICATORS AND HUMAN INTERFACES Table 2-6 describes the user interfaces available on the starter kit. TABLE 2-6: INDICATORS AND HUMAN INTERFACES Label Hardware Element Description SW1 Push button switch, which is connected to the RB8 port pin. When momentarily pressed, the LCD measurement and board status information is changed. D1 Power-on status LED, which indicates that the Digital Power Starter Kit is powered by the 9V supply. D14 USB bus indicator, which indicates that the device is connected to the USB bus and the programmer/debugger is powered. P1 and P2 Two variable resistors (potentiometers). Each potentiometer is connected to an analog input pin, providing an analog reference voltage from 3.3V to ground (0V). D12 Buck converter power-on status LED, which indicates when the Buck DC/DC converter is enabled. D5 Boost converter power-on status LED, which indicates when the Boost DC/DC converter is enabled. Because of the Boost configuration, this LED will be illuminated when +9V is present at the J2 connector. LCD1 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. User-programmable 2x16 character LCD display. DS52078A-page 23 Digital Power Starter Kit User’s Guide 2.6 TEST POINTS Table 2-7 describes the test points that are available on the Digital Power Starter Kit. See Figure 2-3 for test point locations. TABLE 2-7: TEST POINTS Test Point Description +9V 9V Power Supply test point BUCK_OUT Output Voltage for the Buck Stage test point BOOST_OUT Output Voltage for the Boost Stage test point TP1 3.3V Supply Voltage test point TP5 Boost Stage Switch Node test point TP6 Boost Stage BODE test point TP9 Buck Stage BODE test point TP10 Buck Stage Current Sense test point TP11 Buck Stage High-Side MOSFET Gate Signal test point TP12 Buck Stage Low-Side MOSFET Gate Signal test point TP13 Boost Stage MOSFET Gate Signal test point TP14 Buck Stage Output Voltage Feedback test point TP15 Boost Stage Output Voltage Feedback test point TP16 Resistive Load MOSFET Gate Signal (Boost) test point TP17 Resistive Load MOSFET Gate Signal (Buck) test point TP22 Buck Stage Switch Node test point FIGURE 2-3: DIGITAL POWER STARTER KIT TEST POINT LOCATIONS TP11 TP22 TP12 BUCK_OUT GND TP14 TP17 TP10 TP6 TP9 GND TP15 TP11 BOOST_OUT GND TP1 DS52078A-page 24 +9V TP13 TP12 GND 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. Hardware 2.7 POWER RATING OF CONVERTER STAGES The Digital Power Starter Kit is designed to be a self-contained power supply board with variable 5W loads connected to each DC/DC converter. 2.7.1 BUCK CONVERTER The Buck converter stage is rated for a maximum power output of 5W to the dedicated on-board resistive load. The output voltage and output current should remain within its Safe Operating Area (SOA) to avoid damage to the board, as shown in the graph in Figure 2-4. The output voltage of the Buck converter (BUCK_Out) can be programmed to be from a 1.2V to 4.5V output, with a default programmed voltage of 3.3V. The hardware gain [5k/(3.3k + 5k)] of the voltage feedback from the BUCK_Out is provided by the resistor divider network, R97 and R105. Additionally, a 20 Ohm resistor, R90, for bode plot measurements is also in series with the feedback network. The hardware gain of the current feedback is provided by the current transformer (T1) with turns ratio (1:60) and burden resistor, R69. FIGURE 2-4: 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. BUCK CONVERTER SOA CURVE DS52078A-page 25 Digital Power Starter Kit User’s Guide 2.7.2 Boost Converter The Boost converter stage is rated for a maximum output power of 5W to the dedicated on-board resistive load. The output voltage and output current should remain within the Boost converter Safe Operating Area (SOA) to avoid damage to the board, as shown in the graph in Figure 2-5. The output voltage of the Boost converter (BOOST_Out) can be programmed to be from an 11V to 18V output, with a default programmed voltage of 15V. The hardware gain [20k/(20k + 3.3k)] of the voltage feedback from the BOOST_Out is provided by the resistor divider network of R41 and R51. Additionally, a 20 Ohm resistor, R30, for bode plot measurements is also in series with the feedback network. The hardware gain of the current feedback is provided by the current sense resistor, R61. FIGURE 2-5: BOOST CONVERTER SOA CURVE 0.45 0.40 Output Current, A 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 11 2.8 12 13 14 15 16 Output Voltage, V 17 18 19 PROGRAMMER/DEBUGGER The Digital Power Starter Kit includes an on-board programmer/debugger circuit that provides connectivity over USB. This circuit is hard-wired to the dsPIC DSC device to provide ICSP™ debugging/programming capability. 2.8.1 Programmer/Debugger Components Table 2-8 describes the programmer/debugger components that are available on the Digital Power Starter Kit (see Figure 2-2 for component locations). TABLE 2-8: PROGRAMMER/DEBUGGER COMPONENTS Component Label Item # On-Board Programmer/ Debugger N/A 2 Controls the programming/debugging operations of the target dsPIC33FJ09GS302 DSC. Programmer/Debugger USB Connector J5 3 Provides power to the programmer/debugger, and bidirectional communication between the host PC and the Digital Power Starter Kit. DS52078A-page 26 Description 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. DIGITAL POWER STARTER KIT USER’S GUIDE Chapter 3. Demonstration Program Operation The dsPIC33FJ09GS302 Digital Power Starter Kit is preprogrammed with a demonstration application that illustrates simultaneous Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control of the output voltage for the two DC/DC converter circuits on board the Digital Power Starter Kit. This code can be downloaded from the Microchip web site (www.microchip.com). This section covers the following topics: • Program Demonstration • Code Demonstration • Other Code Examples 3.1 PROGRAM DEMONSTRATION The demonstration program provides simultaneous closed-loop control of the output voltage for both DC/DC converter stages of the Digital Power Starter Kit. One PID loop controls the Buck converter output voltage (BUCK_Out) at 3.3V. The other PID loop controls the Boost converter output voltage (BOOST_Out) at 15V. The PID control scheme consists of the following parameters: • Proportional Error Gain (P-Gain) – This parameter produces a correction factor that is proportional to the magnitude of the output voltage error. • Integral Error Gain (I-Gain) – This parameter uses the cumulative voltage error to generate a correction factor that eliminates any residual error due to limitations in offset voltages and measurement resolution. • Derivative Error Gain (D-Gain) – This parameter produces a correction factor that is proportional to the rate of change of the output error voltage, which helps the system respond quickly to changes in system conditions. The demonstration program requires no manual preparation except to connect 9V power to the J2 connector. 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. DS52078A-page 27 Digital Power Starter Kit User’s Guide FIGURE 3-1: SMPS DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM FLOW CHART Start Initialization Routines: • Peripherals – ADC, PWM, Timers, GPIO, LCD, etc. • Variables – PID Gain Terms, Data Buffers • Interrupts – ADC, Timers • Set Soft Start Flag Fault Check Routine Does Fault Condition Exist? Yes Disable Outputs ADC Interrupt No Soft Start Routine ADC Interrupt Routines: Soft Start Routine Yes Is Soft Start Active? • Measure VOUT • Calculate PID Gain Parameters • Update PWM Duty Cycle No End Idle Loop Functions: • • • • • • DS52078A-page 28 Check VIN Check Soft Start Flag Check/Reset Fault Timers and Flag Measure Temperature and Potentiometer’s Position Update LCD Display Information Perform Non-Critical Functions (i.e., user application tasks) 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. Demonstration Program Operation 3.2 CODE DEMONSTRATION 3.2.1 System Initialization When power is applied to the board, the program starts by executing the following system initialization routines: • Peripherals – The required peripherals (PWM, ADC, Timers and GPIO) are configured and enabled • Variables – Program variables are defined. RAM locations and register usage are defined and documented • Constants – Program constants are defined, including reference set points for both Buck output voltage and Boost output voltage, input voltage, current limits, Fault conditions, PWM periods and Timer periods • Interrupts – The ADC and Timer interrupts are set up and enabled 3.2.2 Fault Check The program checks for input under/overvoltage, output overvoltage and board temperature limit. If a Fault occurs, the PWM outputs are disabled until the Fault condition is cleared. If no Fault is detected, the program proceeds. 3.2.3 Soft Start The Soft Start routine ramps up the output voltage in a close-loop fashion to bring the system within the operating range of the PID control loop. This routine ensures that the output does not overshoot the desired voltage; it also limits the current at start-up. 3.2.4 ADC Interrupt The ADC interrupt is the heart of the demo program. This routine takes up approximately 75% of the execution time. It performs all the PID calculations and applies any needed corrections to the output. Note: 3.2.5 The ADC interrupt can occur any time during program execution. The ADC interrupt takes priority over any other tasks that the program is performing. System Idle Loop All auxiliary functions are performed in the system Idle routine. This is the time available to the CPU while the demo program is waiting for an ADC interrupt. Non-critical functions can be performed in this loop. During this time the LCD is refreshed, the potentiometers position, input voltage, Fault timers and Soft Start flag are checked. 3.3 OTHER CODE EXAMPLES There are several other SMPS code examples available on the Microchip web site. Refer to the Readme files located in each code example folder for details on what each code example demonstrates. Check the Microchip web site (www.microchip.com/SMPS) for the latest updates to the code examples and for additional code examples. 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. DS52078A-page 29 Digital Power Starter Kit User’s Guide NOTES: DS52078A-page 30 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. DIGITAL POWER STARTER KIT USER’S GUIDE Appendix A. Board Layout and Schematics FIGURE A-1: DIGITAL POWER STARTER KIT LAYOUT (TOP) 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. DS52078A-page 31 Digital Power Starter Kit User’s Guide FIGURE A-2: DS52078A-page 32 DIGITAL POWER STARTER KIT LAYOUT (BOTTOM) 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. J2 2 3 1 GND 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. GND GND +3.3V 3 R22 DNP DNP B AT54S LT1G D16 R19 1 2 3 VOUT 2 D15 1 GND B AT54SLT1G +3.3V MCP1703T-5002 GND TAB (G ND) VIN U1 R20 GND C11 0.1 PF +3.3V Temp_Sens EXT_POT1 R16 V FB _BO OST SW PGC2 PGD2 0R 0R GND +5V C2 10 PF EX T_POT2 V in_FB CS _BO OST V FB _BUCK CS _BUCK R12 10K +3.3V 3 ICSP_MCLR_VPP_TAR GET GND 2 4 1 GND GND 2 4 1 VOUT 3 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 +3.3V C4 10 PF U3 6 5 4 3 2 1 AN5/I SRC3/CMP2D/RP10(1)/CN10/RB10 AN4/I SRC4/CMP2C/R P9(1)/CN9/RB9 AN3/CMP1D/CM P2B/RP0(1)/CN0/RB0 PGED 3/RP8(1)/CN 8/R B8 VDD PGEC2/ EX TREF /R P4(1)/CN4/RB 4 PGED 2/DACOUT/INT0/RP3(1)/CN 3/R B3 OSC2/CL K O/AN7/ISR C1/RP 2(1)/CN 2/R B2 OSC1/CL K I/AN6/ISRC2/ R P1(1)/CN1/R B1 VSS J3 DN P GND R2 330R D1 Green +3.3V PWM1H/R A4 PWM1L /RA 3 AVSS AVDD TP4 TP1 PG EC3/R P15/CN15/R B15 TDO /RP5(1)/CN 5/R B5 PGED1/TDI/SCL1/RP6(1)/CN 6/RB6 PGEC1/ SDA1/R P7(1)/CN7/RB7 VSS VCAP TMS/RP11(1)/CN 11/R B11 TCK /RP12(1)/CN12/RB12 PWM2H/R P13(1)/CN13/R B13 PWM2L /RP14(1)/CN14/RB14 dsPIC33FJ09GS302 GND GND C3 0.1 PF AN2/CMP1C/CMP2A/RA2 AN1/CMP1B 1/R A1 AN0/CMP1A/RA0 MCL R PGC2 PGD2 ICSP_MCLR_VPP_TAR GET MCP1703-3302E/DB GND TAB (G ND) VIN U2 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 SW1 PWM4H L CD _CS B L oad_B UCK Load_B OOST PWM1H PWM1L GND 2 1 GND P2 5K +3.3V GND P1 5K +3.3V 4 3 L CD _Reset GND R25 DNP R9 0R DNP R24 C7 0.1 PF +3.3V C4 10 PF GND 0R R17 L3 GND C6 0.1 PF R8 10K +3.3V EXT_POT2 EXT_POT1 L CD _RS Elect SCL /TX SDA/RX AGND C8 0.1 PF AVDD C5 0.01 PF C1 0.01 PF I2CAUX2 I2CAUX 1 SW F ID2 F ID3 F ID4 SCL /TX SDA/RX GND C9 1 PF R6 DNP +3.3V L CD _Reset R2 3 60.4R 0.25W +3.3V SDA/RX SCL /TX GND L CD _CSB LCD _ RSelect R7 DNP GND +3.3V R11 0R C10 1 PF GND C13 0.1 PF C12 1 PF R21 0R R18 0R R15 0R R14 0R R13 0R K A 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 SCL CSB L ED - L ED + C1+ C1+ VOUT VDD VSS SI 1 DNP 1 2 DNP PICkit™ 2 +3.3V VDD GND J1 GND B AT54SLT1G RST RS DNP B AT54SLT1G LC D1 3 D3 3 D2 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 NH D-C0 216CZ -F S W -F B W -3V3 I2CAUX 2 R3 DNP R5 DNP I2CAUX1 FIGURE A-3: GND R4 2.21K GND C57 10 PF TP 19 +9V VIN_FB R1 10K +9V Board Layout and Schematics DIGITAL POWER STARTER KIT SCHEMATIC DS52078A-page 33 PWM4H R58 3.30K GND 4 3 2 1 OUT B VDD OUT A NC GND TC4427ACOA IN B GND IN A NC U4 GND C16 22 PF 5 6 7 8 C15 0.1 PF GND C22 4.7 PF C23 0.1 PF +9V 5.1 1/8W R52 4 TP13 10K R57 D4 GND R61 0.5R 0.5W Q2 MCP87050 TP5 5 1 2 3 L1 150 PH R51 3.30K 1K R63 1K R64 1K C19 470 pF 1K C24 18 pF GND 4 3 TP2 IN- IN+ V FB _BO OST Place close to dsPIC® DSC R41 20.0K TP15 R60 C18 1 PF TP6 R59 C17 220 PF R30 20R B OOS T_ Out AVDD 10K AGND 10K R65 C20 DNP R28 R27 60.4R R32 R26 60.4R R31 R56 0R R53 DNP 0R GND R143 3.30K GND C25 18 pF 60.4R 60.4R 60.4R AGND 60.4R 60.4R R49 60.4R R48 60.4R R47 AVDD 60.4R R50 60.4R R45 60.4R R44 60.4R R43 L oad_B UCK L oad_B OOST CS _BOOST 60.4R R46 60.4R R38 60.4R R37 60.4R R39 60.4R R34 R29 0.25W 0.25W 0.25W 0.25W 0.25W 60.4R R36 60.4R R33 0.25W 0.25W 0.25W 0.25W 0.25W 0.25W 0.25W 0.25W 0.25W 0.25W U5 AGND MCP6021T-E/OT R62 1 C21 DNP D5 Green R35 10K R54 5 VDD +9V VSS DS52078A-page 34 2 R66 3.30K GND R67 3.30K 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 OUT B VDD OUT A NC R40 10K TC4427ACOA IN B GND IN A NC U6 GND 4 5 6 7 8 GND C26 0.1 PF +9V R42 11R TP16 OUT B Q1 NTM S5838NLR2G FIGURE A-4: 3 2 1 0.25W 0.25W 0.25W 0.25W 0.25W Digital Power Starter Kit User’s Guide DIGITAL POWER STARTER KIT SCHEMATIC (BOOST CONVERTER) 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. PWM1L PWM1H GND C33 4.7 PF GND R106 3.30K C34 0.1 PF +5V R107 3.30K 3 2 6 DNP D9 CS _BUCK PWM_LO PWM_HI VCC 0.1 PF C32 5 1 1K R68 GND MCP14700-E/SN L OWDR PHASE 8 C28 DNP GND HIGHDR U9 R142 DNP 7 B OOT GND 4 2 R79 1 R96 5.1R 1/8W 4 6 T1 7 8 10K R104 4 TP12 R74 10K 4 TP11 TRANS _CST2 _060L R70 DNP B AT54S LT1G 5.1R 1/8W D7 R69 120R 3 5 6 GND MCP87050 Q5 C31 220 PF C39 DNP R91 DNP TP22 GND +9V MCP87050 Q3 1 2 3 5 6 1 2 3 L2 22 PH C35 6.3V 150 PF GND C37 6.3V 150 PF C38 22 PF TP14 R90 20R GND R105 4.99K R97 3.30K C36 1 PF TP3 C40 18 pF V FB _BUCK TP9 B UCK _Out C29 0.1 PF 2 4 2.74R 0.25W 0.25W 0.25W 0.25W 0.25W 2.74R R100 2.74R R93 2.74R R92 2.74R R99 2.74R R86 2.74R R85 3 2.74R R80 R76 VOUT 2.74R R81 R75 MCP9700 GND VDD U7 2.74R 0.25W 0.25W D12 Green 0.25W 0.25W 0.25W R103 2.21K GND GND +3.3V R72 GND 2.74R 0.25W 0.25W 0.25W 0.25W 0.25W 2.74R R101 2.74R R94 2.74R R87 2.74R R82 R77 C30 0.1 PF 120R 2.74R 0.25W 0.25W 0.25W 0.25W 0.25W 2.74R R102 2.74R R95 2.74R R88 2.74R R83 R78 Temp_Sens 8 7 6 5 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. GND 3 2 1 Q4 4 R98 10K TP17 R71 11R OUT B FIGURE A-5: NT MS 5838NL R 2G TP10 Board Layout and Schematics DIGITAL POWER STARTER KIT SCHEMATIC (BUCK CONVERTER) DS52078A-page 35 Digital Power Starter Kit User’s Guide NOTES: DS52078A-page 36 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. NOTES: 2012 Microchip Technology Inc. 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