AN1177: ISL6424 Dual LNB Controller with I2C Interface for Advanced Satellite Set-Top Box Designs

ISL6424 Dual LNB Controller with I2C Interface
for Advanced Satellite Set-Top Box Designs
®
Application Note
Introduction
Communication Satellite Frequency Allocation
Communication satellites operate within two frequency
bands for TV/Broadband service broadcast signals, C Band
and Ku Band. The C Band overall frequency spectrum is
4.0GHz - 8.0GHz, while the Ku Band overall frequency
spectrum is 11.7GHz -18.0GHz.
Within these bands each satellite will have specific uplink
and downlink frequency allocation. For example the North
American DBS system has categories assigned as follows,
Ku Band high power downlink is 12.2GHz –12.7GHz and
17.3GHz-17.8GHz as the uplink frequency, C Band downlink
frequency is 3.7GHz to 4.2GHz and 5.925GHz-6.425GHz as
uplink frequency.
Also, to use the frequencies that are available for satellite
broadcast as efficiently as possible, and to accommodate
additional number of channels within a given frequency
band, the transmission signal can be formatted to be either
vertical and horizontal, or circular right-hand and circular lefthand simultaneously per frequency.
What is a Low Noise Block (LNB)?
An LNB is a low noise block module, placed on the focus of
the dish antenna (parabola) that provides the following
functions:
• Down conversion of the incoming signal from GHz range
to 910MHz -2150MHz (for Europe) range called “first
conversion signal.” This conversion allows the signal to be
carried by an inexpensive coaxial cable towards the
receiver.
• Signal amplification with good noise factor. The LNB
improves the first conversion signal level through the use
of a built-in low noise amplifier.
• Selects Vertical or Horizontal polarization.
• Selects operating band by switching its internal oscillator
from Low band to High band when it “receives” a 22kHz
tone. Specifically the local oscillator (LO) frequency
changes from 9.75GHz to 10.6GHz.
C Band - LO frequency 9.75GHz
Ku Band - LO frequency 10.6GHz
• Miscellaneous functions based on 22kHz tone PPM
encoding, as discussed later in the paper.
AN1177.0
(right-hand or left-hand). Consequently, the satellite can
broadcast both H and V or LH and RH polarized signals via
one frequency.
The “universal” LNB switches the polarization by looking at
the voltage that it receives from the receiver.
12V – Horizontal, 18V – Vertical
13V – Circular right-hand, 20V – Circular left-hand
Generally, only two (12V and 18V or 13V and 20V) will be
used with one type of Antenna. Also 1V can be added from a
receiver to any of above voltages to compensate for the
voltage drop in the coaxial cable, i.e., it could be 13V (12V),
14V (13V), 19V (18V) or 21V (20V) instead.
22kHz Tone and DiSEqC™ (Digital Satellite
Equipment Control) Encoding
In addition to selecting the polarization, the LNB needs to
select the operating band. This is done with the use of a
22kHz tone frequency. A 22kHz pulse-position modulated
signal of about 0.6V amplitude is superimposed on the
LNB’s DC power rail. Its coding scheme allows the remote
electronics to perform more complex functions like varying
the down conversion frequency to select one of multiple
LNB’s for dual-dish systems or physically rotating the
antenna assembly. Traditionally, when other encoding
functions do not require using 22kHz tone, simple presence
or absence of this tone selects the operating band by
changing the local oscillator frequency of the LNB.
The complex encoding of 22kHz burst is done with a more
sophisticated communication bus protocol named DiSEqC
standard (Digital Satellite Equipment Control). The open
DiSEqC standard developed by the European
Telecommunication Satellite Organization is a well accepted
worldwide standard for communication between satellite
receivers and satellite peripheral equipment.
The 22kHz oscillator has to be a tone generator with specific
rise and fall time. The wave shape will be a quasi-square
wave. (Sine with flat-top). The required frequency tolerance
is ±2kHz over line and temperature variations. Burst coding
of this signal is accomplished by input from the
microcontroller at the DSQIN pin of the IC as detailed in the
datasheet.
22kHz WAVE SHAPE AND DETAILS (See Figures 1 and 2)
Polarization Selection
Polarization is a way to give a transmission signal specific
direction. It increases the beam concentration. The signal
transmitted by satellite can be polarized in one of four
different ways: Linear (horizontal or vertical) or Circular
1
March 21, 2005
Carrier frequency: 22kHz ±2kHz over line and temperature
Carrier amplitude: 650mVpp ±250mV
Modulation mark period: 500µs ±100µs
Modulation space period: 1ms ±200µs
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-352-6832 | Intersil (and design) is a registered trademark of Intersil Americas Inc.
Copyright Intersil Americas Inc. 2005. All Rights Reserved
All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.
Application Note 1177
Quick Start Evaluation
Methods of Modulation
‘0’ DATA BIT
1.0ms
‘1’ DATA BIT
0.5ms
0.5ms
1.0ms
FIGURE 1. DiSEqC™ MODULATION SCHEME
‘0’ TONE BURST (SATELLITE A)
Out Of The Box
The ISL6424 evaluation board is shipped in a “ready-to-test”
state. The board requires an input voltage ranging from 8V
to 14V and a 3.3V/5V supply. The use of an electronic load
enables evaluation over a wide range of operating
conditions. The evaluation kit also includes 5 samples of
ISL6424EEB and ISL6424ER, a PC to I2C bus interface
board (USB-I2CIO), PC to I2C bus software, a USB cable,
and a connector cable to connect the USB-I2CIO board and
the ISL6424EVAL board.
TABLE 1. ISL6424 EVALUATION BOARDS
‘1’ DATA BURST (SATELLITE B)
12.5ms
FIGURE 2. TIMING DIAGRAM FOR TONE BURST
CONTROL SIGNAL
BOARD NAME
IC
ISL6424EVAL1C
ISL6424EEB
28-Ld SOIC
ISL6424EVAL2C
ISL6424ER
32-Ld QFN
Required Test Equipment
To fully test the ISL6424 chip functionality, the follow
equipment is needed:
ISL6424 - Provides a Complete Power
Solution for Dual LNB Control
• 4 channel oscilloscope with probes
The ISL6424 is a highly integrated solution for supplying
power and control signals from advanced satellite set-top
box (STB) modules to the low noise blocks (LNBs) of two
antenna ports. This dual output device is comprised of two
independent current-mode boost PWMs and two low-noise
linear regulators along with the circuitry required for I2C
device interfacing and for providing DiSEqC standard control
signals to the LNB.
• 2 bench power supplies
Regulator output voltages are available at two output
terminals (VO1, VO2) to support simultaneous operation of
two antenna ports in advanced satellite STBs. The regulator
outputs for each PWM are set to 13V or 18V by independent
voltage select commands (VSEL1, VSEL2) through the I2C
bus. Additionally, to compensate for the voltage drop in the
coaxial cable, the selected voltage may be increased by 1V
with the line length compensation (LLC) feature. Separate
enable commands sent on the I2C bus provide independent
standby mode control for each PWM and linear combination,
disabling the output to conserve power.
Both independent tracking current-mode boost converters
provide the linear regulators with input voltages that are set
to the output voltages, plus typically 1.2V dropout to insure
minimum power dissipation across each linear regulator.
This maintains constant voltage drops across each linear
pass element while permitting adequate voltage range for
tone injection.
Please refer to the ISL6424 datasheet, FN9175, for more
information.
2
PACKAGE
• 2 electronic loads
• Precision digital multi-meters
• I2C bus read/write capability
Power and Load Connections
Refer to the ISL6424EVAL1 and 2 schematics, the reference
designators will differ. The ISL6424EVAL1 evaluation board
has four sets of terminal posts and three jumpers that are
used to supply the input voltages and to monitor and load the
outputs.
Jumper and Switch Settings - JP1, JP2, and JP3 will be
shorted with shunt jumpers for quick start evaluation. JP1
and JP2 can be removed to monitor the input current for
each boost regulator or the input bias current of the IC. JP3
sets the chip address to 0.
The control pins for DSQIN1, DSQIN2, SEL18V1, and
SEL18V2 are available at respective terminal posts. These
are by default in the low condition. They will have to be
pulled high to activate the respective function.
Input Voltage - Adjust two power supplies to provide the
5V/3.3V and 12V input voltages of the evaluation board.
With the power supplies turned off, connect the positive lead
of the 12V supply to the VIN post (P1) and the ground lead
to the GND post (P2).
The second supply set for either 5V or 3.3V provides the
pull-up voltage for the I2C bus clock and data line. Connect
the positive lead of the second supply to the +5V/+3.3V post
(P5) and the ground lead to the GND post (P10-EVAL2).
AN1177.0
March 21, 2005
Application Note 1177
Output Voltage Loading and Monitoring - To exercise and
monitor VOUT1, connect the positive lead of one of the
electronic loads and the positive lead of a digital multimeter
to the VOUT1 post (P3) and the ground lead to the GND
post (P4).
To exercise and monitor VOUT2, connect the positive lead of
one of the electronic loads and the positive lead of a digital
multimeter to the VOUT2 post (P8) and the ground leads of
both to the GND post (P10).
I2C Bus Communication Setup
To control and exercise the ISL6424 requires communication
through the I2C bus clock (SCL) and data (SDA) pins. Refer
to the ISL6424 datasheet for more information about the I2C
bus specification. You can use the existing I2C
hardware/software, a word generator, or the PC to I2C
hardware/software included in the ISL6424 evaluation kit to
produce the necessary I2C waveforms.
DMM
(3)
-
4. Windows should detect the new USB device and the
‘Found New Hardware Wizard’ should begin. This will
help you install the drivers. Follow the directions on the
screen until it asks you where to search for the drivers. At
this point, you should select the ‘choose location’ option
and browse to the C:\’some directory’ created in step one
and select the drivers folder.
+
-
USB
USB CABLE
USB
I2C
INTERFACE
BOARD
-
+
-
+
POWER SUPPLY
(2)
1. The evaluation kit comes with a CD containing the
software and drivers to control the I2C bus. Copy the
contents of the CD to some directory, e.g., C:\’some
directory’.
3. After the USB-I2CIO board is powered up, connect the
USB cable to the USB port of a PC.
+
COMPUTER
USB-I2CIO Board Driver Installation - To use a PC to
control the I2C bus to communicate with the ISL6424 you will
have to install the drivers of the USB-I2CIO board included
in the kit. You will need a Windows 98/XP/2000 machine with
a standard USB port.
2. Applying power to the USB-I2CIO board: The USB-I2CIO
board has the option of being powered with 3.3V through
the USB bus of the PC or externally with 5V connected to
the +5 test point and GND test point. The I2C bus can
operate at 3.3V or 5V logic. If you use external 5V then
place a shunt jumper shorting pins 2 and 3 of JP3. If you
are using an external 5V to power the USB-I2CIO board
place a shunt jumper shorting pins 1 and 2 of JP3.
POWER SUPPLY
(1)
O-SCOPE
(1)
-
+
-
ELECTRONIC
LOAD
&
DMM
(1)
+
-
+
O-SCOPE
(2)
ELECTRONIC
LOAD
&
DMM
(2)
FIGURE 3. ISL6424EVAL1 TEST SETUP
DMM
(3)
-
POWER SUPPLY
(1)
+
+
-
COMPUTER
USB
USB CABLE
USB
I2C
INTERFACE
BOARD
5. Follow the remaining directions and the driver should be
installed and the USB-I2CIO detected by your PC.
6. If this is successful, another ‘Found New Hardware
Wizard’ window will appear. Repeat steps 4 and 5. At this
point, the USB-I2CIO board should be ready to use.
7. To connect the USB-I2CIO board to the ISL6424
evaluation board, use the 5-pin to 4-pin connector cable.
Connect the 5-pin connector to J4 on the USB-I2CIO
board and the 4-pin connector to J3 on the ISL6424
evaluation board. Figure 3 and 4 show the test setup
configuration to evaluate the ISL6424 evaluation boards.
+
-
POWER SUPPLY
(2)
+
-
O-SCOPE
(1)
+
-
ELECTRONIC
LOAD
&
DMM
(1)
-
+
ELECTRONIC
LOAD
&
DMM
(2)
-
+
O-SCOPE
(2)
FIGURE 4. ISL6424EVAL2 TEST SETUP
3
AN1177.0
March 21, 2005
Application Note 1177
8. Turn on the power supplies to power up the ISL6424
evaluation board.
9. Run the ISL6424i2crevb.exe program copied to C:\’some
directory’. Figure 5 shows the PC to I2C software
application window. Click the ‘Open Device’ button.
10. If you receive a ‘No USB Device Detected’ error:
• Make sure the drivers were installed correctly. If
Windows did not detect your USB device, try running
the Add/Remove Hardware Wizard in the control
panel.
• Make sure the USB board is powered up (internally or
externally, not both).
11. If you receive the ‘Incorrect Return Value’ error:
• The ISL6424 evaluation board may not be powered
up. Check the power connections.
system register bits. They are read and updated
continuously. The OLF1/2 and OTF flag in system register 1
and 2 are read only bits and they provide diagnostic status of
the ISL6424.
The switch, SW1, allows you to change the I2C address of
the ISL6424 by toggling the ADDR pin high or low. With the
switch in its default position the ADDR pin is low. The
application software will not be able to communicate with the
ISL6424 if the ADDR pin is high.
Performance Characterization
Startup
The ISL6424 features internal soft-start to reduce external
number of components. Figure 6 shows typical soft-start
waveform. Typical soft-start time is 4.6ms.
• Make sure SCL and SDA are connected correctly. The
5-pin connector to the USB-I2CIO board only fits one
way. Try reversing the 4-pin connector at J3 of the
ISL6424 evaluation board.
VOUT1
5V/DIV
VOUT2
5V/DIV
100µs/DIV
FIGURE 6. SOFT-START
Shutdown
Both LNB outputs of ISL6424 can be independently
shutdown using ENx bits via I2C. Figure 7 shows typical
shutdown waveforms.
VO1
5V/DIV
FIGURE 5. PC TO I2C APPLICATION WINDOW
VO2
5V/DIV
Using the PC to I2C Application
After opening the application window and clicking on the
‘Open Device’ button, the program will detect the USB-I2CIO
board and initialize the I2C system registers of the ISL6424.
To evaluate the ISL6424 functionality, toggle the system
register bits as needed and then click on the ‘Write I2C’
button to write to the system registers. The lower portion of
the application window shows the current values of the
4
100µs/DIV
FIGURE 7. SHUTDOWN USING I2C ENABLE
AN1177.0
March 21, 2005
Application Note 1177
Boost PWM Efficiency
Overcurrent Hiccup Mode
The Boost PWM architecture allows close to 90% efficiency
at full load as shown in Figure 8.
Figure 10 shows a typical overcurrent trip.
100
95
PWM2
EFFICIENCY (%)
90
IO1
200mA/DIV
PWM1
85
80
75
VO1
10V/DIV
70
65
50µs/DIV
60
50
150
250
350
450
550
650
750
FIGURE 10. OVERCURRENT TRIP
IOUT (mA)
FIGURE 8. BOOST PWM1 AND PWM2 EFFICIENCY vs LOAD
DiSEqC Implementation
The ISL6424 has a built-in 22kHz tone generator that can be
controlled either by the I2C interface or by a dedicated pin
(DSQIN) that allows immediate DiSEqC data encoding for
the DiSEqC compliance. When the I2C tone enable bit
(ENT) is set to HIGH, a continuous 22kHz tone is generated
regardless the status of the DSQIN pin. The ENT pin must
be LOW when DSQINx pins are being used for DiSEqC
encoding. Figure 9 shows the 22kHz tone waveform with
350mA load.
When the DCL (dynamic current limiting) bit is set LOW, the
overcurrent protection circuit works dynamically; as soon as
an overload is detected, the output is shutdown for a time
tOFF, typically 900ms. The output is resumed for a time
tON = 20ms. At the end of tON, if the overload condition is
still detected, the protection circuit will cycle again through
tOFF and tON. Figure 12 shows the typical waveforms for the
overcurrent hiccup mode.
200mV/DIV
IO1
200mA/DIV
VO1 10V/DIV
22kHz
TONE
500ms/DIV
FIGURE 11. OVERCURRENT HICCUP MODE
tRISE = 8µs
tFALL = 7.4µs
20µs/DIV
FIGURE 9. 22kHz TONE OPERATION
5
AN1177.0
March 21, 2005
Application Note 1177
Output Ripple
Figure 12 shows the typical output ripple waveforms. VO1 is
set to 19V and 750mA load. VO2 is set to 13V and 350mA
load.
D1
STPS2L40U
ISL6424
(LLC = HIGH)
LNB
CD
CLOAD
X DEVICE
VO1 20mV/DIV
VO2 20mV/DIV
FIGURE 14. DC BACK-BIAS PROTECTION CIRCUIT FOR
ZERO LOAD CONDITION
200µs/DIV
FIGURE 12. OUTPUT RIPPLE
External Back-Bias Protection
Some applications may need to be able to protect the
ISL6424 from an inadvertent back-bias voltage condition.
For the case where a 24V supply is connected to the output
of the ISL6424, a series connected diode as shown in Figure
13 will protect the IC. The LLC bit can be set high through
the I2C bus to increase the output voltage by 1V to
compensate for the diode voltage drop.
D1
STPS2L40U
ISL6424
(LLC = HIGH)
During the tone fall time, the capacitors are essentially in
series so the charge will try to equally distribute between Cd
and Cload. Cload will discharge allowing current to flow to
Cd to match the falling voltage at the anode of the diode. You
will have to choose a capacitor, Cd, that is large enough to
absorb the Cload discharging current and to minimize the
voltage drop created during the minimum tone fall time
specification, 5µs. A good choice would be to use a
capacitor for Cd that is 4 times the value of Cload.
Figure 15 shows the tone mode operation at the cathode of
the protection diode in a zero load condition and the
charging current between Cd and Cload. Excessive current
transients may occur from a fast dV/dt created if a 24V
supply were connected to the output of the ISL6424,
therefore, to use the circuit in Figure 14, the 24V supply
would have to be limited to 1A maximum current considering
the dV/dt voltage transient, to fully protect the IC.
LNB
VD
CLOAD
X DEVICE
ICLOAD 20mA/DIV
FIGURE 13. DC BACK-BIAS PROTECTION CIRCUIT
The DiSEqC standard recommends a maximum bus load of
0.25µF. For the circuit in Figure 13 to provide proper 22kHz
tone operation, the bus would have to have a minimum
loading of 12mA.
If tone operation is required at zero load conditions, a
resistor can be placed from the cathode of the protection
diode to ground, scaled to provide the minimum 12mA. To
avoid the added dissipation of this method, a capacitor can
be placed in parallel with the back-bias protection diode as
shown in Figure 14. This capacitor should be scaled with the
capacitive load present on the DiSEqC bus line. For a load of
0.25µF, use a 10µF capacitor. Consider the maximum load
of 0.25µF and the highest output voltage of 19V and a 0.5V
drop across the Schottky diode. After the tone rise time,
Qd(rise)~0, Qload(rise) = 19V*0.25µF = 4750nC.
6
VO1 200mV/DIV
FIGURE 15. ZERO LOAD 22kHz TONE AT CATHODE OF
DIODE AND DRIVING CURRENT CHARGING AND
DISCHARGING CLOAD
AN1177.0
March 21, 2005
Application Note 1177
Component Selection Guidelines
Inductor
The ISL6424EVAL application schematics show the
configuration for a dual LNB power supply.
The ISL6424 operates with a 33µH standard inductor over
the entire range of supply voltages and load currents.
Choose an inductor that can handle at least the peak switch
current without saturating, and ensure that the inductor has
a low DCR (series resistance) to maximize efficiency. The
inductor saturation current must be greater then the switch
peak current,
TCAP Capacitor
A capacitor connected to the TCAP pin sets the transition
time from 13V to 18V. A minimum 1µF capacitor is required
for smooth transition with reduced peak currents. Figure 16
shows the transition time versus capacitor value.
V SW ( max ) ⋅ I OUT V IN ( min ) 
V IN ( min ) 
I PEAK = ---------------------------------------------
- + -----------------------  1 – --------------------------2L ⋅ f SW 
V SW ( max )
N ⋅ V IN ( min )
(EQ. 1)
3.8
where,
RISE/FALL TIME (ms)
3.3
L = Inductance 33µH
2.8
fSW = PWM switching frequency, 220kHz Typical
2.3
N = Efficiency, 92% at maximum load
1.8
TABLE 2. RECOMMENDED INDUCTORS
1.3
PART NUMBER
ISAT
(A)
DCR
(mΩ)
PACKAGE
Coilcraft
MSS1260-333MX
2.2
75
SMD
Falco
SD1016
2.8
66
SMD
VENDOR
0.8
0.3
0.15
0.65
1.15
TCAP (µF)
1.65
2.15
FIGURE 16. TCAP CAPACITOR VALUE vs OUTPUT
TRANSITION TIME
The programmed output voltage rise and fall times can be
set by an external capacitor. The output rise and fall times
will be approximately 3400 times the TCAP value. For the
recommended range of 0.47µF to 2.2µF, the rise and fall
time would be 1.6ms to 7.6ms. Use of a 0.47µF capacitor
insures the PWM will stay below its overcurrent threshold
when charging a 120µF VSW filter cap during the worst case
13V to 19V transition. This feature only affects the turn-on
and programmed voltage rise and fall times. Figure 17
shows the 13V to 18V transition with TCAP=1µF.
The most important parameter for the output capacitors is
effective series resistance (ESR). The output ripple is
directly proportional to output capacitor ESR value.
A 68µF or less aluminum output filter capacitor with ESR
lower than 80mΩ in parallel with a 470nF ceramic capacitor
is a good choice in most application conditions. A ceramic
capacitor is necessary to reduce the high frequency
switching noise.
A high output capacitance and low ESR will strongly reduce
the output ripple voltage, output switching noise and improve
efficiency. Use the lowest possible ESR capacitor for best
performance.
The maximum value output capacitor is restricted by
transition time specifications between 13V to 18V. With a
high output capacitor the boost circuit will need higher peak
current from input supply to make transition from 13V to 18V
in an given transition time as set by TCAP value. The
Figure 16 shows the TCAP capacitor value versus transition
time. Use high TCAP capacitor value for high output
capacitors to allow sufficient time to charge the output
capacitors in maximum load conditions.
VO1 2V/DIV
VO2 2V/DIV
Output Capacitors
5ms/DIV
The capacitor’s voltage rating should be at least 35V, but
higher voltage electrolytic capacitors generally have lower
ESR numbers, and for this reason, to improve efficiency and
output ripple, select a capacitor with higher voltage ratings.
FIGURE 17. 13V TO 18V TRANSITION
7
AN1177.0
March 21, 2005
Application Note 1177
regulator leads to a total dissipated power that is about
1.2V*750mA*2 = 1.8W. At 350mA maximum current, this
power will be 1.2V*350mA*2 = 0.84W. The heat needs to be
removed with a heatsink to keep the junction temperature
below the over-temperature threshold.
TABLE 3.
VENDOR
SERIES
PACKAGE
Sanyo
OS-CON Electrolytic SMD/Through hole
Panasonic
EEUFC Electrolytic
TH
Static Current Limit
The current sense resistor Rsc serves to set the peak
current through the FET when in the static current limit
mode. This resistor value is calculated based on peak switch
current per Equation 2,
V SENSE
R SC < ----------------------I PEAK
(EQ. 2)
Where Vsense is 450mV typ. (See datasheet specification
table) and Ipeak is calculated from Equation 1. Make sure
the Rsc value is always lower than the Vsense/Ipeak ratio.
In the typical application conditions (VCC = 12V, IPEAK
(max) = 4500mA) a 100mΩ Rsc value is a good choice.
If VIN < 10.5V the inductor peak current can be close to
2.5A. In the worst case with VIN = 8V, and IOUT = 500mA,
low cost axial through-hole resistors could also be used,
however, these are usually bigger and need a larger area on
the PCB. See Table 4 for some suggested SMD resistor part
numbers.
TABLE 4.
VENDOR
SERIES
KOA
SR73 3A
SEI Electronics
RMC1
Panasonic
ERJ L1W
Layout Guidelines
Just like all switching power supplies, a proper PC board
layout is very important for a dual channel ISL6424 based
power supply implementation. Protect sensitive analog
grounds by using a star ground configuration. Also, minimize
lead lengths to reduce stray capacitance, trace resistance,
and radiated noise. Minimize ground noise by connecting
PGND1/2, the input bypass capacitor ground lead, and the
output filter capacitor ground lead to a single point. Place
bypass capacitors as close as possible to BYP pin and
PGND1/2 and the DC/DC output capacitors as close as
possible to VSW1/2.
The simplest solution is to use a large, continuous copper
area of the ground layer to dissipate the heat. This area can
be the inner ground of multi-layered pcbs, or in a dual layer
pcb, or an unbroken ground area on the opposite side of the
board where the IC is placed. In both cases, the thermal path
between the IC ground pins and the dissipating copper area
must exhibit a low thermal resistance.
The EPAD SOIC package of the ISL6424 has θJA = 27°C/W
and θJC = 2°C/W. The QFN package has θJA = 32°C/W and
θJC = 4°C/W. Due to the presence of exposed pad
connected to ground below the IC body on both the EPAD
SOIC and the QFN packages, the θJC is much lower. As a
result, a much smaller copper area is required to dissipate
heat than standard SOIC packages.
Conclusion
The ISL6424 dual output voltage regulator makes an ideal
choice for advanced satellite set-top box and personal video
recorder applications. The ISL6424EVAL1 and
ISL6424EVAL2 are complete reference designs for providing
power and control functions to the LNB in advanced satellite
set-top box applications.
References
Intersil documents are available on the web at
http://www.intersil.com.
[1] ISL6424 Data Sheet, Intersil Corporation, File No.
FN9175
[2] DiSEqC Bus Functional Specification, EUTELSAT
http://www.eutelsat.com/docs/diseqc
[3] More information on the USB-I2CIO PC to I2C interface
board available at http://www.DeVaSys.com
Place TCAP1/2 capacitors very close to the IC pins and
have shortest possible ground return path.
Thermal Design
During normal operation, the ISL6424 dissipates some
power. The power dissipation of the output linear regulator
dominates the total power dissipated in the ISL6424. At the
maximum rated output current, the voltage drop on the linear
8
AN1177.0
March 21, 2005
ISL6424 EVAL1 Rev B Schematic
9
Application Note 1177
AN1177.0
March 21, 2005
Application Note 1177
Bill of Materials ISL6424EVAL1 Rev. B
ITEM
REFERENCE
QTY
PART NUMBER
PART TYPE
DESCRIPTION
PACKAGE
VENDOR
1
U1
1
ISL6424EEB
IC, Linear
Current mode PWM
Controller
28 SOIC
Intersil
2
Q1, Q2
2
FDS6612A
MOSFET Single
N-channel, 30V,
0.022Ω, 8.4A
SOIC8
Fairchild
3
D1, D2, D3, D4
4
STPS2L40U
Diode, Schottky, Low
Drop Power
Schottky, 30V, 2A
DO-214AA
STMicroelectronics
4
D5, D6
2
S1A/B
Diode, Rectifying
Rectifying, 50V
SMB
Diodes Inc.
5
D7, D8
(DNP)
0
BZT52C5V6
Diode, Zener
Zener, 5.6V, 500mW
SOD123
Diodes Inc.
6
L1, L2
2
MSS-1260-333MX
Inductor
33µH, 20%, 2.2A
MSS1260
CoilCraft
7
L3, L4
2
1008PS-472K
Inductor
4.7µH, 10%, 1.0A
SM
CoilCraft
CAPACITORS
8
C1, C4, C15,
C18
4
25SP56M
Capacitor, Aluminum
56µF, 20%, 25V
CASE-CC
Sanyo
9
C2, C5, C6, C8,
C16, C19, C20,
C22
8
C3225X7R1E106M
Capacitor, Ceramic, X7R 10µF, 20%, 25V
SM_1210
TDK/Generic
10
C3, C17
2
DNP
SM_0603
TDK/Generic
11
C7, C13, C14,
C21
4
C2012X7R1E105K
Capacitor, Ceramic, X7R 1.0µF, 10%, 25V
SM_0805
TDK/Generic
12
C9, C23
2
C1608X7R1H101K
Capacitor, Ceramic, X7R 100pF, 10%, 50V
SM_0603
TDK/Generic
13
C10, C25
2
C1608COG1H330K
Capacitor, Ceramic,
COG
SM_0603
TDK/Generic
14
C11, C24
2
C1608X7R1H152K
Capacitor, Ceramic, X7R 1500pF, 10%, 50V
SM_0603
TDK/Generic
15
C12, C28, C31,
C32, C33
5
C1608X7R1H104K
Capacitor, Ceramic, X7R 0.1µF, 20%, 50V
SM_0603
TDK/Generic
16
C26
1
C1608X7R1H102K
Capacitor, Ceramic, X7R 1000pF, 10%, 50V
SM_0603
TDK/Generic
17
C27
1
C1608X7R1H473K
Capacitor, Ceramic, X7R 0.047µF, 10%, 50V
SM_0603
TDK/Generic
18
C29, C30
2
C2012X7R1E224K
Capacitor, Ceramic, X7R 0.22µF, 10%, 25V
SM_0603
TDK/Generic
DNP
Resistor, Film
SM_0603
Panasonic/Generic
33pF, 10%, 50V
RESISTORS
19
R1, R6
(DNP)
0
20
R2, R4
2
Resistor, Power metal
strip
0.1Ω, 1%, 1W
SM_2512
Panasonic/Generic
21
R3, R5
2
Resistor, Film
68.1kΩ, 1%, 0.1W
SM_0603
Panasonic/Generic
22
R7, R8
2
Resistor, Film
1kΩ, 1%, 0.1W
SM_0603
Panasonic/Generic
23
R9, R10
2
Resistor, Film
470Ω, 1%, 0.1W
SM_0603
Panasonic/Generic
24
R11, R12
2
Resistor, Film
10kΩ, 5%, 0.1W
SM_0603
Panasonic/Generic
25
R13, R14, R16,
R17 (DNP)
4
SM_0603
Panasonic/Generic
26
R15, R20, R21
3
Resistor, Film
100kΩ, 5%, 0.1W
SM_0603
Panasonic/Generic
27
R18, R19
2
Resistor, Film
18.2Ω, 1%, 0.1W
SM_0603
Panasonic/Generic
DNP
10
Resistor, Film
AN1177.0
March 21, 2005
Application Note 1177
Bill of Materials ISL6424EVAL1 Rev. B
ITEM
REFERENCE
QTY
PART NUMBER
(Continued)
PART TYPE
DESCRIPTION
PACKAGE
VENDOR
OTHERS
28
J1
1
22-03-2041
Connector
Header Strip, 1X4
29
JP1, JP2, JP3
3
68000-236-1X2
Header
1X2 Break Strip GOLD
30
JP1, JP2, JP3
3
S9001-ND
Jumper
2 pin jumper
Digikey
31
SP1, SP2
2
131-4353-00
Terminal, Scope Probe
Terminal, Scope
Probe
Tektronix
32
P1 - P12
12
160-2043-02-01-00
Turrett Post
Terminal post, through PTH
hole
Cambion
33
4
1x4 @ .1"
Molex
Bumpers
ISL6424EVAL1 Rev B Layout
FIGURE 18. TOP SILKSCREEN
11
AN1177.0
March 21, 2005
Application Note 1177
ISL6424EVAL1 Rev B Layout
(Continued)
FIGURE 19. LAYER 1
FIGURE 20. LAYER 2
12
AN1177.0
March 21, 2005
Application Note 1177
ISL6424EVAL1 Rev B Layout
(Continued)
FIGURE 21. LAYER 3
FIGURE 22. LAYER 4
13
AN1177.0
March 21, 2005
Application Note 1177
ISL6424EVAL1 Rev B Layout
(Continued)
FIGURE 23. BOTTOM SILKSCREEN
14
AN1177.0
March 21, 2005
ISL6424 EVAL2 Schematic Diagram
15
Application Note 1177
AN1177.0
March 21, 2005
Application Note 1177
Bill of Materials ISL6424EVAL2 Rev. A
ITEM
REFERENCE
QTY
PART NUMBER
1
U1
1
ISL6424ER
2
Q1, Q2
2
3
D1, D2, D3, D4
4
PART TYPE
DESCRIPTION
PACKAGE
VENDOR
IC, Linear
Current mode PWM
Controller
32LD QFN (5x5)
Intersil
FDS6612A
MOSFET Single
N-channel, 30V,
0.022Ω, 8.4A
SOIC8
Fairchild
4
STPS2L40U
Diode, Schottky, Low
Drop Power
Schottky, 30V, 2A
DO-214AA
STMicroelectronics
D5, D6
2
S1A/B
Diode, Rectifying
Rectifying, 50V
SMB
Diodes Inc.
5
D7, D8
(DNP)
0
BZT52C5V6
Diode, Zener
Zener, 5.6V, 500mW SOD123
Diodes Inc.
6
L1, L2
2
MSS-1260-333MX
Inductor
33µH, 20%, 2.2A
MSS1260
CoilCraft
7
L3, L4
2
1008PS-472K
Inductor
4.7µH, 10%, 1.0A
SM
CoilCraft
CAPACITORS
8
C1, C4, C15, C18
4
25SP56M
Capacitor, Aluminum
56µF, 20%, 25V
CASE-CC
Sanyo
9
C2, C5, C6, C8,
C16, C19, C20,
C22
8
C3225X7R1E106M
Capacitor, Ceramic, X7R
10µF, 20%, 25V
SM_1210
TDK/Generic
10
C3, C17
2
DNP
SM_0603
TDK/Generic
11
C7, C13, C14,
C21
4
C2012X7R1E105K
Capacitor, Ceramic, X7R
1.0µF, 10%, 25V
SM_0805
TDK/Generic
12
C9, C23
2
C1608X7R1H101K
Capacitor, Ceramic, X7R
100pF, 10%, 50V
SM_0603
TDK/Generic
13
C10, C25
2
C1608COG1H330K Capacitor, Ceramic, COG 33pF, 10%, 50V
SM_0603
TDK/Generic
14
C11, C24
2
C1608X7R1H152K
Capacitor, Ceramic, X7R
1500pF, 10%, 50V
SM_0603
TDK/Generic
15
C12, C28, C31
3
C1608X7R1H104K
Capacitor, Ceramic, X7R
0.1µF, 10%, 50V
SM_0603
TDK/Generic
16
C26
1
C1608X7R1H102K
Capacitor, Ceramic, X7R
1000pF, 10%, 50V
SM_0603
TDK/Generic
17
C27
1
C1608X7R1H473K
Capacitor, Ceramic, X7R
0.047µF, 10%, 50V
SM_0603
TDK/Generic
18
C29, C30
2
C2012X7R1E224K
Capacitor, Ceramic, X7R
0.22µF, 10%, 25V
SM_0603
TDK/Generic
19
C32, C33
2
C1608X7R1H103K
Capacitor, Ceramic, X7R
0.01µF, 10%, 50V
SM_0603
TDK/Generic
DNP
Resistor, Film
SM_0603
Panasonic/Generic
RESISTORS
20
R1, R6
(DNP)
0
21
R2, R4
2
Resistor, Power metal
strip
0.1Ω, 1%, 1W
SM_2512
Panasonic/Generic
22
R3, R5
2
Resistor, Film
68.1kΩ, 1%, 0.1W
SM_0603
Panasonic/Generic
23
R7, R8
2
Resistor, Film
1kΩ, 1%, 0.1W
SM_0603
Panasonic/Generic
24
R9, R10
2
Resistor, Film
470Ω, 1%, 0.1W
SM_0603
Panasonic/Generic
25
R11, R12
2
Resistor, Film
10kΩ, 5%, 0.1W
SM_0603
Panasonic/Generic
26
R13, R14, R16,
R17 (DNP)
4
SM_0603
Panasonic/Generic
27
R15, R20, R21
3
Resistor, Film
100kΩ, 5%, 0.1W
SM_0603
Panasonic/Generic
28
R18, R19
2
Resistor, Film
18.2Ω, 1%, 0.1W
SM_0603
Panasonic/Generic
29
J1
1
22-03-2041
Connector
Header Strip, 1X4
1x4 @ .1"
Molex
30
JP1, JP2, JP3
3
68000-236-1X2
Header
1X2 Break Strip
GOLD
DNP
Resistor, Film
OTHERS
16
AN1177.0
March 21, 2005
Application Note 1177
Bill of Materials ISL6424EVAL2 Rev. A
ITEM
REFERENCE
QTY
31
JP1, JP2, JP3
3
S9001-ND
Jumper
2 pin jumper
Digikey
32
SP1, SP2
2
131-4353-00
Terminal, Scope Probe
Terminal, Scope
Probe
Tektronix
33
P1 - P12
12
160-2043-02-01-00
Turrett Post
Terminal post,
through hole
34
PART NUMBER
(Continued)
4
PART TYPE
DESCRIPTION
PACKAGE
PTH
VENDOR
Cambion
Bumpers
ISL6424EVAL2 Layout
FIGURE 24. TOP SILKSCREEN
17
AN1177.0
March 21, 2005
Application Note 1177
ISL6424EVAL2 Layout
(Continued)
FIGURE 25. TOP LAYER COMPONENT SIDE
FIGURE 26. LAYER 2
18
AN1177.0
March 21, 2005
Application Note 1177
ISL6424EVAL2 Layout
(Continued)
FIGURE 27. LAYER 3
FIGURE 28. BOTTOM LAYER SOLDER SIDE
19
AN1177.0
March 21, 2005
Application Note 1177
ISL6424EVAL2 Layout
(Continued)
FIGURE 29. BOTTOM SILKSCREEN
All Intersil U.S. products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9000 quality systems.
Intersil Corporation’s quality certifications can be viewed at www.intersil.com/design/quality
Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design, software and/or specifications at any time without
notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result
from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries.
For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see www.intersil.com
20
AN1177.0
March 21, 2005