an1199

ISL6308AEVAL1Z: Three Phase Buck Converter
with Integrated High Current 5V to 12V Drivers
®
Application Note
January 19, 2009
AN1199.1
Author: Nasser A. Ismail
Introduction
The progress in many parts of modern power systems, such
as DDR/Chipset core voltage regulators, high current low
voltage DC/DC converters, FPGA/ASIC DC/DC converters
and many other general purpose applications, keeps
challenging the power management IC makers to come up
with innovative products and new solutions to meet the
increase in power, reduction in size and increase in the
DC/DC converter’s efficiency targets. The interleaved
multi-phase synchronous buck topology proves again to be
the topology of choice for such high current, low voltage
applications.
The ISL6308A is a space-saving, cost-effective solution for
such applications. The ISL6308A is a three-phase PWM
control IC with integrated high current MOSFET drivers. The
integration of 5V to 12V high current MOSFET drivers into
the controller IC marks a departure from the separate PWM
controller and driver configuration of previous multi-phase
product families. By reducing the number of external parts,
this integration allows for a cost and space saving power
management solution.
Output voltage can be programmed using the on-chip DAC
or an external precision reference. A two bit code programs
the DAC reference to one of 4 possible values (0.6V, 0.9V,
1.2V and 1.5V). A unity gain, differential amplifier is provided
for remote voltage sensing, compensating for any potential
difference between remote and local grounds. The output
voltage can also be offset through the use of a single
external resistor. An optional droop function is also
implemented and can be disabled for applications having
less stringent output voltage variation requirements or
experiencing less severe step loads.
A unique feature of the ISL6308A is the combined use of
both DCR and rDS(ON) current sensing. Load line voltage
positioning and overcurrent protection are accomplished
through continuous inductor DCR current sensing, while
rDS(ON) current sensing is used for accurate channel-current
balance. Using both methods of current sampling utilizes the
best advantages of each technique.
Protection features of this controller IC include a set of
sophisticated overvoltage and overcurrent protection.
Overvoltage results in the converter turning the lower
MOSFETs ON to clamp the rising output voltage and protect
the load. An OVP output is also provided to drive an optional
crowbar device. The overcurrent protection level is set
through a single external resistor. Other protection features
include protection against an open circuit on the remote
sensing inputs. Combined, these features provide advanced
protection for the output load.
1
The ISL6308AEVAL1Z evaluation board embodies a 85A to
90A regulator solution targeted at supplying power to the
designated load. The physical board design is optimized for
3 phase operation and ships out configured to provide one of
the following four output voltages (0.6V, 0.9V, 1.2V and 1.5V)
depending on choice of the REF1, REF0 combination set by
DIP switch U2, but can be easily modified to provide any
output voltage values in the range of 0.6V to 2.3V by means
of resistor divider composed of R90 and R81.
For further details on the ISL6308A, consult the data sheet [1].
The Intersil multi-phase family controller and driver portfolio
continues to expand with new selections to better fit our
customer needs. Refer to our web site for updated
information: www.intersil.com.
ISL6308AEVAL1Z Board Design
The evaluation kit consists of the ISL6308AEVAL1Z
evaluation board, the ISL6308A datasheet, and this
application note. The evaluation board is optimized for
3-phase operation without droop, the nominal output voltage
is 1.5V (with DIP switch U2 set to 11 position) and the
maximum output current is 90A.
The evaluation board provides convenient test points, a DIP
switch for DAC (REF) voltage selection from four possible
values (0.6V, 0.9V, 1.2V and 1.5V), footprint for a resistor
divider for output voltage adjustment up to 2.3V, and an
on-board transient load generator to facilitate the evaluation
process. An on-board LED is present to indicate the status of
the PGOOD signal. The board is configured for down
conversion from 5V to 12V to the REF setting.
The printed circuit board is implemented in 6-layer, 2-ounce
copper. Layout plots and part lists are provided at the end of
this application note for this design.
Quick Start Evaluation
The ISL6308AEVAL1Z is designed for quick evaluation after
following only a few simple steps. All that is required is two
bench power supplies, Oscilloscope and Load. To begin
evaluating the ISL6308AEVAL1Z, follow the steps below.
1. Before doing anything to the evaluation board, make sure
that the “Enable” switch (S1) is in the Disable position and
the “Transient Load Generator” switch (S2) is in the Load
Off position.
2. Connect a 12V, 15A Lab power supply between J7 and
J8. This power supply provides VIN and PVCC (with
original board configuration).
3. Connect a 5V, 1A Lab power supply between J23 and
GND. This power supply provides VCC bias (and PVCC
bias if the board is configured for 5V PVCC).
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-468-3774 | Intersil (and design) is a registered trademark of Intersil Americas Inc.
Copyright Intersil Americas Inc. 2005, 2009. All Rights Reserved
All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.
Application Note 1199
4. Set the “REF Selection” DIP switch (U2) to 11
corresponding to DAC = RE F = 1.5V. Figure 1 details the
typical default configuration for U2 when the board is
shipped. In this default setting, the evaluation board is set
for a reference voltage of 1.5V.
2
1
LOGIC
1
0
REF0
REF1
ON
FIGURE 1. TYPICAL U2 DEFAULT SETTING 11 (1.5V)
5. Connect a load (either resistive or electronic) between
VOUT terminal (J1, J2) and GND terminal (J3, J4).
6. Move the “Enable” switch (S1) to the Enable position
releasing the IC ENLL pin to rise to begin regulation.
After Step 6, the ISL6308AEVAL1Z should be regulating the
output voltage, at the “VOUT+” and “VOUT-” test points (P20,
P21) and J5 to the REF voltage. The “PGOOD Indicator”
LED (D1) should be green to indicate the regulator is
operating correctly.
ISL6308AEVAL1Z Board Features
Input Power Connections
The ISL6308AEVAL1Z allows for the use of standard bench
power supplies for powering up the board. Two
female-banana jacks are provided for connection of bench
power supplies. Connect the +5V terminal to P23, +12V
terminal to J7, and the common ground to terminal J8.
Voltage sequencing is not required when powering the
evaluation board.
Once power is applied to the board, the PGOOD LED
indicator will begin to illuminate red. With S1 in the Disable
position, the ENLL pin of the ISL6308A is held low and the
start-up sequence is inhibited.
Output Power Connections
The ISL6308AEVAL1Z output can be exercised using either
resistive or electronic loads. Copper alloy terminal lugs
provide connection points for loading. Tie the positive load
connection to VOUT, terminals J1 and J2, and the negative to
ground, terminals J3 and J4. A shielded scope probe test
point, J5, allows for inspection of the output voltage, VOUT.
REF and VOUT Setup
The REF DIP switch would be preset to 11 (1.5V). Also 1.2V,
0.9V and 0.6V outputs can be selected using different codes
on the DIP switch. If an output voltage different than the 4
possible REF values is desired, the output resistor divider
composed of R90 (initially 0Ω) and R81(initially open) can be
used (refer to the section in the ISL6308A Data sheet
entitled “Output Voltage Offset Programming” and “Adjusting
the Output Voltage” on page 8 of this application note for
2
resistor value calculations). Note that the ISL6308A is
usable for output voltages up to 2.3V when the REF voltage
is set to 1.5V. See Table 1 for the maximum possible output
voltage with different REF setting.
TABLE 1. MAXIMUM OUTPUT VOLTAGE WITH DIFFERENT
REF SETTING WITH THE USE OF A RESISTOR
DIVIDER ON VSEN
REF1
REF0
REF = DAC
VOUT MAX
0
0
0.6V
1.4V
0
1
0.9V
1.7V
1
0
1.2V
2V
1
1
1.5V
2.3V
PVCC Power Options
One unique feature of the ISL6308A is the variable gate
drive bias for the integrated drivers. The gate drive voltage
for the internal drivers can be any voltage from +5V to +12V
by simply connecting the desired voltage to the PVCC pin of
the controller. To accommodate the flexibility of the drivers,
the ISL6308AEVAL1Z has been designed to support a
multitude of options for the PVCC voltage.
Switching between the different PVCC voltages available on
the evaluation board is as simple as populating and
depopulating certain resistors. The evaluation board has
three on-board voltages available: +5V, +12V, and +8V (from
an on-board linear regulator). Refer to Table 2 for what
resistors to populate for each voltage option.
TABLE 2. GATE DRIVE VOLTAGE OPTIONS AND RESISTOR
SETTINGS
UGATE
VOLTAGE
LGATE
VOLTAGE
R48
R68
R71
R72
12.0V
12.0V
OPEN
OPEN
OPEN
0Ω
8.0V
8.0V
OPEN
OPEN
0Ω
OPEN
5.0V
5.0V
0Ω
OPEN
OPEN
OPEN
12.0V
5.0V
0Ω
0Ω
OPEN
OPEN
Enabling the Controller
In order to enable the controller, the board must be powered,
a REF (DAC) code must be set, and the PVCC and VCC
voltages must be set. If these steps have been properly
followed, the regulator is enabled by toggling the “ENABLE”
switch (S1) to the Enable position, which allows the voltage
on the ENLL pin of the ISL6308A to rise above the ENLL
threshold of 0.66V and the controller will begin its digital
soft-start sequence. The output voltage ramps up to the
programmed setting, at which time the PGOOD indicator will
switch from red to green.
On-Board Load Transient Generator
Most bench-top electronic loads are not capable of
producing the current slew rates required to emulate most
AN1199.1
January 19, 2009
Application Note 1199
modern loads. For this reason, a discrete transient load
generator is provided on the evaluation board; see Figure 2.
The generator produces a load pulse of 550µs in duration
with a period of 70ms. The pulse magnitude is approximately
30A with rise and fall slew rates of approximately 50A/µs as
configured. The short load current pulse and long duty cycle
is required to limit the power dissipation in the load resistors
(R38 through R42) and MOSFETs (Q20, Q21). To engage
the load generator, simply place switch S2, in the “OFF”
position.
If the DAC code is changed from 11(1.5V), the transient
generator dynamics must be adjusted relative to the new
output voltage level. Place a scope probe in J10 to measure
the voltage across the load resistors and the dV/dt across
them as well. Adjust the load resistors, R38 through R40, to
achieve the correct load current level. Change resistors R34
through R37 to increase or decrease the dV/dt as required to
match the desired dI/dt profile.
U2
R33
ON
OFF
402Ω
Q19
2N7002
R35
562Ω
R34
VOUT
BAV99LT1
S4
R39
OPEN
R40
OPEN
249Ω
R37
562kΩ
R36
Q21
SUD50N03
BAV99LT1
R38
0.05Ω
S2
C57
22µF
S3
Q20
SUD50N03
R41
OPEN
R42
OPEN
249Ω
J10
VLOAD
FIGURE 2. LOAD TRANSIENT GENERATOR
Inductor DCR Static Current Sense Points
A unique feature of the ISL6308AEVAL1Z is the ability to
measure the voltage drop across the DCR of each channel’s
inductor by multimeter. This is accomplished with the use of
a capacitor and resistor series circuit which is placed in
parallel across each inductor, as illustrated in Figure 3.
When current, IL, flows through the inductor, the voltage
drop developed across the DCR will be sensed by the R-C
3
C
L
ISL6308A
DCR
INDUCTOR
I
VOUT
COUT
L
FIGURE 3. DCR STATIC CURRENT SENSE CIRCUIT
circuit, and an equivalent voltage will be developed across
the C capacitor.
In order to not affect the rest of the regulator, the time
constant of this R-C circuit is very large, so it can only be
used to measure static current, and not transient currents. To
calculate the current through each inductor measure the
voltage across the “DCR SENSE” points on the
ISL6308AEVAL1Z and then divide that number by the DCR
of the inductor. This should give you an accurate reading of
the current through each channel during static loads.
Current Balance Resistors
LO
HI
HS
VSS
R
Modifying the ISL6308AEVAL1Z Design
HO
HIP2100
R30
46.4kΩ
VIN
LI
VDD
C55
1µF
HB
VCC12
+ DCR SENSE -
The ISL6308A uses lower MOSFET rDS(ON) current sensing
to measure the current through each channel and balance
them accordingly. If the lower MOSFETs on the
ISL6308AEVAL1Z are changed, the current balance resistors,
R18 through R20, should also be changed to adjust for the
change in rDS(ON). Refer to section titled “Load Line
Regulation Component Selection (DCR Current Sensing)” in
the ISL6308A datasheet to choose new current sense
resistors. R18 adjusts the current in Channel 1, R19 adjusts
the currents in Channel 3 and R20 adjusts the currents in
Channel 2. These resistors can also be changed to adjust for
any current imbalance due to layout, which is also explained
in the section entitled “Current Balancing Component
Selection” of the ISL6308A datasheet.
Load Line (Droop) Regulation
The ISL6308A has an optional Droop function; the
ISL6308AEVAL1Z board design is optimized for no Droop
case. For Droop option selection, refer to Table 3.
TABLE 3. SELECTION OF DROOP OPTION
DROOP
R86
R85
Disabled (Droop
connected to IREF)
0Ω
OPEN
Enabled (Droop
connected to ICOMP)
OPEN
0Ω
If Droop is implemented, the compensation network will need to
be recalculated for optimal loop response and stability.
AN1199.1
January 19, 2009
Application Note 1199
To create an output voltage change proportional to the total
current in all the active channels (droop), the ISL6308A uses an
inductor DCR sensing R-C network. This network, shown in
Figure 4, is designed not only to precisely control the load line
of the regulator, but also to thermally compensate for any
changes in DCR that may skew the load line as a result of
increases in temperature.
L2
PHASE1
IOUT
VOUT
Overcurrent Protection Level
The ISL6308A utilizes a single resistor to set the maximum
current level for the IC’s overcurrent protection circuitry.
Please refer to section titled “Overcurrent Protection” of the
ISL6308A datasheet, and adjust resistor R11 accordingly to
set the desired overcurrent trip level.
Output Voltage Offset
R15
L3
PHASE2
R16
L4
PHASE3
R12
DNP
R17
R9
DNP
ISUM
R14
C7
10nF
ICOMP
due to temperature when the Droop option is used and a
tight load-line regulation is required, and keep the time
constant of the R-C network equal to that of the inductor
L/DCR time constant.
R10
0Ω
RCOMP
OPTIONAL NTC RESISTOR NETWORK
IREF
ISL6308A
* R15-R17 ARE EQUAL
FIGURE 4. DCR SENSING CONFIGURATION WITH
OPTIONAL FOOTPRINTS FOR NTC LOAD-LINE
COMPENSATION
This sensing technique works off the principle that if the R-C
time constant of C7*RCOMP (RCOMP = R14) is equal to the
L/DCR time constant of the inductor, the load line impedance
will be equal to RCOMP*DCR/R15 (R15, R16 and R17 are
equal).
If the load line impedance needs to be changed, all that is
required is adjusting the values of R15 through R17, as
explained in the section entitled “Load Line Regulation
Component Selection (DCR Current Sensing)” of the
ISL6308A datasheet. If the Inductor is changed though, the
resistance of time constant matching network will need to be
changed. The NTC resistor network must first be adjusted so
that the new L/DCR time constant is precisely matched.
Refer to section entitled “Load Line Regulation Component
Selection (DCR Current Sensing)” of the ISL6308A
datasheet to design the entire R-C sense network.
An Optional NTC resistor network consisting of 3 resistors
(R9, R10, and R14) and a single NTC thermistor (R12), which
is placed close the output inductors. This network is
designed to compensate for any change in DCR that occurs
4
The ISL6308A allows a designer to accurately offset the
output voltage both negatively and positively. All that is
required is a single resistor between the OFS and VCC pins,
or the OFS pin and GND. The ISL6308AEVAL1Z has both of
these resistor options available on the board. To positively
offset the output voltage, populate resistor R5. To negatively
offset the output voltage, populate resistor R7. Please refer
to section entitled “Output Voltage Setting” of the ISL6308A
datasheet to accurately calculate these resistor values.
Switching Frequency
The switching frequency of the ISL6308AEVAL1Z board is
set to an optimal value of 325kHz giving the best efficiency
and performance for the given design with R13 = 75kΩ.
However, the switching frequency can be adjusted anywhere
from 80kHz to 1.5MHz per phase. In practice, many factors
affect the choice of switching frequency among which are
efficiency, and gate drive losses (which depend on the
MOSFET choice and Gate Driver Voltage). Since the
ISL6308A has integrated MOSFET drivers, the driver losses
must be taken into account when the switching frequency is
chosen. To change the switching frequency, refer to section
entitled “Switching Frequency” of the ISL6308A datasheet
and adjust the value of frequency set resistor, R13,
accordingly.
MOSFET Gate Drive Voltage (PVCC)
The gate drive bias voltage of the integrated drivers in the
ISL6308A can be any voltage between +5V and +12V. This
bias voltage is set by connecting the desired voltage to the
PVCC pins of the IC. Please refer to the “PVCC Power
Options” on page 2 to set the desired gate drive voltage.
Number of Active Phases
The ISL6308A has the option of 1-, 2- or 3-phase operation.
The ISL6308AEVAL1Z is designed to change the number of
active phases by simply populating or depopulating few
resistors, R62 through R65. Refer to Table 4 for which
resistors to populate for 1-, 2- or 3-phase operation.
.
AN1199.1
January 19, 2009
Application Note 1199
R62
R63
R64
R65
3
0Ω
0Ω
OPEN
OPEN
2
OPEN
0Ω
0Ω
OPEN
1
OPEN
OPEN
0Ω
0Ω
UGATE1
GND>
500mV/DIV 20V/DIV
# OF ACTIVE
PHASES
20V/DIV
TABLE 4. SETTINGS FOR NUMBER OF ACTIVE PHASES
UGATE2
GND>
VOUT
ISL6308A Performance
Soft-Start Interval
ICORE,
0V
ICC12
10A/DIV
ENLL
2V/DIV
0A
0A
0V
1ms/DIV
50A/DIV
VOUT
1V/DIV
t2
drivers are enabled and the output voltage ramps up in a
seamless fashion from the pre-existent level to the DAC-set
level, reached at time t2.
20V/DIV
A second scenario can be encountered with a pre-charged
output: output being pre-charged above the DAC-set point,
as shown in Figure 7. In this situation, the ISL6308A
behaves in a way similar to that of Figure 6, keeping the
MOSFETs off until the end of the SS ramp. However, once
the end of the ramp has been reached, at time t1, the output
drivers are enabled for operation, and the output is quickly
drained down to set-point level. An OV condition during
start-up will take precedence over this normal start-up
behavior, but will allow reversal back to normal behavior as
soon as the condition is removed or brought under control.
UGATE1
GND>
UGATE2
500mV/DIV 20V/DIV
Special consideration is given to start-up into a pre-charged
output (where the output is not 0V at the time the SS cycle is
initiated). Under such circumstances, the ISL6308A keeps
off both sets of output MOSFETs until the internal ramp
starts to exceed the output voltage sensed at the FB pin.
This special scenario is detailed in Figure 6. The circuit is
enabled at time t0. As the internal ramp exceeds the
magnitude of the output voltage at time t1, the MOSFETs
t1
t0
FIGURE 6. ISL6308AEVAL1Z START-UP INTO A PARTIALLY
CHARGED OUTPUT (VDAC = 1.2V)
GND>
VOUT
GND>
ENLL
GND>
2V/DIV
Once VOUT reaches the DAC set point, the internal
pull-down on the PGOOD pin is released. This allows a
resistor from PGOOD to VCC to pull PGOOD high and the
PGOOD LED indicator changes from red to green.
1ms/DIV
ENLL
GND>
2V/DIV
GND>
The typical start-up waveforms for the ISL6308AEVAL1Z are
shown in Figure 5. The waveforms represented in this image
show the soft-start sequence of the regulator with the DAC
set to 1.50V. Before the soft-start interval begins, VCC and
PVCC are above POR and the DAC inputs are set to
logic 11. With these two conditions met, throwing the
ENABLE switch into the Enable position causes the voltage
on the ENLL pin to rise above the ISL6308A’s enable
threshold, beginning the soft-start sequence. For a delay
time of 0.85ms, VOUT does not move due to the manner in
which soft-start is implemented within the controller. After
this delay (which is approximately equal to 240 switching
cycles), VOUT begins to ramp linearly toward the DAC
voltage. With the converter running at 325kHz, this ramp
takes approximately 5.2ms, during which time the input
current, ICC12, also ramps slowly due to the controlled
building of the output voltage.
1ms/DIV
t0
t1
FIGURE 7. ISL6308AEVAL1Z START-UP INTO AN
OVERCHARGED OUTPUT (VDAC = 1.2V)
FIGURE 5. SOFT-START INTERVAL WAVEFORMS
5
AN1199.1
January 19, 2009
Application Note 1199
Transient Response
The ISL6308AEVAL1Z is designed without droop for a
maximum output load current of 90A. The Load step is
approximately 30A and the output voltage variation during
the transient is kept below 100mV peak-to-peak. This load
step has a maximum slew rate of approximately 50A/µs on
both the rising and falling edges. The on-board load
transient generator is designed to provide the specified load
step, different load steps and current slew rates can be
accommodated with the on-Board Transient Load Generator.
Figure 10 shows both the rising and falling edges.
20mV/DIV
1.0V/DIV
V(ILOAD)
20µs/DIV
FIGURE 8. ISL6308AEVAL1Z RISING EDGE TRANSIENT LOAD
RESPONSE
6
20mV/DIV
1.0V/DIV
20µs/DIV
20mV/DIV
FIGURE 9. ISL6308AEVAL1Z FALLING EDGE TRANSIENT
RESPONSE
VOUT
V(ILOAD)
GND>
100µs/DIV
FIGURE 10. ISL6308AEVAL1Z TRANSIENT RESPONSE
Overcurrent Protection
VOUT
GND>
V(ILOAD)
GND>
1.0V/DIV
The rising edge transient response of the ISL6308AEVAL1Z,
is shown in Figure 8. In order to obtain the load current
waveform shown, the bench-top load is turned off, while the
on-board transient generator is pulsing a 30A step for 550µs.
When the load step occurs, the output capacitors provide the
initial output current, causing VOUT to drop suddenly due to
the ESR and ESL voltage drops in the capacitors. The
controller immediately responds to this drop by increasing
the PWM duty cycles to as much as 66%. The duty cycles
then decrease to stabilize VOUT. At the end of the 550µs
load pulse, the load current returns to 0A. The transient
response to this falling edge of the load is shown in Figure 9.
When the falling load step occurs, the output capacitors
must absorb the inductor current which can not fall at the
same rate of the load step. This causes VOUT to rise
suddenly due to the ESR and ESL voltage drops in the
capacitors. The controller immediately responds to this rise
by decreasing the PWM duty cycles to zero, and then
increasing them accordingly to regulate VCORE to the
programmed 1.5V level.
VOUT
The ISL6308A is designed to stop all regulation and protect
the sensitive load if an overcurrent event occurs. This is
done by continuously monitoring the total output current and
comparing it to an overcurrent trip level set by the OCSET
resistor, R11. If the output current ever exceeds the trip level,
as shown in Figure 11 (at time t1), the ISL6308A
immediately turns the upper and lower MOSFETs off,
causing VOUT to fall to 0V. The controller holds the UGATE
and LGATE signals in this state for a period of 4096
switching cycles, which at 325kHz is 13.65ms. The controller
then re-initializes the soft-start cycle (at time t2). If the load
that caused the overcurrent trip remains, another
overcurrent trip will occur before the soft-start cycle
completes. The controller will continue to try to cycle
soft-start indefinitely until the load current is reduced, or the
controller is disabled. This operation is shown in Figure 11.
AN1199.1
January 19, 2009
Application Note 1199
5V/DIV
PGOOD
GND>
500mV/DIV 1V/DIV
COMP
GND>
VOUT
GND>
5ms/DIV
t1
t2
FIGURE 11. ISL6308AEVAL1Z OVERCURRENT PROTECTION
Pre-POR Overvoltage Protection
Prior to PVCC and VCC exceeding their POR levels, the
ISL6308A is designed to protect the load from any
overvoltage events that may occur (such an overvoltage may
occur if for example one of the upper MOSFETs was shorted
at assembly due to manufacturing defects). This is
accomplished by means of an internal 10kΩ resistor tied
from PHASE to LGATE, which turns on the lower MOSFET
to control the output voltage until the input power supply
current limits itself and cuts off. In Figure 12, an artificial
pre-POR overvoltage event has been created by shorting
the positive 12V input plane to the PHASE plane. This same
12V input is connected to PVCC pins of the ISL6308A.
Figure 12 illustrates how the controller protects the load from
a high output voltage spike, when the 12V input turns on, by
tying LGATE to PHASE.
LGATE2
1V/DIV
GND>
VIN = PVCC
2V/DIV
GND>
GND>
10ms/DIV
FIGURE 12. ISL6308AEVAL1Z PRE-POR OUTPUT
OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION (START-UP WITH
SHORTED UPPER FET)
7
VOUT
GND>
LGATE2
GND>
VIN = PVCC
GND>
500µs/DIV
FIGURE 13. ISL6308AEVAL1Z PRE-POR OVERVOLTAGE
PROTECTION
Efficiency
1V/DIV
VOUT
2V/DIV
GND>
To protect from an overvoltage event during normal
operation, the ISL6308A continually monitors the output
voltage. If the output voltage exceeds a specific limit (set
internally), the controller commands the LGATE signals high,
turning on the lower MOSFETs to keep the output voltage
below a level that might cause damage to the load. As
shown in the overvoltage event in Figure 12, turning on the
lower MOSFETs not only keeps the output voltage from
rising, it also sinks a large amount of current, causing the
input voltage to the power stage to drop. If this causes the
input power supply voltage to fall below the POR level of the
ISL6308A, as seen at the end of the waveform in Figure 13,
the controller responds by using the pre-POR overvoltage
protection explained in the previous section. This allows the
ISL6308A to always keep the output load safe from high
voltage spikes during an entire overvoltage event.
10V/DIV
UGATE1
5V/DIV
20V/DIV
Overvoltage Protection
The efficiency of the ISL6308AEVAL1Z board, loaded from
0A to 90A, at both PVCC = 5V and 12V are plotted in
Figure 14 for VOUT = 1.5V. Measurements were performed
at room temperature and taken at thermal equilibrium with
an air flow of 200LFM. The efficiency peaks just below 89%
at 50A for the PVCC = 12V case and then levels off steadily
to approximately 86.5% at 90A, while for the PVCC = 5V,
efficiency peaks at around 90% at 25A and then falls down
to approximately 85% at 90A.
The efficiency for VOUT = 1.8V is plotted in Figure 15. The
efficiency peaks around 90% at 50A for the PVCC = 12V
case and then levels off steadily to approximately 88% at
90A, while for the PVCC = 5V, efficiency peaks at around
91% at 30A and then falls down to approximately 87% at
90A. The use of stronger air flow could improve the
efficiency across the load range and keeps the components
cooler leading to better reliability and longer component
lives.
AN1199.1
January 19, 2009
Application Note 1199
.
92
90
C2
PVCC = 12V
COMP
4
86
PVCC = 5V
84
R1
VOUT = 1.5V
FSW = 325kHz
82
80
C1
FB
5
6
C4
72
0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
8
7
VSEN
74
VDIFF
R3
76
RGND
78
70
ISL6308A
R4
EFFICIENCY (%)
88
VOUT+
LOAD CURRENT (A)
RL = R81 RH = R90
FIGURE 14. EFFICIENCY vs LOAD CURRENT
VOUT-
.
92
PVCC = 12V
90
88
PVCC = 5V
EFFICIENCY (%)
86
84
82
80
78
VOUT = 1.8V
FSW = 325kHz
76
74
FIGURE 16. ADJUSTING VOUT OUTSIDE THE REF (DAC)
RANGE
Use the following relationships in Equations 1 through 4 to
calculate the value of the resistors based on the known
parameters.
R L + R H ≤ 500Ω
(EQ. 1)
Choose R L = 300Ω
72
70
Choose a value of VREF that meets the following condition:
0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
LOAD CURRENT (A)
FIGURE 15. EFFICIENCY vs LOAD CURRENT
VREF ≥ V OUT – 0.8V
(EQ. 2)
Choose a value for RL (for example 300Ω):
Modifications
Calculate the value of the resistor RH:
Adjusting the Output Voltage
The output voltage can be adjusted by changing the 2-bit
inputs (REF1, REF0) of internal DAC (externally connected
with a resistor to REF). Please consult the data sheet for the
available voltage ranges and the required settings.
The offset pin (OFS) allows for small-range (less than
100mV), positive or negative, offsetting of the output voltage.
The board is shipped with R90 equal to 0Ω and R82 is not
populated to provide an output voltage equal to the internal
DAC setting. Should an output voltage setting outside the
normal range provided via the internal DAC be required, a
separate resistor divider connected from the load output
terminals to VSEN pin as shown in Figure 16 is needed.
8
R L ⋅ ( V OUT – REF )
R H = --------------------------------------------------REF
(EQ. 3)
Example:
VOUT = 2.1V
VREF ≥ 2.1V – 0.8V ≥ 1.3V
VREF = 1.5V
R L = 300Ω
(EQ. 4)
300Ω ⋅ ( 2.1V – 1.5V )
R H = -------------------------------------------------------- = 120Ω
1.5V
AN1199.1
January 19, 2009
Application Note 1199
Down-Converting From a Different Input Voltage
Summary
The ISL6308AEVAL1Z is powered from bench supplies, the
input labelled ‘+12V’ can be adjusted down as desired. If
experimenting with a lower voltage, be mindful of a few
aspects:
The ISL6308AEVAL1Z evaluation board showcases a highly
integrated approach to providing control in a wide variety of
applications. The sophisticated feature set and high-current
MOSFET drivers of the ISL6308A yield a highly efficient
power conversion solution with a reduced number of
external components in a compact footprint. The following
pages provide a board schematic, bill of materials and layout
drawings to support implementation of this solution.
• The duty cycle of the controller is limited to 66%; the
circuit will not be capable of properly regulating the output
voltage should the input be reduced to a level low enough
to induce duty cycle saturation.
• As the evaluation board (as shipped) was not optimized
for high duty cycle operation, closely monitor the board
temperatures and increase the output current only as
allowed by the board thermal behavior.
• The reduced input voltage will decrease the amount of
loop gain the modulator provides in the feedback loop, as
a result, expect a more sluggish transient response when
operating the board at reduced down-conversion voltage.
References
Intersil documents are available on the web at
www.intersil.com.
[1] ISL6308A Data Sheet, Intersil Corporation, File No.
FN6669.
• The Evaluation Board (as shipped) has the +12V
connected as the input to be down-converted and
provides gate drive bias (PVCC). Since PVCC can
assume any value between +5 and +12V, the Input can be
reduced only to 5V. If a lower input voltage is desired, the
PVCC voltage should be provided by a separate supply
whose value does not drop below +5V. The VCC bias
supply can be used in this case (consult the section
entitled “PVCC Power Options” on page 2 for more details
on how this can be accomplished).
9
AN1199.1
January 19, 2009
I
ISL6308AEVAL1Z Schematic
10
U1
Application Note 1199
ISL6308ACR
AN1199.1
January 19, 2009
I
ISL6308AEVAL1Z Schematic
I
11
Application Note 1199
AN1199.1
January 19, 2009
I
ISL6308AEVAL1Z Schematic
12
Application Note 1199
AN1199.1
January 19, 2009
I
ISL6308AEVAL1Z Schematic
13
Application Note 1199
AN1199.1
January 19, 2009
Application Note 1199
Bill of Materials for ISL6308AEVAL1Z
REFERENCE
DESIGNATOR
PART NUMBER
DESCRIPTION
CASE/
FOOTPRINT
MANUF. OR VENDOR
QTY
PCB
ISL6308AEVAL1Z
1
C1
100pF
CAPACITOR, SMD, 0805,100pF, 50V,
5%, NPO
0805
PANASONIC
VENKEL
1
C2
33000pF
CAPACITOR, SMD, 0603, 33000pF, 25V,
10%, X7R
0603
PANASONIC
VENKEL
1
C3, C15, C17, C19,
C70, C71, C91, C92
DNP
C4
0.027µF
CAPACITOR, SMD, 0603, 0.027µF, 50V,
10%, X7R
0603
Any
1
C5
0.022µF
CAPACITOR, SMD, 805, 0.022µF, 50V,
10%, X7R
0805
PANASONIC
VENKEL
1
C6, C11-C13
1.0µF
CAPACITOR, SMD, 0805, 1.0µF, 25V,
10%, X5R
0805
AVX
VENKEL
4
C7
0.01µF
CAPACITOR, SMD, 0805, 0.01µF, 50V,
10%, X7R
0805
KEMET, AVX
PANASONIC, VENKEL
1
C8-C10, C64
0.1µF,
CAPACITOR, SMD, 0805, 0.1µF, 50V,
10%, X7R
0805
MURATA, KEMET
VENKEL
4
C14, C16, C18, C55,
C67, C68, C69.
1µF
CAPACITOR, SMD, 1206, 1µF, 16V, 10%, 1206
X7R
PANASONIC
VENKEL
7
C20, C88-C90
16MBZ1800M10X23
CAP, RADIAL, 10x23, 1800µF, 16V, 20%, 10x23
ALUM.ELEC
RUBYCON
PANASONIC
4
C21-C23
22µF
CAPACITOR, SMD,1210, 22µF, 16V,
20%, X5R
1210
TDK
MURATA
2
C24-C26
10µF
CAPACITOR, SMD, 1206, 10µF, 10V,
10%, X7R
1206
VENKEL
Any
3
C27, C28, C31, C32,
C35, C36
100µF
CAPACITOR, SMD, 1210, 100µF, 6.3V,
20%, X5R
1210
TDK, PANASONIC
AVX
6
C29, C30, C33 (DNP) 4SEPC560M
Capacitor, TH,8x13mm, 560µF, 4V, 20%,
7mΩ
8mmx13mm
SANYO
0
C34, C37, C40, C41,
C44, C47, C48
4SEPC560M
Capacitor, TH, 8x13mm, 560µF, 4V, 20%, 8mmx13mm
7mΩ
SANYO
7
C38, C39, C42, C43,
C45, C46, C49-C54,
C80-C87
22µF
CAPACITOR, SMD, 1206, 22µF, 6.3V,
20%, X5R
1206
Any
20
C56
1000pF
Ceramic Capacitor, X7R,0603, 50V,10%,
1000pF
0603
MURATA, PANASONIC
VENKEL
1
C57
C3225X5R1A226M
Ceramic Capacitor, X5R, 10V, 22µF
1210
TDK
1
C58
3300pF
CAPACITOR, SMD, 0603, 3300pF, 50V,
10%, X7R
0603
VENKEL
BC COMPONENTS
1
C65
1µF
CAPACITOR, SMD, 0805, 1µF, 16V, 10%, 0805
X7R
VENKEL
KEMET
1
D1
SSL-LXA3025IGC-TR
LED, SMD, 3x2.5mm, 4P, RED/GREEN,
12/20MCD, 2V
LUMEX
1
D2
MBR0540T1G-T
DIODE-RECTIFIER, SMD, SOD-123, 2P,
40V, 0.5A
ON SEMICONDUCTOR
1
D3 (DNP)
LT1009CLPE3
IC-2.5V ADJ. SHUNT REGULATOR, TH,
3P, TO-92
TI
0
0
14
TO-92
AN1199.1
January 19, 2009
Application Note 1199
Bill of Materials for ISL6308AEVAL1Z
REFERENCE
DESIGNATOR
PART NUMBER
(Continued)
DESCRIPTION
CASE/
FOOTPRINT
MANUF. OR VENDOR
QTY
ON SEMICONDUCTOR
0
D4, D5 (DNP)
MBR0540T1G-T
DIODE-RECTIFIER, SMD, SOD-123, 2P,
40V, 0.5A
D6 (DNP)
ZMM5231B-7-T
DIODE-ZENER, SMD, MINI-MELF,
2 PIN, 5.1V, 500mW
J1-J4
KPA8CTP
MTG HDWR, CBL.TERMINAL-LUG &
SCREW, 6-14AWG
BERG/FCI
4
J5, J10
131-4353-00
CONN-GEN, SCOPE PROBE TEST PT
Tektronix
2
J7
571-0500
CONN-PLUG, BANA-INSUL-SDRLESS,
RED, 4.23mm, RA
MOUSER
1
J8
571-0100
CONN-PLUG, BANA-INSUL-SDRLESS,
BLK, 4.23mm
MOUSER
1
L1
T50-8/90-8T-16AWG-1µH
CORE, RADIAL, TH, 1.0µH, T50-8/90,
8TURNS, 16AWG
Any
1
L2-L4
IHLP5050FDERR47M01
COIL-PWR INDUCTOR, SMD, 13mm,
0.47µH, 20%, 55A, SHIELDED
VISHAY
3
L5 (DNP)
1008PS-153KLB
COIL RF INDUC, SMD, 2.74mm, 15µH,
10%, 0.6A
COILCRAFT
0
P1-P5, P7-P10,
P14-P20, P22, P26,
P28-P32, P42
5002
CONN-GEN, MINI TEST POINT,
VERTICAL, WHITE
MOUSER
24
P6, P11-P13, P21,
P23-P25, P27, P41
1514-2
CONN-GEN, TERMINAL POST, TH, 0.09
KEYSTONE
10
P40 (DNP)
1514-2
CONN-GEN, TERMINAL POST, TH, 0.09
KEYSTONE
0
Q1, Q2, Q5, Q6, Q9,
Q10
HAT2168H
MOSFET, 30V, 8.8mΩ
LFPAK
Renesas
6
Q3, Q4, Q7, Q8, Q11, HAT2165H
Q12
MOSFET, 30V, 3.4mΩ
LFPAK
Renesas
6
Q19, Q22
2N7002-7-F-T
TRANSISTOR, N-CHANNEL, 3LD,
SOT-23, 60V, 115mA
Any
2
Q20, Q21
SUD50N03-07-E3
TRANSIST-MOS, N-CHANNEL, SMD,
TO-252, 30V, 20A
VISHAY
2
Q23
CZT3019LEADFREE
TRANSISTOR, NPN, 4P, SOT-223, 120V,
1A
Central Semiconductor
1
R1
1.13kΩ
Resistor, 1.13kΩ, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Any
1
R3
1kΩ
Resistor, 1kΩ, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Any
1
R4
51.1Ω
Resistor, 51.1Ω, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Any
1
R5, R7, R9, R12,
R24-R26, R39-R42,
R47, R48, R51, R52,
R54-R57, R64-R66,
R68, R71, R73, R75,
R81R83-R85, R92,
R169
DNP
R6
20Ω
Resistor, 20Ω, 1/16W, 5%
0603
Any
1
R8, R21-R23,
R101-R103
0Ω
Resistor, 0Ω, 1/10W, 5%
0805
Any
7
0
DPAK
0
15
AN1199.1
January 19, 2009
Application Note 1199
Bill of Materials for ISL6308AEVAL1Z
REFERENCE
DESIGNATOR
PART NUMBER
(Continued)
DESCRIPTION
CASE/
FOOTPRINT
MANUF. OR VENDOR
QTY
R10, R45, R46, R62,
R63, R74, R86, R90,
R91, R93, R104R106
0Ω
Shorting resistor
0603
Any
13
R11, R32
1.87kΩ
Resistor, 1.87kΩ, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Any
2
R13
75kΩ
Resistor, 75kΩ, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Any
1
R14
47kΩ
Resistor, 47kΩ, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Any
1
R15-R17
36kΩ
Resistor, 36kΩ, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Any
3
R18-R20
806Ω
Resistor, 806Ω, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Any
3
R27-R29, R49
10kΩ
Resistor, 10kΩ, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Any
4
R30
46.4kΩ
Resistor, 46.6kΩ, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Any
1
R31, R50, R53
10.7kΩ
Resistor, 10.7kΩ, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Any
3
R33
402Ω
Resistor, 402Ω, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Any
1
R34, R36
249Ω
Resistor, 249Ω, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Any
2
R35, R37
562Ω
Resistor, 562Ω, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Any
2
R38
0.05Ω
Resistor, 0.05Ω, 1W, 5%
2512
Any
1
R43, R44
2.43kΩ
Resistor, 2.43kΩ, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Any
1
R67
301Ω
Resistor, 301Ω, 1/10W, 1%
0805
Any
1
R69
10Ω
Resistor, 10Ω, 1/10W, 1%
0805
Any
1
R70
909Ω
Resistor, 909Ω, 1/10W, 1%
0603
Any
1
R72
0Ω
Resistor, 0Ω, 1W, 5%
2512
Any
1
R82
2.4kΩ
Resistor, SMD, 0, 1/16W,5%
0603
Any
1
R94- R96
10Ω
Resistor, 10Ω, 1/16W, 5%
0603
Any
3
R100
4.99kΩ
Resistor, 4.99kΩ, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Any
1
S1, S2
GT11MSCBE-T
SWITCH-TOGGLE, SMD, ULTRAMINI,
1P, SPST MINI
C&K
2
S3, S4
BAV99LT1G-T
DIODE-SWITCHING, SMD, SOT23, 70V,
0.2A
ZETEZX INC
2
S7, S8
BAS40-06LT1G-T
DIODE-SCHOTTKY BARRIER, SMD,
SOT-23, 3P, 40V
ON SEMICONDUCTOR
1
U1
ISL6308AIRZ or
ISL6308ACRZ
IC-3 PHASE PWM CONTROLLER, 40P,
QFN, 6X6, PbFREE
Intersil
1
U2
218-2LPST
SWITCH, SMD, 2P, SLIDE, 150M
HALF-PITCHGOLD
CTS
1
U3
HIP2100IBZ
IC-HI FREQ BRIDGE DRIVER, 8P, SOIC,
100V
Intersil
1
U5 (DNP)
LT1616ES6#TRMPBF
IC-SWITCHING REGULATOR, 6P,
SOT23, 0.6A
Linear Tech
0
SOT23
NOTES:
1. DNP means do not populate
2. PCB board and all parts are RoHS (Pb-free)
16
AN1199.1
January 19, 2009
Application Note 1199
ISL6308AEVAL1Z Layout
ISL6308AEVAL1Z
REV C
FIGURE 17. TOP SILK SCREEN
FIGURE 18. TOP LAYER (1st)
17
AN1199.1
January 19, 2009
Application Note 1199
ISL6308AEVAL1Z Layout
(Continued)
FIGURE 19. GROUND LAYER (2ND)
FIGURE 20. GND/SIGNAL LAYER (3RD)
18
AN1199.1
January 19, 2009
Application Note 1199
ISL6308AEVAL1Z Layout
(Continued)
FIGURE 21. POWER LAYER (4TH)
FIGURE 22. GND LAYER (5TH)
19
AN1199.1
January 19, 2009
Application Note 1199
ISL6308AEVAL1Z Layout
(Continued)
FIGURE 23. POWER/SIGNAL LAYER (6TH)
FIGURE 24. BOTTOM SILK SCREEN
Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design, software and/or specifications at any time without notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to
verify that the Application Note or Technical Brief is current before proceeding.
For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see www.intersil.com
20
AN1199.1
January 19, 2009