LTC2977 8-Channel PMBus Power System Manager Featuring Accurate Output Voltage Measurement Description Features Sequence, Trim, Margin and Supervise Eight Power Supplies n Manage Faults, Monitor Telemetry and Create Fault Logs n PMBus Compliant Command Set n Supported by LTpowerPlay™ GUI n Margin or Trim Supplies to 0.25% Accuracy n Fast OV/UV Supervisors Per Channel n Coordinate Sequencing and Fault Management Across Multiple Chips n Automatic Fault Logging to Internal EEPROM n Operate Autonomously without Additional Software n Internal Temperature and Input Voltage Supervisors n Accurate Monitoring of Eight Output Voltages, Input Voltage and Internal Die Temperature n I2C/SMBus Serial Interface n Can Be Powered from 3.3V, or 4.5V to 15V n Programmable Watchdog Timer n 100% Pin-Compatible Upgrade to the LTC2978/LTC2978A n Available in 64-pin 9mm × 9mm QFN Package The LTC®2977 is an 8-channel Power System Manager used to sequence, trim (servo), margin, supervise, manage faults, provide telemetry and create fault logs. PMBus commands support power supply sequencing, precision point-of-load voltage adjustment and margining. DACs use a proprietary soft-connect algorithm to minimize supply disturbances. Supervisory functions include overvoltage and undervoltage threshold limits for eight power supply output channels and one power supply input channel, as well as over and under temperature limits. Programmable fault responses can disable the power supplies with optional retry after a fault is detected. Faults that disable a power supply can automatically trigger black box EEPROM storage of fault status and associated telemetry. An internal 16-bit ADC monitors eight output voltages, one input voltage, and die temperature. In addition, odd numbered channels can be configured to measure the voltage across a current sense resistor. A programmable watchdog timer monitors microprocessor activity for a stalled condition and resets the microprocessor if necessary. A single wire bus synchronizes power supplies across multiple LTC power system management devices. Configuration EEPROM supports autonomous operation without additional software. n Applications n n n n n Computers and Network Servers Industrial Test and Measurement High Reliability Systems Medical Imaging Video L, LT, LTC, LTM, PolyPhase, Linear Technology and the Linear logo are registered trademarks and LTpowerPlay is a trademark of Linear Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Protected by U.S. Patents including 7382303, 7420359 and 7940091. Typical Application 8-Channel PMBus Power System Manager Typical ADC Total Unadjusted Error vs Temperature VIN 4.5V < VIBUS < 15V** VIN_SNS 3.3V** VDD33 VDACP0 TO INTERMEDIATE BUS CONVERTER ENABLE VIN_EN SDA PMBus INTERFACE WRITE-PROTECT TO/FROM OTHER LTC POWER SUPPLY MANAGERS VSENSEP0 LTC2977* SCL R30 R20 R10 ALERTB VSENSEM0 SGND CONTROL0 VOUT_EN0 RUN/SS GND WP FAULTB00 PWRGD WDI/RESETB ASEL0 SHARE_CLK GND ASEL1 2977 TA01a TO µP RESETB INPUT 0.20 DIGITALLY MANAGED POWER SUPPLY VFB LOAD VDACM0 0.25 VOUT WATCHDOG TIMER INTERRUPT *SOME DETAILS OMITTED FOR CLARITY ONLY ONE OF EIGHT CHANNELS SHOWN **MAY BE POWERED FROM EITHER AN EXTERNAL 3.3V SUPPLY OR THE INTERMEDIATE BUS VSENSEP0 = 1.8V THREE TYPICAL PARTS 0.15 0.10 ERROR (%) VPWR 0.05 0 –0.05 –0.10 –0.15 –0.20 –0.25 –50 –30 –10 10 30 50 70 TEMPERATURE (°C) 90 110 2977 TA01b 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 1 LTC2977 Table of Contents Features...................................................... 1 Applications................................................. 1 Typical Application......................................... 1 Description.................................................. 1 Absolute Maximum Ratings............................... 4 Order Information........................................... 4 Pin Configuration........................................... 4 Electrical Characteristics.................................. 5 PMBus Timing Diagram.................................... 9 Typical Performance Characteristics................... 10 Pin Functions............................................... 13 Block Diagram.............................................. 15 Operation................................................... 16 Operation Overview................................................. 16 EEPROM.............................................................. 17 Reset....................................................................... 17 Write-Protect Pin..................................................... 17 Other Operations..................................................... 17 Clock Sharing...................................................... 17 PMBus Serial Digital Interface................................. 18 PMBus................................................................. 18 Device Address.................................................... 21 Processing Commands........................................22 PMBus Command Summary............................. 23 Summary Table....................................................23 Data Formats....................................................... 27 PMBus Command Description........................... 28 Addressing and Write Protect.................................. 28 PAGE................................................................... 28 WRITE_PROTECT................................................ 28 MFR_PAGE_FF_MASK........................................29 MFR_I2C_BASE_ADDRESS................................29 MFR_COMMAND_PLUS, MFR_DATA_PLUS0, MFR_DATA_PLUS1, MFR_STATUS_PLUS0, and MFR_STATUS_PLUS1.........................................30 Reading Fault Log Using Command Plus and Mfr_data_plus0................................................... 31 Peek Operation using Mfr_data_plus0................ 32 Enabling and Disabling Poke Operations............. 32 Poke Operation Using Mfr_data_plus0................ 32 Command Plus Operations Using Mfr_data_plus1.. 32 Operation, Mode and EEPROM Commands.............33 OPERATION.........................................................33 ON_OFF_CONFIG.................................................34 CLEAR_FAULTS..................................................34 STORE_USER_ALL and RESTORE_USER_ALL..35 CAPABILITY.........................................................35 VOUT_MODE.......................................................35 2 Output Voltage Related Commands.........................36 VOUT_COMMAND, VOUT_MAX, VOUT_MARGIN_ HIGH, VOUT_MARGIN_LOW, VOUT_OV_FAULT_ LIMIT, VOUT_OV_WARN_LIMIT, VOUT_UV_ WARN_LIMIT, VOUT_UV_FAULT_LIMIT, POWER_ GOOD_ON and POWER_GOOD_OFF...................36 Input Voltage Related Commands............................36 VIN_ON, VIN_OFF, VIN_OV_FAULT_LIMIT, VIN_ OV_WARN_LIMIT, VIN_UV_WARN_LIMIT and VIN_UV_FAULT_LIMIT........................................36 Temperature Related Commands............................. 37 OT_FAULT_LIMIT, OT_WARN_LIMIT, UT_WARN_ LIMIT and UT_FAULT_LIMIT................................ 37 Timer Limits............................................................ 37 TON_DELAY, TON_RISE, TON_MAX_FAULT_ LIMIT and TOFF_DELAY...................................... 37 Fault Response for Voltages Measured by the High Speed Supervisor....................................................38 VOUT_OV_FAULT_RESPONSE and VOUT_UV_ FAULT_RESPONSE..............................................38 Fault Response for Values Measured by the ADC.... 39 OT_FAULT_RESPONSE, UT_FAULT_RESPONSE, VIN_OV_FAULT_RESPONSE and VIN_UV_FAULT_ RESPONSE..........................................................39 Timed Fault Response.............................................40 TON_MAX_FAULT_RESPONSE...........................40 Status Commands................................................... 41 STATUS_BYTE..................................................... 41 STATUS_WORD................................................... 41 STATUS_VOUT.................................................... 42 STATUS_INPUT................................................... 42 STATUS_TEMPERATURE..................................... 42 STATUS_CML......................................................43 STATUS_MFR_SPECIFIC.....................................43 ADC Monitoring Commands....................................44 READ_VIN...........................................................44 READ_VOUT........................................................44 READ_TEMPERATURE_1....................................44 PMBUS_REVISION..............................................44 Manufacturer Specific Commands...........................45 MFR_CONFIG_LTC2977......................................45 Tracking Supplies On and Off..............................46 Tracking Implementation.....................................48 MFR_CONFIG_ALL_LTC2977............................. 49 MFR_FAULTBz0_PROPAGATE, MFR_FAULTBz1_ PROPAGATE........................................................50 MFR_PWRGD_EN............................................... 51 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 Table of Contents MFR_FAULTB00_RESPONSE, MFR_FAULTB01_ RESPONSE, MFR_FAULTB10_RESPONSE and MFR_FAULTB11_RESPONSE............................... 52 MFR_VINEN_OV_FAULT_RESPONSE..................53 MFR_VINEN_UV_FAULT_RESPONSE..................54 MFR_RETRY_COUNT..........................................55 MFR_RETRY_DELAY...........................................55 MFR_RESTART_DELAY.......................................55 MFR_VOUT_PEAK...............................................56 MFR_VIN_PEAK..................................................56 MFR_TEMPERATURE_PEAK...............................56 MFR_DAC............................................................ 57 MFR_POWERGOOD_ASSERTION_DELAY.......... 57 MFR_PADS..........................................................58 MFR_SPECIAL_ID............................................... 59 MFR_SPECIAL_LOT............................................ 59 MFR_VOUT_DISCHARGE_THRESHOLD.............. 59 MFR_COMMON...................................................60 USER_DATA_00, USER_DATA_01, USER_ DATA_02, USER_DATA_03, USER_DATA_04, MFR_LTC_RESERVED_1 and MFR_LTC_ RESERVED_2......................................................60 MFR_VOUT_MIN................................................. 61 MFR_VIN_MIN.................................................... 61 MFR_TEMPERATURE_MIN................................. 61 MFR_STATUS_2..................................................62 MFR_TELEMETRY...............................................63 Watchdog Operation................................................64 MFR_WATCHDOG_T_FIRST and MFR_ WATCHDOG_T.....................................................64 Bulk Programming the User EEPROM Space...........65 MFR_EE_UNLOCK...............................................65 MFR_EE_ERASE.................................................66 MFR_EE_DATA....................................................66 Response When Part Is Busy.............................. 67 MFR_EE Erase and Write Programming Time..... 67 Fault Log Operation................................................. 67 MFR_FAULT_LOG_STORE.................................. 67 MFR_FAULT_LOG_RESTORE.............................. 67 MFR_FAULT_LOG_CLEAR...................................68 MFR_FAULT_LOG_STATUS.................................68 MFR_FAULT_LOG................................................69 Applications Information................................. 76 Overview.................................................................. 76 Powering the LTC2977............................................ 76 Setting Command Register Values.......................... 76 Sequence, Servo, Margin and Restart Operations... 76 Command Units On or Off................................... 76 On Sequencing....................................................77 On State Operation..............................................77 Servo Modes.......................................................77 DAC Modes..........................................................77 Margining............................................................ 78 Off Sequencing.................................................... 78 VOUT Off Threshold Voltage................................. 78 Automatic Restart Via MFR_RESTART_DELAY Command and CONTROLn pin............................ 78 Fault Management................................................... 78 Output Overvoltage and Undervoltage Faults...... 78 Output Overvoltage and Undervoltage Warnings............................................................. 79 Configuring the VIN_EN Output............................. 79 Multichannel Fault Management ......................... 81 Interconnect Between Multiple LTC2977’s............... 81 Application Circuits..................................................82 Trimming and Margining DC/DC Converters with External Feedback Resistors...............................82 Four-Step Resistor Selection Procedure for DC/DC Converters with External Feedback Resistors.....83 Trimming and Margining DC/DC Converters with a TRIM Pin...................................................84 Two-Step Resistor and DAC Full-Scale Voltage Selection Procedure for DC/DC Converters with a TRIM Pin...................................................84 Measuring Current...............................................84 Measuring Current with a Sense Resistor...........85 Measuring Current with Inductor DCR.................85 Single Phase Design Example.............................85 Measuring Multiphase Currents..........................85 Multiphase Design Example................................86 Anti-aliasing Filter Considerations.......................86 Sensing Negative Voltages.................................. 87 Connecting the DC1613 USB to I2C/SMBus/PMBus Controller to the LTC2977 in System....................... 87 Design Checklist......................................................89 LTpowerPlay: An Interactive GUI for Power System Managers.................................................................89 PCB Assembly and Layout Suggestions..................90 Bypass Capacitor Placement...............................90 Exposed Pad Stencil Design................................90 PC Board Layout................................................. 91 Unused ADC Sense Inputs................................... 91 Package Description...................................... 92 Revision History........................................... 93 Typical Application........................................ 94 Related Parts............................................... 94 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 3 LTC2977 Supply Voltages: VPWR to GND.......................................... –0.3V to 15V VDD33 to GND........................................ –0.3V to 3.6V VDD25 to GND...................................... –0.3V to 2.75V Digital Input/Output Voltages: ALERTB, SDA, SCL, CONTROL0, CONTROL1............................................. –0.3V to 5.5V PWRGD, SHARE_CLK, WDI/RESETB, WP.....................–0.3V to VDD33 + 0.3V FAULTB00, FAULTB01, FAULTB10, FAULTB11.................................–0.3V to VDD33 + 0.3V ASEL0, ASEL1...........................–0.3V to VDD33 + 0.3V Analog Voltages: REFP.................................................... –0.3V to 1.35V REFM to GND......................................... –0.3V to 0.3V VIN_SNS to GND...................................... –0.3V to 15V VSENSEP[7:0] to GND.................................. –0.3V to 6V VSENSEM[7:0] to GND................................. –0.3V to 6V VOUT_EN[3:0], VIN_EN to GND................... –0.3V to 15V VOUT_EN[7:4] to GND.................................. –0.3V to 6V VDACP[7:0] to GND..................................... –0.3V to 6V VDACM[7:0] to GND ................................. –0.3V to 0.3V Operating Junction Temperature Range: LTC2977C................................................. 0°C to 70°C LTC2977I.......................................... –40°C to 105°C* Storage Temperature Range................... –65°C to 150°C Maximum Junction Temperature......................... 125°C* Pin Configuration TOP VIEW 64 VSENSEP6 63 VSENSEM5 62 VSENSEP5 61 VDACM7 60 VDACP7 59 VDACP6 58 VDACM6 57 VDACM5 56 VDACP5 55 VDACP4 54 VDACM4 53 VSENSEM4 52 VSENSEP4 51 VDACM3 50 VDACP3 49 VSENSEM3 (Notes 1, 2) VSENSEM6 1 VSENSEP7 2 VSENSEM7 3 VOUT_EN0 4 VOUT_EN1 5 VOUT_EN2 6 VOUT_EN3 7 VOUT_EN4 8 VOUT_EN5 9 VOUT_EN6 10 VOUT_EN7 11 VIN_EN 12 DNC 13 VIN_SNS 14 VPWR 15 VDD33 16 65 GND 48 VSENSEP3 47 VSENSEM2 46 VSENSEP2 45 VDACM2 44 VDACP2 43 VSENSEM1 42 VSENSEP1 41 VDACM1 40 VDACP1 39 VDACP0 38 VDACM0 37 VSENSEM0 36 VSENSEP0 35 REFM 34 REFP 33 ASEL1 VDD33 17 VDD25 18 WP 19 PWRGD 20 SHARE_CLK 21 WDI/RESETB 22 FAULTB00 23 FAULTB01 24 FAULTB10 25 FAULTB11 26 SDA 27 SCL 28 ALERTB 29 CONTROL0 30 CONTROL1 31 ASEL0 32 Absolute Maximum Ratings UP PACKAGE 64-LEAD (9mm × 9mm) PLASTIC QFN TJMAX = 125°C, θJA-TOP = 28°C/W, θJC-BOTTOM = 1°C/W EXPOSED PAD (PIN 65) IS GND, MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB *See OPERATION section for detailed EEPROM derating information for junction temperatures in excess of 105°C. Order Information LEAD FREE FINISH TAPE AND REEL PART MARKING* PACKAGE DESCRIPTION JUNCTION TEMPERATURE RANGE LTC2977CUP#PBF LTC2977CUP#TRPBF LTC2977UP 64-Lead (9mm × 9mm) Plastic QFN 0°C to 70°C LTC2977IUP#PBF LTC2977IUP#TRPBF LTC2977UP 64-Lead (9mm × 9mm) Plastic QFN –40°C to 105°C Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges. *The temperature grade is identified by a label on the shipping container. Consult LTC Marketing for information on non-standard lead based finish parts. For more information on lead free part marking, go to: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/ For more information on tape and reel specifications, go to: http://www.linear.com/tapeandreel/ 4 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 Electrical Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TJ = 25°C. VPWR = VIN_SNS = 12V, VDD33, VDD25, REFP and REFM pins floating, unless otherwise indicated. CVDD33 = 100nF, CVDD25 = 100nF and CREF = 100nF. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS 15 V 10 13 mA 10 13 mA 2.55 2.8 V Power Supply Characteristics VPWR VPWR Supply Input Operating Range IPWR VPWR Supply Current 4.5V ≤ VPWR ≤ 15V, VDD33 Floating l IVDD33 VDD33 Supply Current 3.13V ≤ VDD33 ≤ 3.47V, VPWR = VDD33 l VUVLO_VDD33 VDD33 Undervoltage Lockout VDD33 Ramping Up, VPWR = VDD33 l l 4.5 2.35 VDD33 Undervoltage Lockout Hysteresis VDD33 120 Supply Input Operating Range VPWR = VDD33 l 3.13 Regulator Output Voltage 4.5V ≤ VPWR ≤ 15V l 3.13 mV 3.47 V 3.26 3.47 V Regulator Output Short-Circuit Current VPWR = 4.5V, VDD33 = 0V l 75 90 140 mA VDD25 Regulator Output Voltage l 2.35 2.5 2.6 V l 30 55 80 mA tINIT Initialization Time 3.13V ≤ VDD33 ≤ 3.47V Regulator Output Short-Circuit Current VPWR = VDD33 = 3.47V, VDD25 = 0V Time from VIN Applied Until the TON_DELAY Timer Starts 30 ms Voltage Reference Characteristics VREF Output Voltage VREF = VREFP – VREFM, 0 < IREFP < 100µA 1.232 Temperature Coefficient Hysteresis V 3 (Note 3) ppm/°C 100 ppm ADC Characteristics VIN_ADC Voltage Sense Input Range Differential Voltage: VIN_ADC = (VSENSEPn – VSENSEMn) l 0 6 V Single-Ended Voltage: VSENSEMn l –0.1 0.1 V Current Sense Input Range (Odd Numbered Channels Only) Single-Ended Voltage: VSENSEPn, VSENSEMn l –0.1 6 V Differential Voltage: VIN_ADC l –170 170 Voltage Sense Resolution Uses L16 Format 0V ≤ VIN_ADC ≤ 6V Current Sense Resolution (Odd Numbered Channels Only) 0mV ≤ |VIN_ADC| < 16mV (Note 11) 16mV ≤ |VIN_ADC| < 32mV 32mV ≤ |VIN_ADC| < 63.9mV 63.9mV ≤ |VIN_ADC| < 127.9mV 127.9mV ≤ |VIN_ADC| TUE_ADC_ VOLT_SNS Total Unadjusted Error Voltage Sense Mode VIN_ADC ≥ 1V l ±0.25 Voltage Sense Mode 0 ≤ VIN_ADC ≤ 1V l ±2.5 mV TUE_ADC_ CURR_SNS Total Unadjusted Error Current Sense Mode, Odd Numbered Channels Only, 20mV ≤ VIN_ADC ≤ 170mV l ±0.7 % of Reading Current Sense Mode, Odd Numbered Channels Only, VIN_ADC ≤ 20mV l 140 µV l ±35 µV N_ADC mV 122 µV/LSB 15.625 31.25 62.5 125 250 µV/LSB µV/LSB µV/LSB µV/LSB µV/LSB % of Reading VOS_ADC Offset Error Current Sense Mode, Odd Numbered Channels Only tCONV_ADC Conversion Time Voltage Sense Mode (Note 4) 6.15 ms Current Sense Mode (Note 4) 24.6 ms Temperature Input (Note 4) 24.6 ms Odd Numbered Channels in Current Sense Mode (Note 4) 160 ms tUPDATE_ADC Maximum Update Time 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 5 LTC2977 Electrical Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TJ = 25°C. VPWR = VIN_SNS = 12V; VDD33, VDD25, REFP and REFM pins floating, unless otherwise indicated. CVDD33 = 100nF, CVDD25 = 100nF and CREF = 100nF. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN CIN_ADC Input Sampling Capacitance fIN_ADC Input Sampling Frequency IIN_ADC Input Leakage Current VIN_ADC = 0V, 0V ≤ VCOMMONMODE ≤ 6V, Current Sense Mode l Differential Input Current VIN_ADC = 0.17V, Current Sense Mode l VIN_ADC = 6V, Voltage Sense Mode l TYP MAX UNITS 1 pF 62.5 kHz ±0.5 µA 80 250 nA 10 15 µA DAC Output Characteristics N_VDACP Resolution VFS_VDACP Full-Scale Output Voltage (Programmable) DAC Code = 0x3FF Buffer Gain Setting_0 DAC Polarity = 1 Buffer Gain Setting_1 l l 10 1.32 2.53 1.38 2.65 Bits 1.44 2.77 V V INL_VDACP Integral Nonlinearity (Note 5) l ±2 LSB DNL_VDACP Differential Nonlinearity (Note 5) l ±2.4 LSB VOS_VDACP Offset Voltage (Note 5) l VDACP Load Regulation (VDACPn – VDACMn) VDACPn = 2.65V, IVDACPn Sourcing = 2mA 100 ppm/mA VDACPn = 0.1V, IVDACPn Sinking = 2mA 100 ppm/mA PSRR (VDACPn – VDACMn) DC: 3.13V ≤ VDD33 ≤ 3.47V, VPWR = VDD33 60 dB 100mV Step in 20ns with 50pF Load 40 dB DC CMRR (VDACPn – VDACMn) –0.1V ≤ VDACMn ≤ 0.1V 60 dB ±10 Leakage Current VDACPn Hi-Z, 0V ≤ VDACPn ≤ 6V l Short-Circuit Current Low VDACPn Shorted to GND l –10 l 4 mV ±100 nA –4 mA 10 mA Short-Circuit Current High VDACPn Shorted to VDD33 COUT Output Capacitance VDACPn Hi-Z 10 pF tS_VDACP DAC Output Update Rate Fast Servo Mode 250 µs Voltage Supervisor Characteristics VIN_VS N_VS TUE_VS tS_VS Input Voltage Range (Programmable) Voltage Sensing Resolution Total Unadjusted Error VIN_VS = (VSENSEPn Low Resolution Mode – VSENSEMn) High Resolution Mode l l 0 0 6 3.8 V V Single-Ended Voltage: VSENSEMn l –0.1 0.1 V 0V to 3.8V Range: High Resolution Mode 4 mV/LSB 0V to 6V Range: Low Resolution Mode 8 mV/LSB 2V ≤ VIN_VS ≤ 6V, Low Resolution Mode l ±1.25 % 1.5V < VIN_VS ≤ 3.8V, High Resolution Mode l ±1.0 % 0.8V ≤ VIN_VS ≤ 1.5V, High Resolution Mode l ±1.5 % Update Rate 12.21 µs VIN_SNS Input Characteristics VVIN_SNS VIN_SNS Input Voltage Range RVIN_SNS VIN_SNS Input Resistance TUEVIN_SNS VIN_ON, VIN_OFF Threshold Total Unadjusted Error 3V ≤ VVIN_SNS ≤ 8V l VVIN_SNS > 8V l ±1.0 % READ_VIN Total Unadjusted Error 3V ≤ VVIN_SNS ≤ 8V l ±1.5 % VVIN_SNS > 8V l ±1.0 % 6 l 0 l 70 90 15 V 110 kΩ ±2.0 % 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 Electrical Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TJ = 25°C. VPWR = VIN_SNS = 12V; VDD33, VDD25, REFP and REFM pins floating, unless otherwise indicated. CVDD33 = 100nF, CVDD25 = 100nF and CREF = 100nF. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS DAC Soft-Connect Comparator Characteristics VOS_CMP Offset Voltage VDACPn = 0.2V l ±1 ±18 mV VDACPn = 1.3V l ±2 ±26 mV VDACPn = 2.65V l ±3 ±52 mV Temperature Sensor Characteristics TUE_TS Total Unadjusted Error ±1 °C VOUT Enable Output (VOUT_EN [3:0]) Characteristics VVOUT_ENn Output High Voltage (Note 10) IVOUT_ENn = –5µA, VDD33 = 3.3V l 10 12.5 14.7 IVOUT_ENn Output Sourcing Current VVOUT_ENn Pull-Up Enabled, VVOUT_ENn = 1V l –5 –6 –8 µA Output Sinking Current Strong Pull-Down Enabled, VVOUT_ENn = 0.4V l 3 5 8 mA Weak Pull-Down Enabled, VVOUT_ENn = 0.4V l 33 50 60 µA ±1 µA 9 mA ±1 µA V Output Leakage Current Internal Pull-Up Disabled, 0V ≤ VVOUT_ENn ≤ 15V l Output Sinking Current Strong Pull-Down Enabled, VOUT_ENn = 0.1V l Output Leakage Current 0V ≤ VVOUT_ENn ≤ 6V l V VOUT Enable Output (VOUT_EN [7:4]) Characteristics IVOUT_ENn 3 6 VIN Enable Output (VIN_EN) Characteristics VVIN_EN Output High Voltage IVIN_EN = –5µA, VDD33 = 3.3V l 10 12.5 14.7 IVIN_EN Output Sourcing Current VIN_EN Pull-Up Enabled, VVIN_EN = 1V l –5 –6 –8 µA Output Sinking Current VVIN_EN = 0.4V l 3 5 8 mA Leakage Current Internal Pull-Up Disabled, 0V ≤ VVIN_EN ≤ 15V l ±1 µA EEPROM Characteristics Endurance (Notes 6, 9) 0°C < TJ < 85°C During EEPROM Write Operations l 10,000 Retention (Notes 6, 9) TJ < 105°C l 20 tMASS_WRITE Mass Write Operation Time (Note 7) STORE_USER_ALL, 0°C < TJ < 85°C During l EEPROM Write Operations Cycles Years 440 4100 ms Digital Inputs SCL, SDA, CONTROL0, CONTROL1, WDI/RESETB, FAULTB00, FAULTB01, FAULTB10, FAULTB11, WP VIH High Level Input Voltage l VIL Low Level Input Voltage l VHYST Input Hysteresis ILEAK Input Leakage Current 2.1 V 1.5 20 V mV 0V ≤ VPIN ≤ 5.5V, SDA, SCL, CONTROLn Pins Only l ±2 µA 0V ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD33 + 0.3V, FAULTBzn, WDI/RESETB, WP Pins Only l ±2 µA tSP Pulse Width of Spike Suppressed FAULTBzn, CONTROLn Pins Only tFAULT_MIN Minimum Low Pulse Width for Externally Generated Faults tRESETB Pulse Width to Assert Reset VWDI/RESETB ≤ 1.5V tWDI Pulse Width to Reset Watchdog Timer VWDI/RESETB ≤ 1.5V 10 SDA, SCL Pins Only µs 98 ns 110 ms l 300 µs l 0.3 200 µs 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 7 LTC2977 Electrical Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TJ = 25°C. VPWR = VIN_SNS = 12V; VDD33, VDD25, REFP and REFM pins floating, unless otherwise indicated. CVDD33 = 100nF, CVDD25 = 100nF and CREF = 100nF. SYMBOL PARAMETER fWDI Watchdog Interrupt Input Frequency CIN Digital Input Capacitance CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX 1 l 10 UNITS MHz pF Digital Input SHARE_CLK VIH High Level Input Voltage l VIL Low Level Input Voltage l fSHARE_CLK_IN Input Frequency Operating Range 1.6 l 90 0.825 tLOW Assertion Low Time VSHARE_CLK < 0.8V l tRISE Rise Time VSHARE_CLK < 0.8V to VSHARE_CLK > 1.6V l ILEAK Input Leakage Current 0V ≤ VSHARE_CLK ≤ VDD33 + 0.3V l CIN Input Capacitance V 0.8 V 110 kHz 1.1 µs 450 ns ±1 µA 10 pF Digital Outputs SDA, ALERTB, PWRGD, SHARE_CLK, FAULTB00, FAULTB01, FAULTB10, FAULTB11 VOL Digital Output Low Voltage fSHARE_CLK_OUT Output Frequency Operating Range ISINK = 3mA l 5.49kΩ Pull-Up to VDD33 l 90 VDD33 – 0.5 100 0.4 V 110 kHz Digital Inputs ASEL0,ASEL1 VIH Input High Threshold Voltage l VIL Input Low Threshold Voltage l 0.5 V IIH,IL High, Low Input Current l ±95 µA IIH, Z Hi-Z Input Current ±24 µA CIN Input Capacitance ASEL[1:0] = 0, VDD33 V l 10 pF Serial Bus Timing Characteristics fSCL Serial Clock Frequency (Note 8) l 10 400 kHz tLOW Serial Clock Low Period (Note 8) l 1.3 µs tHIGH Serial Clock High Period (Note 8) l 0.6 µs tBUF Bus Free Time Between Stop and Start (Note 8) l 1.3 µs tHD,STA Start Condition Hold Time (Note 8) l 600 ns tSU,STA Start Condition Setup Time (Note 8) l 600 ns tSU,STO Stop Condition Setup Time (Note 8) l 600 ns tHD,DAT Data Hold Time (LTC2977 Receiving Data) (Note 8) l 0 ns Data Hold Time (LTC2977 Transmitting Data) (Note 8) l 300 tSU,DAT Data Setup Time (Note 8) l 100 tSP Pulse Width of Spike Suppressed (Note 8) tTIMEOUT_BUS Time Allowed to Complete any PMBus Longer Timeout = 0 Command After Which Time SDA Will Longer Timeout = 1 Be Released and Command Terminated 900 ns 98 l l ns 25 200 ns 35 280 ms ms Additional Digital Timing Characteristics tOFF_MIN 8 Minimum Off Time for Any Channel 100 ms 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 Electrical Characteristics Note 1: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute Maximum Rating for extended periods may affect device reliability and lifetime. Note 2: All currents into device pins are positive. All currents out of device pins are negative. All voltages are referenced to ground unless otherwise specified. If power is supplied to the chip via the VDD33 pin only, connect VPWR and VDD33 pins together. Note 3: Hysteresis in the output voltage is created by package stress that differs depending on whether the IC was previously at a higher or lower temperature. Output voltage is always measured at 25°C, but the IC is cycled to 105°C or –40°C before successive measurements. Hysteresis is roughly proportional to the square of the temperature change. Note 4: The time between successive ADC conversions (latency of the ADC) for any given channel is given as: 36.9ms + (6.15ms • number of ADC channels configured in Low Resolution mode) + (24.6ms • number of ADC channels configured in High Resolution mode). Note 5: Nonlinearity is defined from the first code that is greater than or equal to the maximum offset specification to full-scale code, 1023. Note 6: EEPROM endurance and retention are guaranteed by design, characterization and correlation with statistical process controls. The minimum retention specification applies for devices whose EEPROM has been cycled less than the minimum endurance specification. Note 7: The LTC2977 will not acknowledge any PMBus commands except for MFR_COMMON, while a mass write operation is being executed. This includes the STORE_USER_ALL and MFR_FAULT_LOG_STORE commands or a fault log store initiated by a channel faulting off. Note 8: Maximum capacitive load, CB, for SCL and SDA is 400pF. Data and clock rise time (tr) and fall time (tf) are: (20 + 0.1 • CB) (ns) < tr < 300ns and (20 + 0.1 • CB) (ns) < tf < 300ns. CB = capacitance of one bus line in pF. SCL and SDA external pull-up voltage, VIO, is 3.13V < VIO < 5.5V. Note 9: EEPROM endurance and retention will be degraded when TJ > 105°C. Note 10: Output enable pins are charge-pumped from VDD33. Note 11: The current sense resolution is determined by the L11 format and the mV units of the returned value. For example, a full-scale value of 170mV returns an L11 value of 0xF2A8 = 680 • 2–2 = 170. This is the lowest range that can represent this value without overflowing the L11 mantissa and the resolution for 1LSB in this range is 2–2 mV = 250µV. Each successively lower range improves resolution by cutting the LSB size in half. PMBus Timing Diagram SDA tf tLOW tr tSU(DAT) tHD(SDA) tf tSP tr tBUF SCL tHD(STA) START CONDITION tHD(DAT) tHIGH tSU(STA) tSU(STO) 2977 TD REPEATED START CONDITION STOP CONDITION START CONDITION 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 9 LTC2977 Typical Performance Characteristics Temperature Sensor Error vs Temperature Reference Voltage vs Temperature 1.2325 ADC Total Unadjusted Error vs Temperature 1.6 0.25 1.2320 1.4 0.20 1.2315 1.2 1.2310 1.0 1.2305 1.2300 0.6 0.4 1.2290 0.2 1.2285 0 –50 –30 –10 10 30 50 70 TEMPERATURE (°C) 90 0.15 0.8 1.2295 110 –0.20 –50 –30 –10 10 30 50 70 TEMPERATURE (°C) 110 90 –0.25 –50 –30 –10 10 30 50 70 TEMPERATURE (°C) 2.5 ERROR (LSBs) 100 50 0 –50 –100 ADC-DNL 0.8 122µV/LSB 2.0 0.4 1.5 0.2 1.0 0 –0.2 0.5 –0.4 0 –150 –0.6 –200 –1.0 –0.8 90 –1.5 –0.2 110 0.8 1.8 2.8 3.8 4.8 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) SUPERVISOR ERROR (%) NUMBER OF READINGS 600 400 200 0 –20 10 –10 0 10 READ_VOUT (µV) 20 2977 G07 1.8 2.8 3.8 4.8 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 5.8 Input Sampling Current vs Differential Input Voltage 9 1.0 VIN = 0V HIGH RESOLUTION MODE 800 0.8 2977 G06 Voltage Supervisor Total Unadjusted Error vs Temperature ADC Noise Histogram 1000 –1.0 –0.2 2977 G05 2977 G04 1200 5.8 VSENSEP0 = 1.5V 0.8 HIGH RESOLUTION MODE THREE TYPICAL PARTS 0.6 8 INPUT SAMPLING CURRENT (µA) –50 –30 –10 10 30 50 70 TEMPERATURE (°C) 122µV/LSB 0.6 –0.5 –250 110 2977 G03 ERROR (LSBs) VOLTAGE SENSE MODE THREE TYPICAL PARTS 90 2977 G02 ADC-INL 3.0 150 OFFSET (µV) 0 –0.05 –0.15 ADC Zero Code Center Offset Voltage vs Temperature 200 0.05 –0.10 2977 G01 250 VSENSEP0 = 1.8V THREE TYPICAL PARTS 0.10 ERROR (%) ERROR (°C) REFERENCE OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) THREE TYPICAL PARTS 0.4 0.2 0 –0.2 –0.4 –0.6 7 6 5 4 3 2 –0.8 1 –1.0 –50 –30 –10 10 30 50 70 TEMPERATURE (°C) 0 90 110 2977 G08 0 1 2 3 4 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 5 6 2977 G09 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 Typical Performance Characteristics DAC Full-Scale Output Voltage vs Temperature 2.68 80 2.67 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 GAIN SETTING = 1 THREE TYPICAL PARTS 8 2.66 2.65 2.64 2.63 2.62 2.61 10 0 0 2.60 –50 –30 –10 10 30 50 70 TEMPERATURE (°C) 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 DIFFERENTIAL INPUT VOLTAGE (mV) DAC Short-Circuit Current vs Temperature 90 4 2 0 –2 –4 –6 –10 –50 –30 –10 10 30 50 70 TEMPERATURE (°C) 110 110 2977 G12 Closed-Loop Servo Accuracy 100 1000 GAIN SETTING = 1 THREE TYPICAL PARTS 90 2977 G11 90 8 7 6 5 80 100 NUMBER OF PARTS 9 6 DAC Output Impedance vs Frequency OUTPUT IMPEDANCE (Ω) 10 GAIN SETTING = 1 THREE TYPICAL PARTS –8 2977 G10 SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT (mA) DAC Offset Voltage vs Temperature DAC OUTPUT VOLTAGE (mV) 90 DAC OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) DIFFERENTIAL INPUT CURRENT (nA) ADC High Resolution Mode Differential Input Current 10 1 70 60 50 40 30 20 0.1 10 4 –50 –30 –10 10 30 50 70 TEMPERATURE (°C) 90 110 0.01 0.01 0.1 2977 G13 10 1 FREQUENCY (kHz) 100 1000 0 –0.25 0.05 –0.05 ERROR (%) 0.15 2977 G14 0.25 2977 G25 DAC Soft-Connect Transient Response when Transitioning from Hi-Z State to ON State DAC Transient Response to 1LSB DAC Code Change –0.15 DAC Soft-Connect Transient Response when Transitioning from ON State to Hi-Z State CODE ‘h200 HI-Z 500µV/DIV HI-Z 10mV/DIV 10mV/DIV CONNECTED CODE ‘h1FF 2µs/DIV 2977 G15 500µs/DIV 100k SERIES RESISTANCE ON CODE: ‘h1FF CONNECTED 2977 G16 500µs/DIV 100k SERIES RESISTANCE ON CODE: ‘h1FF 2977 G17 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 11 LTC2977 Typical Performance Characteristics VDD33 Regulator Output Voltage vs Temperature VDD33 Regulator Load Regulation THREE TYPICAL PARTS 3.26 3.28 3.24 3.27 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) Supply Current vs Supply Voltage 3.28 3.26 3.25 3.24 –40°C 3.22 3.20 25°C SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 3.29 105°C 3.18 3.16 3.14 3.23 3.12 3.22 –50 –30 –10 10 30 50 70 TEMPERATURE (°C) 90 110 3.10 0 20 40 60 80 100 CURRENT SOURCING (mA) 2977 G18 4 6 8 12 10 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 13.5 OUTUPT HIGH VOLTAGE (V) 9.3 9.2 9.1 9.0 8.9 105°C 13.0 25°C 12.5 –40°C 12.0 11.5 11.0 10.5 90 9.5 110 0 2 3 4 5 CURRENT SOURCING (µA) 1 7 6 2977 G21 2977 G22 VOUT_EN[3:0] and VIN_EN Output VOL vs Current VOUT_EN[7:4] VOL vs Current 0.6 1.4 1.2 105°C 105°C 0.5 25°C 1.0 25°C 0.4 0.8 VOL (V) VOL (V) 2977 G20 10.0 8.8 –50 –30 –10 10 30 50 70 TEMPERATURE (°C) –40°C 0.6 0.3 –40°C 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.2 12 16 14.0 VPWR = 15V 9.4 0 14 VOUT_EN[3:0] and VIN_EN Output High Voltage vs Current 9.5 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) TEMPERATURE = 33°C THREE TYPICAL PARTS 2977 G19 Supply Current vs Temperature 9.6 120 9.24 9.22 9.20 9.18 9.16 9.14 9.12 9.10 9.08 9.06 9.04 9.02 9.00 8.98 8.96 0 2 8 6 10 4 CURRENT SINKING (mA) 12 0 0 2977 G23 4 8 12 16 20 CURRENT SINKING (mA) 24 2977 G24 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 Pin Functions PIN NAME VSENSEM6 VSENSEP7 VSENSEM7 VOUT_EN0 VOUT_EN1 VOUT_EN2 VOUT_EN3 VOUT_EN4 VOUT_EN5 VOUT_EN6 VOUT_EN7 VIN_EN DNC VIN_SNS PIN NUMBER PIN TYPE 1* In 2* In 3* In 4 Out 5 Out 6 Out 7 Out 8 Out 9 Out 10 Out 11 Out 12 0ut 13 Do Not Connect 14 In VPWR 15 In VDD33 16 In/Out VDD33 VDD25 WP PWRGD 17 18 19 20 In In/Out In Out SHARE_CLK WDI/RESETB 21 22 In/Out In FAULTB00 23 In/Out FAULTB01 24 In/Out FAULTB10 25 In/Out FAULTB11 26 In/Out SDA SCL ALERTB CONTROL0 CONTROL1 ASEL0 ASEL1 REFP REFM VSENSEP0 VSENSEM0 VDACM0 VDACP0 VDACP1 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36* 37* 38 39 40 In/Out In Out In In In In Out Out In In Out Out Out DESCRIPTION DC/DC Converter Differential (–) Output Voltage-6 Sensing Pin DC/DC Converter Differential (+) Output Voltage or Current-7 Sensing Pin DC/DC Converter Differential (–) Output Voltage or Current-7 Sensing Pin DC/DC Converter Enable-0 Pin. Output High Voltage Optionally Pulled Up to 12V by 5µA DC/DC Converter Enable-1 Pin. Output High Voltage Optionally Pulled Up to 12V by 5µA DC/DC Converter Enable-2 Pin. Output High Voltage Optionally Pulled Up to 12V by 5µA DC/DC Converter Enable-3 Pin. Output High Voltage Optionally Pulled Up to 12V by 5µA DC/DC Converter Open-Drain Pull-Down Output-4 DC/DC Converter Open-Drain Pull-Down Output-5 DC/DC Converter Open-Drain Pull-Down Output-6 DC/DC Converter Open-Drain Pull-Down Output-7 DC/DC Converter VIN ENABLE Pin. Output High Voltage Optionally Pulled Up to 12V by 5µA Do Not Connect to This Pin VIN SENSE Input. This Voltage is Compared Against the VIN On and Off Voltage Thresholds in Order to Determine When to Enable and Disable, Respectively, the Downstream DC/DC Converters. VPWR Serves as the Unregulated Power Supply Input to the Chip (4.5V to 15V). If a 4.5V to 15V Supply Voltage is Unavailable, Short VPWR to VDD33 and Power the Chip Directly from a 3.3V Supply. Bypass to GND with 0.1µF Capacitor. If Shorted to VPWR, it Serves as 3.13V to 3.47V Supply Input Pin. Otherwise, it is a 3.3V Internally Regulated Voltage Output (Use 0.1µF Decoupling Capacitor to GND). Input for Internal 2.5V Sub-Regulator. Short This Pin to Pin 16. 2.5V Internally Regulated Voltage Output. Bypass to GND with a 0.1µF Capacitor. Digital Input. Write-Protect Input Pin, Active High. Power Good Open-Drain Output. Indicates When Outputs are Power Good. Can be Used as System Power-On Reset. Bidirectional Clock Sharing Pin. Connect a 5.49k Pull-Up Resistor to VDD33. Watchdog Timer Interrupt and Chip Reset Input. Connect a 10k Pull-Up Resistor to VDD33. Rising Edge Resets Watchdog Counter. Holding This Pin Low for More Than tRESETB Resets the Chip. Open-Drain Output and Digital Input. Active Low Bidirectional Fault Indicator-00. Connect a 10k Pull-Up Resistor to VDD33. Open-Drain Output and Digital Input. Active Low Bidirectional Fault Indicator-01. Connect a 10k Pull-Up Resistor to VDD33. Open-Drain Output and Digital Input. Active Low Bidirectional Fault Indicator-10. Connect a 10k Pull-Up Resistor to VDD33. Open-Drain Output and Digital Input. Active Low Bidirectional Fault Indicator-11. Connect a 10k Pull-Up Resistor to VDD33. PMBus Bidirectional Serial Data Pin PMBus Serial Clock Input Pin (400kHz Maximum) Open-Drain Output. Generates an Interrupt Request in a Fault/Warning Situation. Control Pin 0 Input Control Pin 1 Input Ternary Address Select Pin 0 Input. Connect to VDD33, GND or Float to Encode 1 of 3 Logic States. Ternary Address Select Pin 1 Input. Connect to VDD33, GND or Float to Encode 1 of 3 Logic States. Reference Voltage Output. Needs 0.1µF Decoupling Capacitor to REFM. Reference Return Pin. Needs 0.1µF Decoupling Capacitor to REFP. DC/DC Converter Differential (+) Output Voltage-0 Sensing Pin DC/DC Converter Differential (–) Output Voltage-0 Sensing Pin DAC0 Return. Connect to Channel 0 DC/DC Converter’s GND Sense or Return to GND. DAC0 Output DAC1 Output 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 13 LTC2977 Pin Functions PIN NAME PIN NUMBER PIN TYPE DESCRIPTION 41 Out DAC1 Return. Connect to Channel 1 DC/DC Converter’s GND Sense or Return to GND. VDACM1 42* In DC/DC Converter Differential (+) Output Voltage or Current-1 Sensing Pins VSENSEP1 43* In DC/DC Converter Differential (–) Output Voltage or Current-1 Sensing Pins VSENSEM1 44 Out DAC2 Output VDACP2 45 Out DAC2 Return. Connect to Channel 2 DC/DC Converter’s GND Sense or Return to GND. VDACM2 46* In DC/DC Converter Differential (+) Output Voltage-2 Sensing Pin VSENSEP2 47* In DC/DC Converter Differential (–) Output Voltage-2 Sensing Pin VSENSEM2 48* In DC/DC Converter Differential (+) Output Voltage or Current-3 Sensing Pins VSENSEP3 49* In DC/DC Converter Differential (–) Output Voltage or Current-3 Sensing Pins VSENSEM3 50 Out DAC3 Output VDACP3 51 Out DAC3 Return. Connect to Channel 3 DC/DC Converter’s GND Sense or Return to GND. VDACM3 52* In DC/DC Converter Differential (+) Output Voltage-4 Sensing Pin VSENSEP4 53* In DC/DC Converter Differential (–) Output Voltage-4 Sensing Pin VSENSEM4 54 Out DAC4 Return. Connect to Channel 4 DC/DC Converter’s GND Sense or Return to GND. VDACM4 55 Out DAC4 Output VDACP4 56 Out DAC5 Output VDACP5 57 Out DAC5 Return. Connect to Channel 5 DC/DC Converter’s GND Sense or Return to GND. VDACM5 58 Out DAC6 Return. Connect to Channel 6 DC/DC Converter’s GND Sense or Return to GND. VDACM6 59 Out DAC6 Output VDACP6 60 Out DAC7 Output VDACP7 61 Out DAC7 Return. Connect to Channel 7 DC/DC Converter’s GND Sense or Return to GND. VDACM7 62* In DC/DC Converter Differential (+) Output Voltage or Current-5 Sensing Pins VSENSEP5 63* In DC/DC Converter Differential (–) Output Voltage or Current-5 Sensing Pins VSENSEM5 64* In DC/DC Converter Differential (+) Output Voltage-6 Sensing Pin VSENSEP6 GND 65 Ground Exposed Pad, Must be Soldered to PCB *Any unused VSENSEPn or VSENSEMn or VDACMn pins must be tied to GND. 14 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 Block Diagram 3.3V REGULATOR VOUT VIN VPWR 15 VDD VDD33 16 2.5V REGULATOR VIN VOUT VIN_SNS 14 3R VSENSEM0 VSENSEP0 R VSENSEM1 GND 65 INTERNAL TEMP SENSOR VSENSEP1 36 VSENSEP0 VSENSEM2 37 VSENSEM0 VSENSEP2 42 VSENSEP1 VSENSEM3 43 VSENSEM1 VSENSEP3 46 VSENSEP2 VSENSEM4 MUX VSENSEP4 CMP0 VSENSEM5 VSENSEP5 + – + – VDD33 17 VDD25 18 47 VSENSEM2 + – 48 VSENSEP3 10-BIT DAC 49 VSENSEM3 52 VSENSEP4 VSENSEM6 53 VSENSEM4 VSENSEP6 62 VSENSEP5 VSENSEM7 63 VSENSEM5 VSENSEP7 64 VSENSEP6 + 16-BIT – ∆∑ ADC 1 VSENSEM6 2 VSENSEP7 3 VSENSEM7 ADC CLOCKS 10-BIT DAC VDD + – 39 VDACP0 VBUF 40 VDACP1 44 VDACP2 50 VDACP3 REFERENCE 1.232V (TYP) REFP 34 55 VDACP4 56 VDACP5 REFM 35 59 VDACP6 60 VDACP7 38 VDACM0 41 VDACM1 SDA 27 ALERTB 29 ASEL0 32 45 VDACM2 NONVOLATILE MEMORY SCL 28 PMBus INTERFACE (400kHz I2C COMPATIBLE) ASEL1 33 54 VDACM4 57 VDACM5 RAM ADC_RESULTS MONITOR LIMITS SERVO TARGETS 58 VDACM6 PAGE 7 WP 19 CONTROL1 31 OSCILLATOR WDI/RESETB 22 FAULTB01 24 FAULTB10 25 FAULTB11 26 61 VDACM7 4 VOUT_EN0 OUTPUT CONFIG CONTROL0 30 FAULTB00 23 51 VDACM3 PAGE 0 EEPROM CONTROLLER PMBus ALGORITHM FAULT PROCESSOR WATCHDOG SEQUENCER CLOCK GENERATION UVLO 8 PAGES PWRGD 20 6 VOUT_EN2 7 VOUT_EN3 12 VIN_EN VDD 8 PAGES 5 VOUT_EN1 8 VOUT_EN4 OPEN-DRAIN OUTPUT 9 VOUT_EN5 10 VOUT_EN6 11 VOUT_EN7 SHARE_CLK 21 2977 BD 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 15 LTC2977 Operation Store command register contents with CRC to EEPROM through PMBus programming. Operation Overview n The LTC2977 is a PMBus programmable power system controller, monitor, sequencer and voltage supervisor that can perform the following operations: n Accept PMBus compatible programming commands. n n Provide DC/DC converter input voltage and output voltage/current readback through the PMBus interface. n Control the output of DC/DC converters that set the output voltage with a trim pin or DC/DC converters that set the output voltage using an external resistor feedback network. n Sequence the start-up of DC/DC converters via PMBus programming and their control input pins. Time-based sequencing and tracking sequencing are both supported. n Trim the DC/DC converter output voltage (typically in 0.02% steps), in closed-loop servo operating mode, through PMBus programming. n Margin the DC/DC converter output voltage to PMBus programmed limits. n Allow the user to trim or margin the DC/DC converter output voltage in a manual operating mode by providing direct access to the margin DAC. n Supervise the DC/DC converter output voltage, input voltage, and the LTC2977 die temperature for overvalue/undervalue conditions with respect to PMBus programmed limits and generate appropriate faults and warnings. n Respond to a fault condition by either continuing operation indefinitely, latching off after a programmable deglitch period, latching off immediately or sequencing off after TOFF_DELAY. A retry mode may be used to automatically recover from a latched-off condition. When enabled, the number of retries (0 to 6 or infinite) is the same for all pages and is programmed in MFR_ RETRY_COUNT. n Restore EEPROM contents through PMBus programming or when VDD33 is applied on power-up. Report the DC/DC converter output voltage status through the PMBus interface and the power good output. Generate interrupt requests by asserting the ALERTB pin in response to supported PMBus faults and warnings. n Coordinate system wide fault responses for all DC/DC converters connected to the FAULTBz0 and FAULTBz1 pins. n Synchronize sequencing delays or shutdown for multiple devices using the SHARE_CLK pin. n Software and hardware write protect the command registers. n Disable the input voltage to the supervised DC/DC converters in response to output voltage OV and UV faults. n Log telemetry and status data to EEPROM in response to a faulted-off condition n Supervise an external microcontroller’s activity for a stalled condition with a programmable watchdog timer and reset it if necessary. n Prevent a DC/DC converter from re-entering the ON state after a power cycle until a programmable interval (MFR_RESTART_DELAY) has elapsed and its output has decayed below a programmable threshold voltage (MFR_VOUT_DISCHARGE_THRESHOLD). n Record minimum and maximum observed values of input voltage, output voltages and temperature. n Access user EEPROM data directly, without altering RAM space (MFR_EE_UNLOCK, MFR_EE_ERASE, and MFR_EE_DATA). Facilitates in-house bulk programming. n Optionally stop trimming the DC/DC converter output voltage after reaching the initial margin or nominal target. Optionally allow servo to resume if target drifts outside of VOUT warning limits. n 16 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 Operation EEPROM Equivalent operating time at 105°C = 86.5 hours. The LTC2977 contains internal EEPROM (nonvolatile memory) to store configuration settings and fault log information. EEPROM endurance, retention, and mass write operation time are specified over the operating junction temperature range. See Electrical Characteristics and Absolute Maximum Ratings sections. So the overall retention of the EEPROM was degraded by 86.5 hours as a result of operation at a junction temperature of 125°C for 10 hours. Note that the effect of this overstress is negligible when compared to the overall EEPROM retention rating of 175,200 hours at a maximum junction temperature of 105°C. Nondestructive operation above TJ = 105°C is possible although the Electrical Characteristics are not guaranteed and the EEPROM will be degraded. Reset Operating the EEPROM above 105°C may result in a degradation of retention characteristics. The fault logging function, which is useful in debugging system problems that may occur at high temperatures, only writes to fault log EEPROM locations. If occasional writes to these registers occur above 105°C, a slight degradation in the data retention characteristics of the fault log may occur. It is recommended that the EEPROM not be written using STORE_USER_ALL or bulk programming when TJ > 85°C. The degradation in EEPROM retention for temperatures >105°C can be approximated by calculating the dimensionless acceleration factor using the following equation. AF = e Ea 1 1 − • k TUSE + 273 TSTRESS + 273 Where: AF = acceleration factor Ea = activation energy = 1.4 eV k = 8.625×10−5 eV/°K TUSE = 105°C specified junction temperature TSTRESS = actual junction temperature °C Example: Calculate the effect on retention when operating at a junction temperature of 125°C for 10 hours. TSTRESS = 125°C TUSE = 105°C Holding the WDI/RESETB pin low for more than tRESETB will cause the LTC2977 to enter the power-on reset state. While in the power-on reset state, the device will not communicate on the I2C bus. Following the subsequent rising-edge of the WDI/RESETB pin, the LTC2977 will execute its power-on sequence per the user configuration stored in EEPROM. Connect WDI/RESETB to VDD33 with a 10k resistor. WDI/RESETB includes an internal 256µs deglitch filter so additional filter capacitance on this pin is not recommended. Write-Protect Pin The WP pin allows the user to write-protect the LTC2977’s configuration registers. The WP pin is active high, and when asserted it provides Level 2 protection: all writes are disabled except to the WRITE_PROTECT, PAGE, MFR_EE_UNLOCK, STORE_USER_ALL, OPERATION, MFR_PAGE_FF_MASK and CLEAR_FAULTS commands. The most restrictive setting between the WP pin and WRITE_PROTECT command will override. For example if WP = 1 and WRITE_PROTECT = 0x80, then the WRITE_PROTECT command overrides, since it is the most restrictive. Other Operations Clock Sharing Multiple LTC PMBus devices can synchronize their clocks in an application by connecting together the open-drain AF = 8.65 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 17 LTC2977 Operation SHARE_CLK input/outputs to a pull-up resistor as a wired OR. In this case the fastest clock will take over and synchronize all LTC2977s. SHARE_CLK can optionally be used to synchronize ON/ OFF dependency on VIN across multiple chips by setting the Mfr_config_all_vin_share_enable bit of the MFR_ CONFIG_ALL_LTC2977 register. When configured this way the chip will hold SHARE_CLK low when the unit is off for insufficient input voltage and upon detecting that SHARE_CLK is held low the chip will disable all channels after a brief deglitch period. When the SHARE_CLK pin is allowed to rise, the chip will respond by beginning a soft-start sequence. In this case the slowest VIN_ON detection will take over and synchronize other chips to its soft-start sequence. PMBus Serial Digital Interface The LTC2977 communicates with a host (master) using the standard PMBus serial bus interface. The PMBus Timing Diagram shows the timing relationship of the signals on the bus. The two bus lines, SDA and SCL, must be high when the bus is not in use. External pull-up resistors or current sources are required on these lines. The LTC2977 is a slave device. The master can communicate with the LTC2977 using the following formats: Master transmitter, slave receiver n The LTC2977 will not acknowledge any PMBus command other than MFR_COMMON if it is still busy with a STORE_ USER_ALL, RESTORE_USER_ALL, MFR_CONFIG_ LTC2977 or if fault log data is being written to the EEPROM. Status_word_busy will be set when this happens. PMBus PMBus is an industry standard that defines a means of communication with power conversion devices. It is comprised of an industry standard SMBus serial interface and the PMBus command language. The PMBus two wire interface is an incremental extension of the SMBus. SMBus is built upon I2C with some minor differences in timing, DC parameters and protocol. The SMBus protocols are more robust than simple I2C byte commands because they provide timeouts to prevent bus hangs and optional packet error checking (PEC) to ensure data integrity. In general, a master device that can be configured for I2C communication can be used for PMBus communication with little or no change to hardware or firmware. For a description of the minor extensions and exceptions PMBus makes to SMBus, refer to PMBus Specification Part 1 Revision 1.1: paragraph 5: Transport. This can be found at: www.pmbus.org. Write Byte, Write Word, Send Byte For a description of the differences between SMBus and I2C, refer to system management bus (SMBus) specification version 2.0: Appendix B – Differences Between SMBus and I2C. This can be found at: Read Byte, Read Word, Block Read www.smbus.org. Master receiver, slave transmitter n The following SMBus protocols are supported: n n Alert Response Address n Figures 1-12 illustrate the aforementioned SMBus protocols. All transactions support PEC (parity error check) and GCP (group command protocol). The Block Read supports 255 bytes of returned data. For this reason, the PMBus timeout may be extended using the Mfr_config_all_ longer_pmbus_timeout setting. 18 When using an I2C controller to communicate with a PMBus part it is important that the controller be able to write a byte of data without generating a stop. This will allow the controller to properly form the repeated start of the PMBus read command by concatenating a start command byte write with an I2C read. 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 Operation 1 7 S 1 1 SLAVE ADDRESS Wr A COMMAND CODE A x x 1 1 8 P S Sr Rd Wr x START CONDITION REPEATED START CONDITION READ (BIT VALUE OF 1) WRITE (BIT VALUE OF 0) SHOWN UNDER A FIELD INDICATES THAT THE FIELD IS REQUIRED TO HAVE THE VALUE OF x A ACKNOWLEDGE (THIS BIT POSITION MAY BE 0 FOR AN ACK OR 1 FOR A NACK) P STOP CONDITION PEC PACKET ERROR CODE MASTER TO SLAVE SLAVE TO MASTER ... CONTINUATION OF PROTOCOL 2977 F01a Figure 1a. PMBus Packet Protocol Diagram Element Key 1 S 7 1 1 8 1 SLAVE ADDRESS Wr A COMMAND CODE A 8 1 1 DATA BYTE A P 2977 F01b Figure 1b. Write Byte Protocol 1 S 7 1 1 8 1 SLAVE ADDRESS Wr A COMMAND CODE A 8 1 8 1 1 DATA BYTE LOW A DATA BYTE HIGH A P 2977 F02 Figure 2. Write Word Protocol 1 S 7 1 1 8 1 SLAVE ADDRESS Wr A COMMAND CODE A 8 1 8 1 1 DATA BYTE A PEC A P 2977 F03 Figure 3. Write Byte Protocol with PEC 1 S 7 1 1 8 1 SLAVE ADDRESS Wr A COMMAND CODE A 8 1 8 1 8 1 1 DATA BYTE LOW A DATA BYTE HIGH A PEC A P 2977 F04 Figure 4. Write Word Protocol with PEC 1 S 1 1 SLAVE ADDRESS Wr A COMMAND CODE A 7 1 1 8 P 2977 F05 Figure 5. Send Byte Protocol 1 S 7 1 1 8 1 SLAVE ADDRESS Wr A COMMAND CODE A 8 1 1 PEC A P 2977 F06 Figure 6. Send Byte Protocol with PEC 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 19 LTC2977 Operation 1 S 7 1 1 8 1 1 SLAVE ADDRESS Wr A COMMAND CODE A 7 1 1 Sr SLAVE ADDRESS Rd A 8 1 DATA BYTE LOW A 1 1 DATA BYTE HIGH A 8 P 1 2977 F07 Figure 7. Read Word Protocol 1 S 7 1 1 8 1 1 7 1 1 SLAVE ADDRESS Wr A COMMAND CODE A Sr SLAVE ADDRESS Rd A 8 1 DATA BYTE LOW A 8 1 DATA BYTE HIGH A 8 1 1 PEC A P 1 2977 F08 Figure 8. Read Word Protocol with PEC 1 S 7 1 1 8 1 1 7 1 1 SLAVE ADDRESS Wr A COMMAND CODE A Sr SLAVE ADDRESS Rd A 8 1 1 DATA BYTE A P 1 2977 F09 Figure 9. Read Byte Protocol 1 S 7 1 1 8 1 1 7 1 1 SLAVE ADDRESS Wr A COMMAND CODE A Sr SLAVE ADDRESS Rd A 8 1 DATA BYTE A PEC 1 1 A P 1 2977 F10 Figure 10. Read Byte Protocol with PEC 1 S 1 7 1 1 8 1 7 1 1 SLAVE ADDRESS Wr A COMMAND CODE A Sr SLAVE ADDRESS Rd A 8 1 8 1 DATA BYTE 1 A DATA BYTE 2 A 8 1 BYTE COUNT = N A ... 2977 F11 ... ... 8 1 1 DATA BYTE N A P 1 Figure 11. Block Read 1 S 7 1 1 8 1 1 7 1 1 SLAVE ADDRESS Wr A COMMAND CODE A Sr SLAVE ADDRESS Rd A 8 1 8 1 DATA BYTE 1 A DATA BYTE 2 A ... ... 8 1 BYTE COUNT = N A ... 2977 F12 8 1 8 1 1 DATA BYTE N A PEC A P 1 Figure 12. Block Read with PEC 20 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 Operation Device Address The I2C/SMBus address of the LTC2977 equals the base address + N where N is a number from 0 to 8. N can be configured by setting the ASEL0 and ASEL1 pins to VDD33, GND or FLOAT. See Table 1. Using one base address and the nine values of N, nine LTC2977s can be connected together to control 72 outputs. The base address is stored in the MFR_I2C_BASE_ADDRESS register. The base address can be written to any value, but generally should not be changed unless the desired range of addresses overlap existing addresses. Watch that the address range does not overlap with other I2C/SMBus device or global addresses, including I2C/SMBus multiplexers and bus buffers. This will bring you great happiness. The LTC2977 always responds to its global address and the SMBus Alert Response address regardless of the state of its ASEL pins and the MFR_I2C_BASE_ADDRESS register. Table 1. LTC2977 Device Address Look-Up Table ADDRESS DESCRIPTION HEX DEVICE ADDRESS BINARY DEVICE ADDRESS BITS ADDRESS PINS 7-Bit 8-Bit 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 R/W ASEL1 ASEL0 Alert Response 0C 19 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 X X Global 5B B6 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 X X N=0 5C* B8 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 L L N=1 5D BA 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 L NC N=2 5E BC 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 L H N=3 5F BE 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 NC L N=4 60 C0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 NC NC N=5 61 C2 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 NC H N=6 62 C4 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 H L N=7 63 C6 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 H NC N=8 64 C8 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 H H H = Tie to VDD33, NC = No Connect = Open or Float, L = Tie to GND, X = Don’t Care *MFR_I2C_BASE_ADDRESS = 7bit 5C (Factory Default) 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 21 LTC2977 Operation Processing Commands The LTC2977 uses a dedicated processing block to ensure quick response to all of its commands. There are a few exceptions where the part will NACK a subsequent command because it is still processing the previous command. These are summarized in the following tables. MFR_COMMON is a special command that may always be read even when the part is busy. This provides an alternate method for a host to determine if the LTC2977 is busy. EEPROM Related Commands COMMAND STORE_USER_ALL TYPICAL DELAY* tMASS_WRITE COMMENT See Electrical Characteristics table. The LTC2977 will not accept any commands while it is transferring register contents to the EEPROM. The command byte will be NACKed. MFR_COMMON may always be read. RESTORE_USER_ALL 30ms The LTC2977 will not accept any commands while it is transferring EEPROM data to command registers. The command byte will be NACKed. MFR_COMMON may always be read. MFR_FAULT_LOG_CLEAR 175ms The LTC2977 will not accept any commands while it is initializing the fault log EEPROM space. The command byte will be NACKed. MFR_COMMON may always be read. MFR_FAULT_LOG_STORE 20ms The LTC2977 will not accept any commands while it is transferring the fault log RAM buffer to EEPROM space. The command byte will be NACKed. MFR_COMMON may always be read. Internal Fault log 20ms An internal fault log event is a one time event that uploads the contents of the fault log to EEPROM in response to a fault. Internal fault logging may be disabled. Commands received during this EEPROM write are NACKed. MFR_COMMON may always be read. MFR_FAULT_LOG_ RESTORE 2ms The LTC2977 will not accept any commands while it is transferring EEPROM data to the fault log RAM buffer. The command byte will be NACKed. MFR_COMMON may always be read. *The typical delay is measured from the command’s stop to the next command’s start. COMMAND MFR_CONFIG_LTC2977 TYPICAL DELAY* COMMENT <50µs The LTC2977 will not accept any commands while it is completing this command. The command byte will be NACKed. MFR_COMMON may always be read. *The typical delay is measured from the command’s stop to the next command’s start. Other PMBus Timing Notes COMMAND CLEAR_FAULTS 22 COMMENT The LTC2977 will accept commands while it is completing this command but the affected status flags will not be cleared for up to 500µs. 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 PMBus Command Summary Summary Table COMMAND NAME CMD CODE DESCRIPTION TYPE DATA PAGED FORMAT UNITS EEPROM DEFAULT VALUE REF PAGE 0x00 28 PAGE 0x00 Channel or page currently selected for any R/W Byte command that supports paging. N Reg OPERATION 0x01 Operating mode control. On/Off, Margin High and Margin Low. R/W Byte Y Reg Y 0x00 33 ON_OFF_CONFIG 0x02 CONTROL pin & PMBus bus on/off command setting. R/W Byte Y Reg Y 0x1E 34 CLEAR_FAULTS 0x03 Clear any fault bits that have been set. Send Byte Y NA 34 WRITE_PROTECT 0x10 Level of protection provided by the device against accidental changes. R/W Byte N Reg Y 0x00 28 STORE_USER_ALL 0x15 Store entire operating memory to EEPROM. Send Byte N NA 35 RESTORE_USER_ALL 0x16 Restore entire operating memory from EEPROM. Send Byte N NA 35 CAPABILITY 0x19 Summary of PMBus optional communication protocols supported by this device. R Byte N Reg 0xB0 35 VOUT_MODE 0x20 Output voltage data format and mantissa exponent. (2–13) R Byte Y Reg 0x13 35 VOUT_COMMAND 0x21 Servo Target. Nominal DC/DC converter output voltage setpoint. R/W Word Y L16 V Y 1.0 0x2000 36 VOUT_MAX 0x24 Upper limit on the output voltage the unit can command regardless of any other commands. R/W Word Y L16 V Y 4.0 0x8000 36 VOUT_MARGIN_HIGH 0x25 Margin high DC/DC converter output voltage setting. R/W Word Y L16 V Y 1.05 0x219A 36 VOUT_MARGIN_LOW 0x26 Margin low DC/DC converter output voltage setting. R/W Word Y L16 V Y 0.95 0x1E66 36 VIN_ON 0x35 Input voltage (VIN_SNS) above which power conversion can be enabled. R/W Word N L11 V Y 10.0 0xD280 36 VIN_OFF 0x36 Input voltage (VIN_SNS) below which R/W Word power conversion is disabled. All VOUT_EN pins go off immediately. N L11 V Y 9.0 0xD240 36 VOUT_OV_FAULT_LIMIT 0x40 Output overvoltage fault limit R/W Word Y L16 V Y 1.1 0x2333 36 VOUT_OV_FAULT_ RESPONSE 0x41 Action to be taken by the device when an output overvoltage fault is detected. R/W Byte Y Reg Y 0x80 38 VOUT_OV_WARN_LIMIT 0x42 Output overvoltage warning limit . R/W Word Y L16 V Y 1.075 0x2266 36 VOUT_UV_WARN_LIMIT 0x43 Output undervoltage warning limit R/W Word Y L16 V Y 0.925 0x1D9A 36 VOUT_UV_FAULT_LIMIT 0x44 Output undervoltage fault limit. Limit used to determine if TON_MAX_FAULT has been met and the unit is on. R/W Word Y L16 V Y 0.9 0x1CCD 36 VOUT_UV_FAULT_ RESPONSE 0x45 Action to be taken by the device when an output undervoltage fault is detected. R/W Byte Y Reg Y 0x7F 38 OT_FAULT_LIMIT 0x4F Overtemperature fault limit. R/W Word N L11 Y 105.0 0xEB48 37 OT_FAULT_RESPONSE 0x50 Action to be taken by the device when an overtemperature fault is detected. R/W Byte N Reg Y 0xB8 39 °C 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 23 LTC2977 PMBus Command summary Summary Table COMMAND NAME CMD CODE DESCRIPTION DEFAULT VALUE REF PAGE OT_WARN_LIMIT 0x51 Overtemperature warning limit. R/W Word N L11 °C Y 70.0 0xEA30 37 UT_WARN_LIMIT 0x52 Undertemperature warning limit. R/W Word N L11 °C Y 0 0x8000 37 UT_FAULT_LIMIT 0x53 Undertemperature fault limit. R/W Word N L11 °C Y –40.0 0xE580 37 UT_FAULT_RESPONSE 0x54 Action to be taken by the device when an undertemperature fault is detected. R/W Byte N Reg Y 0xB8 39 VIN_OV_FAULT_LIMIT 0x55 Input overvoltage fault limit measured at VIN_SNS pin R/W Word N L11 Y 15.0 0xD3C0 36 VIN_OV_FAULT_ RESPONSE 0x56 Action to be taken by the device when an input overvoltage fault is detected. R/W Byte N Reg Y 0x80 39 VIN_OV_WARN_LIMIT 0x57 Input overvoltage warning limit measured R/W Word at VIN_SNS pin N L11 V Y 14.0 0xD380 36 VIN_UV_WARN_LIMIT 0x58 Input undervoltage warning limit measured at VIN_SNS pin. R/W Word N L11 V Y 0 0x8000 36 VIN_UV_FAULT_LIMIT 0x59 Input undervoltage fault limit measured at R/W Word VIN_SNS pin N L11 V Y 0 0x8000 36 VIN_UV_FAULT_ RESPONSE 0x5A Action to be taken by the device when an input undervoltage fault is detected. R/W Byte N Reg Y 0x00 39 POWER_GOOD_ON 0x5E Output voltage at or above which a power R/W Word good should be asserted. Y L16 V Y 0.96 0x1EB8 36 POWER_GOOD_OFF 0x5F Output voltage at or below which a power R/W Word good should be deasserted. Y L16 V Y 0.94 0x1E14 36 TON_DELAY 0x60 Time from CONTROL pin and/or OPERATION command = ON to VOUT_EN pin = ON. R/W Word Y L11 ms Y 1.0 0xBA00 37 TON_RISE 0x61 Time from when the VOUT_ENn pin goes high until the LTC2977 optionally softconnects its DAC and begins to servo the output voltage to the desired value. R/W Word Y L11 ms Y 10.0 0xD280 37 TON_MAX_FAULT_LIMIT 0x62 Maximum time from VOUT_EN = ON assertion that an UV condition will be tolerated before a TON_MAX_FAULT condition results. R/W Word Y L11 ms Y 15.0 0xD3C0 37 TON_MAX_FAULT_ RESPONSE 0x63 Action to be taken by the device when a TON_MAX_FAULT event is detected. R/W Byte Y Reg Y 0xB8 40 TOFF_DELAY 0x64 Time from CONTROL pin and/or OPERATION command = OFF to VOUT_EN pin = OFF. R/W Word Y L11 Y 1.0 0xBA00 37 STATUS_BYTE 0x78 One byte summary of the unit’s fault condition. R Byte Y Reg NA 41 STATUS_WORD 0x79 Two byte summary of the unit’s fault condition. R Word Y Reg NA 41 STATUS_VOUT 0x7A Output voltage fault and warning status. R Byte Y Reg NA 42 STATUS_INPUT 0x7C Input voltage fault and warning status measured at VIN_SNS pin. R Byte N Reg NA 42 STATUS_TEMPERATURE 0x7D Temperature fault and warning status for READ_TEMPERATURE_1. R Byte N Reg NA 42 24 TYPE DATA PAGED FORMAT UNITS EEPROM V ms 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 PMBus Command summary Summary Table COMMAND NAME CMD CODE DESCRIPTION TYPE DATA PAGED FORMAT UNITS EEPROM DEFAULT VALUE REF PAGE STATUS_CML 0x7E Communication and memory fault and warning status. R Byte N Reg NA 43 STATUS_MFR_SPECIFIC 0x80 Manufacturer specific fault and state information. R Byte Y Reg NA 43 READ_VIN 0x88 Input voltage measured at VIN_SNS pin. R Word N L11 V NA 44 READ_VOUT 0x8B DC/DC converter output voltage. R Word Y L16 V NA 44 READ_TEMPERATURE_1 0x8D Internal junction temperature. R Word N L11 °C NA 44 PMBUS_REVISION 0x98 PMBus revision supported by this device. Current revision is 1.1. R Byte N Reg 0x11 44 USER_DATA_00 0xB0 Manufacturer reserved for LTpowerPlay™. R/W Word N Reg Y NA 60 USER_DATA_01 0xB1 Manufacturer reserved for LTpowerPlay. R/W Word Y Reg Y NA 60 USER_DATA_02 0xB2 OEM reserved. R/W Word N Reg Y NA 60 USER_DATA_03 0xB3 Scratchpad location. R/W Word Y Reg Y 0x00 60 USER_DATA_04 0xB4 Scratchpad location. R/W Word N Reg Y 0x00 60 MFR_LTC_RESERVED_1 0xB5 Manufacturer reserved. R/W Word Y Reg Y NA 60 MFR_STATUS_2 0xB7 Additional manufacturer specific fault and state information. R Word Y Reg NA 62 MFR_LTC_RESERVED_2 0xBC Manufacturer reserved. R/W Word Y Reg NA 60 MFR_EE_UNLOCK 0xBD Unlock user EEPROM for access by MFR_EE_ERASE and MFR_EE_DATA commands. R/W Byte N Reg NA 65 MFR_EE_ERASE 0xBE Initialize user EEPROM for bulk programming by MFR_EE_DATA. R/W Byte N Reg NA 66 MFR_EE_DATA 0xBF Data transferred to and from EEPROM using sequential PMBus word reads or writes. Supports bulk programming. R/W Word N Reg NA 66 MFR_COMMAND_PLUS 0xC0 Alternate access to block read and other data: commands for all hosts. R/W Word N Reg NA 30 MFR_DATA_PLUS0 0xC1 Alternate access to block read and other data: data for alternate host 0. R/W Word N Reg NA 30 MFR_DATA_PLUS1 0xC2 Alternate access to block read an other data: data for alternate host 1. R/W Word N Reg NA 30 MFR_TELEMETRY 0xCF Telemetry data for all output channels. R Block N Reg NA 63 MFR_CONFIG_LTC2977 0xD0 Configuration bits that are channel specific. R/W Word Y Reg Y 0x0080 45 MFR_CONFIG_ALL_ LTC2977 0xD1 Configuration bits that are common to all pages. R/W Word N Reg Y 0x1C7B 49 MFR_FAULTBz0_ PROPAGATE 0xD2 Configuration that determines if a channel’s faulted off state is propagated to the FAULTB00 and FAULTB10 pins. R/W Byte Y Reg Y 0x00 50 MFR_FAULTBz1_ PROPAGATE 0xD3 Manufacturer configuration that Configuration that determines if a channel’s faulted off state is propagated to the FAULTB01 and FAULTB11 pins. R/W Byte Y Reg Y 0x00 50 MFR_PWRGD_EN 0xD4 Configuration for mapping PWRGD and WDI/RESETB status to the PWRGD pin. R/W Word N Reg Y 0x0000 51 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 25 LTC2977 PMBus Command summary Summary Table COMMAND NAME CMD CODE DESCRIPTION DEFAULT VALUE REF PAGE MFR_FAULTB00_ RESPONSE 0xD5 Action to be taken by the device when the FAULTB00 pin is asserted low. R/W Byte N Reg Y 0x00 52 MFR_FAULTB01_ RESPONSE 0xD6 Action to be taken by the device when the FAULTB01 pin is asserted low. R/W Byte N Reg Y 0x00 52 MFR_FAULTB10_ RESPONSE 0xD7 Action to be taken by the device when the FAULTB10 pin is asserted low. R/W Byte N Reg Y 0x00 52 MFR_FAULTB11_ RESPONSE 0xD8 Action to be taken by the device when the FAULTB11 pin is asserted low. R/W Byte N Reg Y 0x00 52 MFR_VINEN_OV_FAULT_ RESPONSE 0xD9 Action to be taken by the VIN_EN pin in response to a VOUT_OV_FAULT R/W Byte N Reg Y 0x00 53 MFR_VINEN_UV_FAULT_ RESPONSE 0xDA Action to be taken by the VIN_EN pin in response to a VOUT_UV_FAULT R/W Byte N Reg Y 0x00 54 MFR_RETRY_DELAY 0xDB Retry interval during FAULT retry mode. R/W Word N L11 ms Y 200.0 0xF320 55 MFR_RESTART_DELAY 0xDC Delay from actual CONTROL active edge to virtual CONTROL active edge. R/W Word N L11 ms Y 400.0 0xFB20 55 MFR_VOUT_PEAK 0xDD Maximum measured value of READ_ VOUT. R Word Y L16 V NA 56 MFR_VIN_PEAK 0xDE Maximum measured value of READ_VIN. R Word N L11 V NA 56 MFR_TEMPERATURE_ PEAK 0xDF Maximum measured value of READ_ TEMPERATURE_1. R Word N L11 °C NA 56 MFR_DAC 0xE0 Manufacturer register that contains the code of the 10-bit DAC. R/W Word Y Reg 0x0000 57 MFR_POWERGOOD_ ASSERTION_DELAY 0xE1 Power good output assertion delay. R/W Word N L11 ms Y 100.0 0xEB20 57 R/W Word N L11 ms Y 0 0x8000 64 ms Y 0 0x8000 64 Y 0xFF 29 TYPE MFR_WATCHDOG_T_FIRST 0xE2 First watchdog timer interval. DATA PAGED FORMAT UNITS EEPROM MFR_WATCHDOG_T 0xE3 Watchdog timer interval. R/W Word N L11 MFR_PAGE_FF_MASK 0xE4 Configuration defining which channels respond to global page commands (PAGE=0xFF). R/W Byte N Reg MFR_PADS 0xE5 Current state of selected digital I/O pads. R Word N Reg N/A 58 MFR_I2C_BASE_ADDRESS 0xE6 Base value of the I2C/SMBus address byte. R/W Byte N Reg Y 0x5C 29 MFR_SPECIAL_ID 0xE7 Manufacturer code for identifying the LTC2977 R Word N Reg Y 0x0130 59 MFR_SPECIAL_LOT 0xE8 Customer dependent codes that identify the factory programmed user configuration stored in EEPROM. Contact factory for default value. R Byte Y Reg Y MFR_VOUT_DISCHARGE_ THRESHOLD R/W Word 0xE9 Coefficient used to multiply VOUT_ COMMAND in order to determine VOUT off threshold voltage. Y L11 Y MFR_FAULT_LOG_STORE 0xEA Command a transfer of the fault log from RAM to EEPROM. This causes the part to behave as if a channel has faulted off. N 26 Send Byte 59 2.0 0xC200 59 NA 67 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 PMBus Command summary Summary Table CMD CODE DESCRIPTION COMMAND NAME TYPE DATA PAGED FORMAT UNITS EEPROM DEFAULT VALUE REF PAGE MFR_FAULT_LOG_ RESTORE 0xEB Command a transfer of the fault log previously stored in EEPROM back to RAM. Send Byte N NA 67 MFR_FAULT_LOG_CLEAR 0xEC Initialize the EEPROM block reserved for fault logging and clear any previous fault logging locks. Send Byte N NA 68 MFR_FAULT_LOG_STATUS 0xED Fault logging status. R Byte N Reg Y NA 68 MFR_FAULT_LOG 0xEE Fault log data bytes. This sequentially retrieved data is used to assemble a complete fault log. 256 Bytes: 0xFF followed by 255 bytes of fault log data. R Block N Reg Y NA 69 MFR_COMMON 0xEF Manufacturer status bits that are common across multiple LTC chips. R Byte N Reg NA 60 MFR_RETRY_COUNT 0xF7 Retry count for all faulted off conditions that enable retry. R/W Byte N Reg 0x07 55 MFR_VOUT_MIN 0xFB Minimum measured value of READ_ VOUT. R Word Y L16 V NA 61 MFR_VIN_MIN 0xFC Minimum measured value of READ_VIN. R Word N L11 V NA 61 MFR_TEMPERATURE_MIN 0xFD Minimum measured value of READ_ TEMPERATURE_1. R Word N L11 °C NA 61 Y Data Formats L11 Linear_5s_11s L16 Linear_16u Reg Register PMBus data field b[15:0] Value = Y • 2N where N = b[15:11] is a 5-bit two’s complement integer and Y = b[10:0] is an 11-bit two’s complement integer Example: READ_VIN = 10V For b[15:0] = 0xD280 = 1101_0010_1000_0000b Value = 640 • 2–6 = 10 See PMBus Spec Part II: Paragraph 7.1 PMBus data field b[15:0] Value = Y • 2N where Y = b[15:0] is an unsigned integer and N = Vout_mode_parameter is a 5-bit two’s complement exponent that is hardwired to –13 decimal. Example: VOUT_COMMAND = 4.75V For b[15:0] = 0x9800 = 1001_1000_0000_0000b Value = 38912 • 2–13 = 4.75 See PMBus Spec Part II: Paragraph 8.3.1 PMBus data field b[15:0] or b[7:0]. Bit field meaning is defined in detailed PMBus Command Register Description. 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 27 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description Addressing and Write Protect PAGE The LTC2977 has eight pages that correspond to the eight DC/DC converter channels that can be managed. Each DC/DC converter channel can be uniquely programmed by first setting the appropriate page. Setting PAGE = 0xFF allows a simultaneous write to all pages for PMBus commands that support global page programming. The only commands that support PAGE = 0xFF are CLEAR_FAULTS, OPERATION and ON_OFF_CONFIG. See MFR_PAGE_FF_MASK for additional options. Reading any paged PMBus register with PAGE = 0xFF returns unpredictable data and will trigger a CML fault. Writes to pages that do not support PAGE = 0xFF with PAGE = 0xFF will be ignored and generate a CML fault. PAGE Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL PURPOSE b[7:0] Page Page operation. 0x00: All PMBus commands address channel/page 0. 0x01: All PMBus commands address channel/page 1. • • • 0x07: All PMBus commands address channel/page 7. 0xXX: All nonspecified values reserved. 0xFF: A single PMBus write/send to commands that support this mode will simultaneously address all channels/pages with MFR_PAGE_FF_MASK enabled. WRITE_PROTECT The WRITE_PROTECT command provides protection against accidental programming of the LTC2977 command registers. All supported commands may have their parameters read, regardless of the WRITE_PROTECT setting, and the EEPROM contents can also be read regardless of the WRITE_PROTECT settings. There are two levels of write protection: • Level 1: Nothing can be changed except the level of write protection itself. Values can be read from all pages. This setting can be stored to EEPROM. • Level 2: Nothing can be changed except for the level of protection, channel on/off state and clearing of faults. Values can be read from all pages. This setting can be stored to EEPROM. WRITE_PROTECT Data Contents BITS(S) SYMBOL b[7:0] Write_protect[7:0] OPERATION 1000_0000b: Level 1 Protection - Disable all writes except to the WRITE_PROTECT, PAGE, MFR_EE_UNLOCK, and STORE_USER_ALL commands. 0100_0000b: Level 2 Protection – Disable all writes except to the WRITE_PROTECT, PAGE, MFR_EE_UNLOCK, STORE_ USER_ALL, OPERATION, MFR_PAGE_FF_MASK and CLEAR_FAULTS commands. 0000_0000b: Enable writes to all commands. xxxx_xxxxb: All other values reserved. 28 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description MFR_PAGE_FF_MASK The MFR_PAGE_FF_MASK command is used to select which channels respond when the global page command (PAGE=0xFF) is in use. MFR_PAGE_FF_MASK Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL b[7] OPERATION Mfr_page_ff_mask_chan7 Channel 7 masking of global page command (PAGE=0xFF) accesses 0 = ignore global page command accesses 1 = fully respond to global page command accesses b[6] Mfr_page_ff_mask_chan6 Channel 6 masking of global page command (PAGE=0xFF) accesses 0 = ignore global page command accesses 1 = fully respond to global page command accesses b[5] Mfr_page_ff_mask_chan5 Channel 5 masking of global page command (PAGE=0xFF) accesses 0 = ignore global page command accesses 1 = fully respond to global page command accesses b[4] Mfr_page_ff_mask_chan4 Channel 4 masking of global page command (PAGE=0xFF) accesses 0 = ignore global page command accesses 1 = fully respond to global page command accesses b[3] Mfr_page_ff_mask_chan3 Channel 3 masking of global page command (PAGE=0xFF) accesses 0 = ignore global page command accesses 1 = fully respond to global page command accesses b[2] Mfr_page_ff_mask_chan2 Channel 2 masking of global page command (PAGE=0xFF) accesses 0 = ignore global page command accesses 1 = fully respond to global page command accesses b[1] Mfr_page_ff_mask_chan1 Channel 1 masking of global page command (PAGE=0xFF) accesses 0 = ignore global page command accesses 1 = fully respond to global page command accesses b[0] Mfr_page_ff_mask_chan0 Channel 0 masking of global page command (PAGE=0xFF) accesses 0 = ignore global page command accesses 1 = fully respond to global page command accesses MFR_I2C_BASE_ADDRESS The MFR_I2C_BASE_ADDRESS command determines the base value for the I2C/SMBus address byte. Offsets of 0 to 9 are added to this base address to make the device I2C/SMBus address. The part responds to the device address. MFR_I2C_BASE_ADDRESS Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL b[7] Reserved b[6:0] i2c_base_address OPERATION Read only, always returns 0. This 7-bit value determines the base value of the 7-bit I2C/SMBus address. See Operation Section: Device Address. 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 29 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description MFR_COMMAND_PLUS, MFR_DATA_PLUS0, MFR_DATA_PLUS1, MFR_STATUS_PLUS0, and MFR_STATUS_PLUS1 Command Plus operations use a sequence of word commands to support the following: • An alternate method for reading block data using sequential standard word reads. • A peek operation that allows up to two additional hosts to read an internal register using PMBus word protocol where each host has a unique page. • A poke operation that allows up to two additional hosts to write an internal register using PMBus word protocol where each host has a unique page. • Peek, Poke and Command Plus block reads do not interfere with normal PMBus accesses or page values set by PAGE. This enables multi master support for up to 3 hosts. MFR_COMMAND_PLUS Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[15] Mfr_command_plus_ reserved Reserved. Always returns 0. b[14] Mfr_command_plus_id Command Plus host ID 0: Mfr_command_plus pointer and page are cached and used for all Mfr_data_plus0 accesses. 1: Mfr_command_plus pointer and page are cached and used for all Mfr_data_plus1 accesses. b[13:9] Mfr_command_plus_page Page to be used when peeking or poking via Mfr_data_plus0 or Mfr_data_plus1. Allowed values are 0 through 7. This page value is cached separately for Mfr_data_plus0 and Mfr_data_plus1 based on the value of Mfr_command_plus_id when this register is written. b[8:0] Mfr_command_plus_pointer Internal memory location accessed by Mfr_data_plus0 or Mfr_data_plus1. Mfr_data_plus0 and Mfr_data_plus1 pointers are cached separately. Legal values are listed in the Cmd Code column of the PMBus COMMAND SUMMARY table. All other values are reserved, except for the special poke enable/disable values listed in Enabling and Disabling Poke Operations on page 32, and the command values listed below for Mfr_status_plus0 and Mfr_status_plus1. MFR_DATA_PLUS0 and MFR_DATA_PLUS1 Data Contents BIT(S) b[15:0] SYMBOL OPERATION Mfr_data_plus0 A read from this register returns data referenced by the last matching Mfr_command_plus write. More specifically, writes to Mfr_command_plus by host 0 update Mfr_data_plus0, and writes to Mfr_command_plus by host1 update Mfr_data_plus1. Multiple sequential reads while pointer=MFR_FAULT_LOG return the complete contents of the block read buffer. Block reads beyond the end of the buffer return zeros. Mfr_data_plus1 A write to this register will transfer the data to the location referenced by the last matching Mfr_command_ plus_pointer when the Poke operation protocol described in Poke Operation Using Mfr_data_plus0 on page 32 is followed. 30 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description MFR_STATUS_PLUS0 and MFR_STATUS_PLUS1 Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL b[7:2] Reserved b[1] b[0] OPERATION Mfr_status_plus_block_ peek_failed0 Status of most recent block peek for matching host. Mfr_status_plus_block_ peek_failed1 1: Last block peek was aborted due to an intervening fault log EEPROM write, MFR_FAULT_LOG_STORE command, or standard PMBus block read of MFR_FAULT_LOG. The intervening operation is always completed cleanly. 0: Last block peek was not aborted. Mfr_status_plus_poke_ failed0 Status of most recent poke for matching host. Mfr_status_plus_poke_ failed1 1: Last poke operation failed because pokes were not enabled as described in Enabling and Disabling Poke Operations below. 0: Last poke operation did not fail. MFR_STATUS_PLUS0 is at command location 0x2C, and MFR_STATUS_PLUS1 is at command location 0x2D. These correspond to reserved PMBus command locations. These two status registers can only be read via Command Plus peeks. Reading Fault Log Using Command Plus and Mfr_data_plus0 Write Mfr_command_plus_pointer=0xEE with Mfr_command_plus_page=0 and Mfr_command_plus_id=0. Read data from Mfr_data_plus0; each read returns the next data word of the MFR_FAULT_LOG command: • The first word read is Byte_count[15:0]=0x00FF. • The next set of words read is the Preamble with 2 bytes packed into a word. Refer to Fault Log section for details. • The next set of words read is the Cyclical Loop Data with 2 bytes per word. Refer to Fault Log section for details. • Extra reads return zero. • Interleaved PMBus word and byte commands do not interfere with an ongoing Command Plus block read. • Interleaved PMBus block reads of MFR_FAULT_LOG will interrupt this command. Check status to be sure the data just read was all valid: • Write Mfr_command_plus_pointer=0x2C with Mfr_command_plus_page=0 and Mfr_command_plus_id=0. • Read data from Mfr_data_plus0 and confirm that Mfr_status_plus_block_peek_failed0 = 0. 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 31 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description Peek Operation using Mfr_data_plus0 Internal words and bytes may be read using Command Plus: Write Mfr_command_plus_pointer=CMD_CODE with Mfr_command_plus_page=page and Mfr_command_plus_id=0. The CMD_CODE’s are listed in the PMBus COMMAND SUMMARY table. Read data from Mfr_data_plus0. Data is always read using a word read. Byte data is returned with the upper byte set to 0. Enabling and Disabling Poke Operations Poke operations to Mfr_data_plus0 are enabled by writing Mfr_command_plus = 0x0BF6. Poke operations to Mfr_data_plus0 are disabled by writing Mfr_command_plus = 0x01F6. Poke operations to Mfr_data_plus1 are enabled by writing Mfr_command_plus = 0x4BF6. Poke operations to Mfr_data_plus1 are disabled by writing Mfr_command_plus = 0x41F6. Poke Operation Using Mfr_data_plus0 Internal words and bytes may be written using Command Plus: Enable poke access for Mfr_data_plus0. This need only be done once after a power-up or WDI reset. Write Mfr_command_plus_pointer=CMD_CODE with Mfr_command_plus_page=page and Mfr_command_plus_id=0. The CMD_CODE’s are listed in the PMBus COMMAND SUMMARY table. Write the new data value to Mfr_data_plus0 Optionally check status to be sure data was written as desired: • Write Mfr_command_plus_pointer=0x2C with Mfr_command_plus_page=0 and Mfr_command_plus_id=0. • Read data from Mfr_data_plus0 and confirm that Mfr_status_plus_poke_failed0 = 0. Command Plus Operations Using Mfr_data_plus1 All the previous operations may be accessed via Mfr_data_plus1 by substituting Mfr_command_plus_id value with a 1. Poke operations must be enabled for Mfr_data_plus1. 32 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description Operation, Mode and EEPROM Commands OPERATION The OPERATION command is used to turn the unit on and off in conjunction with the CONTROLn pin and ON_OFF_ CONFIG. This command register responds to the global page command (PAGE=0xFF). The contents and functions of the data byte are shown in the following tables. A minimum tOFF_MIN wait time must be observed between OPERATION commands used to turn the unit off and then back on. OPERATION Data Contents (On_off_config_use_pmbus=1) SYMBOL Action BITS Turn off immediately Operation_control[1:0] Operation_margin[1:0] Operation_fault[1:0] Reserved (read only) b[7:6] b[5:4] b[3:2] b[1:0] 00 XX XX 00 Turn on 10 00 XX 00 Margin Low (Ignore Faults and Warnings) 10 01 01 00 Margin Low 10 01 10 00 Margin High (Ignore Faults and Warnings 10 10 01 00 10 10 10 00 01 00 XX 00 Sequence off and Margin Low (Ignore Faults and Warnings) 01 01 01 00 Sequence off and Margin Low 01 01 10 00 Sequence off and Margin High (Ignore Faults and Warnings) 01 10 01 00 Sequence off and Margin High 01 10 10 00 Margin High FUNCTION Sequence off and margin to nominal Reserved All remaining combinations OPERATION Data Contents (On_off_config_use_pmbus=0) SYMBOL Action Operation_control[1:0] Operation_margin[1:0] Operation_fault[1:0] Reserved (read only) b[7:6] b[5:4] b[3:2] b[1:0] Output at Nominal 00, 01 or 10 00 XX 00 Margin Low (Ignore faults and Warnings) 00, 01 or 10 01 01 00 BITS FUNCTION Margin Low 00, 01 or 10 01 10 00 Margin High (Ignore Faults and Warnings 00, 01 or 10 10 01 00 Margin High 00, 01 or 10 10 10 00 Reserved All remaining combinations 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 33 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description ON_OFF_CONFIG The ON_OFF_CONFIG command configures the combination of CONTROLn pin input and PMBus bus commands needed to turn the LTC2977 on/off, including the power-on behavior, as shown in the following table. This command register responds to the global page command (PAGE=0xFF). After the part has initialized, an additional comparator monitors VIN_SNS. The VIN_ON threshold must be exceeded before the output power sequencing can begin. After VIN is initially applied, the part will typically require tINIT time to initialize and begin the TON_DELAY timer. The readback of voltages and currents may require an additional wait for tUPDATE_ADC. A minimum tOFF_MIN wait time must be observed for any CONTROL pin toggle used to turn the unit off and then back on. ON_OFF_CONFIG Data Contents BITS(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[7:5] Reserved Don’t care. Always returns 0. b[4] On_off_config_controlled_on Controls default autonomous power-up operation. 0: Unit powers up regardless of the CONTROLn pin or OPERATION value. Unit always powers up with sequencing. To turn unit on without sequencing, set TON_DELAY = 0. 1: Unit does not power up unless commanded by the CONTROLn pin and/or the OPERATION command on the serial bus. If On_off_config[3:2] = 00, the unit never powers up. b[3] On_off_config_use_pmbus Controls how the unit responds to commands received via the serial bus. 0: Unit ignores the Operation_control[1:0] bits. 1: Unit responds to Operation_control[1:0]. Depending on On_off_config_use_control, the unit may also require the CONTROLn pin to be asserted for the unit to start. b[2] On_off_config_use_control Controls how unit responds to the CONTROLn pin. 0: Unit ignores the CONTROLn pin. 1: Unit requires the CONTROLn pin to be asserted to start the unit. Depending on On_off_config_use_ pmbus the OPERATION command may also be required to instruct the device to start. b[1] Reserved Not supported. Always returns 1. b[0] On_off_config_control_fast_off CONTROLn pin turn off action when commanding the unit to turn off 0: Use the programmed TOFF_DELAY. 1: Turn off the output and stop transferring energy as quickly as possible, i.e. pull VOUT_ENn low immediately. The device does not sink current in order to decrease the output voltage fall time. CLEAR_FAULTS The CLEAR_FAULTS command is used to clear any status bits that have been set. This command clears all fault and warning bits in all unpaged status registers, and the paged status registers selected by the current PAGE setting. At the same time, the device negates (clears, releases) its contribution to ALERTB. The CLEAR_FAULTS command does not cause a unit that has latched off for a fault condition to restart. See Clearing Latched Faults for more information. If the fault condition is present after the fault status is cleared, the fault status bit shall be set again and the host notified by the usual means. Note: This command responds to the global page command (PAGE=0xFF). 34 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description STORE_USER_ALL and RESTORE_USER_ALL STORE_USER_ALL, RESTORE_USER_ALL commands provide access to User EEPROM space. Once a command is stored in User EEPROM, it will be restored with an explicit restore command or when the part emerges from power-on reset after power is applied. While either of these commands is being processed, the device will indicate it is busy, see Response When Part Is Busy on page 67. STORE_USER_ALL. Issuing this command will store all operating memory commands with a corresponding EEPROM memory location. RESTORE_USER_ALL. Issuing this command will restore all commands from EEPROM Memory. It is recommended that this command not be executed while a unit is enabled since all monitoring is suspended while the EEPROM is transferred to operating memory, and intermediate values from EEPROM may not be compatible with the values initially stored in operating memory. CAPABILITY The CAPABILITY command provides a way for a host system to determine some key capabilities of the LTC2977. This one byte command is read only. CAPABILITY Data Contents BITS(S) SYMBOL b[7] b[6:5] b[4] b[3:0] OPERATION Capability_pec Hard coded to 1 indicating Packet Error Checking is supported. Reading the Mfr_config_all_pec_en bit will indicate whether PEC is currently required. Capability_scl_max Hard coded to 01b indicating the maximum supported bus speed is 400kHz. Capability_smb_alert Hard coded to 1 indicating this device does have an ALERTB pin and does support the SMBus Alert Response Protocol. Reserved Always returns 0. VOUT_MODE This command is read only and specifies the mode and exponent for all commands with an L16 data format. See Data Formats table on page 27. VOUT_MODE Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[7:5] Vout_mode_type Reports linear mode. Hard wired to 000b. b[4:0] Vout_mode_parameter Linear mode exponent. 5-bit two’s complement integer. Hardwired to 0x13 (–13 decimal). 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 35 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description Output Voltage Related Commands VOUT_COMMAND, VOUT_MAX, VOUT_MARGIN_HIGH, VOUT_MARGIN_LOW, VOUT_OV_FAULT_LIMIT, VOUT_ OV_WARN_LIMIT, VOUT_UV_WARN_LIMIT, VOUT_UV_FAULT_LIMIT, POWER_GOOD_ON and POWER_GOOD_OFF These commands use the same format and provide various servo, margining, and supervising limits for a channel’s output voltage. When odd channels are configured to measure current, the OV_WARN_LIMIT, UV_WARN_LIMIT, OV_FAULT_LIMIT and UV_FAULT_LIMIT commands are not supported. Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL b[15:0] Vout_command[15:0], Vout_max[15:0], OPERATION These commands relate to output voltage. The data uses the L16 format. Units: V Vout_margin_high[15:0], Vout_margin_low[15:0], Vout_ov_fault_limit[15:0], Vout_ov_warn_limit[15:0], Vout_uv_warn_limit[15:0], Vout_uv_fault_limit[15:0], Power_good_on[15:0], Power_good_off[15:0] Input Voltage Related Commands VIN_ON, VIN_OFF, VIN_OV_FAULT_LIMIT, VIN_OV_WARN_LIMIT, VIN_UV_WARN_LIMIT and VIN_UV_FAULT_ LIMIT These commands use the same format and provide voltage supervising limits for the input voltage VIN_SNS. Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[15:0] Vin_on[15:0], These commands relate to input voltage. The data uses the L11 format. Vin_off[15:0], Units: V. Vin_ov_fault_limit[15:0], Vin_ov_warn_limit[15:0], Vin_uv_warn_limit[15:0], Vin_uv_fault_limit[15:0] 36 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description Temperature Related Commands OT_FAULT_LIMIT, OT_WARN_LIMIT, UT_WARN_LIMIT and UT_FAULT_LIMIT These commands provide supervising limits for temperature. Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[15:0] Ot_fault_limit[15:0], The data uses the L11 format. Ot_warn_limit[15:0], Units: °C. Ut_warn_limit[15:0], Ut_fault_limit[15:0] Timer Limits TON_DELAY, TON_RISE, TON_MAX_FAULT_LIMIT and TOFF_DELAY These commands share the same format and provide sequencing and timer fault and warning delays in ms. TON_DELAY sets the amount of time in milliseconds that a channel waits following the start of an ON sequence before its VOUT_EN pin enables a DC/DC converter. This delay is counted using SHARE_CLK only. TON_RISE sets the amount of time in ms that elapses after the power supply has been enabled until the LTC2977’s DAC soft-connects and servos the output voltage to the desired level if Mfr_config_dac_mode = 00b. This delay is counted using SHARE_CLK if available, otherwise the internal oscillator is used. TON_MAX_FAULT_LIMIT is the maximum amount of time that the power supply being controlled by the LTC2977 can attempt to power up the output without reaching the VOUT_UV_FAULT_LIMIT. If the output reaches VOUT_UV_ FAULT_LIMIT prior to TON_MAX_FAULT_LIMIT, the LTC2977 unmasks the VOUT_UV_FAULT_LIMIT threshold. If it does not, then a TON_MAX_FAULT is declared. (Note that a value of zero means there is no limit to how long the power supply can attempt to bring up its output voltage.) This delay is counted using SHARE_CLK if available, otherwise the internal oscillator is used. TOFF_DELAY is the amount of time that elapses after the CONTROLn pin and/or OPERATION command is deasserted until the channel is disabled (soft-off). This delay is counted using SHARE_CLK if available, otherwise the internal oscillator is used. TON_DELAY and TOFF_DELAY are internally limited to 13.1 seconds, and rounded to the nearest 10µs when smaller than 655ms, or rounded to the nearest 200µs when larger than 655ms. TON_RISE and TON_MAX_FAULT_LIMIT are internally limited to 655ms, and rounded to the nearest 10µs. The read value of these commands always returns what was last written and does not reflect internal limiting. Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[15:0] Ton_delay[15:0], The data uses the L11 format. Ton_rise[15:0], Units: ms. Ton_max_fault[15:0], Toff_delay[15:0] 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 37 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description Fault Response for Voltages Measured by the High Speed Supervisor VOUT_OV_FAULT_RESPONSE and VOUT_UV_FAULT_RESPONSE The fault response documented here is for voltages that are measured by the high speed supervisor. These voltages are measured over a short period of time and may require a deglitch period. Note that in addition to the response described by these commands, the LTC2977 will also: • Set the appropriate bit(s) in the STATUS_BYTE • Set the appropriate bit(s) in the STATUS_WORD • Set the appropriate bit in the corresponding STATUS_VOUT register, and • Notify the host by pulling the ALERTB pin low. Note: Odd numbered channels configured for high resolution ADC measurements (current measurements) will not respond to OV/UV faults or warnings. Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[7:6] Vout_ov_fault_response_action, Response action: Vout_uv_fault_response_action 00b: The unit continues operation without interruption. 01b: The unit continues operating for the delay time specified by bits[2:0] in increments of ts_vs. (See Electrical Characteristics Table, Voltage Supervisor Characteristics section). If the fault is still present at the end of the delay time, the unit shuts down immediately or sequences off after TOFF_DELAY (See Mfr_config_chan_mode). After shutting down, the device responds according to the retry setting in bits [5:3]. 1Xb: The unit shuts down immediately or sequences off after TOFF_DELAY (See Mfr_config_chan_mode). After shutting down, the device responds according to the retry setting in bits [5:3]. b[5:3] Vout_ov_fault_response_retry, Vout_uv_fault_response_retry Response retry behavior: 000b: A zero value for the retry setting means that the unit does not attempt to restart. The output remains disabled until the fault is cleared. 001b-111b: The PMBus device attempts to restart the number of times specified by the global Mfr_retry_ count[2:0], until it is commanded OFF (by the CONTROL pin or OPERATION command or both), bias power is removed, or another fault condition causes the unit to shut down. b[2:0] Vout_ov_fault_response_delay, Vout_uv_fault_response_delay This sample count determines the amount of time a unit is to ignore a fault after it is first detected. Use this delay to deglitch fast faults. 000b: The unit turns off immediately. 001b-111b: The unit turns off after b[2:0] samples at the sampling period of ts_vs (12.2µs typical). 38 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description Fault Response for Values Measured by the ADC OT_FAULT_RESPONSE, UT_FAULT_RESPONSE, VIN_OV_FAULT_RESPONSE and VIN_UV_FAULT_RESPONSE The fault response documented here is for values that are measured by the ADC. These values are measured over a longer period of time and are not deglitched. Note that in addition to the response described by these commands, the LTC2977 will also: • Set the appropriate bit(s) in the STATUS_BYTE • Set the appropriate bit(s) in the STATUS_WORD • Set the appropriate bit in the corresponding STATUS_VIN or STATUS_TEMPERATURE register, and • Notify the host by pulling the ALERTB pin low. Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[7:6] Ot_fault_response_action, Response action: Ut_fault_response_action, 00b: The unit continues operation without interruption. Vin_ov_fault_response_action, 01b to 11b: The unit shuts down immediately or sequences off after TOFF_DELAY (See Mfr_config_chan_ mode). After shutting down, the unit responds according to the retry setting in bits [5:3]. Vin_uv_fault_response_action b[5:3] Ot_fault_response_retry, Ut_fault_response_retry, Vin_ov_fault_response_retry, Vin_uv_fault_response_retry b[2:0] Ot_fault_response_delay, Response retry behavior: 000b: A zero value for the retry setting means that the unit does not attempt to restart. The output remains disabled until the fault is cleared. 001b-111b: The PMBus device attempts to restart the number of times specified by the global Mfr_retry_ count[2:0] until it is commanded OFF (by the CONTROLn pin or OPERATION command or both), bias power is removed, or another fault condition causes the unit to shut down. Hard coded to 000b. There is no additional deglitch delay applied to fault detection. Ut_fault_response_delay, Vin_ov_fault_response_delay, Vin_uv_fault_response_delay 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 39 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description Timed Fault Response TON_MAX_FAULT_RESPONSE This command defines the LTC2977 response to a TON_MAX_FAULT. It may be used to protect against a short-circuited output at start-up. After start-up use VOUT_UV_FAULT_RESPONSE to protect against a short-circuited output. The device also: • Sets the HIGH_BYTE bit in the STATUS_BYTE, • Sets the VOUT bit in the STATUS_WORD, • Sets the TON_MAX_FAULT bit in the STATUS_VOUT register, and • Notifies the host by asserting ALERTB. TON_MAX_FAULT_RESPONSE Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[7:6] Ton_max_fault_response_action Response action: 00b: The unit continues operation without interruption. 01b-11b: The unit shuts down immediately or sequences off after TOFF_DELAY (See Mfr_config_chan_ mode). After shutting down, the unit responds according to the retry settings in bits [5:3]. b[5:3] Ton_max_fault_response_retry Response retry behavior: 000b: A zero value for the Retry Setting means that the unit does not attempt to restart. The output remains disabled until the fault is cleared. 001b-111b: The PMBus device attempts to restart the number of times specified by the global Mfr_retry_ count[2:0] until it is commanded OFF (by the CONTROLn pin or OPERATION command or both), bias power is removed, or another fault condition causes the unit to shut down. b[2:0] Ton_max_fault_response_delay Hard coded to 000b. There is no additional deglitch delay applied to fault detection. Clearing Latched Faults When a channel shuts down due to a fault, the off state is latched. This is referred to as a latched fault condition. Latched faults are reset by toggling the CONTROL pin, using the OPERATION or ON_OFF_CONFIG command, or removing and reapplying the bias voltage to the VIN_SNS pin. All fault and warning conditions result in the ALERTB pin being asserted low and the corresponding bits being set in the status registers. The CLEAR_FAULTS command resets the contents of the status registers and de-asserts the ALERTB output, but it does not clear a faulted off state nor allow a channel to turn back on. 40 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description Status Commands STATUS_BYTE The STATUS_BYTE command returns the summary of the most critical faults or warnings which have occurred, as shown in the following table. STATUS_BYTE is a subset of STATUS_WORD and duplicates the same information. STATUS_BYTE Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[7] Status_byte_busy Same as Status_word_busy b[6] Status_byte_off Same as Status_word_off b[5] Status_byte_vout_ov Same as Status_word_vout_ov b[4] Status_byte_iout_oc Same as Status_word_iout_oc b[3] Status_byte_vin_uv Same as Status_word_vin_uv b[2] Status_byte_temp Same as Status_word_temp b[1] Status_byte_cml Same as Status_word_cml b[0] Status_byte_high_byte Same as Status_word_high_byte STATUS_WORD The STATUS_WORD command returns two bytes of information with a summary of the unit’s fault condition. Based on the information in these bytes, the host can get more information by reading the appropriate detailed status register. The low byte of the STATUS_WORD is the same register as the STATUS_BYTE command. STATUS_WORD Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[15] Status_word_vout An output voltage fault or warning has occurred. See STATUS_VOUT. b[14] Status_word_iout Not supported. Always returns 0. b[13] Status_word_input An input voltage fault or warning has occurred. See STATUS_INPUT. b[12] Status_word_mfr A manufacturer specific fault has occurred. See STATUS_MFR_SPECIFIC and MFR_STATUS_2. b[11] Status_word_power_not_good The PWRGD pin, if enabled, is negated. Power is not good. b[10] Status_word_fans Not supported. Always returns 0. b[9] Status_word_other Not supported. Always returns 0. b[8] Status_word_unknown Not supported. Always returns 0. b[7] Status_word_busy Device busy when PMBus command received. See OPERATION: Processing Commands. b[6] Status_word_off This bit is asserted if the unit is not providing power to the output, regardless of the reason, including simply not being enabled. The off bit is clear if unit is allowed to provide power to the output. b[5] Status_word_vout_ov An output overvoltage fault has occurred. b[4] Status_word_iout_oc Not supported. Always returns 0. b[3] Status_word_vin_uv A VIN undervoltage fault has occurred. b[2] Status_word_temp A temperature fault or warning has occurred. See STATUS_TEMPERATURE. b[1] Status_word_cml A communication, memory or logic fault has occurred. See STATUS_CML. b[0] Status_word_high_byte A fault/warning not listed in b[7:1] has occurred. 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 41 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description STATUS_VOUT The STATUS_VOUT command returns the summary of the output voltage faults or warnings which have occurred, as shown in the following table: STATUS_VOUT Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[7] Status_vout_ov_fault Overvoltage fault. b[6] Status_vout_ov_warn Overvoltage warning. b[5] Status_vout_uv_warn Undervoltage warning b[4] Status_vout_uv_fault Undervoltage fault. b[3] Status_vout_max_fault VOUT_MAX fault. An attempt has been made to set the output voltage to a value higher than allowed by the VOUT_MAX command. b[2] Status_vout_ton_max_fault TON_MAX_FAULT sequencing fault. b[1] Status_vout_toff_max_warn Not supported. Always returns 0. b[0] Status_vout_tracking_error Not supported. Always returns 0. STATUS_INPUT The STATUS_INPUT command returns the summary of the VIN faults or warnings which have occurred, as shown in the following table: STATUS_INPUT Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[7] Status_input_ov_fault VIN Overvoltage fault b[6] Status_input_ov_warn VIN Overvoltage warning b[5] Status_input_uv_warn VIN Undervoltage warning b[4] Status_input_uv_fault VIN Undervoltage fault b[3] Status_input_off Unit is off for insufficient input voltage. b[2] IIN overcurrent fault Not supported. Always returns 0. b[1] IIN overcurrent warn Not supported. Always returns 0. b[0] PIN overpower warn Not supported. Always returns 0. STATUS_TEMPERATURE The STATUS_TEMPERATURE command returns the summary of the temperature faults or warnings which have occurred, as shown in the following table: STATUS_TEMPERATURE Data Contents Bit(s) Symbol Operation b[7] Status_temperature_ot_fault Overtemperature fault. b[6] Status_temperature_ot_warn Overtemperature warning. b[5] Status_temperature_ut_warn Undertemperature warning. b[4] Status_temperature_ut_fault Undertemperature fault. Reserved Reserved. Always returns 0s. b[3:0] 42 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description STATUS_CML The STATUS_CML command returns the summary of the communication, memory and logic faults or warnings which have occurred, as shown in the following table: STATUS_CML Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[7] Status_cml_cmd_fault Illegal or unsupported command fault has occurred. b[6] Status_cml_data_fault Illegal or unsupported data received. b[5] Status_cml_pec_fault A PEC fault has occurred. Note: PEC checking is always active in the LTC2977. Any extra byte received before a STOP will set Status_cml_pec_fault unless the extra byte is a matching PEC byte. b[4] Status_cml_memory_fault A fault has occurred in the EEPROM. b[3] Status_cml_processor_fault Not supported, always returns 0. b[2] Reserved Reserved, always returns 0. b[1] Status_cml_pmbus_fault A communication fault other than ones listed in this table has occurred. This is a catch all category for illegally formed I2C/SMBus commands (Example: An address byte with read =1 received immediately after a START). b[0] Status_cml_unknown_fault Not supported, always returns 0. STATUS_MFR_SPECIFIC The STATUS_MFR_SPECIFIC command returns manufacturer specific status flags. Bits marked CHANNEL=All are not paged. Bits marked STICKY=Yes stay set until a CLEAR_FAULTS is issued or the channel is commanded on by the user. Bits marked ALERT=Yes pull ALERTB low when the bit is set. Bits marked OFF=Yes indicate that the event can be configured elsewhere to turn the channel off. See MFR_STATUS_2 on page 62 for additional bits related to manufacturer specific status. STATUS_MFR_SPECIFIC Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION CHANNEL STICKY ALERT OFF b[7] Status_mfr_discharge A VOUT discharge fault occurred while attempting to enter the ON state Current Page Yes Yes Yes b[6] Status_mfr_fault1_in This channel attempted to turn on while the FAULTBz1 pin was asserted low, or this channel has shut down at least once in response to a FAULTBz1 pin asserting low since the last CONTROLn pin toggle, OPERATION command ON/OFF cycle or CLEAR_FAULTS command. Current Page Yes Yes Yes b[5] Status_mfr_fault0_in This channel attempted to turn on while the FAULTBz0 pin was asserted low, or this channel has shut down at least once in response to a FAULTBz0 pin asserting low since the last CONTROLn pin toggle, OPERATION command ON/OFF cycle or CLEAR_FAULTS command. Current Page Yes Yes Yes b[4] Status_mfr_servo_target_reached Servo target has been reached. Current Page No No No b[3] Status_mfr_dac_connected DAC is connected and driving VDACP pin. Current Page No No No b[2] Status_mfr_dac_saturated A previous servo operation terminated with maximum or minimum DAC value. Current Page Yes No No b[1] Status_mfr_vinen_faulted_off VIN_EN has been deasserted due to a VOUT fault. All No No No b[0] Status_mfr_watchdog_fault A watchdog fault has occurred. All Yes Yes No 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 43 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description ADC Monitoring Commands READ_VIN This command returns the most recent ADC measured value of the voltage measured at the VIN_SNS pin. READ_VIN Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[15:0] Read_vin[15:0] The data uses the L11 format. Units: V READ_VOUT This command returns the most recent ADC measured value of the channel’s output voltage. When odd channels are configured to measure current, the data contents use the L11 format with units in mV. READ_VOUT Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[15:0] Read_vout[15:0] The data uses the L16 format. Units: V READ_VOUT Data Contents—for Odd Channels Configured to Measure Current (Mfr_config_adc_hires = 1) Bit(s) Symbol Operation b[15:0] Read_vout[15:0] The data uses the L11 format. Units: mV READ_TEMPERATURE_1 This command returns the most recent ADC measured value of junction temperature in °C as determined by the LTC2977’s internal temperature sensor. READ_TEMPERATURE_1 Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[15:0] Read_temperature_1 [15:0] The data uses the L11 format. Units: °C. PMBUS_REVISION The PMBUS_REVISION command register is read only and reports the LTC2977 compliance to the PMBus standard revision 1.1. PMBUS_REVISION Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[7:0] PMBus_rev Reports the PMBus standard revision compliance. This is hard-coded to 0x11 for revision 1.1. 44 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description Manufacturer Specific Commands MFR_CONFIG_LTC2977 This command is used to configure various manufacturer specific operating parameters for each channel. MFR_CONFIG_LTC2977 Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL b[15:14] Mfr_config_chan_mode OPERATION Select channel specific sequencing mode. 00 = Channel uses PMBus delay sequencing with immediate off upon fault. 01 = Channel uses PMBus delay sequencing with sequence off upon fault. 1x = Channel is a slave in a tracked power supply system. b[13:12] Reserved Don’t care. Always returns 0. b[11] Mfr_config_fast_servo_off Disables fast servo when margining or trimming output voltages: 0: fast-servo enabled. 1: fast-servo disabled. b[10] Mfr_config_supervisor_resolution Selects supervisor resolution: 0: high resolution = 4mV/LSB, range for VVSENSEPn – VVSENSEMn is 0V to 3.8V. 1: low resolution = 8mV/LSB, range for VVSENSEPn – VVSENSEMn is 0V to 6.0V. b[9] Mfr_config_adc_hires Selects ADC resolution for odd channels. This is typically used to measure current. Ignored for even channels (they always use low resolution). 0: low resolution = 122µV/LSB. 1: high resolution = 15.6µV/LSB. b[8] Mfr_config_controln_sel Selects the active control pin input (CONTROL0 or CONTROL1) for this channel. 0: Select CONTROL0 pin. 1: Select CONTROL1 pin. b[7] Mfr_config_servo_continuous Select whether the UNIT should continuously servo VOUT after it has reached a new margin or nominal target. Only applies when Mfr_config_dac_mode = 00b. 0: Do not continuously servo VOUT after reaching initial target. 1: Continuously servo VOUT to target. b[6] Mfr_config_servo_on_warn Control re-servo on warning feature. Only applies when Mfr_config_dac_mode = 00b and Mfr_config_servo_continuous = 0. 0: Do not allow the unit to re-servo when a VOUT warning threshold is met or exceeded. b[5:4] Mfr_config_dac_mode b[3] Mfr_config_vo_en_wpu_en b[2] Mfr_config_vo_en_wpd_en 1: Allow the unit to re-servo VOUT to nominal target if VOUT ≥ V(Vout_ov_warn_limit) or VOUT ≤ V(Vout_uv_warn_limit). Determines how DAC is used when channel is in the ON state and TON_RISE has elapsed. 00: Soft-connect (if needed) and servo to target. 01: DAC not connected. 10: DAC connected immediately using value from MFR_DAC command. If this is the configuration after a reset or RESTORE_USER_ALL, MFR_DAC will be undefined and must be written to desired value. 11: DAC is soft-connected. After soft-connect is complete MFR_DAC may be written. VOUT_EN pin charge-pumped, current-limited pull-up enable. 0: Disable weak pull-up. VOUT_EN pin driver is three-stated when channel is on. 1: Use weak current-limited pull-up on VOUT_EN pin when the channel is on. For channels 4-7 this bit is treated as a 0 regardless of its value. VOUT_EN pin current-limited pull-down enable. 0: Use a fast N-channel device to pull down VOUT_EN pin when the channel is off for any reason. 1: Use weak current-limited pull-down to discharge VOUT_EN pin when channel is off due to soft stop by the CONTROLn pin and/or OPERATION command. If the channel is off due to a fault, use the fast pull-down on VOUT_EN pin. For channels 4-7 this bit is treated as a 0 regardless of its value. 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 45 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description MFR_CONFIG_LTC2977 Data Contents BIT(S) b[1] SYMBOL Mfr_config_dac_gain b[0] Mfr_config_dac_pol OPERATION DAC buffer gain. 0: Select DAC buffer gain dac_gain_0 (1.38V full-scale) 1: Select DAC buffer gain dac_gain_1 (2.65V full-scale) DAC output polarity. 0: Encodes negative (inverting) DC/DC converter trim input. 1: Encodes positive (noninverting) DC/DC converter trim input. Tracking Supplies On and Off The LTC2977 supports tracking power supplies that are equipped with a tracking pin and configured for tracking. A tracking power supply uses a secondary feedback terminal (TRACK) to allow its output voltage to be scaled to an external master voltage. Typically the external voltage is generated by the supply with the highest voltage in the system, which is fed to the slave track pins (see Figure 13a). Supplies that track a master supply must be enabled before the master supply comes up and disabled after the master supply comes down. Enabling the slave supplies when the master is down requires supervisors monitoring the slaves to disable UV detection. All channels configured for tracking must track off together in response to a fault on any channel or any other condition that can bring one or more of the channels down. Prematurely disabling a slave channel via its RUN pin may cause that channel to shut down out of sequence (see Figure 13d) LTC2977 CONTROL0 FAULTB0 CONTROL0 PWRGD FAULT00 VSENSEP0 VOUT_EN0 VSENSEM0 VDACP0 RUN VFB VOUTP DC/DC VOUTM TRACK VSENSEP1 VOUT_EN1 VSENSEM1 VDACP1 RUN VFB R1_1 VSENSEP2 VOUT_EN2 VSENSEM2 VDACP2 VOUT_EN3 VSENSEM3 VDACP3 VFB VSENSEP1 LOAD VOUTM VOUTP DC/DC VSENSEM1 VOUTM TRACK VSENSEP2 LOAD VSENSEM2 R2_2 RUN VFB R1_3 VSENSEM0 R2_1 RUN R1_2 VSENSEP3 VOUTP DC/DC TRACK VSENSEP0 LOAD VOUTP DC/DC TRACK R2_3 VSENSEP3 LOAD VOUTM VSENSEM3 2977 F13a Figure 13a. LTC2977 Configured to Control, Supervise and Monitor Power Supplies Equipped with Tracking Pin 46 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description An important feature of the LTC2977 is the ability to control, monitor, and supervise DC/DC converters that are configured to track a master supply on and off. The LTC2977 supports the following tracking features: • Track channels on and off without issuing false UV events when the slave channels are tracking up or down. • Track all channels down in response to a fault from a slave or master. • Track all channels down when VIN_SNS drops below VIN_OFF, share clock is held low or RESTORE_USER_ALL is issued. • Ability to reconfigure selected channels that are part of a tracking group to sequence up after the group has tracked up or sequence down before the group has tracked down. TON_RISE EXPIRES FOR ALL CHANNELS. UV DETECT ENABLED ON ALL CHANNELS VOUT0 TOFF_DELAY ENTERED FOR ALL CHANNELS. UV DETECT DISABLED ON ALL CHANNELS VOUT1 VOUT2 MASTER BRINGS DOWN NEXT HIGHEST SLAVE VOUT3 CONTROL VOUT_EN0 VOUT_EN(3:1) 2977 F13b SLAVE OUTPUT ENABLES TURN ON FIRST SLAVE OUTPUT ENABLES TURN OFF LAST Figure 13b. Control Pin Tracking All Supplies Up And Down TON_RISE EXPIRES FOR ALL CHANNELS. UV DETECT ENABLED ON ALL CHANNELS TOFF_DELAY ENTERED FOR ALL CHANNELS. UV DETECT DISABLED ON ALL CHANNELS VOUT0 UV FAULT ON CHANNEL 1 BRINGS DOWN MASTER VIA FAULTB0. ALL SLAVE CHANNELS INCLUDING THE ONE WITH THE UV FAULT ENTER TOFF_DELAY VOUT1 VOUT2 VOUT3 MASTER BRINGS DOWN NEXT HIGHEST SLAVE CONTROL FAULTB0 VOUT_EN0 VOUT_EN(3:1) 2977 F13c SLAVE OUTPUT ENABLES TURN ON FIRST SLAVE OUTPUT ENABLES TURN OFF LAST Figure 13c. Fault on Channel 1 Tracking All Supplies Down 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 47 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description TON_RISE EXPIRES FOR ALL CHANNELS. UV DETECT ENABLED ON ALL CHANNELS TOFF_DELAY ENTERED FOR ALL CHANNELS. UV DETECT DISABLED ON ALL CHANNELS VOUT0 VOUT1 VOUT2 UV FAULT ON CHANNEL 1 BRINGS DOWN MASTER VIA FAULTB0. ALL SLAVES WITH ENABLED RUN PINS TRACK DOWN CORRECTLY VOUT3 DISABLING VOUT_EN1 IMMEDIATELY IN RESPONSE TO THE UV FAULT CAUSES VOUT1 TO SHUT DOWN OUT OF SEQUENCE CONTROL FAULTB0 VOUT_EN0 VOUT_EN1 VOUT_EN(3:2) 2977 F13d SLAVE OUTPUT ENABLES TURN ON FIRST SLAVE OUTPUT ENABLES TURN OFF LAST Figure 13d. Improperly Configured Fault Response on Faulting Channel Disrupts Tracking Tracking Implementation The LTC2977 supports tracking through the coordinated programing of Ton_delay, Ton_rise,Toff_delay and Mfr_config_ chan_mode. The master channel must be configured to turn on after all the slave channels have turned on and to turn off before all the slave channels turn off. Slaves that are enabled before the master will remain off until the tracking pin allows them to turn on. Slaves will be turned off via the tracking pin even though their run pin is still asserted. Ton_rise must be extended on the slaves so that it ends relative to the rise of the TRACK pin and not the rise of the VOUT_EN pin. When Mfr_config_chan_mode = 1Xb the channel is reconfigured to: • Sequence down on fault, VIN_OFF, SHARE_CLK low or RESTORE_USER_ALL. • Ignore UV during TOFF_DELAY. Note that ignoring UV during TON_RISE and TON_MAX_FAULT always happens regardless of how these configuration bits are set. The following example illustrates configuring an LTC2977 with one master channel and three slaves. Master channel 0 TON_DELAY = Ton_delay_master TON_RISE = Ton_rise_master TOFF_DELAY = Toff_delay_master Mfr_config_chan_mode = 00 Slave channel n TON_DELAY = Ton_delay_slave TON_RISE = Ton_delay_master + Ton_rise_slave 48 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description TOFF_DELAY = Toff_delay_master + Toff_delay_slave Mfr_config_chan_mode = 10b Where: Ton_delay_master – Ton_delay_slave > RUN to TRACK setup time Toff_delay_slave > time for master supply to fall. The system response to a control pin toggle is illustrated in Figure 13b. The system response to a UV fault on a slave channel is illustrated in Figure 13c. MFR_CONFIG_ALL_LTC2977 This command is used to configure parameters that are common to all channels on the IC. They may be set or reviewed from any PAGE setting. MFR_CONFIG_ALL_LTC2977 Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL b[15-13] Reserved b[12] OPERATION Don’t care. Always returns 0 Mfr_config_all_en_short_cycle_fault Enable short cycle fault detection. See Mfr_status_2_short_cycle_fault on page 62 for more information. 0: Issuing an ON before prior OFF is complete will not cause a fault. b[11] Mfr_config_all_pwrgd_off_uses_uv 1: Issuing an ON before prior OFF is complete will cause a fault. Selects PWRGD de-assertion source for all channels. 0: PWRGD is de-asserted based on VOUT being below or equal to POWER_GOOD_OFF. This option uses the ADC. Response time is approximately 100ms to 200ms. b[10] Mfr_config_all_fast_fault_log 1: PWRGD is de-asserted based on VOUT being below or equal to VOUT_UV_LIMIT. This option uses the high speed supervisor. Response time is approximately 12µs Controls number of ADC readings completed before transferring fault log memory to EEPROM. 0: Slower. All ADC telemetry values will be updated before transferring fault log to EEPROM. b[9:8] b[7] b[6] b[5] b[4] b[3] Reserved 1: Faster. Telemetry values will be transferred from fault log to EEPROM within 24ms after detecting fault. Don’t care. Always returns 0 Enable fault logging to EEPROM in response to Fault. 0: Fault logging to EEPROM is disabled 1: Fault logging to EEPROM is enabled Mfr_config_all_vin_on_clr_faults_en Allow VIN rising above VIN_ON to clear all latched faults 0: VIN_ON clear faults feature is disabled 1: VIN_ON clear faults feature is enabled Mfr_config_all_control1_pol Selects active polarity of CONTROL1 pin. 0: Active low (pull pin low to start unit) 1: Active high (pull pin high to start unit) Mfr_config_all_control0_pol Selects active polarity of CONTROL0 pin. 0: Active low (pull pin low to start unit) 1: Active high (pull pin high to start unit) Mfr_config_all_vin_share_enable Allow this unit to hold SHARE_CLK pin low when VIN has not risen above VIN_ON or has fallen below VIN_OFF. When enabled, this unit will also turn all channels off in response to SHARE_CLK being held low. 0: SHARE_CLK inhibit is disabled 1: SHARE_CLK inhibit is enabled Mfr_config_all_fault_log_enable 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 49 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description MFR_CONFIG_ALL_LTC2977 Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL b[2] Mfr_config_all_pec_en b[1] Mfr_config_all_longer_pmbus_ timeout b[0] Mfr_config_all_vinen_wpu_dis OPERATION PMBus packet error checking enable. 0: PEC is accepted but not required 1: PEC is required Increase PMBus timeout internal by a factor of 8. Recommended for fault logging. 0: PMBus timeout is not multiplied by a factor of 8 1: PMBus timeout is multiplied by a factor of 8 VIN_EN charge-pumped, current-limited pull-up disable. 0: Use weak current-limited pull-up on VIN_EN after power-up, as long as no faults have forced VIN_EN off. 1: Disable weak pull-up. VIN_EN driver is three-stated after power-up as long as no faults have forced VIN_EN off. MFR_FAULTBz0_PROPAGATE, MFR_FAULTBz1_PROPAGATE These manufacturer specific commands enable channels that have faulted off to propagate that state to the appropriate fault pin. Faulted off states for pages 0 through 3 can only be propagated to pins FAULTB00 and FAULTB01; this is referred to as zone 0. Faulted off states for pages 4 through 7 can only be propagated to pins FAULTB10 and FAULTB11; this is referred to as zone 1. The z designator in the command name is used to indicate that this command affects different zones depending on the page. See Figure 20. Note that pulling a fault pin low will have no effect for channels that have MFR_FAULTBzn_RESPONSE set to 0. The channel continues operation without interruption. This fault response is called Ignore (0x0) in LTpowerPlay. MFR_FAULTBz0_PROPAGATE Data Content BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[7:1] Reserved Don’t care. Always returns 0. b[0] Mfr_faultbz0_propagate Enable fault propagation. For pages 0 through 3, zone 0 0: Channel’s faulted off state does not assert FAULTB00 low. 1: Channel’s faulted off state asserts FAULTB00 low. For pages 4 through 7, zone 1 0: Channel’s faulted off state does not assert FAULTB10 low. 1: Channel’s faulted off state asserts FAULTB10 low. MFR_FAULTBz1_PROPAGATE Data Content BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[7:1] Reserved Don’t care. Always returns 0. Mfr_faultbz1_propagate Enable fault propagation. For pages 0 through 3, zone 0 0: Channel’s faulted off state does not assert FAULTB01 low. 1: Channel’s faulted off state asserts FAULTB01 low. For pages 4 through 7, zone 1 0: Channel’s faulted off state does not assert FAULTB11 low. 1: Channel’s faulted off state asserts FAULTB11 low. b[0] 50 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description MFR_PWRGD_EN This command register controls the mapping of the watchdog and channel power good status to the PWRGD pin. Note that odd numbered channels whose ADC is in high res mode do not contribute to power good. MFR_PWRGD_EN Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[15:9] Reserved Read only, always returns 0s. b[8] Mfr_pwrgd_en_wdog Watchdog 1 = Watchdog timer not-expired status is ANDed with PWRGD status for any similarly enabled channels to determine when the PWRGD pin gets asserted. 0 = Watchdog timer does not affect the PWRGD pin. b[7] Mfr_pwrgd_en_chan7 Channel 7 1 = PWRGD status for this channel is ANDed with PWRGD status for any similarly enabled channels to determine when the PWRGD pin gets asserted. 0 = PWRGD status for this channel does not affect the PWRGD pin. b[6] Mfr_pwrgd_en_chan6 Channel 6 1 = PWRGD status for this channel is ANDed with PWRGD status for any similarly enabled channels to determine when the PWRGD pin gets asserted. 0 = PWRGD status for this channel does not affect the PWRGD pin. b[5] Mfr_pwrgd_en_chan5 Channel 5 1 = PWRGD status for this channel is ANDed with PWRGD status for any similarly enabled channels to determine when the PWRGD pin gets asserted. 0 = PWRGD status for this channel does not affect the PWRGD pin. b[4] Mfr_pwrgd_en_chan4 Channel 4 1 = PWRGD status for this channel is ANDed with PWRGD status for any similarly enabled channels to determine when the PWRGD pin gets asserted. 0 = PWRGD status for this channel does not affect the PWRGD pin. b[3] Mfr_pwrgd_en_chan3 Channel 3 1 = PWRGD status for this channel is ANDed with PWRGD status for any similarly enabled channels to determine when the PWRGD pin gets asserted. 0 = PWRGD status for this channel does not affect the PWRGD pin. b[2] Mfr_pwrgd_en_chan2 Channel 2 1 = PWRGD status for this channel is ANDed with PWRGD status for any similarly enabled channels to determine when the PWRGD pin gets asserted. 0 = PWRGD status for this channel does not affect the PWRGD pin. b[1] Mfr_pwrgd_en_chan1 Channel 1 1 = PWRGD status for this channel is ANDed with PWRGD status for any similarly enabled channels to determine when the PWRGD pin gets asserted. 0 = PWRGD status for this channel does not affect the PWRGD pin. b[0] Mfr_pwrgd_en_chan0 Channel 0 1 = PWRGD status for this channel is ANDed with PWRGD status for any similarly enabled channels to determine when the PWRGD pin gets asserted. 0 = PWRGD status for this channel does not affect the PWRGD pin. 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 51 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description MFR_FAULTB00_RESPONSE, MFR_FAULTB01_RESPONSE, MFR_FAULTB10_RESPONSE and MFR_ FAULTB11_RESPONSE These manufacturer specific commands share the same format and specify the response to assertions of the FAULTB pins. For fault zone 0, MFR_FAULTB00_RESPONSE determines whether channels 0 to 3 shut off when the FAULTB00 pin is asserted, and MFR_FAULTB01_RESPONSE determines whether channels 0 to 3 shut off when the FAULTB01 pin is asserted. For fault zone 1, MFR_FAULTB10_RESPONSE determines whether channels 4 to 7 shut off when the FAULTB10 pin is asserted, and MFR_FAULTB11_RESPONSE determines whether channels 4 to 7 shut off when the FAULTB11 pin is asserted. When a channel shuts off in response to a FAULTB pin, the ALERTB pin is asserted low and the appropriate bit is set in the STATUS_MFR_SPECIFIC register. For a graphical explanation, see the switches on the left hand side of Figure 20, Channel Fault Management Block Diagram. Data Contents—Fault Zone 0 Response Commands BIT(S) SYMBOL b[7:4] Reserved b[3] Mfr_faultb00_response_chan3, Mfr_faultb01_response_chan3 b[2] Mfr_faultb00_response_chan2, Mfr_faultb01_response_chan2 b[1] Mfr_faultb00_response_chan1, Mfr_faultb01_response_chan1 b[0] Mfr_faultb00_response_chan0, Mfr_faultb01_response_chan0 OPERATION Read only, always returns 0s. Channel 3 response. 0: The channel continues operation without interruption. 1: The channel shuts down if the corresponding FAULTBzn pin is still asserted after 10µs. When the FAULTBzn pin subsequently deasserts, the channel turns back on, honoring TON_DELAY and TON_RISE settings. Channel 2 response. 0: The channel continues operation without interruption. 1: The channel shuts down if the corresponding FAULTBzn pin is still asserted after 10µs. When the FAULTBzn pin subsequently deasserts, the channel turns back on, honoring TON_DELAY and TON_RISE settings. Channel 1 response. 0: The channel continues operation without interruption. 1: The channel shuts down if the corresponding FAULTBzn pin is still asserted after 10µs. When the FAULTBzn pin subsequently deasserts, the channel turns back on, honoring TON_DELAY and TON_RISE settings. Channel 0 response. 0: The channel continues operation without interruption. 1: The channel shuts down if the corresponding FAULTBzn pin is still asserted after 10µs. When the FAULTBzn pin subsequently deasserts, the channel turns back on, honoring TON_DELAY and TON_RISE settings. Data Contents—Fault Zone 1 Response Commands BIT(S) SYMBOL b[7:4] Reserved b[3] Mfr_faultb10_response_chan7, Mfr_faultb11_response_chan7 b[2] Mfr_faultb10_response_chan6, Mfr_faultb11_response_chan6 b[1] Mfr_faultb10_response_chan5, Mfr_faultb11_response_chan5 b[0] Mfr_faultb10_response_chan4, Mfr_faultb11_response_chan4 52 OPERATION Read only, always returns 0s. Channel 7 response. 0: The channel continues operation without interruption. 1: The channel shuts down if the corresponding FAULTBzn pin is still asserted after 10µs. When the FAULTBzn pin subsequently deasserts, the channel turns back on, honoring TON_DELAY and TON_RISE settings. Channel 6 response. 0: The channel continues operation without interruption. 1: The channel shuts down if the corresponding FAULTBzn pin is still asserted after 10µs. When the FAULTBzn pin subsequently deasserts, the channel turns back on, honoring TON_DELAY and TON_RISE settings. Channel 5 response. 0: The channel continues operation without interruption. 1: The channel shuts down if the corresponding FAULTBzn pin is still asserted after 10µs. When the FAULTBzn pin subsequently deasserts, the channel turns back on, honoring TON_DELAY and TON_RISE settings. Channel 4 response. 0: The channel continues operation without interruption. 1: The channel shuts down if the corresponding FAULTBzn pin is still asserted after 10µs. When the FAULTBzn pin subsequently deasserts, the channel turns back on, honoring TON_DELAY and TON_RISE settings. 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description MFR_VINEN_OV_FAULT_RESPONSE This command register determines whether VOUT overvoltage faults from a given channel cause the VIN_EN pin to be pulled low. MFR_VINEN_OV_FAULT_RESPONSE Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL b[7] Mfr_vinen_ov_fault_response_chan7 OPERATION Response to channel 7 VOUT_OV_FAULT. 1 = Disable (pull low) VIN_EN via fast pull-down. 0 = Do not disable VIN_EN. b[6] Mfr_vinen_ov_fault_response_chan6 Response to channel 6 VOUT_OV_FAULT. 1 = Disable (pull low) VIN_EN via fast pull-down. 0 = Do not disable VIN_EN. b[5] Mfr_vinen_ov_fault_response_chan5 Response to channel 5 VOUT_OV_FAULT. 1 = Disable (pull low) VIN_EN via fast pull-down. 0 = Do not disable VIN_EN. b[4] Mfr_vinen_ov_fault_response_chan4 Response to channel 4 VOUT_OV_FAULT. 1 = Disable (pull low) VIN_EN via fast pull-down. 0 = Do not disable VIN_EN. b[3] Mfr_vinen_ov_fault_response_chan3 Response to channel 3 VOUT_OV_FAULT. 1 = Disable (pull low) VIN_EN via fast pull-down. 0 = Do not disable VIN_EN. b[2] Mfr_vinen_ov_fault_response_chan2 Response to channel 2 VOUT_OV_FAULT. 1 = Disable (pull low) VIN_EN via fast pull-down. 0 = Do not disable VIN_EN. b[1] Mfr_vinen_ov_fault_response_chan1 Response to channel 1 VOUT_OV_FAULT. 1 = Disable (pull low) VIN_EN via fast pull-down. 0 = Do not disable VIN_EN. b[0] Mfr_vinen_ov_fault_response_chan0 Response to channel 0 VOUT_OV_FAULT. 1 = Disable (pull low) VIN_EN via fast pull-down. 0 = Do not disable VIN_EN. 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 53 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description MFR_VINEN_UV_FAULT_RESPONSE This command register determines whether VOUT undervoltage faults from a given channel cause the VIN_EN pin to be pulled low. MFR_VINEN_UV_FAULT_RESPONSE Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL b[7] Mfr_vinen_uv_fault_response_chan7 OPERATION Response to channel 7 VOUT_UV_FAULT. 1 = Disable (pull low) VIN_EN via fast pull-down. 0 = Do not disable VIN_EN. b[6] Mfr_vinen_uv_fault_response_chan6 Response to channel 6 VOUT_UV_FAULT. 1 = Disable (pull low) VIN_EN via fast pull-down. 0 = Do not disable VIN_EN. b[5] Mfr_vinen_uv_fault_response_chan5 Response to channel 5 VOUT_UV_FAULT. 1 = Disable (pull low) VIN_EN via fast pull-down. 0 = Do not disable VIN_EN. b[4] Mfr_vinen_uv_fault_response_chan4 Response to channel 4 VOUT_UV_FAULT. 1 = Disable (pull low) VIN_EN via fast pull-down. 0 = Do not disable VIN_EN. b[3] Mfr_vinen_uv_fault_response_chan3 Response to channel 3 VOUT_UV_FAULT. 1 = Disable (pull low) VIN_EN via fast pull-down. 0 = Do not disable VIN_EN. b[2] Mfr_vinen_uv_fault_response_chan2 Response to channel 2 VOUT_UV_FAULT. 1 = Disable (pull low) VIN_EN via fast pull-down. 0 = Do not disable VIN_EN. b[1] Mfr_vinen_uv_fault_response_chan1 Response to channel 1 VOUT_UV_FAULT. 1 = Disable (pull low) VIN_EN via fast pull-down. 0 = Do not disable VIN_EN. b[0] Mfr_vinen_uv_fault_response_chan0 Response to channel 0 VOUT_UV_FAULT. 1 = Disable (pull low) VIN_EN via fast pull-down. 0 = Do not disable VIN_EN. 54 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description MFR_RETRY_COUNT The MFR_RETRY_COUNT is a global command that sets the number of retries attempted when any channel faults off with its fault response retry field set to a non zero value. In the event of multiple or recurring retry faults on the same channel the total number of retries equals MFR_RETRY_ COUNT. If a channel has not been faulted off for 6 seconds, its retry counter is cleared. Toggling a channel’s CONTROL pin off then on or issuing OPERATION off then on commands will synchronously clear the retry count. Writing to MFR_RETRY_COUNT clears the retry count for all channels MFR_RETRY_COUNT Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[7:3] Reserved Always returns zero. b[2:0] Mfr_retry_count [2:0] 0: No retries: 1-6: Number of retries. 7: Infinite retries. MFR_RETRY_DELAY This command determines the retry interval when the LTC2977 is in retry mode in response to a fault condition. The read value of this command always returns what was last written and does not reflect internal limiting. MFR_RETRY_DELAY Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[15:0] Mfr_retry_delay The data uses the L11 format. This delay is counted using SHARE_CLK only. Delays are rounded to the nearest 200µs. Units: ms. Max delay is 13.1 sec. MFR_RESTART_DELAY This command sets the minimum off time of a CONTROL initiated restart. If the CONTROL pin is toggled off for at least 10µs then on, all dependent channels are disabled, held off for a time = Mfr_restart_delay, then sequenced back on. CONTROLn pin transitions whose OFF time exceeds Mfr_restart_delay are not affected by this command. A value of all zeros disables this feature. The read value of this command always returns what was last written and does not reflect internal limiting. MFR_RESTART_DELAY Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[15:0] Mfr_restart_delay The data uses the L11 format. This delay is counted using SHARE_CLK only. Delays are rounded to the nearest 200µs. Units: ms. Max delay is 13.1 sec. 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 55 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description MFR_VOUT_PEAK This command returns the maximum ADC measured value of the channel’s output voltage. This command is not supported for odd channels that are configured to measure current. This register is reset to 0xF800 (0.0) when the LTC2977 emerges from power-on reset or when a CLEAR_FAULTS command is executed. MFR_VOUT_PEAK Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[15:0] Mfr_vout_peak[15:0] The data uses the L16 format. Units: V. MFR_VIN_PEAK This command returns the maximum ADC measured value of the input voltage. This register is reset to 0x7C00 (–225) when the LTC2977 emerges from power-on reset or when a CLEAR_FAULTS command is executed. MFR_VIN_PEAK Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[15:0] Mfr_vin_peak[15:0] The data uses the L11 format. Units: V MFR_TEMPERATURE_PEAK This command returns the maximum ADC measured value of junction temperature in °C as determined by the LTC2977’s internal temperature sensor. This register is reset to 0x7C00 (–225) when the LTC2977 emerges from power-on reset or when a CLEAR_FAULTS command is executed. MFR_TEMPERATURE_PEAK Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[15:0] Mfr_temperature_peak[15:0] The data uses the L11 format. Units: °C. 56 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description MFR_DAC This command register allows the user to directly program the 10-bit DAC. Manual DAC writes require the channel to be in the ON state,TON_RISE to have expired and MFR_CONFIG_LTC2977 b[5:4] = 10b or 11b. Writing MFR_ CONFIG_LTC2977 b[5:4] = 10b commands the DAC to hard-connect with the value in Mfr_dac_direct_val. Writing b[5:4] = 11b commands the DAC to soft-connect. Once the DAC has soft-connected, Mfr_dac_direct_val returns the value that allowed the DAC to be connected without perturbing the power supply. MFR_DAC writes are ignored when MFR_CONFIG_LTC2977 b[5:4] = 00b or 01b. MFR_DAC Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL b[15:10] Reserved b[9:0] OPERATION Read only, always returns 0. Mfr_dac_direct_val DAC code value. MFR_POWERGOOD_ASSERTION_DELAY This command register allows the user to program the delay from when the internal power good signal becomes valid until the power good output is asserted. This delay is counted using SHARE_CLK if available, otherwise the internal oscillator is used. This delay is internally limited to 13.1 seconds, and rounded to the nearest 200µs. The read value of this command always returns what was last written and does not reflect internal limiting. The power good de-assertion delay and threshold source is controlled by Mfr_config_all_pwrgd_off_uses_uv. Systems that require a fast power good de-assertion should set Mfr_config_all_pwrgd_off_uses_uv=1. This uses the VOUT_UV_FAULT_LIMIT and the high speed comparator to de-assert the PWRGD pin. Systems that require a separate power good off threshold should set Mfr_config_all_pwrgd_off_uses_uv=0. This uses the slower ADC polling loop and POWER_GOOD_OFF to de-assert the PWRGD pin. MFR_POWERGOOD_ASSERTION_DELAY Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[15:0] Mfr_powergood_assertion_delay The data uses the L11 format. This delay is counted using SHARE_CLK if available, otherwise the internal oscillator is used. Delays are rounded to the nearest 200µs. Units: ms. Max delay is 13.1 sec. 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 57 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description MFR_PADS The MFR_PADS command provides read only access to slow frequency digital pads (pins). The input values presented in bits[9:0] are before any deglitching logic. MFR_PADS Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL b[15] Mfr_pads_pwrgd_drive OPERATION 0 = PWRGD pad is being driven low by this chip b[14] 1 = PWRGD pad is not being driven low by this chip 0 = ALERTB pad is being driven low by this chip Mfr_pads_alertb_drive 1 = ALERTB pad is not being driven low by this chip b[13:10] Mfr_pads_faultb_drive[3:0] Bit[3] used for FAULTB00 pad, bit[2] used for FAULTB01 pad, bit[1] used for FAULTB10 pad, bit[0] used for FAULTB11 pad as follows: 0 = FAULTBzn pad is being driven low by this chip b[9:8] Mfr_pads_asel1[1:0] 1 = FAULTBzn pad is not being driven low by this chip 11: Logic high detected on ASEL1 input pad 10: ASEL1 input pad is floating 01: Reserved b[7:6] Mfr_pads_asel0[1:0] 00: Logic low detected on ASEL1 input pad 11: Logic high detected on ASEL0 input pad 10: ASEL0 input pad is floating 01: Reserved b[5] Mfr_pads_control1 00: Logic low detected on ASEL0 input pad 1: Logic high detected on CONTROL1 pad b[4] Mfr_pads_control0 0: Logic low detected on CONTROL1 pad 1: Logic high detected on CONTROL0 pad b[3:0] Mfr_pads_faultb[3:0] 0: Logic low detected on CONTROL0 pad Bit[3] used for FAULTB00 pad, bit[2] used for FAULTB01 pad, bit[1] used for FAULTB10 pad, bit[0] used for FAULTB11 pad as follows: 1: Logic high detected on FAULTBzn pad 0: Logic low detected on FAULTBzn pad 58 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description MFR_SPECIAL_ID This register contains the manufacturer ID for the LTC2977. MFR_SPECIAL_ID Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[15:0] Mfr_special_id Read only, always returns 0x0130 MFR_SPECIAL_LOT These paged registers contain information that identifies the user configuration that was programmed at the factory. Contact the factory to request a custom factory programmed user configuration and special lot number. MFR_SPECIAL_LOT Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[7:0] Mfr_special_lot Contains the LTC default special lot number. Contact the factory to request a custom factory programmed user configuration and special lot number. MFR_VOUT_DISCHARGE_THRESHOLD This register contains the coefficient that multiplies VOUT_COMMAND in order to determine the OFF threshold voltage for the associated output. If the output voltage has not decayed below MFR_VOUT_DISCHARGE_ THRESHOLD • VOUT_COMMAND prior to the channel being commanded to enter/re-enter the ON state, the Status_ mfr_discharge bit in the STATUS_MFR_SPECIFIC register will be set and the ALERTB pin will be asserted low. In addition, the channel will not enter the ON state until the output has decayed below its OFF threshold voltage. Setting this to a value greater than 1.0 effectively disables DISCHARGE_THRESHOLD checking, allowing the channel to turn back on even if it has not decayed at all. Other channels can be held off if a particular output has failed to discharge by using the bidirectional FAULTBzn pins (refer to the MFR_FAULTBzn_RESPONSE and MFR_FAULTBzn_PROPAGATE registers). MFR_VOUT_DISCHARGE_THRESHOLD Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[15:0] Mfr_vout_discharge_ threshold The data uses the L11 format. Units: Dimensionless, this register contains a coefficient. 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 59 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description MFR_COMMON This command returns status information for the alert pin (ALERTB), share-clock pin (SHARE_CLK), write-protect pin (WP), and device busy state. This is the only command that may still be read when the device is busy processing an EEPROM or other command. It may be polled by the host to determine when the device is available to process a PMBus command. A busy device will always acknowledge its address but will NACK the command byte and set Status_byte_busy and Status_word_busy when it receives a command that it cannot immediately process. MFR_COMMON Data Contents BIT(S) b[7] SYMBOL OPERATION Mfr_common_alertb Returns alert status. 1: ALERTB is de-asserted high. 0: ALERTB is asserted low. b[6] Mfr_common_busyb Returns device busy status. 1: The device is available to process PMBus commands. 0: The device is busy and will NACK PMBus commands. b[5:2] Reserved Read only, always returns 1s b[1] Mfr_common_share_clk Returns status of share-clock pin 1: Share-clock pin is being held low 0: Share-clock pin is active b[0] Mfr_common_write_protect Returns status of write-protect pin 1: Write-protect pin is high 0: Write-protect pin is low USER_DATA_00, USER_DATA_01, USER_DATA_02, USER_DATA_03, USER_DATA_04, MFR_LTC_RESERVED_1 and MFR_LTC_RESERVED_2 These registers are provided as user scratchpad and additional manufacturer reserved locations. USER_DATA_00, USER_DATA_01, MFR_LTC_RESERVED_1 and MFR_LTC_RESERVED_2 are all reserved for manufacturer use. Such uses include manufacturer traceability information and LTpowerPlay features like the CRC calculation and storage for user EEPROM configurations. USER_DATA_02 is reserved for OEM use. These 2 bytes might be used for OEM traceability or revision information. USER_DATA_03 and USER_DATA_04 are available for user scratchpad use. These 18 bytes (1 unpaged word plus 8 paged words) might be used for traceability or revision information such as serial number, board model number, assembly location, or assembly date. All user and OEM scratchpad registers may be stored and recalled from EEPROM using the STORE_USER_ALL and RESTORE_USER_ALL commands. 60 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description MFR_VOUT_MIN This command returns the minimum ADC measured value of the channel’s output voltage. This register is reset to 0xFFFF (7.999) when the LTC2977 emerges from power-on reset or when a CLEAR_FAULTS command is executed. When odd channels are configured to measure current, this command is not supported. Updates are disabled when undervoltage detection is disabled, such as when Margin Low (Ignore Faults and Warnings) is enabled. MFR_VOUT_MIN Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[15:0] Mfr_vout_min The data uses the L16 format. Units: V. MFR_VIN_MIN This command returns the minimum ADC measured value of the input voltage. This register is reset to 0x7BFF (approximately 225) when the LTC2977 emerges from power-on reset or when a CLEAR_FAULTS command is executed. Updates are disabled when unit is off for insufficient input voltage. MFR_VIN_MIN Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[15:0] Mfr_vin_min The data uses the L11 format. Units: V. MFR_TEMPERATURE_MIN This command returns the minimum ADC measured value of junction temperature in °C as determined by the LTC2977’s internal temperature sensor. This register is reset to 0x7BFF (approximately 225) when the LTC2977 emerges from power-on reset or when a CLEAR_FAULTS command is executed. MFR_TEMPERATURE_MIN Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL b[15:0] Mfr_temperature_min The data uses the L11 format. OPERATION Units: °C. 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 61 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description MFR_STATUS_2 This command returns additional manufacturer specific fault and state information. Bits marked Sticky = Yes are set by the appropriate event and not cleared until the user issues a CLEAR_FAULTS command or turns the channel back on. Bits marked ALERT = Yes assert ALERTB low when they are set. Bits marked Channel = All are not paged. MFR_STATUS_2 Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL b[15:3] Reserved b[2] OPERATION STICKY ALERT CHANNEL Read only, always returns 0s. Mfr_status_2_short_cycle_fault 1: This channel was commanded on by user before it finished sequencing off. Yes Yes Current Page No No All Yes No Current Page 0: No short cycle fault has occurred for this channel. b[1] Mfr_status_2_vinen_drive 1: VIN_EN pad is being driven low by this chip. 0: VIN_EN pad is not being driven low by this chip. b[0] Mfr_status_2_vin_caused_off 1: This channel was turned off due to VIN_SNS dropping below the VIN_OFF threshold. 0: VIN_SNS has not caused this channel to turn off. Short cycle fault detection is used to prevent out-of-order on sequencing when the user issues an ON command too soon after an OFF command. If some channels are still finishing OFF delays when the early ON command is received, they might turn back on too late. This fault should be propagated to all channels in the sequence to ensure a clean ON sequence. When a channel detects a short cycle fault it sets Mfr_status_2_short_cycle_fault, Status_word_mfr, Status_word_high_byte, and pulls ALERTB low. It also faults off, and stays off until the user issues an OFF-THEN-ON sequence or resets the part. Fault retries are not supported for short cycle faults. Mfr_status_2_vinen_drive indicates the current status of this chip’s VIN_EN pad driver. It is not affected by CLEAR_ FAULTS commands, and no other status bits are affected when it is set. Mfr_status_2_vin_caused_off indicates that this channel was turned off because VIN_SNS dropped below the VIN_OFF threshold. Status_word_mfr and Status_word_high_byte are set at the same time, but ALERTB is not asserted. If VIN_SNS subsequently rises above VIN_ON, and this channel turns back on, Mfr_status_2_vin_caused_off will remain asserted to record the transient event regardless of the value of Mfr_config_all_vin_on_clr_faults_en. 62 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description MFR_TELEMETRY This read-only command enables efficient polling of telemetry data for all output channels via a single 49 byte block read. MFR_TELEMETRY Data Block Contents DATA BYTE* Status_word0[7:0] 0 Status_word0[15:8] 1 Status_vout0 2 Status_mfr0 3 Read_vout0[7:0] 4 Read_vout0[15:8] 5 Status_word1[7:0] 6 Status_word1[15:8] 7 Status_vout1 8 Status_mfr1 9 Read_vout1[7:0] 10 Read_vout1[15:8] 11 Status_word2[7:0] 12 Status_word2[15:8] 13 Status_vout2 14 Status_mfr2 15 Read_vout2[7:0] 16 Read_vout2[15:8] 17 Status_word3[7:0] 18 Status_word3[15:8] 19 Status_vout3 20 Status_mfr3 21 Read_vout3[7:0] 22 Read_vout3[15:8] 23 Status_word4[7:0] 24 Status_word4[15:8] 25 Status_vout4 26 Status_mfr4 27 Read_vout4[7:0] 28 Read_vout4[15:8] 29 Status_word5[7:0] 30 Status_word5[15:8] 31 Status_vout5 32 Status_mfr5 33 Read_vout5[7:0] 34 Read_vout5[15:8] 35 Status_word6[7:0] 36 Status_word6[15:8] 37 Status_vout6 38 Status_mfr6 39 Read_vout6[7:0] 40 Read_vout6[15:8] 41 Status_word7[7:0] 42 Status_word7[15:8] 43 Status_vout7 44 Status_mfr7 45 Read_vout7[7:0] 46 Read_vout7[15:8] 47 Reserved 48 *Note: PMBus data byte numbers start at 1 rather than 0. Status_word0[7:0] is the first byte returned after BYTE COUNT = Ox31 See block read protocol. 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 63 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description Watchdog Operation A non zero write to the MFR_WATCHDOG_T register will reset the watchdog timer. Low-to-high transitions on the WDI/RESETB pin also reset the watchdog timer. If the timer expires, ALERTB is asserted and the PWRGD output is optionally deasserted and then reasserted after MFR_PWRGD_ASSERTION_DELAY ms. Writing 0 to either the MFR_WATCH_DOG_T or MFR_WATCHDOG_T_FIRST registers will disable the timer. MFR_WATCHDOG_T_FIRST and MFR_WATCHDOG_T The MFR_WATCHDOG_T_FIRST register allows the user to program the duration of the first watchdog timer interval following assertion of the PWRGD pin, assuming the PWRGD signal reflects the status of the watchdog timer. If assertion of PWRGD is not conditioned by the watchdog timer’s status, then MFR_WATCHDOG_T_FIRST applies to the first timing interval after the timer is enabled. Writing a value of 0ms to the MFR_WATCHDOG_T_FIRST register disables the watchdog timer. The MFR_WATCHDOG_T register allows the user to program watchdog time intervals subsequent to the MFR_ WATCHDOG_T_FIRST timing interval. Writing a value of 0ms to the MFR_WATCHDOG_T register disables the watchdog timer. A non-zero write to MFR_WATCHDOG_T will reset the watchdog timer. The read value of both commands always returns what was last written and does not reflect internal limiting. MFR_WATCHDOG_T_POR and MFR_WATCHDOG_T Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[15:0] Mfr_watchdog_t_first The data uses the L11 format. Mfr_watchdog_t These timers operate on an internal clock. The Mfr_watchdog_t timer will align to SHARE_CLK if it is running. Delays are rounded to the nearest 10µs for _t and 1ms for _t_first. Writing a zero value for Y to the Mfr_watchdog_t or Mfr_watchdog_t_first registers will disable the watchdog timer. Units: ms. Max timeout is 0.6 sec for _t and 65 sec for _t_first 64 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description Bulk Programming the User EEPROM Space The MFR_EE_UNLOCK, MFR_EE_ERASE and MFR_EE_DATA commands provide a method for 3rd party EEPROM programming houses and end users to easily program the LTC2977 independent of any order dependencies or delays between PMBus commands. All data transfers are directly to and from the EEPROM and do not affect the volatile RAM space currently configuring the device. The first step is to program a master reference part with the desired configuration. MFR_EE_UNLOCK and MFR_EE_DATA are then used to read back all the data in User EEPROM space as sequential words. This information is stored to the master programming HEX file. Subsequent parts may be cloned to match the master part using MFR_EE_UNLOCK, MFR_EE_ERASE and MFR_EE_DATA to transfer data from the master HEX file. These commands operate directly on the EEPROM independent of the part configurations stored in RAM space. During EEPROM access the part will indicate that it is busy as described below. In order to support simple programming fixtures the bulk programming feature only uses PMBus word and byte commands. The MFR_EE_UNLOCK configures the appropriate access mode and resets an internal address pointer allowing a series of word commands to behave as a block read or write with the address pointer being incremented after each operation. PEC use is optional and is configured by the MFR_EE_UNLOCK operation. MFR_EE_UNLOCK The MFR_EE_UNLOCK command prevents accidental EEPROM access in normal operation and configures the required EEPROM bulk programming mode for bulk initialization, sequential writes, or reads. MFR_EE_UNLOCK augments the protection provided by write protect. Upon unlocking the part for the required operation, an internal address pointer is reset allowing a series of MFR_EE_DATA reads or writes to sequentially transfer data, similar to a block read or block write. The MFR_EE_UNLOCK command can clear or set PEC mode based on the desired level of error protection. An MFR_EE_UNLOCK sequence consists of writing two unlock codes using two byte-write commands. The following table documents the allowed sequences. Writing a non-supported sequence locks the part. Reading MFR_EE_UNLOCK returns the last byte written or zero if the part is locked. MFR_EE_UNLOCK Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[7:0] Mfr_ee_unlock[7:0] To unlock user EEPROM space for Mfr_ee_erase and Mfr_ee_data read or write operations with PEC allowed: Write 0x2b followed by 0xd4. To unlock user EEPROM space for Mfr_ee_erase and Mfr_ee_data read or write operations with PEC required: Write 0x2b followed by 0xd5. To unlock user and manufacturer EEPROM space for Mfr_ee_data read only operations with PEC allowed: Write 0x2b, followed by 0x91 followed by 0xe4. To unlock user and manufacturer EEPROM space for Mfr_ee_data read only operations with PEC required: Write 0x2b, followed by 0x91 followed by 0xe5. 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 65 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description MFR_EE_ERASE The MFR_EE_ERASE command is used to erase the entire contents of the user EEPROM space and configures this space to accept new program data. Writing values other than 0x2B will lock the part. Reads return the last value written. MFR_EE_ERASE Data contents BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[7:0] Mfr_ee_erase[7:0] To erase the user EEPROM space and configure to accept new data: 1) Use the appropriate Mfr_ee_unlock sequence to configure for Mfr_ee_erase commands with or without PEC. 2) Write 0x2B to Mfr_ee_erase. The part will indicate it is busy erasing the EEPROM by the mechanism detailed below. MFR_EE_DATA The MFR_EE_DATA command allows the user to transfer data directly to or from the EEPROM without affecting RAM space. To read the user EEPROM space issue the appropriate Mfr_ee_unlock command and perform Mfr_ee_data reads until the EEPROM has been completely read. Extra reads will lock the part and return zero. The first read returns the 16-bit EEPROM packing revision ID that is stored in ROM. The second read returns the number of 16-bit words available; this is the number of reads or writes to access all memory locations. Subsequent reads return EEPROM data starting with the lowest address. To write to the user EEPROM space issue, the appropriate Mfr_ee_unlock and Mfr_ee_erase commands followed by successive Mfr_ee_data word writes until the EEPROM is full. Extra writes will lock the part. The first write is to the lowest address. Mfr_ee_data reads and writes must not be mixed. MFR_EE_DATA Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL OPERATION b[7:0] Mfr_ee_data[7:0] To read user space 1) Use the appropriate Mfr_ee_unlock sequence to configure for Mfr_ee_data commands with or without PEC. 2) Read Mfr_ee_data[0] = PackingId (MFR Specific ID). 3) Read Mfr_ee_data[1] = NumberOfUserWords (total number of 16-bit word available). 4) Read Mfr_ee_data[2] through Mfr_ee_data[NumberOfUserWords+1] (User EEPROM data contents) To write user space 1) Initialize the user memory using the sequence described for the MFR_EE_ERASE command. 2) Use the appropriate Mfr_ee_unlock sequence to configure for Mfr_ee_data commands with or without PEC. 3) Write Mfr_ee_data[0] through Mfr_ee_data[NumberOfUserWords-1] (User EEPROM data content to be written) The part will indicate it is busy erasing the EEPROM by the mechanism detailed below. 66 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description Response When Part Is Busy The part will indicate it is busy accessing the EEPROM by the following mechanism: 1)Clearing Mfr_common_busyb of the MFR_COMMON register. This byte can always be read and will never NACK a byte read request even if the part is busy. 2)NACKing commands other than MFR_COMMON. MFR_EE Erase and Write Programming Time The program time per word is typically 0.17ms and will require spacing the I2C/SMBus writes at greater than 0.17ms to guarantee the write has completed. The Mfr_ee_erase command takes approximately 400ms. We recommend using MFR_COMMON for handshaking. Fault Log Operation A conceptual diagram of the fault log is shown in Figure 14. The fault log provides black box capability to the LTC2977. During normal operation the contents of the status registers, the output voltage readings, temperature readings as well as peak and min values of these quantities are stored in a continuously updated buffer in RAM. You can think of the operation as being similar to a strip chart recorder. When a fault occurs, the contents are written into EEPROM for nonvolatile storage. The EEPROM fault log is then locked. The part can be powered down with the fault log available for reading at a later time. MFR_FAULT_LOG_STORE This command allows the user to transfer data from the RAM buffer to EEPROM. MFR_FAULT_LOG_RESTORE This command allows the user to transfer a copy of the fault-log data from the EEPROM to the RAM buffer. After a restore the RAM buffer is locked until a successful MFR_FAULT_LOG read or MFR_FAULT_LOG_CLEAR. 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 67 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description MFR_FAULT_LOG_CLEAR This command initializes the EEPROM block reserved for fault logging. Any previous fault log stored in EEPROM will be erased by this operation and logging of the fault log RAM to EEPROM will be enabled. MFR_FAULT_LOG_STATUS Read only. This register is used to manage fault log events. Mfr_fault_log_status_eeprom is set after a MFR_FAULT_LOG_STORE command or a faulted-off event triggers a transfer of the fault log from RAM to EEPROM. This bit is cleared by a MFR_FAULT_LOG_CLEAR command. Mfr_fault_log_status_ram is set after a MFR_FAULT_LOG_RESTORE to indicate that the data in the RAM has been restored from EEPROM and not yet read using a MFR_FAULT_LOG command. This bit is cleared by a successful execution of an MFR_FAULT_LOG command, or by a successful execution of an MFR_FAULT_LOG_CLEAR command. MFR_FAULT_LOG_STATUS Data Contents BIT(S) SYMBOL b[1] Mfr_fault_log_status_ram OPERATION Fault log RAM status: 0: The fault log RAM allows updates. 1: The fault log RAM is locked until the next MFR_FAULT_LOG read. b[0] Mfr_fault_log_status_eeprom Fault log EEPROM status: 0: The transfer of the fault log RAM to the EEPROM is enabled. 1: The transfer of the fault log RAM to the EEPROM is inhibited. RAM 255 BYTES EEPROM 255 BYTES 8 TIME OF FAULT TRANSFER TO EEPROM AND LOCK ADC READINGS CONTINUOUSLY FILL BUFFER ... ... AFTER FAULT READ FROM EEPROM AND LOCK BUFFER 2977 F14 Figure 14. Fault Log Conceptual Diagram 68 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description MFR_FAULT_LOG Read only. This 2040-bit (255 byte) data block contains a copy of the RAM buffer fault log. The RAM buffer is continuously updated after each ADC conversion as long as Mfr_fault_log_status_ram is clear. With Mfr_config_all_fault_log_enable = 1 and Mfr_fault_log_status_eeprom = 0, the RAM buffer is transferred to EEPROM whenever an LTC2977 fault causes a channel to latch off or a MFR_FAULT_LOG_STORE command is received. This transfer is delayed until the ADC has updated its READ values for all channels when Mfr_config_all_fast_fault_log is clear, otherwise it happens within 24ms. This optional delay can be used to ensure that the slower, ADC monitored, values are all updated for the case where a fast supervisor detected fault initiates the transfer to EEPROM. Mfr_fault_log_status_eeprom is set high after the RAM buffer is transferred to EEPROM and not cleared until a MFR_FAULT_LOG_CLEAR is received, even if the LTC2977 is reset or powered down. Fault log EEPROM transfers are not initiated as a result of Status_mfr_discharge events. During a MFR_FAULT_LOG read, data is returned as defined by the following table. The fault log data is partitioned into two sections. The first section is referred to as the preamble and contains the Position-last pointer, time information and peak and minimum values. The second section contains a chronological record of telemetry and requires Positionlast for proper interpretation. The fault log stores approximately 0.5 seconds of telemetry. To prevent timeouts during block reads, it is recommended that Mfr_config_all_longer_pmbus_timeout be set to 1. 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 69 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description Table 2. Data Block Contents DATA Position_last[7:0] BYTE* 0 Cyclic_data_valid_count[7:0] 1 SharedTime[7:0] SharedTime[15:8] SharedTime[23:16] SharedTime[31:24] SharedTime[39:32] SharedTime[40] Mfr_vout_peak0[7:0] Mfr_vout_peak0[15:8] Mfr_vout_min0[7:0] Mfr_vout_min0[15:8] Mfr_vout_peak1[7:0] Mfr_vout_peak1[15:8] Mfr_vout_min1[7:0] Mfr_vout_min1[15:8] Mfr_vin_peak[7:0] Mfr_vin_peak[15:8] Mfr_vin_min[7:0] Mfr_vin_min[15:8] Mfr_vout_peak2[7:0] Mfr_vout_peak2[15:8] Mfr_vout_min2[7:0] Mfr_vout_min2[15:8] Mfr_vout_peak3[7:0] Mfr_vout_peak3[15:8] Mfr_vout_min3[7:0] Mfr_vout_min3[15:8] Mfr_temp_peak[7:0] Mfr_temp_peak[15:8] Mfr_ temp_min[7:0] Mfr_ temp_min[15:8] Mfr_vout_peak4[7:0] Mfr_vout_peak4[15:8] Mfr_vout_min4[7:0] Mfr_vout_min4[15:8] Mfr_vout_peak5[7:0] Mfr_vout_peak5[15:8] Mfr_vout_min5[7:0] Mfr_vout_min5[15:8] 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 70 DESCRIPTION Position of fault log pointer when fault occurred. Number of valid bytes of cyclic data. 0xFF indicates all cyclic data is valid. 41-bit share-clock counter value when fault occurred. Counter LSB is in 200µs increments. This counter is cleared at power-up or after the LTC2977 is reset Table 2. Data Block Contents DATA Mfr_vout_peak6[7:0] Mfr_vout_peak6[15:8] Mfr_vout_min6[7:0] Mfr_vout_min6[15:8] Mfr_vout_peak7[7:0] Mfr_vout_peak7[15:8] Mfr_vout_min7[7:0] Mfr_vout_min7[15:8] Status_vout0 Status_mfr0 Mfr_status_2_0[7:0] Status_vout1 Status_mfr1 Mfr_status_2_1[7:0] Status_vout2 Status_mfr2 Mfr_status_2_2[7:0] Status_vout3 Status_mfr3 Mfr_status_2_3[7:0] Status_vout4 Status_mfr4 Mfr_status_2_4[7:0] Status_vout5 Status_mfr5 Mfr_status_2_5[7:0] Status_vout6 Status_mfr6 Mfr_status_2_6[7:0] Status_vout7 Status_mfr7 Mfr_status_2_7[7:0] BYTE* 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 DESCRIPTION Reserved bits[15:8] not stored 72 bytes for preamble Fault_log [Position_last] 72 Start of cyclic data Fault_log 73 . . . Fault_log 237 Last Valid Byte Reserved 238-254 Number of cyclic data loops: (238-72)/46 = 3.6 *Note: PMBus data byte numbers start at 1 rather than 0. Position_last is the first byte returned after BYTE COUNT = 0xFF. See block read protocol. 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description The data returned between bytes 72 and 237 of the previous table is interpreted using Position_last and the following table. The key to identifying byte 72 is to locate the DATA corresponding to POSITION = Position_last in the next table. Subsequent bytes are identified by decrementing the value of POSITION. For example: If Position_last = 11 then the first data returned in byte position 72 of a block read is Read_vin[15:8] followed by Read_vin[7:0] followed by Mfr_status_2 of page 1. See Table 3. Table 3. Interpreting Cyclical Loop POSITION 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 DATA Read_vout0[7:0] Read_vout0[15:8] Status_vout0 Status_mfr0 Mfr_status_2_0[7:0] Read_vout1[7:0] Read_vout1[15:8] Status_vout1 Status_mfr1 Mfr_status_2_1[7:0] Read_vin[7:0] Read_vin[15:8] Status_vin Read_vout2[7:0] Read_vout2[15:8] Status_vout2 Status_mfr2 Mfr_status_2_2[7:0] Read_vout3[7:0] Read_vout3[15:8] Status_vout3 Status_mfr3 Mfr_status_2_3[7:0] Read_temperature_1[7:0] Read_temperature_1[15:8] Status_temp Read_vout4[7:0] Read_vout4[15:8] Status_vout4 Status_mfr4 Mfr_status_2_4[7:0] Read_vout5[7:0] Read_vout5[15:8] Status_vout5 Table 3. Interpreting Cyclical Loop POSITION 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 DATA Status_mfr5 Mfr_status_2_5[7:0] Read_vout6[7:0] Read_vout6[15:8] Status_vout6 Status_mfr6 Mfr_status_2_6[7:0] Read_vout7[7:0] Read_vout7[15:8] Status_vout7 Status_mfr7 Mfr_status_2_7[7:0] Total Bytes = 46 The following table fully decodes a sample fault log read to help clarify the cyclical nature of the operation. MFR_FAULT_LOG DATA BLOCK CONTENTS PREAMBLE INFORMATION BYTE BYTE NUMBER NUMBER DECIMAL HEX DATA DESCRIPTION 0 00 Position_last[7:0] = 11 Position of Fault‑Log Pointer When Fault Occurred. 1 01 Cyclic_data_valid_ count[7:0] = 160 Final 6 Bytes Of Cyclic Data Not Valid 2 02 SharedTime[7:0] 3 03 SharedTime[15:8] 4 04 SharedTime[23:16] 5 05 SharedTime[31:24] 6 06 SharedTime[39:32] 41-Bit ShareClock Counter Value When Fault Occurred. Counter LSB Is in 200µs Increments. 7 07 SharedTime[40] 8 08 Mfr_vout_peak0[7:0] 9 09 Mfr_vout_peak0[15:8] 10 0A Mfr_vout_min0[7:0] 11 0B Mfr_vout_min0[15:8] 12 0C Mfr_vout_peak1[7:0] 13 0D Mfr_vout_peak1[15:8] 14 0E Mfr_vout_min1[7:0] 15 0F Mfr_vout_min1[15:8] 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 71 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description BYTE BYTE NUMBER NUMBER DECIMAL HEX DATA DESCRIPTION BYTE BYTE NUMBER NUMBER DECIMAL HEX DATA 16 10 Mfr_vin_peak[7:0] 52 34 Status_mfr1 17 11 Mfr_vin_peak[15:8] 53 35 Mfr_status_2_1[7:0] 18 12 Mfr_vin_min[7:0] 54 36 Status_vout2 19 13 Mfr_vin_min[15:8] 55 37 Status_mfr2 20 14 Mfr_vout_peak2[7:0] 56 38 Mfr_status_2_2[7:0] 21 15 Mfr_vout_peak2[15:8] 57 39 Status_vout3 22 16 Mfr_vout_min2[7:0] 58 3A Status_mfr3 23 17 Mfr_vout_min2[15:8] 59 3B Mfr_status_2_3[7:0] 24 18 Mfr_vout_peak3[7:0] 60 3C Status_vout4 25 19 Mfr_vout_peak3[15:8] 61 3D Status_mfr4 26 1A Mfr_vout_min3[7:0] 62 3E Mfr_status_2_4[7:0] 27 1B Mfr_vout_min3[15:8] 63 3F Status_vout5 28 1C Mfr_temp_peak[7:0] 64 40 Status_mfr5 29 1D Mfr_temp_peak[15:8] 65 41 Mfr_status_2_5[7:0] 30 1E Mfr_ temp_min[7:0] 66 42 Status_vout6 31 1F Mfr_ temp_min[15:8] 67 43 Status_mfr6 32 20 Mfr_vout_peak4[7:0] 68 44 Mfr_status_2_6[7:0] 33 21 Mfr_vout_peak4[15:8] 69 45 Status_vout7 34 22 Mfr_vout_min4[7:0] 70 46 Status_mfr7 35 23 Mfr_vout_min4[15:8] 71 47 36 24 Mfr_vout_peak5[7:0] 37 25 Mfr_vout_peak5[15:8] 38 26 Mfr_vout_min5[7:0] 39 27 Mfr_vout_min5[15:8] 40 28 Mfr_vout_peak6[7:0] 72 41 29 Mfr_vout_peak6[15:8] 42 2A Mfr_vout_min6[7:0] 43 2B 44 2C 45 Mfr_status_2_7[7:0] End of Preamble CYCLICAL DATA LOOPS LOOP BYTE BYTE BYTE NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER DECIMAL HEX DECIMAL DATA LOOP 0 48 11 Read_vin[15:8] 73 49 10 Read_vin[7:0] 74 4A 9 Mfr_status_2_1[7:0] Mfr_vout_min6[15:8] 75 4B 8 Status_mfr1 Mfr_vout_peak7[7:0] 76 4C 7 Status_vout1 2D Mfr_vout_peak7[15:8] 77 4D 6 Read_vout1[15:8] 46 2E Mfr_vout_min7[7:0] 78 4E 5 Read_vout1[7:0] 47 2F Mfr_vout_min7[15:8] 79 4F 4 Mfr_status_2_0[7:0] 48 30 Status_vout0 80 50 3 Status_mfr0 49 31 Status_mfr0 81 51 2 Status_vout0 50 32 Mfr_status_2_0[7:0] 82 52 1 Read_vout0[15:8] 51 33 Status_vout1 83 53 0 Read_vout0[7:0] 72 DESCRIPTION 46 BYTES PER LOOP Position_last 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description LOOP BYTE BYTE BYTE NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER DECIMAL HEX DECIMAL DATA LOOP 1 46 BYTES PER LOOP LOOP BYTE BYTE BYTE NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER DECIMAL HEX DECIMAL DATA LOOP 1 84 54 45 Mfr_status_2_7[7:0] 119 77 10 Read_vin[7:0] 85 55 44 Status_mfr7 120 78 9 Mfr_status_2_1[7:0] 86 56 43 Status_vout7 121 79 8 Status_mfr1 87 57 42 Read_vout7[15:8] 122 7A 7 Status_vout1 88 58 41 Read_vout7[7:0] 123 7B 6 Read_vout1[15:8] 89 59 40 Mfr_status_2_6[7:0] 124 7C 5 Read_vout1[7:0] 90 5A 39 Status_mfr6 125 7D 4 Mfr_status_2_0[7:0] 91 5B 38 Status_vout6 126 7E 3 Status_mfr0 92 5C 37 Read_vout6[15:8] 127 7F 2 Status_vout0 93 5D 36 Read_vout6[7:0] 128 80 1 Read_vout0[15:8] 94 5E 35 Mfr_status_2_5[7:0] 129 81 0 Read_vout0[7:0] 95 5F 34 Status_mfr5 96 60 33 Status_vout5 97 61 32 Read_vout5[15:8] 98 62 31 Read_vout5[7:0] LOOP BYTE BYTE BYTE NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER DECIMAL HEX DECIMAL DATA LOOP 2 99 63 30 Mfr_status_2_4[7:0] 130 82 45 Mfr_status_2_7[7:0] 100 64 29 Status_mfr4 131 83 44 Status_mfr7 101 65 28 Status_vout4 132 84 43 Status_vout7 102 66 27 Read_vout4[15:8] 133 85 42 Read_vout7[15:8] 103 67 26 Read_vout4[7:0] 134 86 41 Read_vout7[7:0] 104 68 25 Status_temp 135 87 40 Mfr_status_2_6[7:0] 105 69 24 Read_ temperature_1[15:8] 136 88 39 Status_mfr6 137 89 38 Status_vout6 138 8A 37 Read_vout6[15:8] 139 8B 36 Read_vout6[7:0] 140 8C 35 Mfr_status_2_5[7:0] 141 8D 34 Status_mfr5 142 8E 33 Status_vout5 143 8F 32 Read_vout5[15:8] 144 90 31 Read_vout5[7:0] 145 91 30 Mfr_status_2_4[7:0] 146 92 29 Status_mfr4 147 93 28 Status_vout4 148 94 27 Read_vout4[15:8] 149 95 26 Read_vout4[7:0] 150 96 25 Status_temp 106 6A 23 Read_ temperature_1[7:0] 107 6B 22 Mfr_status_2_3[7:0] 108 6C 21 Status_mfr3 109 6D 20 Status_vout3 110 6E 19 Read_vout3[15:8] 111 6F 18 Read_vout3[7:0] 112 70 17 Mfr_status_2_2[7:0] 113 71 16 Status_mfr2 114 72 15 Status_vout2 115 73 14 Read_vout2[15:8] 116 74 13 Read_vout2[7:0] 117 75 12 Status_vin 118 76 11 Read_vin[15:8] 46 BYTES PER LOOP 46 BYTES PER LOOP 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 73 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description LOOP BYTE BYTE BYTE NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER DECIMAL HEX DECIMAL 151 152 97 98 24 23 DATA LOOP 2 46 BYTES PER LOOP LOOP BYTE BYTE BYTE NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER DECIMAL HEX DECIMAL DATA LOOP 3 Read_ temperature_1[15:8] 182 B6 39 Status_mfr6 Read_ temperature_1[7:0] 183 B7 38 Status_vout6 184 B8 37 Read_vout6[15:8] 185 B9 36 Read_vout6[7:0] 186 BA 35 Mfr_status_2_5[7:0] 187 BB 34 Status_mfr5 188 BC 33 Status_vout5 189 BD 32 Read_vout5[15:8] 190 BE 31 Read_vout5[7:0] 191 BF 30 Mfr_status_2_4[7:0] 192 C0 29 Status_mfr4 193 C1 28 Status_vout4 194 C2 27 Read_vout4[15:8] 195 C3 26 Read_vout4[7:0] 196 C4 25 Status_temp 197 C5 24 Read_ temperature_1[15:8] 198 C6 23 Read_ temperature_1[7:0] 153 99 22 Mfr_status_2_3[7:0] 154 9A 21 Status_mfr3 155 9B 20 Status_vout3 156 9C 19 Read_vout3[15:8] 157 9D 18 Read_vout3[7:0] 158 9E 17 Mfr_status_2_2[7:0] 159 9F 16 Status_mfr2 160 A0 15 Status_vout2 161 A1 14 Read_vout2[15:8] 162 A2 13 Read_vout2[7:0] 163 A3 12 Status_vin 164 A4 11 Read_vin[15:8] 165 A5 10 Read_vin[7:0] 166 A6 9 Mfr_status_2_1[7:0] 167 A7 8 Status_mfr1 168 A8 7 Status_vout1 199 C7 22 Mfr_status_2_3[7:0] 169 A9 6 Read_vout1[15:8] 200 C8 21 Status_mfr3 170 AA 5 Read_vout1[7:0] 201 C9 20 Status_vout3 171 AB 4 Mfr_status_2_0[7:0] 202 CA 19 Read_vout3[15:8] 172 AC 3 Status_mfr0 203 CB 18 Read_vout3[7:0] 173 AD 2 Status_vout0 204 CC 17 Mfr_status_2_2[7:0] 174 AE 1 Read_vout0[15:8] 205 CD 16 Status_mfr2 175 AF 0 Read_vout0[7:0] 206 CE 15 Status_vout2 207 CF 14 Read_vout2[15:8] 208 D0 13 Read_vout2[7:0] 209 D1 12 Status_vin 210 D2 11 Read_vin[15:8] D3 10 Read_vin[7:0] LOOP BYTE BYTE BYTE NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER DECIMAL HEX DECIMAL DATA LOOP 3 46 BYTES PER LOOP 176 B0 45 Mfr_status_2_7[7:0] 211 177 B1 44 Status_mfr7 212 D4 9 Mfr_status_2_1[7:0] 178 B2 43 Status_vout7 213 D5 8 Status_mfr1 D6 7 Status_vout1 179 B3 42 Read_vout7[15:8] 214 180 B4 41 Read_vout7[7:0] 215 D7 6 Read_vout1[15:8] Mfr_status_2_6[7:0] 216 D8 5 Read_vout1[7:0] 181 74 B5 40 46 BYTES PER LOOP 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 PMBus Command Description LOOP BYTE BYTE BYTE NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER DECIMAL HEX DECIMAL RESERVED BYTES DATA LOOP 3 217 D9 4 Mfr_status_2_0[7:0] 218 DA 3 Status_mfr0 219 DB 2 Status_vout0 220 DC 1 Read_vout0[15:8] 221 DD 0 Read_vout0[7:0] LOOP BYTE BYTE BYTE NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER DECIMAL HEX DECIMAL DATA LOOP 4 46 BYTES PER LOOP 46 BYTES PER LOOP 238 EE 0x00 239 EF 0x00 240 F0 0x00 241 F1 0x00 242 F2 0x00 243 F3 0x00 244 F4 0x00 245 F5 0x00 246 F6 0x00 247 F7 0x00 F8 0x00 222 DE 45 Mfr_status_2_7[7:0] 248 223 DF 44 Status_mfr7 249 F9 0x00 224 E0 43 Status_vout7 250 FA 0x00 225 E1 42 Read_vout7[15:8] 251 FB 0x00 226 E2 41 Read_vout7[7:0] 252 FC 0x00 227 E3 40 Mfr_status_2_6[7:0] 253 FD 0x00 228 E4 39 Status_mfr6 254 FE 0x00 229 E5 38 Status_vout6 230 E6 37 Read_vout6[15:8] 231 E7 36 Read_vout6[7:0] 232 E8 35 Mfr_status_2_5[7:0] Invalid data 233 E9 34 Status_mfr5 Invalid data 234 EA 33 Status_vout5 Invalid data 235 EB 32 Read_vout5[15:8] Invalid data 236 EC 31 Read_vout5[7:0] Invalid data 237 ED 30 Mfr_status_2_4[7:0] Invalid data Bytes EE - FE Return 0x00 But Must Be Read Use One Block Read Command to Read 255 Bytes Total, from 0x00 to 0xFE 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 75 LTC2977 Applications Information Overview The LTC2977 is a power management IC that is capable of sequencing, margining, trimming, supervising output voltage for OV/UV conditions, providing fault management, and voltage readback for eight DC/DC converters. Input voltage and LTC2977 junction temperature readback are also available. Odd numbered channels can be configured to read back sense resistor voltages to provide current measurements for those channels. Linear Technology Power System Managers can coordinate operation among multiple devices using common SHARE_CLK, FAULTB and CONTROL pins. The LTC2977 utilizes a PMBus compliant interface and command set. Powering the LTC2977 The LTC2977 can be powered two ways. The first method requires that a voltage between 4.5V and 15V be applied to the VPWR pin. See Figure 15. An internal linear regulator converts VPWR down to 3.3V which drives all of the internal circuitry of the LTC2977. 4.5V < VPWR < 15V 0.1µF 0.1µF VPWR VIN_SNS VDD33 VDD33 VDD25 LTC2977* 0.1µF GND 2977 F15 *SOME DETAILS OMITTED FOR CLARITY Figure 15. Powering LT2977 Directly from an Intermediate Bus Alternatively, power from an external 3.3V supply may be applied directly to the VDD33 pins 16 and 17 using a voltage between 3.13V and 3.47V. Tie VPWR to VDD33 pins. See Figure 16. All functionality is available when using this alternate power method. The higher voltages needed for the VOUT_EN[3:0] pins and bias for the VSENSE pins are charge-pumped from VDD33. Setting Command Register Values The command register settings described herein are intended as a reference and for the purpose of understanding the registers in a software development environment. In actual practice, the LTC2977 can be completely configured for standalone operation with the LTC USB to I2C/SMBus/ PMBus controller (DC1613) and software GUI using intuitive menu driven objects. Sequence, Servo, Margin and Restart Operations Command Units On or Off Three control parameters determine how a particular channel is turned on and off. The CONTROL pins, the OPERATION command and the value of the input voltage measured at the VIN_SNS pin (VIN). In all cases, VIN must exceed VIN_ON in order to enable the device to respond to the CONTROL pin or OPERATION command. When VIN drops below VIN_OFF an immediate OFF or sequence off after TOFF_DELAY of all channels will result (See Mfr_config_chan_mode). Refer to the OPERATION section in the data sheet for a detailed description of the ON_OFF_CONFIG command. Some examples of typical ON/OFF configurations are: EXTERNAL 3.3V 0.1µF 1.A DC/DC converter may be configured to turn on anytime VIN exceeds VIN_ON. VPWR VDD33 VDD33 2. A DC/DC converter may be configured to turn on only when it receives an OPERATION command. LTC2977* VDD25 0.1µF GND 2977 F16 *SOME DETAILS OMITTED FOR CLARITY Figure 16. Powering LTC2977 from External 3.3V Supply 76 3. A DC/DC converter may be configured to turn on only via the CONTROL pin. 4. A DC/DC converter may be configured to turn on only when it receives an OPERATION command and the CONTROL pin is asserted. 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION On Sequencing Servo Modes The TON_DELAY command sets the amount of time that a channel will wait following the start of an ON sequence before its VOUT_EN pin will enable a DC/DC converter. Once the DC/DC converter has been enabled, the TON_RISE value determines the time at which the device soft-connects the DAC and servos the DC/DC converter output to the VOUT_COMMAND value. The TON_MAX_FAULT_LIMIT value determines the time at which the device checks for an undervoltage condition. If a TON_MAX_FAULT occurs, the channel can be configured to disable the DC/ DC converter and propagate the fault to other channels using the bidirectional FAULTB pins. Note that overvoltage faults are checked against the VOUT_OV_FAULT_LIMIT at all times the device is powered up and not in a reset state nor margining while ignoring OVs. Figure 17 shows a typical on-sequence using the CONTROL pin. The ADC, DAC and internal processor comprise a digital servo loop that can be configured to operate in several useful modes. The servo target refers to the desired output voltage. On State Operation Once a channel has reached the ON state, the OPERATION command can be used to command the DC/DC converter’s output to margin high, margin low, or return to a nominal output voltage indicated by VOUT_COMMAND. The user also has the option of configuring a channel to continuously trim the output of the DC/DC converter to the VOUT_COMMAND voltage, or the channel’s VDACPn output can be placed in a high impedance state thus allowing the DC/DC converter output voltage to go to its nominal value, VDCn (NOM). Refer to the MFR_CONFIG_LTC2977 command for details on how to configure the output voltage servo. VCONTROL VOUT_EN VOUT_0V_FAULT_LIMIT DAC SOFT-CONNECTS AND BEGINS ADJUSTING OUTPUT VOUT_COMMAND VDC(NOM) VOUT_UV_FAULT_LIMIT VOUT 2977 F17 TON_DELAY Continuous/noncontinuous trim mode. MFR_CONFIG_ LTC2977 b[7]. In continuous trim mode, the servo will update the DAC in a closed loop fashion each time it takes a VOUT reading. The update rate is determined by the time it takes to step through the ADC MUX which is no more than tUPDATE_ADC. See Electrical Characteristics Table Note 4. In noncontinuous trim mode, the servo will drive the DAC until the ADC measures the output voltage desired and then stop updating the DAC. As part of continuous/noncontinuous trim mode, fast servo mode can be used to speed up large output transitions, such as margin commands, or ON events. To use, set Mfr_config_fast_servo_off=0. When enabled, fast servo is started by a change to the target voltage or a new softconnect. The DAC is ramped one lsb every tS_VDACP period until it is near the new target voltage, at which point slow servo mode is entered to avoid overshoot. Noncontinuous servo on warn mode. MFR_CONFIG_ LTC2977 b[7] = 0, b[6] = 1. When in noncontinuous mode, the LTC2977 will retrim (reservo) the output if the output drifts beyond the OV or UV warn limits. DAC Modes The DACs that drive the VDACn pins can operate in several useful modes. See MFR_CONFIG_LTC2977. • Soft-connect. Using the LTC patented soft-connect feature, the DAC output is driven to within 1 LSB of the voltage at the DC/DC’s feedback node before connecting, to avoid introducing transients on the output. This mode is used when servoing the output voltage. During start-up, the LTC2977 waits until TON_RISE has expired before connecting the DAC. This is the most common operating mode. • Disconnected. DAC output is high Z. TON_RISE TON_MAX_FAULT_LIMIT Figure 17. Typical On Sequence Using Control Pin 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 77 LTC2977 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION • DAC manual with soft-connect. Non servo mode. The DAC soft-connects to the feedback node. Soft-connect drives the DAC code to match the voltage at the feedback node. After connection, the DAC is moved by writing DAC codes to the MFR_DAC register. • DAC manual with hard-connect. Non servo mode. The DAC hard-connects to the feedback node using the current value in MFR_DAC. After connection, the DAC is moved by writing DAC codes to the MFR_DAC register. Margining The LTC2977 margins and trims the output of a DC/DC converter by forcing a voltage across an external resistor connected between the DAC output and the feedback node or the trim pin. Preset limits for margining are stored in the VOUT_MARGIN_HIGH/LOW registers. Margining is actuated by writing the appropriate bits to the OPERATION register. Margining requires the DAC to be connected. Margin requests that occur when the DAC is disconnected will be ignored. Automatic Restart Via MFR_RESTART_DELAY Command and CONTROLn pin An automatic restart sequence can be initiated by driving the CONTROL pin to the off state for >10μs then releasing it. The automatic restart disables all VOUT_EN pins that are mapped to a particular CONTROL pin for a time period = MFR_RESTART_DELAY and then starts all DC-DC Converters according to their respective TON_DELAYs. (See Figure 18). VOUT_ENn pins are mapped to one of the CONTROL pins by the MFR_CONFIG_LTC2977 command. This feature allows a host that is about to reset to restart the power in a controlled manner after it has recovered. CONTROL PIN BOUNCE VCONTROL VOUT_END 2977 F18 TOFF_DELAY0 MFR_RESTART_DELAY TON_DELAY0 Figure 18. Off Sequence with Automatic Restart Off Sequencing Fault Management An off sequence is initiated using the CONTROL pin or the OPERATION command. The TOFF_DELAY value determines the amount of time that elapses from the beginning of the off sequence until each channel’s VOUT_EN pin is pulled low, thus disabling its DC/DC converter. Output Overvoltage and Undervoltage Faults VOUT Off Threshold Voltage The MFR_VOUT_DISCHARGE_THRESHOLD command register allows the user to specify the OFF threshold that the output voltage must decay below before the channel can enter/re-enter the ON state. The OFF threshold voltage is specified by multiplying MFR_VOUT_DISCHARGE_ THRESHOLD and VOUT_COMMAND. In the event that an output voltage has not decayed below its OFF threshold before attempting to enter the ON state, the channel will continue to be held off, the appropriate bit is set in the STATUS_MFR_SPECIFIC register, and the ALERTB pin will be asserted low. When the output voltage has decayed below its OFF threshold, the channel can enter the ON state. 78 The high speed voltage supervisor OV and UV fault thresholds are configured using the VOUT_OV_FAULT_ LIMIT and VOUT_UV_FAULT_LIMIT commands, respectively. The VOUT_OV_FAULT_RESPONSE and VOUT_UV_FAULT_RESPONSE commands determine the responses to OV/UV faults. Fault responses can range from disabling the DC/DC converter immediately, waiting to see if the fault condition persists for some interval before disabling the DC/DC converter, or allowing the DC/DC converter to continue operating in spite of the fault. If a DC/ DC converter is disabled, the LTC2977 can be configured to retry one to six times, retry continuously without limitation, or latch-off. The retry interval is specified using the MFR_RETRY_DELAY command. Latched faults are reset by toggling the CONTROL pin, using the OPERATION command, or removing and reapplying the bias voltage to the VIN_SNS pin. All fault and warning conditions result in 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION the ALERTB pin being asserted low and the corresponding bits being set in the status registers. The CLEAR_FAULTS command resets the contents of the status registers and deasserts the ALERTB output. Output Overvoltage and Undervoltage Warnings OV and UV warning threshold voltages are processed by the LTC2977’s ADC. These thresholds are set by the VOUT_OV_ WARN_LIMIT and VOUT_UV_WARN_LIMIT commands respectively. If a warning occurs, the corresponding bits are set in the status registers and the ALERTB output is asserted low. Note that a warning will never cause a VOUT_EN output pin to disable a DC/DC converter. Configuring the VIN_EN Output The VIN_EN output may be used to disable the intermediate bus voltage in the event of an output OV or UV fault. Use the MFR_VINEN_OV_FAULT_RESPONSE and MFR_VINEN_UV_FAULT_RESPONSE registers to configure the VIN_EN pin to assert low in response to VOUT_OV/UV fault conditions. The VIN_EN output will stop RSENSE 0.007Ω VIN <15V pulling low when the LTC2977 is commanded to re-enter the ON state following a faulted-off condition. A charge-pumped 5µA pull-up to 12V is also available on the VIN_EN output. Refer to the MFR_CONFIG_ALL_LTC2977 register description in the PMBus COMMAND DESCRIPTION section for more information. Figure 19 shows an application circuit where the VIN_EN output is used to trigger an SCR crowbar on the intermediate bus in order to protect the DC/DC converter’s load from a catastrophic fault such as a stuck top gate. The stuck top gate causes an OV fault, which in turn causes the LTC2977 to pull VIN_EN low, thus deasserting the ON input to the LTC4210 hot-swap controller, which opens the switch Q1 that supplies the DC/DC converter input. In addition, when VIN_EN goes low it forces the MCR12DC SCR device into the on-state via the 2N2907 PNP, thus quickly dropping the voltage on the VIN input to the DC/DC converter, preventing the stuck top gate from damaging components supplied by this converter. Note that the VPWR input to the LTC2977 bypasses switch Q1, keeping the LTC2977 fully powered throughout the above sequence. Q1 Si4894BDY VIN CBYPASS VIN_SNS VPWR VCC GATE LTC4210-3 24.3k 10k SENSE ON TIMER GND 100Ω LTC2977* LOAD VFB VDACM0 0.01µF 0.22µF VSENSEM0 SGND VOUT_EN0 RUN/SS GND 10k 2N2907 4.99k DC/DC CONVERTER VSENSEP0 0.1µF 68Ω 0.01µF VOUT VDACP0 2977 F19 MCR12DC 220Ω 0.1µF BAT54 REFP VIN_EN REFM VDD33 VDD33 VDD25 GND 0.1µF *SOME DETAILS OMITTED FOR CLARITY ONLY ONE OF EIGHT CHANNELS SHOWN 0.1µF Figure 19. LTC2977 Application Circuit with Crowbar Protection on Intermediate Bus 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 79 LTC2977 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Mfr_faultb00_response, page = 0 Mfr_faultb01_response, page = 0 CHANNEL 0 EVENT PROCESSOR PAGE = 0 Mfr_faultb00_response, page = 1 Mfr_faultb01_response, page = 1 CHANNEL 1 EVENT PROCESSOR PAGE = 1 Mfr_faultb00_response, page = 2 Mfr_faultb01_response, page = 2 CHANNEL 2 EVENT PROCESSOR PAGE = 2 Mfr_faultb00_response, page = 3 Mfr_faultb01_response, page = 3 CHANNEL 3 EVENT PROCESSOR PAGE = 3 Mfr_faultbz0_propagate_ch0 FAULTED_OFF Mfr_faultbz1_propagate_ch0 FAULTB00 Mfr_faultbz0_propagate_ch1 FAULTED_OFF Mfr_faultbz1_propagate_ch1 Mfr_faultbz0_propagate_ch2 FAULTED_OFF FAULTB01 Mfr_faultbz1_propagate_ch2 Mfr_faultbz0_propagate_ch3 FAULTED_OFF Mfr_faultbz1_propagate_ch3 ZONE 0 ZONE 0 ZONE 1 ZONE 1 Mfr_faultb10_response, page = 4 Mfr_faultb11_response, page = 4 CHANNEL 4 EVENT PROCESSOR PAGE = 4 Mfr_faultb10_response, page = 5 Mfr_faultb11_response, page = 5 CHANNEL 5 EVENT PROCESSOR PAGE = 5 Mfr_faultb10_response, page = 6 Mfr_faultb11_response, page = 6 CHANNEL 6 EVENT PROCESSOR PAGE = 6 Mfr_faultb10_response, page = 7 Mfr_faultb11_response, page = 7 CHANNEL 7 EVENT PROCESSOR PAGE = 7 Mfr_faultbz0_propagate_ch4 FAULTED_OFF Mfr_faultbz1_propagate_ch4 FAULTB10 Mfr_faultbz0_propagate_ch5 FAULTED_OFF Mfr_faultbz1_propagate_ch5 Mfr_faultbz0_propagate_ch6 FAULTED_OFF FAULTB11 Mfr_faultbz1_propagate_ch6 Mfr_faultbz0_propagate_ch7 FAULTED_OFF Mfr_faultbz1_propagate_ch7 2977 F20 Figure 20. Channel Fault Management Block Diagram 80 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Multichannel Fault Management Multichannel fault management is handled using the bidirectional FAULTBzn pins. The “z” designates the fault zone which is either 0 or 1. There are two fault zones in the LTC2977. Each zone contains 4-channels. Figure 20 illustrates the connections between channels and the FAULTBzn pins. • A FAULTBzn pin can also be asserted low by an external driver in order to initiate an off-sequence after a 10µs deglitch delay. Interconnect Between Multiple LTC2977’s Figure 21 shows how to interconnect the pins in a typical multi-LTC2977 array. • The MFR_FAULTBz0_PROPAGATE command acts like a programmable switch that allows faulted-off conditions from a particular channel (PAGE) to propagate to either FAULTBzn output in that channel’s zone. The MFR_FAULTBzn_RESPONSE command controls similar switches on the inputs to each channel that allow any channel to shut down in response to any combination of the FAULTBzn pins within a zone. Channels responding to a FAULTBzn pin pulling low will attempt a new start sequence when the FAULTBzn pin in question is released by the faulted channel. • All VIN_SNS lines should be tied together in a star type connection at the point where VIN is to be sensed. This will minimize timing errors for the case where the ON_OFF_CONFIG is configured to start the LTC2977 based on VIN and ignore the CONTROL line and the OPERATION command. In multi-part applications that are sensitive to timing differences, it is recommended that the Vin_share_enable bit of the MFR_CONFIG_ ALL_LTC2977 register be set high in order to allow SHARE_CLK to synchronize on/off sequencing in response to the VIN_ON and VIN_OFF thresholds. • To establish dependencies across fault zones, tie the fault pins together, e.g., FAULTB01 to FAULTB10. Any channel can depend on any other. To disable all channels in response to any channel faulting off, short all the FAULTBzn pins together, and set MFR_FAULTBzn_ PROPAGATE = 0x01 and MFR_FAULTBzn_RESPONSE = 0x0F for all channels. • Connecting all VIN_EN lines together will allow selected faults on any DC/DC converter’s output in the array to shut off a common input switch. • ALERTB is typically one line in an array of PMBus converters. The LTC2977 allows a rich combination of faults and warnings to be propagated to the ALERTB pin. TO VIN OF DC/DCs TO HOST CONTROLLER TO INPUT SWITCH LTC2977 N-1 VIN_SNS VIN_EN LTC2977 N VIN_SNS VIN_EN SDA SCL ALERTB CONTROL0 CONTROL1 WDI/RESETB FAULTB00 FAULTB01 FAULTB10 FAULTB11 SHARE_CLK PWRGD GND SDA SCL ALERTB CONTROL0 CONTROL1 WDI/RESETB FAULTB00 FAULTB01 FAULTB10 FAULTB11 SHARE_CLK PWRGD GND TO OTHER LTC2977s–10k EQUIV PULL-UP RECOMMENDED ON EACH LINE EXCEPT SHARE_CLK (USE 5.49k) 2977 F21 Figure 21. Typical Connections Between Multiple LTC2977s 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 81 LTC2977 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Application Circuits • WDI/RESETB can be used to put the LTC2977 in the power-on reset state. Pull WDI/RESETB low for at least tRESETB to enter this state. Trimming and Margining DC/DC Converters with External Feedback Resistors • The FAULTBzn lines can be connected together to create fault dependencies. Figure 21 shows a configuration where a fault on any FAULTBzn will pull all others low. This is useful for arrays where it is desired to abort a start-up sequence in the event any channel does not come up (see Figure 22). Figure 23 shows a typical application circuit for trimming/ margining a power supply with an external feedback network. The VSENSEP0 and VSENSEM0 differential inputs sense the load voltage directly, and a correction voltage is developed between the VDACP0 and VDACM0 pins by the closed-loop servo algorithm. VDACM0 is Kelvin connected to the point-of-load GND in order to minimize the effects of load induced grounding errors. The VDACP0 output is connected to the DC/DC converter’s feedback node through resistor R30. For this configuration, set Mfr_config_dac_pol to 0. • PWRGD reflects the status of the outputs that are mapped to it by the MFR_PWRGD_EN command. Figure 20 shows all the PWRGD pins connected together, but any combination may be used. VCONTROLn VOUT0 TON_DELAY0 VOUT1 TON_DELAY1 VOUT2 TON_DELAY2 • • • VOUTn • • • TON_DELAYn BUSSED VFAULTBzn PINS 2977 F22 TON_MAX_FAULT1 Figure 22. Aborted On Sequence Due to Channel 1 Short VIN 4.5V < VIBUS < 15V 0.1µF 0.1µF VIN VPWR VIN_SNS VOUT VDACP0 VDD33 VDD33 VDD25 R30 VSENSEP0 LTC2977* DC/DC CONVERTER VFB LOAD VDACM0 0.1µF R20 R10 VSENSEM0 SGND VOUT_EN0 RUN/SS GND 2977 F23 GND *SOME DETAILS OMITTED FOR CLARITY ONLY ONE OF EIGHT CHANNELS SHOWN Figure 23. Application Circuit for DC/DC Converters with External Feedback Resistors 82 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Four-Step Resistor Selection Procedure for DC/DC Converters with External Feedback Resistors The following four-step procedure should be used to calculate the resistor values required for the application circuit shown in Figure 23. 1. Assume values for feedback resistor R20 and the nominal DC/DC converter output voltage VDC(NOM), and solve for R10. VDC(NOM) is the output voltage of the DC/DC converter when the LTC2977’s VDACP0 pin is in a high impedance state. R10 is a function of R20, VDC(NOM), the voltage at the feedback node (VFB) when the loop is in regulation, and the feedback node’s input current (IFB). R20 • VFB R10 = VDC(NOM) –IFB • R20 – VFB (1) 2. Solve for the value of R30 that yields the maximum required DC/DC converter output voltage VDC(MAX). When VDACP0 is at 0V, the output of the DC/DC converter is at its maximum voltage. R30 ≤ R20 • VFB VDC(MAX) – VDC(NOM) The DAC has two full-scale settings, 1.38V and 2.65V. In order to select the appropriate full-scale setting, calculate the minimum required VDACP0(F/S) output voltage: ( ) VDACP0(F/S) > VDC(NOM) – VDC(MIN) • R30 + VFB (3) R20 4. Recalculate the minimum, nominal, and maximum DC/ DC converter output voltages and the resulting margining resolution. ⎛ R20 ⎞ VDC(NOM) = VFB • ⎜ 1+ + I • R20 ⎝ R10 ⎟⎠ FB R20 • VDACP0(F/S) – VFB R30 R20 VDC(MAX) = VDC(NOM) + • VFB R30 R20 • VDACP0(F/S) R30 VRES = V/DAC LSB 1024 VDC(MIN) = VDC(NOM) – ( (4) ) (5) (6) (7) (2) 3. Solve for the minimum value of VDACP0 that is needed to yield the minimum required DC/DC converter output voltage VDC(MIN). 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 83 LTC2977 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Trimming and Margining DC/DC Converters with a TRIM Pin Figure 24 illustrates a typical application circuit for trimming/margining the output voltage of a DC/DC converter with a TRIM Pin. The LTC2977’s VDACP0 pin connects to the TRIM pin through resistor R30, and the VDACM0 pin is connected to the converter’s point-of-load ground. For this configuration, set the DAC polarity bit Mfr_config_ dac_pol in MFR_CONFIG_LTC2977 to 1. DC/DC converters with a TRIM pin may be margined high or low by connecting an external resistor between the TRIM pin and either the VSENSEP or VSENSEM pin. The relationships between these resistors and the ∆% change in the output voltage of the DC/DC converter are typically expressed as: RTRIM_DOWN = RTRIM • 50 – RTRIM ΔDOWN % (8) The following two-step procedure should be used to calculate the resistor value for R30 and the required full-scale DAC voltage (refer to Figure 24). 1. Solve for R30: 50 – Δ DOWN % R30 ≤ RTRIM • ΔDOWN % 2. Calculate the maximum required output voltage for VDACP0: Δ % VDACP0 ≥ 1+ UP • V ΔDOWN % REF Odd numbered ADC channels may be used to measure supply current. Set the ADC to high resolution mode to configure for current measuring and improve sensitivity. Note that no OV or UV faults or warnings are reported in this mode, but telemetry is available from the READ_VOUT command using the 11-bit signed mantissa plus 5-bit signed exponent L11 data format. Set the MFR_CONFIG_ VIN 4.5V < VIBUS < 15V 0.1µF (11) Measuring Current (9) where RTRIM is the resistance looking into the TRIM pin, VREF is the TRIM pin’s open-circuit output voltage and VDC is the DC/DC converter’s nominal output voltage. ∆UP% and ∆DOWN% denote the percentage change in the converter’s output voltage when margining up or down, respectively. 0.1µF (10) Note: Not all DC/DC’s converters follow these trim equations especially newer bricks. Consult LTC Field Application Engineering. RTRIM_UP = V • (100 + Δ %) 50 DC UP RTRIM • – – 1 2 • VREF • ΔUP % ΔUP % Two-Step Resistor and DAC Full-Scale Voltage Selection Procedure for DC/DC Converters with a TRIM Pin VIN VPWR VIN_SNS VDD33 VSENSEP0 R30 VDACP0 VDD33 VDD25 LTC2977* TRIM VSENSE+ LOAD VDACM0 0.1µF VOUT+ DC/DC CONVERTER VSENSEM0 VSENSE– VOUT_EN0 ON/OFFB GND GND 2977 F24 *SOME DETAILS OMITTED FOR CLARITY ONLY ONE OF EIGHT CHANNELS SHOWN Figure 24. Application Circuit for DC/DC Converters with Trim Pin 84 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION LTC2977 bit b[9] = 1 in order to enable high res mode. The VOUT_EN pin will assert low in this mode and cannot be used to control a DC/DC converter. The VDACP output pin is also unavailable. Measuring Current with a Sense Resistor A circuit for measuring current with a sense resistor is shown in Figure 25. The balanced filter rejects both common mode and differential mode noise from the output of the DC/DC converter. The filter is placed directly across the sense resistor in series with the DC/DC converter’s inductor. Note that the current sense inputs must be limited to less than 6V with respect to ground. Select RCM and CCM such that the filter’s corner frequency is < 1/10 the DC/DC converter’s switching frequency. This will result in a current sense waveform that offers a good compromise between the voltage ripple and the delay through the filter. A value 1kΩ for RCM is suggested in order to minimize gain errors due to the current sense inputs’ internal resistance. Measuring Current with Inductor DCR Figure 26 shows the circuit for applications that require DCR current sense. A second order RC filter is required in these applications in order to minimize the ripple voltRCM CCM RCM L RSNS CCM VSENSEP1 LTC2977 VSENSEM1 2977 F25 LOAD CURRENT RCM2 CCM1 CCM2 RCM2 CCM2 VSENSEP1 LTC2977 VSENSEM1 2977 F26 RCM1 SWX0 RCM1 L Single Phase Design Example As a design example for a DCR current sense application, assume L = 2.2μH, DCR = 10mΩ, and FSW = 500kHz. Let RCM1 = 1kΩ and solve for CCM1: CCM1 ≥ 2.2µH = 220nF 10mΩ • 1kΩ Let RCM2 = 1kΩ. In order to get a second pole at FSW/10 = 50kHz: CCM2 ≅ 1 = 3.18nF 2π • 50kHz • 1kΩ Let CCM2 = 3.3nF. Note that since CCM2 is much less than CCM1 the loading effects of the second stage filter on the matched first stage are not significant. Consequently, the delay time constant through the filter for the current sense waveform will be approximately 3μs. Measuring Multiphase Currents Figure 25. Sense Resistor Current Sensing Circuits CCM1 age seen at the current sense inputs. A value of 1kΩ is suggested for RCM1 and RCM2 in order to minimize gain errors due the current sense inputs’ internal resistance. CCM1 should be selected to provide cancellation of the zero created by the DCR and inductance, i.e. CCM1 = L/(DCR • RCM1). CCM2 should be selected to provide a second stage corner frequency at < 1/10 of the DC/DC converter’s switching frequency. In addition, CCM2 needs to be much smaller than CCM1 in order to prevent significant loading of the filter’s first stage. DCR Figure 26. Inductor DCR Current Sensing Circuits For current sense applications with more than one phase, RC averaging may be employed. Figure 27 shows an example of this approach for a 3-phase system with DCR current sensing. The current sense waveforms are averaged together prior to being applied to the second stage of the filter consisting of RCM2 and CCM2. Because the RCM1 resistors for the three phases are in parallel, the value of RCM1 must be multiplied by the number of phases. Also note that since the DCRs are effectively in parallel, the value for IOUT_CAL_GAIN will be equal to the inductor’s 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 85 LTC2977 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION SWX1 RCM1 RCM1 RCM1 L RCM2 CCM1 CCM2 VSENSEP1 LTC2977 DCR VSENSEM1 RCM1/3 DCR DCR L 2977 F27 RCM2 CCM1 CCM2 L TO LOAD SWX2 SWX3 Figure 27. Multiphase DCR Current Sensing Circuits DCR divided by the number of phases. Care should to be taken in the layout of the multiphase inductors to keep the PCB trace resistance from the DC side of each inductor to the summing node balanced in order to provide the most accurate results. Multiphase Design Example Using the same values for inductance and DCR from the previous design example, the value for RCM1 will be 3kΩ for a three phase DC/DC converter if CCM1 is left at 220nF. Similarly, the value for IOUT_CAL_GAIN will be DCR/3 = 3.33mΩ. Anti-aliasing Filter Considerations Noisy environments require an anti-aliasing filter on the input to the LTC2977’s ADC. The R-C circuit shown in Figure 28 is adequate for most situations. Keep R40 = R50 ≤ 200Ω to minimize ADC gain errors, and select a value for capacitors C10 and C20 that does not add too much additional response time to the OV/UV supervisor, e.g. τ ≅ 10µs (R = 100Ω, C = 0.10µF). VIN 4.5V < VIBUS < 15V 0.1µF 0.1µF VIN VPWR VIN_SNS VOUT VDACP0 VDD33 VDD33 VDD25 VSENSEP0 LTC2977* VSENSEM0 0.1µF C10 R40 C20 R50 R30 R20 VFB LOAD R10 VDACM0 SGND VOUT_EN0 GND DC/DC CONVERTER *SOME DETAILS OMITTED FOR CLARITY ONLY ONE OF EIGHT CHANNELS SHOWN RUN/SS GND 2977 F28 Figure 28. Antialiasing Filter on VSENSE Lines 86 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Sensing Negative Voltages ming, telemetry and system debug. The controller, when used in conjunction with LTpowerPlay software, provides a powerful way to debug an entire power system. Failures are quickly diagnosed using telemetry, fault status registers and the fault log. The final configuration can be quickly developed and stored to the LTC2977’s EEPROM. Figure 29 shows the LTC2977 sensing a negative power supply (VEE). The R1/R2 resistor divider translates the negative supply voltage to the LTC2977s VSENSEM1 input while the VSENSEP1 input is tied to the REFP pin which has a typical output voltage of 1.23V. The voltage divider should be configured in order to present about 0.5V to the voltage sense inputs when the negative supply reaches its POWER_GOOD_ON threshold so that the current flowing out of the VSENSEMn pin is minimized to ~1µA. The relationship between the POWER_GOOD_ON register value and the corresponding negative supply value can be expressed as: Figures 30 and 31 illustrate application schematics for powering, programming and communicating with one or more LTC2977’s via the DC1613 I2C/SMBus/PMBus controller regardless of whether or not system power is present. Figure 30 shows the recommended schematic to use when the LTC2977 is powered by the system intermediate bus through its VPWR pin. R2 VEE = VREFP – (READ_VOUT) • + 1 – 1µA • R2 R1 Figure 31 shows the recommended schematic to use when the LTC2977 is powered by the system 3.3V through its VDD33 and VPWR pins. The LTC4412 ideal OR’ing circuit allows either the controller or system to power the LTC2977. Where READ_VOUT returns VSENSEP – VSENSEM Because of the controller’s limited current sourcing capability, only the LTC2977s, their associated pull up resistors and the I2C/SMBus pull-up resistors should be powered from the ORed 3.3V supply. In addition, any device sharing I2C/SMBus bus connections with the LTC2977 should not Connecting the DC1613 USB to I2C/SMBus/PMBus Controller to the LTC2977 in System The DC1613 USB to I2C/SMBus/PMBus Controller can be interfaced to LTC2977s on the user’s board for program4.5V < VIBUS < 15V VIN_SNS VPWR LTC2977 REFP 1.23V TYP 0.1µF SDA PMBus INTERFACE SCL ALERTB CONTROL REFM VSENSEP1 1µA AT 0.5V 0.1µF R1 = 4.99k VSENSEM1 R2 = 120k WDI/RESETB VEE = –12V FAULTB SHARE_CLK ASEL0 PWRGD ASEL1 WP GND WDI/RESETB USE POWER_GOOD_ON = 0.5V FOR VEE POWER_GOOD = –11.414V ONLY ONE OF EIGHT CHANNELS SHOWN, SOME DETAILS OMITTED FOR CLARITY 2977 F29 Figure 29. Sensing Negative Voltages 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 87 LTC2977 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION REPEAT OUTLINED CIRCUIT FOR EVERY LTC2977 150k 4.5V TO 15V 49.9k VPWR 0.1µF ISOLATED 3.3V VDD33 Si1303 SCL LTC2977* VDD33 GND 0.1µF SDA VDD25 0.1µF TO DC1613 I2C/SMBUS/PMBUS CONTROLLER 10k 10k 5.49k SCL SDA SHARE_CLK WP TO/FROM OTHER LTC2977s GND 2977 F30 *PIN CONNECTIONS OMITTED FOR CLARITY Figure 30. DC1613 Controller Connections When VPWR Is Used TP0101K-SSOT23 SYSTEM 3.3V LTC4412 VIN IDEAL DIODE 0R’d 3.3V 10k 10k LTC2977_3.3V 5.49k VDD33 0.1µF VDD33 SENSE GND GATE CTL STAT VPWR 0.1µF VDD25 LTC2977* ISOLATED 3.3V SCL SCL GND SDA SHARE_CLK SDA WP TO DC1613 I2C/SMBUS/PMBUS CONTROLLER GND 2977 F31 TO/FROM OTHER LTC2977s *PIN CONNECTIONS OMITTED FOR CLARITY NOTE: DC1613 CONTROLLER I2C CONNECTIONS ARE OPTO-ISOLATED ISOLATED 3.3V FROM CONTROLLER CAN BE BACK DRIVEN AND WILL ONLY DRAW < 10µA ISOLATED 3.3V CURRENT LIMIT = 100mA Figure 31. DC1613 Controller Connections When LTC2977 Powered Directly from 3.3V 88 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION have body diodes between the SDA/SCL pins and its VDD node because this will interfere with bus communication in the absence of system power. The DC1613 controller’s I2C/SMBus connections are opto-isolated from the PC’s USB port. The 3.3V supply from the controller and the LTC2977’s VDD33 pin can be paralleled because the LTC LDOs that generate these voltages can be backdriven and draw <10μA. The controller’s 3.3V current limit is 100mA. Design Checklist I2C The LTC2977 must be configured for a unique address. n The address select pins (ASELn) are tri-level; See Table 1. n Check addresses for collision with other devices on the bus and any global addresses. n Output Enables Use appropriate pull-up resistors on all VOUT_ENn pins. n Verify that the absolute maximum ratings of the VOUT_ENn pins are not violated. n VIN Sense No external resistive divider is required to sense VIN; VIN_SNS already has an internal calibrated divider. n Logic Signals Verify the absolute maximum ratings of the digital pins (SCL, SDA, ALERTB, FAULTBzn, CONTROLn, SHARE_CLK, WDI, ASELn, PWRGD) are not violated. n Short all SHARE_CLK pins in the system together and pull up to 3.3V with a 5.49k resistor. n Do not leave CONTROLn pins floating. Pull up to 3.3V with a 10k resistor. n Floating Inputs Connect all unused VSENSEPn, VSENSEMn and DACMn pins to GND. n LTpowerPlay: An Interactive GUI for Power System Managers LTpowerPlay is a powerful Windows based development environment that supports Linear Technology Power System Manager ICs with EEPROM, including the LTC2977 8-channel PMBus Power System Manager. The software supports a variety of different tasks. You can use LTpowerPlay to evaluate Linear Technology ICs by connecting to a demo board system. LTpowerPlay can also be used in an offline mode (with no hardware present) in order to build a multi-chip configuration file that can be saved and reloaded at a later time. LTpowerPlay provides unprecedented diagnostic and debug features. It becomes a valuable diagnostic tool during board bring-up to program or tweak the power management scheme in a system or to diagnose power issues when bringing up rails. LTpowerPlay utilizes Linear Technology’s DC1613 USB-to-I2C/SMBus/PMBus Controller to communicate with one of many potential targets, including the DC2028 demo board set, the DC1508 socketed programming board, or a customer target system. The software also provides an automatic update feature to keep the software current with the latest set of device drivers and documentation. A great deal of context sensitive help is available within LTpowerPlay along with several tutorial demos. Complete information is available at: www.linear.com/ltpowerplay 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 89 LTC2977 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION PCB Assembly and Layout Suggestions Exposed Pad Stencil Design Bypass Capacitor Placement The LTC2977’s package is thermally and electrically efficient. This is enabled by the exposed die attach pad on the under side of the package which must be soldered down to the PCB or mother board substrate. It is a good practice to minimize the presence of voids within the exposed pad inter-connection. Total elimination of voids is difficult, but the design of the exposed pad stencil is key. Figure 32 shows a suggested screen print pattern. The proposed stencil design enables out-gassing of the solder paste during reflow as well as regulating the finished solder thickness. See IPC7525A. The LTC2977 requires 0.1µF bypass capacitors between the VDD33 pins and GND, the VDD25 pin and GND, and the REFP pin and REFM pin. If the chip is being powered from the VPWR input, then that pin should also be bypassed to GND by a 0.1µF capacitor. In order to be effective, these capacitors should be made of high quality ceramic dielectric such as X5R or X7R and be placed as close to the chip as possible. 90 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION PC Board Layout QFN PACKAGE APERATURE DESIGN 50% TO 80% REDUCTION Mechanical stress on a PC board and soldering-induced stress can cause the LTC2977’s reference voltage and voltage drift to shift. A simple way to reduce these stressrelated shifts is to mount the IC near the short edge of the PC board, or in a corner. The board edge acts as a stress boundary, or a region where the flexure of the board is minimal. GROUND PLANE Unused ADC Sense Inputs 2977 F32 Figure 32. Suggested Screen Pattern for Die Attach Pad Connect all unused ADC sense inputs (VSENSEPn or VSENSEMn) to GND. In a system where the inputs are connected to removable cards and may be left floating in certain situations, connect the inputs to GND using 100k resistors. Place the 100k resistors before any filter components, as shown in Figure 33, to prevent loading of the filter. VSENSEP 100k LTC2977 VSENSEM 100k 2977 F33 Figure 33. Connecting Unused Inputs to GND 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 91 LTC2977 Package Description Please refer to http://www.linear.com/designtools/packaging/ for the most recent package drawings. UP Package 64-Lead Plastic QFN (9mm × 9mm) (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1705 Rev C) 0.70 ±0.05 7.15 ±0.05 7.50 REF 8.10 ±0.05 9.50 ±0.05 (4 SIDES) 7.15 ±0.05 PACKAGE OUTLINE 0.25 ±0.05 0.50 BSC RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD PITCH AND DIMENSIONS APPLY SOLDER MASK TO AREAS THAT ARE NOT SOLDERED 9 .00 ±0.10 (4 SIDES) 0.75 ±0.05 R = 0.10 TYP R = 0.115 TYP 63 64 0.40 ±0.10 PIN 1 TOP MARK (SEE NOTE 5) 1 2 PIN 1 CHAMFER C = 0.35 7.50 REF (4-SIDES) 7.15 ±0.10 7.15 ±0.10 0.200 REF 0.00 – 0.05 NOTE: 1. DRAWING CONFORMS TO JEDEC PACKAGE OUTLINE MO-220 VARIATION WNJR-5 2. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS 3. DIMENSIONS OF EXPOSED PAD ON BOTTOM OF PACKAGE DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH, IF PRESENT, SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.20mm ON ANY SIDE, IF PRESENT 4. EXPOSED PAD SHALL BE SOLDER PLATED 5. SHADED AREA IS ONLY A REFERENCE FOR PIN 1 LOCATION ON THE TOP AND BOTTOM OF PACKAGE 6. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE 92 (UP64) QFN 0406 REV C 0.25 ±0.05 0.50 BSC BOTTOM VIEW—EXPOSED PAD 2977fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 LTC2977 Revision History REV DATE DESCRIPTION PAGE NUMBER A 09/13 Improved the voltage range for ADC Total Unadjusted Error (TUE) specification, Voltage Sense Mode, from >1.8V to >1V 5 Added ADC TUE specification for Current Sense Mode 5 Consolidated previous ADC specifications – INL, DNL, Voltage Sense Offset Error, Gain Error – into TUE 5 Updated VOS_CMP Offset Voltage specification 7 VVOUT_ENn Output High Voltage specification: Changed minimum from 11.6V to 10V 7 Added Typical Performance Characteristic: Closed-Loop Servo Accuracy 11 2977fa Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights. For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 93 LTC2977 Typical Application 0.1µF 41 5 VOUT 44 46 R32 R22 DC/DC CONVERTER VFB LOAD R12 RUN/SS SGND GND 47 45 6 50 48 49 51 IN 7 ASEL0 VIN_SNS VPWR ASEL1 VDD33 WP GND REFP VDD25 VSENSEP7 VSENSEM7 VDACM0 VDACM7 VOUT_EN0 VOUT_EN7 VDACP1 VDACP6 VSENSEP1 VSENSEP6 VSENSEM1 VSENSEM6 VDACM1 VDACM6 VOUT_EN1 VOUT_EN6 LTC2977 VDACP2 VDACP5 VSENSEP2 VSENSEP5 VSENSEM2 VSENSEM5 VDACM2 VDACM5 VOUT_EN2 VOUT_EN5 VDACP3 VDACP4 VSENSEP3 VSENSEP4 VSENSEM3 VSENSEM4 VDACM3 OUT INTERMEDIATE BUS CONVERTER VDACP7 VSENSEM0 VOUT_EN3 VIN_EN VIN 14 12 EN 3.3V 23 24 25 26 21 27 28 29 30 31 20 VDACM4 WDI/RESETB 43 32 PWRGD 42 33 CONTROL1 40 15 CONTROL0 4 16 ALERTB RUN/SS SGND GND 17 SCL 38 18 SDA 37 19 SHARE_CLK LOAD R10 65 FAULTB11 VFB VSENSEP0 34 FAULTB10 DC/DC CONVERTER VDACP0 REFM 36 R30 R20 35 FAULTB01 39 FAULTB00 VOUT DNC 13 VIN 3.3V 0.1µF VDD33 0.1µF VOUT_EN4 VOUT 60 2 3 R37 R27 VIN DC/DC CONVERTER VFB LOAD R17 61 SGND RUN/SS GND 11 VOUT 59 64 1 R36 R26 VIN DC/DC CONVERTER VFB LOAD R16 58 SGND RUN/SS GND 10 VOUT 56 62 63 R35 R25 VIN DC/DC CONVERTER VFB LOAD R15 57 SGND RUN/SS GND 9 VOUT 55 52 53 54 R34 R24 VIN DC/DC CONVERTER VFB LOAD R14 SGND RUN/SS GND 8 2977 F34 22 10k 10k 10k 10k 10k 10k 10k 10k 5.49k 10k 10k 10k 3.3V TO/FROM OTHER LTC2974s, LTC2977s AND MICROCONTROLLER Figure 34. LTC2977 Application Circuit with 3.3V Chip Power Related Parts PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION COMMENTS LTC2970 Dual I2C Power Supply Monitor and Margining Controller 5V to 15V, 0.5% TUE 14-Bit ADC, 8-Bit DAC, Temperature Sensor LTC2974 4-Channel PMBus Power System Manager 0.25% TUE 16-Bit ADC, Voltage/Current/Temperature Monitoring and Supervision LTC3880 Dual Output PolyPhase Step-Down DC/DC Controller 0.5% TUE 16-Bit ADC, Voltage/Current/Temperature Monitoring and Supervision LTC3883 Single Output PolyPhase Step-Down DC/DC Controller 0.5% TUE 16-Bit ADC, Voltage/Current/Temperature Monitoring and Supervision 94 Linear Technology Corporation 1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417 For more information www.linear.com/LTC2977 (408) 432-1900 ● FAX: (408) 434-0507 ● www.linear.com/LTC2977 2977fa LT 0913 REV A • PRINTED IN USA LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 2013