Application Notes

AN11046
Recommendations for PCB assembly of DSN0603-2
Rev. 2 — 23 September 2015
Application note
Document information
Info
Content
Keywords
DSN0603, DSN0603-2, SOD962, 0603 package size, reflow soldering,
surface mount, solder paste, stencil aperture, Printed-Circuit Board (PCB),
Solder Mask Defined (SMD), footprint, landing pattern, pick and place,
Chip-Scale Package (CSP)
Abstract
This application note provides guidelines for board assembly of the
ultra-small DSN0603-2 (0.6  0.3 mm2) chip-scale package. The main
focus is on recommendations for reflow soldering.
For general information about footprint design and reflow soldering see
application note AN10365 (Surface mount reflow soldering description).
If not otherwise stated, all measurement units given in this document are
metric units. This means that also the package nomenclature (for example
the term "0603") refers to metric units.
AN11046
NXP Semiconductors
Recommendations for PCB assembly of DSN0603-2
Revision history
Rev
Date
Description
1
20120601
Initial version
2
20150923
Completely revised document
Contact information
For more information, please visit: http://www.nxp.com
For sales office addresses, please send an email to: [email protected]
AN11046
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Recommendations for PCB assembly of DSN0603-2
1. Introduction
Due to the trend of reduced dimensions and increased density of functionality in
smartphones and other mobile devices, there is an increasing request from the industry
for extremely small components. NXP supports this trend with the new DSN0603-2
(SOD962) package. It is an ultra small surface-mount chip-scale diode package with a
size of only 0.6 mm  0.3 mm  0.3 mm (0603 as metric; 0201 in inches).
Due to the very small size of the component, NXP investigated the board assembly
process intensively in order to offer board mounting recommendations.
This includes PCB mounting pads, stencil apertures, solder paste and board assembly
process parameters.
Using the recommended dimensions for pads and stencil as described in this document
will help to achieve:
•
•
•
•
optimum stand-up height
minimum tilt
minimum rotation
good board assembly process performance
While this application note helps minimizing any unexpected failures, following the advice
in this document is not a guarantee for a perfect Surface-Mount Technology (SMT)
assembly result. The results may differ depending on the machine capability, ambient
conditions, material, etc.
2. DSN0603-2 (SOD962): package details
DSN0603-2 (SOD962) is a Discrete Silicon No-leads (DSN) package. It features either
electro-plated copper-tin (CuSn) contacts (CuSn pillars) or electroless plated
nickel-palladium-gold (NiPdAu) contacts (pads) under the package (bottom terminations)
similar to Discrete Flat No-leads (DFN) style packages. The DSN-style package allows
100 % utilization of the package area for active silicon, offering a significant performance
advantage per board area compared to products in plastic-molded packages.
Key Features:
• Ultra small and flat package (0.6  0.3  0.3 mm3)
• 400 m pad pitch
• Pad size 240  240 m2
The visual appearance of DSN0603-2 (SOD962) is shown in Figure 1 whereas Figure 2
shows the package dimensions.
AN11046
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Recommendations for PCB assembly of DSN0603-2
Fig 1.
DSN0603-2 (SOD962): visual appearance
Leadless ultra small package; 2 terminals; body 0.6 x 0.3 x 0.3 mm
SOD962-2
L
1
2
b
e1
A
A1
E
D
(1)
0
0.5 mm
scale
Dimensions (mm are the original dimensions)
Unit
mm
A
max 0.32
nom
min 0.28
A1
0.03
b
D
E
e1
L
0.25 0.325 0.625
0.15
0.4
0.23 0.275 0.575
0.13
Note
1. The marking bar indicates the cathode.
Outline
version
sod962-2_po
References
IEC
JEDEC
JEITA
Issue date
13-07-12
13-07-17
SOD962-2
Fig 2.
European
projection
DSN0603-2 (SOD962): package dimensions
AN11046
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Recommendations for PCB assembly of DSN0603-2
3. PCB solder pattern
3.1 Solder pad design: general options
There are two types of solder pad / solder resist designs:
Solder Mask Defined (SMD) and Non-Solder Mask Defined (NSMD).
SMD is a method of designing the solder resist to partially overlap the copper (Cu) landing
pattern on the PCB. NSMD designs have a gap between the solder resist and the Cu
landing pattern on the PCB. These two types are described in more detail in the next
chapter.
3.1.1 SMD solder pad versus NSMD solder pad
If the solder mask extends onto the solder lands, the remaining solderable area is Solder
Mask Defined (SMD). The effective solder pad is equal to the copper area that is not
covered by the solder mask. This situation is illustrated in Figure 3, left column. In case of
an SMD pad, the copper will normally extend 75 m down to 50 m underneath the solder
mask on all sides. In other words, the copper dimension is 0.1 mm to 0.15 mm larger than
the solder mask dimension. These values may vary depending on the class of PCBs
used. This allows tolerances in copper etching and solder mask placement during PCB
production.
If the solder mask layer starts outside of the solder lands, and does not cover the copper,
this is referred to as Non-Solder Mask Defined (NSMD). The effective solder pad is equal
to the copper area. In case of an NSMD, the solder mask should be at least 50 m away
from the solder land on all sides. In other words, the solder mask dimension is 100 m
larger than the copper dimension. These values may vary depending on the class of
PCBs used. The main requirement is that the solder mask is sufficiently far away from the
copper, such that - with the given tolerances in solder mask application - it does not
extend onto the copper. An NSMD footprint is shown in Figure 3, right column.
001aac832
001aac831
a. SMD solder pad
Fig 3.
b. NSMD solder pad
Solder Mask Defined (SMD) versus Non-Solder Mask Defined (NSMD) solder pads
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Recommendations for PCB assembly of DSN0603-2
3.2 Solder pad design for DSN0603-2 packages (SOD962)
3.2.1 Recommended reflow solder footprint
Based on the small dimensions of 0603 (0201) devices and the given tolerances for PCB
manufacturing, it is recommended to use Non-Solder Mask Defined (NSMD) solder pads.
The DSN0603-2 (SOD962) solder footprint with dimensions and the solder footprint
together with the package outline are shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.
0.28
mm
0.2 mm
0.2 mm
0.2 mm
aaa-019352
Fig 4.
DSN0603-2 (SOD962): recommended reflow solder footprint
0.14 mm
0.24
mm
0.4 mm
Device
Device pad
Cu pad on PCB
Fig 5.
AN11046
Application note
aaa-019353
DSN0603-2 (SOD962): recommended reflow solder footprint with package outline
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Recommendations for PCB assembly of DSN0603-2
3.2.2 Solder Mask Defined (SMD) footprint on PCB (not recommended)
In case that an SMD solder pad structure is absolutely needed, the recommended solder
footprints are given in Figure 6.
As mentioned above, due to the tolerances in the PCB manufacturing, an SMD solder pad
structure is not the recommended solution.
0.7 mm
0.28
mm
0.2 mm
Fig 6.
AN11046
Application note
0.2 mm
0.2 mm
Device
Cu lines on PCB
Device pad
Solder mask opening
aaa-019354
Solder Mask Defined (SMD) footprint on PCB
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Recommendations for PCB assembly of DSN0603-2
4. Solder stencil
4.1 Stencil recommendations
Due to small apertures and pad dimensions, use a high-quality stainless-steel stencil
manufactured by laser-cut and with electropolish or plasma coating.
The recommended stencil thickness is 100 m or thinner for the DSN0603-2 package.
For the DSN0603-2 (SOD962) recommended NXP footprint (see Section 3.2.1, Figure 4
and Figure 5), the optimum stencil aperture is shown in Figure 7.
0.256
mm
0.256 mm
0.16 mm
0.256 mm
aaa-019355
Fig 7.
Recommended stencil aperture for DSN0603-2 (SOD962)
Figure 8 shows the stencil opening in combination with the recommended NXP footprint
and the device pad area. Figure 9 shows the stencil and solder mask opening in case of a
Solder Mask Defined (SMD) PCB footprint which is not the recommended footprint
solution (see Section 3.2.2).
AN11046
Application note
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Recommendations for PCB assembly of DSN0603-2
0.2 mm
0.2 mm
0.2 mm
0.28
mm
0.256
mm
0.256 mm
0.16 mm
0.256 mm
Device pad
Cu pad on PCB
Stencil opening
Fig 8.
AN11046
Application note
aaa-019356
Stencil opening in combination with Cu pads on PCB and the device pads
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Recommendations for PCB assembly of DSN0603-2
0.7 mm
0.28
mm
0.256
mm
0.2 mm
0.2 mm
Device pad
Cu lines on PCB
Stencil opening
Solder mask opening
0.2 mm
aaa-019357
SMD footprint on PCB is not the recommended solution
Fig 9.
AN11046
Application note
Stencil and solder mask opening in case of an SMD footprint on PCB
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Recommendations for PCB assembly of DSN0603-2
4.2 Stencil aperture design
Area and aspect ratio are key design-guidelines for stencil apertures. Due to the small
size of DSN0603-2 (SOD962), the requirements on the area ratio are higher than for
larger form factors. NXP stencil recommendations give an area ratio of 0.64. Smaller
values are possible with adequate process control. The lower limit for the area ratio
depends on the manufacturing environment and other requirements of the manufacturer.
The aspect ratio should be > 1.5 which is less critical to fulfil. NXP stencil
recommendations give an aspect ratio of 2.56.
For explanation of area and aspect ratio, refer to Figure 10.
Cross -sectional view of a stencil
aaa-019083
of aperture opening
LW
Area ratio = area
---------------------------------------------------------- = -------------------------------------area of aperture walls
2  L + W  T
W
width of the aperture
Aspect ratio = --------------------------------------------------------------- = -----  1 5
T
thickness of the stencil foil
Fig 10. Explanation of area and aspect ratio
Table 1.
Area and aspect ratio for stencil apertures as recommended
Stencil thickness T = 100 m
NXP recommended footprint
Aperture size
Area ratio
target > 0.62
Aspect ratio
target > 1.5
DSN0603-2 (SOD962)
256 m2  /4
0.64
2.56
Table 1 shows the values for aspect and area ratio of the optimum stencil apertures with a
stencil thickness of 100 m. It results in acceptable area ratios for the NXP footprint
recommendations.
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Recommendations for PCB assembly of DSN0603-2
5. Solder paste
Besides stencil aperture and thickness, the used solder paste has a significant impact on
the printing performance. As shown in Table 2, solder pastes are available in different
solder powder grain sizes.
Table 2.
Type
Solder paste types
Powder grain size in m
Less than 0.5 %
larger than
10 % max. between 80 % max between
10 % max. less
than
1
160
150-160
75-150
75
2
80
75-80
45-75
45
3
60
45-60
25-45
25
4
50
38-50
20-38
20
5
40
25-40
15-25
15
6
25
15-25
5-15
5
7
15
11-15
2-11
2
Use a solder paste type 4 and higher (smaller grain size) in combination with a stencil
aperture thickness of 100 m for the DSN0603-2 (SOD962) package. As solder paste is
sensitive to age, temperature, and humidity, follow the handling recommendations of the
paste manufacturer.
6. Soldering process
For soldering of DSN0603-2 package, following standard reflow processes and typical
temperature profiles are suitable:
• Convection reflow under nitrogen atmosphere is preferred to improve the solder
wetting.
• Convection reflow under air atmosphere also works, but solder joint surfaces are
rough, flux residues often become darker and the soldering behavior may deteriorate.
• Vapor phase soldering is also possible.
A reflow solder profile for tin-silver-copper alloys, so-called SAC alloys (SnAg3.8Cu0.7)
based on the IPC/JEDEC joint industry standard J-STD-020D is recommended. Refer to
Figure 11 and Table 3.
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temperature
tp
critical zone
TL to Tp
Tp
ramp-up
TL
tL
Tsmax
Tsmin
ramp-down
ts
preheat
25 °C
time
T25 °C to peak
aaa-019084
Fig 11. Reflow solder profile based on IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020D
Table 3.
Pb-free profile feature and specification based on IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020D
Profile feature
Values for Pb-free assembly
Average ramp-up rate (Tsmax to Tp)
3 C/s maximum
Preheat
Minimum temperature (Tsmin)
150 C
Maximum temperature (Tsmax)
200 C
Time (ts) from Tsmin to Tsmax
60 s to 180 s
Liquidus temperature (TL)
217 C
Time (tL) maintained above TL
60 s to 150 s
Peak/classification temperature (Tp)
260 C
Time within 5 C of actual peak temperature (tp)
10 s to 30 s
Ramp-down rate
6 C/s maximum
Time 25 C to peak temperature (t25°C to peak)
8 minutes maximum
7. Handling recommendations
Besides the PCB and stencil design requirements, the ultra small size of the DSN0603
and as consequence the low weight of the component requires that some attention be
paid to the pick and place (P&P) process. Electrostatic charge may cause problems
during the pick and place (tape out) process. NXP has implemented preventive measures
such as using a conductive plastic carrier tape (embossed tape).
For rework, use equipment suitable for the ultra small package size and for handling bare
silicon devices. Manual handling with tweezers (e.g. for repair) is not recommended.
AN11046
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8. Summary
8.1 Recommended solder footprint and stencil aperture
The recommended solder footprint including stencil aperture are shown in Figure 12 for
DSN0603-2 (SOD962).
0.2 mm
0.2 mm
0.2 mm
0.28
mm
0.256
mm
0.256 mm
0.16 mm
0.256 mm
Cu pad on PCB
Stencil opening
aaa-019916
Recommended stencil thickness: 100 m or thinner
Fig 12. DSN0603-2 (SOD962): solder footprint and stencil aperture
8.2 Further recommendations
8.2.1 Stencil layout and solder paste
• Stencil thickness of 100 m or thinner in combination with type 4 solder paste (refer to
Table 2) is recommended.
• A stencil aperture dimension as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 12 is recommended for
DSN0603-2 (SOD962).
• To get best printing (and soldering) results, control the cleaning cycle of the stencil.
8.2.2 Solder pad design
• Non-Solder Mask Defined (NSMD) pads with a gap between Cu pad and solder resist
of 50 m are recommended.
• Conductor (Cu trace) between solder pads on PCB is not recommended.
• Do not connect solder pads by -via.
• Connection by Cu traces (lines) is preferred.
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8.2.3 Soldering process
• Convection reflow under nitrogen atmosphere is preferred.
• Convection reflow under air atmosphere also works, but:
– Using an unfavorable layout, products lean towards undefined tilting and rotation
and solder joints tend to more voiding.
– Solder joint surfaces are rough, flux residues often become darker and the
soldering behavior may deteriorate.
• Vapor phase soldering is also possible.
8.2.4 Handling recommendations
• Manual handling with tweezers (e.g. for repair) is not recommended.
• Keep control of thawing time of solder paste bundle to avoid too much humidity in
paste.
• To prevent drying of flux in solder paste, maintain the relative humidity of shop floor at
solder paste print until reflow to 40 % to 60 %.
• Relative humidity of shop floor at pick and place > 30 %.
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9. Legal information
9.1
Definitions
Draft — The document is a draft version only. The content is still under
internal review and subject to formal approval, which may result in
modifications or additions. NXP Semiconductors does not give any
representations or warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of
information included herein and shall have no liability for the consequences of
use of such information.
9.2
Disclaimers
Limited warranty and liability — Information in this document is believed to
be accurate and reliable. However, NXP Semiconductors does not give any
representations or warranties, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or
completeness of such information and shall have no liability for the
consequences of use of such information. NXP Semiconductors takes no
responsibility for the content in this document if provided by an information
source outside of NXP Semiconductors.
In no event shall NXP Semiconductors be liable for any indirect, incidental,
punitive, special or consequential damages (including - without limitation - lost
profits, lost savings, business interruption, costs related to the removal or
replacement of any products or rework charges) whether or not such
damages are based on tort (including negligence), warranty, breach of
contract or any other legal theory.
Notwithstanding any damages that customer might incur for any reason
whatsoever, NXP Semiconductors’ aggregate and cumulative liability towards
customer for the products described herein shall be limited in accordance
with the Terms and conditions of commercial sale of NXP Semiconductors.
Right to make changes — NXP Semiconductors reserves the right to make
changes to information published in this document, including without
limitation specifications and product descriptions, at any time and without
notice. This document supersedes and replaces all information supplied prior
to the publication hereof.
Suitability for use — NXP Semiconductors products are not designed,
authorized or warranted to be suitable for use in life support, life-critical or
safety-critical systems or equipment, nor in applications where failure or
malfunction of an NXP Semiconductors product can reasonably be expected
to result in personal injury, death or severe property or environmental
damage. NXP Semiconductors and its suppliers accept no liability for
inclusion and/or use of NXP Semiconductors products in such equipment or
applications and therefore such inclusion and/or use is at the customer’s own
risk.
Applications — Applications that are described herein for any of these
products are for illustrative purposes only. NXP Semiconductors makes no
representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the
specified use without further testing or modification.
Customers are responsible for the design and operation of their applications
and products using NXP Semiconductors products, and NXP Semiconductors
accepts no liability for any assistance with applications or customer product
AN11046
Application note
design. It is customer’s sole responsibility to determine whether the NXP
Semiconductors product is suitable and fit for the customer’s applications and
products planned, as well as for the planned application and use of
customer’s third party customer(s). Customers should provide appropriate
design and operating safeguards to minimize the risks associated with their
applications and products.
NXP Semiconductors does not accept any liability related to any default,
damage, costs or problem which is based on any weakness or default in the
customer’s applications or products, or the application or use by customer’s
third party customer(s). Customer is responsible for doing all necessary
testing for the customer’s applications and products using NXP
Semiconductors products in order to avoid a default of the applications and
the products or of the application or use by customer’s third party
customer(s). NXP does not accept any liability in this respect.
Export control — This document as well as the item(s) described herein
may be subject to export control regulations. Export might require a prior
authorization from competent authorities.
Evaluation products — This product is provided on an “as is” and “with all
faults” basis for evaluation purposes only. NXP Semiconductors, its affiliates
and their suppliers expressly disclaim all warranties, whether express, implied
or statutory, including but not limited to the implied warranties of
non-infringement, merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The
entire risk as to the quality, or arising out of the use or performance, of this
product remains with customer.
In no event shall NXP Semiconductors, its affiliates or their suppliers be liable
to customer for any special, indirect, consequential, punitive or incidental
damages (including without limitation damages for loss of business, business
interruption, loss of use, loss of data or information, and the like) arising out
the use of or inability to use the product, whether or not based on tort
(including negligence), strict liability, breach of contract, breach of warranty or
any other theory, even if advised of the possibility of such damages.
Notwithstanding any damages that customer might incur for any reason
whatsoever (including without limitation, all damages referenced above and
all direct or general damages), the entire liability of NXP Semiconductors, its
affiliates and their suppliers and customer’s exclusive remedy for all of the
foregoing shall be limited to actual damages incurred by customer based on
reasonable reliance up to the greater of the amount actually paid by customer
for the product or five dollars (US$5.00). The foregoing limitations, exclusions
and disclaimers shall apply to the maximum extent permitted by applicable
law, even if any remedy fails of its essential purpose.
Translations — A non-English (translated) version of a document is for
reference only. The English version shall prevail in case of any discrepancy
between the translated and English versions.
9.3
Trademarks
Notice: All referenced brands, product names, service names and trademarks
are the property of their respective owners.
All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.
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10. Contents
1
2
3
3.1
3.1.1
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
4
4.1
4.2
5
6
7
8
8.1
8.2
8.2.1
8.2.2
8.2.3
8.2.4
9
9.1
9.2
9.3
10
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
DSN0603-2 (SOD962): package details . . . . . . 3
PCB solder pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Solder pad design: general options . . . . . . . . . 5
SMD solder pad versus NSMD solder pad . . . . 5
Solder pad design for DSN0603-2 packages
(SOD962) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Recommended reflow solder footprint . . . . . . . 6
Solder Mask Defined (SMD) footprint on PCB (not
recommended) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Solder stencil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Stencil recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Stencil aperture design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Solder paste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Soldering process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Handling recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Recommended solder footprint and stencil
aperture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Further recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Stencil layout and solder paste . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Solder pad design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Soldering process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Handling recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Legal information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Disclaimers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Trademarks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Please be aware that important notices concerning this document and the product(s)
described herein, have been included in section ‘Legal information’.
© NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015.
All rights reserved.
For more information, please visit: http://www.nxp.com
For sales office addresses, please send an email to: [email protected]
Date of release: 23 September 2015
Document identifier: AN11046