AN947: Implementing Zero Delay Mode Using the Si5340/41/42/44/45/80

AN947: Implementing Zero Delay Mode
Using the Si5340/41/42/44/45/80
A zero delay clock generator or buffer is one whose outputs are
edge-aligned with a reference clock. This should not be confused
with phase-lock, as phase-lock refers to two clocks that are on
average aligned in phase with some (often unknown) initial phase
offset. A zero delay clock, on the other hand, has no or minimal
initial phase offset.
Applications of the Si5340/41/42/44/45/80 zero delay feature exist in many synchronous
systems, such as SONET/SDH networks, synchronous Ethernet, PCIe and other highspeed interconnects, and any application requiring known and predictable delay between a reference and one or more output clocks.
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KEY FEATURES
• Zero delay removes (minimizes) input-tooutput propagation delays to produce
outputs phase-aligned to the input clocks
for applications requiring minimal, known,
and/or predictable delays
• Supported on Si5340/41/42/44/45 and
Si5380
• Easy to set up using ClockBuilder Pro
Rev. 0.1
AN947: Implementing Zero Delay Mode Using the Si5340/41/42/44/45/80
Introduction
1. Introduction
In a typical clock generator or jitter attentuator there is usually some propagation delay from the input reference clock to the outputs.
This delay can have uncertainty due to frequency plan differences, variations across process and temperature, and variations between
subsequent device resets. Using the zero delay feature available in the Si5340/41/42/44/45/80 family of clock generators and jitter attenuators we can zero out any input-to-output propagation delay and minimize uncertainty.
This application note provides details on setting up a zero delay frequency plan and testing it on an evaluation board. A ClockBuilder
Pro example is shown using the Si5345; however, other devices can also be set up similarly.
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AN947: Implementing Zero Delay Mode Using the Si5340/41/42/44/45/80
Theory of Operation
2. Theory of Operation
The figure below shows a high-level block diagram of the Si5342/44/45 devices. The PLL works to zero out steady-state phase error
between the two inputs of its phase detector (PD), a reference clock input and a feedback input. This is not very useful in terms of inputto-output edge alignment; any edge alignment information is lost due to the fixed and variable delays in the feedback M divider, output
Multisynth and R dividers, and the input P divider.
48-54 MHz XTAL
or REFCLK
XA
OSC
IN_SEL[1:0]
IN0
IN0b
IN1
IN1b
IN2
IN2b
IN3/FB_IN
IN3/FB_ INb
XB
÷
P0n
P0d
÷
P1n
P1d
÷
P2n
P2d
÷
P3n
P3d
DSPLL
PD
Optional
External
Feedback
LPF
÷
M _ NUM
M _ DEN
Fvco
Multi
N1_ NUM
Synth ÷ N1_ DEN
÷R1
VDDO1
OUT1
OUT1b
Multi
N2_ NUM
÷ N2_ DEN
Synth
÷R2
VDDO2
OUT2
OUT2b
Multi
N3_ NUM
÷ N3_ DEN
Synth
÷R3
VDDO3
OUT3
OUT3b
÷R4
VDDO4
OUT4
OUT4b
÷R5
VDDO5
OUT5
OUT5b
÷R6
VDDO6
OUT6
OUT6b
÷R7
VDDO7
OUT7
OUT7b
÷R8
VDDO8
OUT8
OUT8b
÷R9
VDDO9
OUT9
OUT9b
Multi
Synth
N4_ NUM
÷ N4_ DEN
Si5345
VDDO0
OUT0
OUT0b
Si5344
÷R0
Si5342
N0_ NUM
Multi
÷ N0_ DEN
Synth
Figure 2.1. Si5342/44/45 in Standard PLL Mode
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AN947: Implementing Zero Delay Mode Using the Si5340/41/42/44/45/80
Theory of Operation
If we replace the feedback input of the PD with one of the output clocks, as shown in the figure below, we can edge align all related
outputs with the input clocks. Note that edge alignment occurs at the PD input. Care was taken in the design of the Si534x/8x family to
match propagation delays between multiple input paths and output dividers. This allows multiple outputs to be zero delay with respect
to any one of the inputs.
IN0
Si5345/44/42
÷P0
IN0b
IN1
DSPLL
÷P1
IN1b
IN2
PD
÷P2
IN2b
15GHz
LPF
÷M
IN3/FB_IN
100
÷P3
IN3 /FB_INb
÷R0
VDDO0
OUT0
OUT0b
÷N0
t0
÷R1
VDDO1
OUT1
OUT1b
÷N1
t1
÷R2
VDDO2
OUT2
OUT2b
÷N2
t2
÷N3
t3
÷R7
VDDO7
OUT7
OUT7b
÷N4
t4
÷R8
VDDO8
OUT8
OUT8b
÷R9
VDDO9
OUT9
OUT9b
External Feedback Path
Figure 2.2. Si5345 Zero Delay Mode Set-up
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AN947: Implementing Zero Delay Mode Using the Si5340/41/42/44/45/80
Setup
3. Setup
Any of the Si5340/41/42*/44*/45/80 devices can be configured for zero delay mode using Clock Builder Pro. The output closest to the
IN3/FBIN pins (OUT2, OUT3, or OUT9 depending on the device variant) must be tied to IN3/FBIN. Care must be taken in layout to
minimize trace length and any exposure to noise sources on the PCB.
Note: Zero delay mode is not available on the Si5342H/44H.
3.1 Setting up zero delay mode using ClockBuilder Pro
In the Zero Delay Mode tab of the ClockBuilder Pro wizard check Enable Zero Delay Mode. Leave external feedback output selection to
its default value.
Figure 3.1. ClockBuilder Pro Wizard--Zero Delay Step
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AN947: Implementing Zero Delay Mode Using the Si5340/41/42/44/45/80
Setup
This will block out IN3 as an input clock. Note that automatic input clock switching is not available if there are multiple input clocks and
zero delay mode is enabled. One of the manual input clock selections must be used, registers or pins (see the figure below).
Figure 3.2. ClockBuilder Pro Wizard--Define Input Clocks Step
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AN947: Implementing Zero Delay Mode Using the Si5340/41/42/44/45/80
Setup
In the Define Output Frequencies Step, the Clockbuilder Pro frequency planning algorithm will attempt to derive all related frequencies
from the N0/ZDM Multisynth divider. This will ensure edge alignment for integer-related frequencies such as 19.44 MHz and 155.52
MHz as shown in the figure below. Zero-delayed outputs can also be explicitly selected by using the N divider/DCO/ZDM pull-down
selection.
Figure 3.3. ClockBuilder Pro Wizard--Define Output Frequencies Step
3.2 Zero Delay Mode Registers
3.2.1 Si5340/41 Zero Delay Mode Registers
Table 3.1. Si5340/41 Zero Delay Mode Registers
Reg Address
Bit Field
Type
Setting Name
0x091C
2:0
R/W
ZDM_EN
Description
3=Zero delay mode
4=Normal mode
All other values must not be written.
0x0021
0
R/W
IN_SEL_REGCTRL
0: pin controlled clock selection
1: register controlled clock selection
0x0140[3:0]
3:0
0x0139[3:0]
7:0
R/W
OUTX_ALWAYS_ON
0x100: Si5340 (OUT3)
0x800: Si5341 (OUT9)
Output tied to IN3/FBIN must be
configured to always on.
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AN947: Implementing Zero Delay Mode Using the Si5340/41/42/44/45/80
Setup
3.2.2 Si5342/44/45/80 Zero Delay Mode Registers
Table 3.2. Si5342/44/45/80 Zero Delay Mode Registers
Reg Address
Bit Field
Type
Setting Name
0x0140
3:0
R/W
OUTX_ALWAYS_ON
0x0139
7:0
Description
0x10: Si5342 (OUT2)
0x100: Si5344 (OUT3)
0x800: Si3545/80
Output tied to IN3/FBIN must be
configured to always on.
0x0487
0
R/W
ZDM_EN
0: Disable zero delay mode.
1: Enable zero delay mode.
0x0487
2:1
R/W
ZDM_IN_SEL
When zero delay is enabled, this
register parameter selects the input
clock in manual register controlled
mode. Ignore if device set up in pin
controlled mode.
0: IN0
1: IN1
2: IN2
3: A register value of 3 is not allowed.
0x052A
0
R/W
IN_SEL_REGCTRL
0: pin controlled clock
1: register controlled clock selection
When ZDM_EN is high the IN_SEL register bits become unused. Instead ZDM_IN_SEL register bits must be used. If ZDM_EN and
IN_SEL_REGCTRL are both high, clock selection is pin-controlled and neither IN_SEL or ZDM_IN_SEL are used.
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