Active Clamp Voltage Mode PWM Controller For Off-Line Applications

NCP1280
Active Clamp Voltage Mode
PWM Controller for Off-Line
Applications
The NCP1280 provides a highly integrated solution for off−line
power supplies requiring high−efficiency and low parts count. This
voltage mode controller provides control outputs for driving a forward
converter primary MOSFET and an auxiliary MOSFET for active
clamp circuit. The second output with its programmable delay can also
be used for driving a synchronous rectifier on the secondary or for
asymmetric half bridge circuits. Incorporation of high voltage startup
circuitry (with 700 V capability) reduces parts count and system
power dissipation. Additional features such as line UV/OV protection,
soft−start, single resistor programmable (high) frequency oscillator,
line voltage feedforward, dual mode overcurrent protection and
maximum duty cycle control, allow converter optimization at minimal
cost. Compared to a traditional forward converter, an NCP1280 based
converter can offer significant efficiency improvements and system
cost savings.
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MARKING
DIAGRAM
16
1
Internal High Voltage Startup Regulator (25 V to 700 V)
Dual Control Outputs with Adjustable Overlap Delay
Programmable Maximum Duty Cycle Control
Single Resistor Oscillator Frequency Setting
Fast Line Feedforward
Line Under/Overvoltage Lockout
Dual Mode Overcurrent Protection
Programmable Soft−Start
Precision 5.0 V Reference
This is a Pb−Free Device*
Vin
NC
UV/OV
FF
CS
CSKIP
RT
DCMAX
Vin
−
Vin
UV/OV
Overlap
Delay
16
VAUX
OUT1
GND
OUT2
tD
VREF
VEA
SS
ORDERING INFORMATION
*For additional information on our Pb−Free strategy
and soldering details, please download the
ON Semiconductor Soldering and Mounting
Techniques Reference Manual, SOLDERRM/D.
Lout
TX1
Startup
1
See detailed ordering and shipping information in the package
dimensions section on page 4 of this data sheet.
Off−Line Power Converters in 100−500 W Range
Desktop Power Supplies (High−End)
Industrial Power Supplies
Plasma/LCD TV Front−End
+
1
PIN CONNECTIONS
Typical Applications
•
•
•
•
NCP1280G
AWLYWW
NCP1280 = Device Code
A
= Assembly Location
WL
= Wafer Lot
Y
= Year
WW
= Work Week
G
= Pb−Free Package
Features
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
SO−16
D SUFFIX
CASE 751B
16
Cclamp
Feedforward
Mclamp
SR Drive
M3
Cout
+
Vout
−
FF
NCP1280
OUT2
OUT1
Driver
M1
M2
tD
Opto
Error
Amplifier
Figure 1. Forward Converter for Off−line Applications Using PFC Inputs
© Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2009
July, 2009 − Rev. 5
1
Publication Order Number
NCP1280/D
NCP1280
1
Vin
VAUX
Disable
ISTART
16
One Shot
Pulse
(250 ns)
VAUX
CAUX
+
14
Disable_VREF
S
Q
Monotonic
Start
Latch
(Reset
Dominant)
R
Disable_VREF
Vin
+
−
+
1.49 V
−
3
UV/OV
RD
Disable_ss
STOP
+
−
+
3.6 V
−
12
tD
VREF
Disable
CSKIP
−
+
11 A
One Shot
Pulse
(600 ns)
CS
+
−
VREF
6 A
+
−
Disable_ss
RT
Vin
I+
5.3 k
4
FF
Oscillator Ramp
IFF
6.7 k
+
V
−
+
OUT2
Max DC
+ − Comparator
+
2V
−
2V
V
125 k
20 k
+
−
+
−
2V
One Shot
Pulse
FF Ramp
(Adjustable)
40 k
+
−
−
CFF
Figure 2. NCP1280 Functional Block Diagram
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2
VREF
RMDP
32 k
8
VDC(inv)
10 pF
VEA
2V
10 pF
* Trimmed during
manufacturing to obtain
1.3 V with RT = 101 k
10
2 k
I1
2
I1
Clock
RFF
13
PWM
Comparator
STOP
+
1.3 V*
−
DIS
+ −
7
RT
VAUX
Soft Start
− + Comparator
0.5 V
SS
CSS
Delay
Logic
OUT1
VAUX
CURRENT MIRROR
9
DIS 15
Q
Output
Latch
(Reset
Dominant)
R
−
+
+
2V
−
CCSKIP
+
−
+
0.6 V
−
S
Clock
6
5
VREF
11
DIS
VAUX(ON)/VAUX(OFF)
−
GND
5.0 V Reference
27 k
DCMAX
RP
NCP1280
PIN DESCRIPTION
Pin
Name
Application Information
1
Vin
This pin is connected to the input voltage of the system. The voltage can be a rectified, filtered line voltage
or output of a power factor correction (PFC) front end. A constant current source supplies current from this
pin to the capacitor connected on the VAUX pin. The charge current is typically 13.8 mA. Maximum input
voltage is 700 V.
2
NC
Not Connected.
3
UV/OV
4
FF
An external resistor between Vin and this pin adjusts the amplitude of the Feedforward Ramp in proportion
to Vin. By varying the feedforward ramp amplitude in proportion to the input voltage, open loop line
regulation is improved.
5
CS
Overcurrent sense input. If the CS voltage exceeds 0.48 V or 0.57 V, the converter enters the Cycle by
Cycle or Cycle Skip current limit mode, respectively.
6
CSKIP
The capacitor connected between this pin and ground sets the Cycle Skip period. A soft−start sequence
follows at the conclusion of the fault period.
7
RT
8
DCMAX
9
SS
An internal 6.2 A current source charges the external capacitor connected to this pin. The duty cycle is
limited during startup by comparing the voltage on this pin to the Oscillator Ramp.
10
VEA
The error signal from an external error amplifier, typically supplied through an optocoupler, is fed into this
input and compared to the Feedforward Ramp. A series diode and resistor offset the voltage on this pin
before it is applied to the PWM Comparator inverting input.
11
VREF
Precision 5.0 V reference output. Maximum output current is 6 mA.
12
tD
13
OUT2
Output of the PWM controller with leading and trailing edge overlap delay. OUT2 can be used to drive a
synchronous rectifier topology, an active clamp/reset switch, or both.
14
GND
Control circuit ground.
15
OUT1
Main output of the PWM controller.
16
VAUX
Positive input supply voltage. This pin is connected to an external capacitor for energy storage. An
internal current supplies current from Vin to this pin. Once the voltage on VAUX reaches 11 V, the current
source turns OFF. It turns ON again once VAUX falls to 7 V. During normal operation, power is supplied to
the IC via this pin, by means of an auxiliary winding.
Provides protection under line undervoltage and overvoltage conditions. The built in voltage range is
X 2:1. If needed, the OV function can be disabled by a Zener from this pin to ground.
A single external resistor between this pin and GND sets the oscillator fixed frequency.
An external resistor between this pin and GND sets the voltage on the Max DC Comparator inverting
input. The duty cycle is limited by comparing the voltage on the Max DC Comparator inverting input to the
Feedforward Ramp.
An external resistor between VREF and this pin sets the overlap delay between OUT1 and OUT2
transitions.
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3
NCP1280
ORDERING INFORMATION
Device
NCP1280DR2G
Package
Shipping†
SO−16
(Pb−Free)
2500 / Tape & Reel
†For information on tape and reel specifications, including part orientation and tape sizes, please refer to our Tape and Reel Packaging
Specifications Brochure, BRD8011/D.
MAXIMUM RATINGS (Note 1)
Symbol
Value
Unit
Vin
−0.3 to 700
V
VAUX
−0.3 to 18
V
VAUX(transient)
−0.3 to 20
V
Auxiliary Supply Input Current
IAUX
35
mA
OUT1 and OUT2 Voltage
VOUT
−0.3 to (VAUX + 0.3 V)
V
OUT1 and OUT2 Output Current
IOUT
10
mA
5.0 V Reference Voltage
VREF
−0.3 to 6.0
V
5.0 V Reference Output Current
IREF
6.0
mA
All Other Inputs/Outputs Voltage
VIO
−0.3 to VREF
V
All Other Inputs/Outputs Current
IIO
10
mA
Operating Junction Temperature
TJ
−40 to 125
°C
Storage Temperature Range
Tstg
−55 to 150
°C
Power Dissipation at TA = 25°C
PD
0.77
W
RJA
130
°C/W
Rating
Input Line Voltage
Auxiliary Supply Voltage
Transient Auxiliary Supply Voltage (Duration < 10 ms, IAUX < 10 mA)
Thermal Resistance, Junction to Ambient
1. Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which damage to the device may occur. Exposure to these conditions or conditions beyond those
indicated may adversely affect device reliability. Functional operation under absolute maximum−rated conditions is not implied. Functional
operation should be restricted to the Recommended Operating Conditions.
A. This device series contains ESD protection and exceeds the following tests:
Pin 1 is the HV startup of the device and is rated to the max rating of the part, or 700 V.
Machine Model Method 700 V.
Pins 2−16: Human Body Model 4000 V per MIL−STD−883, Method 3015.
Machine Model Method 200 V.
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NCP1280
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Vin = 82 V, VAUX = 12 V, VEA = 2 V, RT = 101 k, CCSKIP = 6800 pF,
RD = 60.4 k, RFF = 1.0 M, for typical values TJ = 25°C, for min/max values, TJ = −40°C to 125°C, unless otherwise noted)
Characteristic
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
VAUX(on)
VAUX(off)
VH
10.5
6.6
−
11.0
7.0
4.0
11.5
7.4
−
−
−
25
Unit
STARTUP CONTROL AND VAUX REGULATOR
VAUX Regulation
Startup Threshold/VAUX Regulation Peak (VAUX increasing)
Minimum Operating VAUX Valley Voltage After Turn−On
Hysteresis
Minimum Startup Voltage (Pin 1)
ISTART = 1.5 mA, VAUX = VAUX(on) − 0.2 V, IREF = 0 A
VSTART(min)
Startup Circuit Output Current
VAUX = 0 V
TJ = 25°C
TJ = −40°C to 125°C
VAUX = VAUX(on) − 0.2 V
TJ = 25°C
TJ = −40°C to 125°C
ISTART
Startup Circuit Off−State Leakage Current (Vin = 700 V)
TJ = 25°C
TJ = −40°C to 125°C
ISTART(off)
Startup Circuit Breakdown Voltage (Note 2)
ISTART(off) = 50A, TJ = 25°C
V(BR)DS
Auxiliary Supply Current After VAUX Turn−On
Outputs Disabled
VEA = 0 V
VUV/OV = 0.7 V
Outputs Enabled
V
V
mA
13
10
17.5
−
21
25
10
8
13.8
−
17
19
−
−
23
−
50
100
700
−
−
A
V
mA
IAUX1
IAUX2
IAUX3
−
−
−
2.7
1.3
4.6
5.0
2.5
6.5
VUV
1.40
1.52
1.64
V
VUV(H)
0.080
0.098
0.120
V
VOV
3.47
3.61
3.75
V
VOV(H)
−
0.145
−
V
Undervoltage Propagation Delay to Output
tUV
−
250
−
ns
Overvoltage Propagation Delay to Output
tOV
−
160
−
ns
Cycle by Cycle Threshold Voltage
ILIM1
0.44
0.48
0.52
V
Propagation Delay to Output (VEA = 2.0 V)
VCS = ILIM1 to 2.0 V, measured when VOUT reaches 0.5 VOH
tILIM
−
90
150
ns
Cycle Skip Threshold Voltage
ILIM2
0.54
0.57
0.62
V
ICSKIP
8.0
12.3
15
A
LINE UNDER/OVERVOLTAGE DETECTOR
Undervoltage Threshold (Vin Increasing)
Undervoltage Hysteresis
Overvoltage Threshold (Vin Increasing)
Overvoltage Hysteresis
CURRENT LIMIT
Cycle Skip Charge Current (VCSKIP = 0 V)
2. Guaranteed by design only.
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NCP1280
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Vin = 82 V, VAUX = 12 V, VEA = 2 V, RT = 101 k, CCSKIP = 6800 pF,
RD = 60.4 k, RFF = 1.0 M, for typical values TJ = 25°C, for min/max values, TJ = −40°C to 125°C, unless otherwise noted)
Symbol
Characteristic
Min
Typ
Max
285
280
300
−
315
320
142
140
150
−
158
160
57
75
62
80
66
85
Unit
OSCILLATOR
Frequency (RT = 101 k)
TJ = 25°C
TJ = −40°C to 125°C
fOSC1
Frequency (RT = 220 k, VEA = 1.0 V)
TJ = 25°C
TJ = −40°C to 125°C
fOSC2
kHz
kHz
MAXIMUM DUTY CYCLE COMPARATOR
Maximum Duty Cycle (VEA = 3.0 V, TJ = 25°C)
RP = 0 , RMDP = open
RP = open, RMDP = open
DCMAX
%
Open Circuit Voltage
VDCMAX
0.40
0.47
0.60
V
Charge Current (VSS = 1.0 V)
ISS(C)
5.0
6.2
7.4
A
Discharge Current (VSS = 5.0 V, VUV/OV = 0 V)
ISS(D)
20
52.5
−
mA
RIN(VEA)
8.0
22
60
k
Lower Input Threshold
VEA(L)
0.3
0.7
0.9
V
Delay to Output (from VOH to 0.5 VOH)
tPWM
−
200
−
ns
4.9
4.8
5.0
−
5.1
5.1
SOFT−START
PWM COMPARATOR
Input Resistance (V1 = 1.25 V, V2 = 1.50 V)
RIN(VEA) = (V2 − V1)/(I2 − I1)
5.0 V REFERENCE
Output Voltage (IREF = 0 mA)
TJ = 25°C
TJ = −40°C to 125°C
VREF
V
Load Regulation (IREF = 0 to 6 mA)
VREF(Load)
−
10
50
mV
Line Regulation (VAUX = 7.5 to 16 V)
VREF(Line)
−
50
100
mV
VOL
VOH
−
−
0.25
11.8
−
−
CONTROL OUTPUTS
Output Voltage (IOUT = 0 mA)
Low State
High State
Overlap Delay
RD = 1 M
Leading
Trailing
RD = 60 k
Leading
Trailing
tD
V
ns
−
−
200
170
−
−
50
32
90
72
130
130
RSNK
RSRC
20
50
40
90
80
170
Rise Time (CL = 100 pF, 10% to 90% of VOH)
ton
−
30
−
ns
Fall Time (CL = 100 pF, 90% to 10% of VOH)
toff
−
12
−
ns
Drive Resistance (Vin = 15 V)
Sink (VEA = 0 V, VOUT = 2 V)
Source (VEA = 3 V, VOUT = 10 V)
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6
NCP1280
19
11
ISTART, STARTUP CIRCUIT OUTPUT
CURRENT (mA)
12
STARTUP
THRESHOLD
10
9
8
7
MINIMUM
OPERATING
THRESHOLD
6
5
−50
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
Vin = 82 V
17
16
VAUX = 0 V
15
14
13
12
VAUX = VAUX(on) − 0.2 V
11
10
9
−50
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 4. Startup Circuit Output Current
versus Junction Temperature
ISTART, STARTUP CIRCUIT OUTPUT
CURRENT (mA)
17.0
Vin = 82 V
16.5
16.0
15.5
15.0
14.5
14.0
13.5
13.0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
12
TJ = 25°C
8
TJ = 125°C
4
0
VAUX = VAUX(on) − 0.2 V
0
100
200
300
500
400
600
Figure 6. Startup Circuit Output Current
versus Line Voltage
TJ = −40°C
35
30
TJ = 25°C
25
TJ = 125°C
20
15
10
5
0
TJ = −40°C
Figure 5. Startup Circuit Output Current
versus Auxiliary Supply Voltage
40
0
16
Vin, LINE VOLTAGE (V)
VAUX = 12 V
45
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
700
4.0
3.5
VAUX = 12 V
3.0
VEA = 0 V
2.5
2.0
1.5
VUV/OV = 0 V
1.0
0.5
0
−50
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125 150
Vin, LINE VOLTAGE (V)
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 7. Startup Circuit Off−State Leakage
Current versus Line Voltage
Figure 8. Auxiliary Supply Current versus
Junction Temperature
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7
150
20
VAUX, AUXILIARY SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
50
ISTART(off), STARTUP CIRCUIT OFF−
STATE LEAKAGE CURRENT (A)
18
Figure 3. Auxiliary Supply Voltage Thresholds
versus Junction Temperature
IAUX, AUXILIARY SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
ISTART, STARTUP CIRCUIT OUTPUT
CURRENT (mA)
VAUX, AUXILIARY SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
NCP1280
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
VUV/OV, UV/OV VOLTAGE (V)
6
4.0
VAUX = 12 V
DC [ 50%
fOSC = 440 kHz
fOSC = 300 kHz
5
4
3
fOSC = 87 kHz
2
1
0
−50
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125
VUV/OV(H), UV/OV THRESHOLD
VOLTAGE HYSTERESIS (mV)
OV THRESHOLD
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
UV THRESHOLD
1.0
0.5
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 9. Operating Auxiliary Supply Current
versus Junction Temperature
Figure 10. Line Under/Overvoltage Thresholds
versus Junction Temperature
160
150
OV HYSTERESIS
140
130
120
110
UV HYSTERESIS
100
90
−50
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
600
575
CYCLE SKIP
550
525
500
CYCLE BY CYCLE
475
450
425
400
−50
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125 150
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 11. Line Under/Overvoltage Thresholds
Hysteresis versus Junction Temperature
Figure 12. Current Limit Thresholds versus
Junction Temperature
115
VAUX = 12 V
110
Measured from VOH to 0.5 VOH
fosc, OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz)
120
tILIM, CURRENT LIMIT
PROPAGATION DELAY (ns)
3.5
0
−50
150
ILIM, CURRENT LIMIT THRESHOLDS (mV)
IAUX3, OPERATING AUXILIARY
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
7
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
−50
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
450
400
RT = 68 k
350
300
RT = 101 k
250
200
RT = 220 k
150
100
RT = 390 k
50
0
−50
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 13. Current Limit Propagation Delay
versus Junction Temperature
Figure 14. Oscillator Frequency versus
Junction Temperature
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150
NCP1280
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
600
fosc, OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz)
fosc, OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz)
315
RT = 101 k
400
305
300
300
200
295
100
290
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
100
150
200
250
300
350
RT, TIMING RESISTOR (k)
Figure 15. Oscillator Frequency versus
Junction Temperature
Figure 16. Oscillator Frequency versus
Timing Resistor
DCMAX, MAXIMUM DUTY CYCLE (%)
19
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
VEA = 3.0 V
VDCMAX = 0 V
80
70
60
50
TJ = −40°C
40
30
20
TJ = 125°C
10
0
0
75
150
225
300
375
450
Figure 17. Feedforward Internal Resistance
versus Junction Temperature
Figure 18. Maximum Duty Cycle versus
Feedforward Current
90
RP = OPEN, RMDP = OPEN
80
70
RP = 0 , RMDP = OPEN
60
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125 150
ISS(C), SOFT−START CHARGE CURRENT (A)
IFF, FEEDFORWARD CURRENT (A)
RFF = 1.0 M
525
70
7.0
6.5
65
CHARGE
6.0
60
5.5
55
DISCHARGE
5.0
50
4.5
45
4.0
40
3.5
35
3.0
−50
−25
0
25
50
75
100
30
125 150
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 19. Maximum Duty Cycle versus
Junction Temperature
Figure 20. Soft−Start Charge/Discharge
Currents versus Junction Temperature
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400
90
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
100
50
−50
50
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
18
9
−50
0
ISS(D), SOFT−START DISCHARGE CURRENT (mA)
DCMAX, MAXIMUM DUTY CYCLE (%)
FEEDFORWARD INTERNAL RESISTANCE (k)
285
−50
TJ = 25°C
DC [ 50%
500
310
NCP1280
50
VEA(L), PWM COMPARATOR LOWER
INPUT THRESHOLD (V)
RIN(VEA), VEA INPUT RESISTANCE (k)
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
40
30
20
10
0
−50
−25
25
0
50
75
125
100
150
0.85
0.75
0.65
0.55
0.45
0.35
−50
−25
Figure 21. VEA Input Resistance versus
Junction Temperature
75
100
125
150
350
tD, OUTPUTS OVERLAP DELAY (ns)
VREF, REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V)
50
Figure 22. PWM Comparator Lower Input
Threshold versus Junction Temperature
5.03
5.01
IREF = 0 mA
4.99
IREF = 6 mA
4.97
4.95
4.93
−50
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
300
RD = 1 M, LEADING
250
200
150
RD = 60 k, LEADING
100
50
0
−50
−25
LEADING
TJ = 25°C
200
175
TRAILING
150
125
100
75
0
200
400
600
25
50
75
100
125
150
Figure 24. Outputs Overlap Delay versus
Junction Temperature
800
1000
RSNK/SRC OUTPUTS DRIVE RESISTANCE ()
225
0
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 23. Reference Voltage versus Junction
Temperature
tD, OUTPUTS OVERLAP DELAY (ns)
25
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
50
0
200
160
VAUX = 12 V
RMDP = 100 k
120
RSRC (VEA = 0 V, VOUT = 10 V)
80
40
RSNK (VEA = 3 V, VOUT = 2 V)
0
−50
RD, DELAY RESISTOR (k)
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 25. Outputs Overlap Delay versus
Delay Resistor
Figure 26. Outputs Drive Resistance Voltage
versus Junction Temperature
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NCP1280
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
35
Measured from 10% to 90% of VOH
VAUX = 12 V
70
TJ = 125°C
TJ = 25°C
60
toff, OUTPUTS FALL TIME (ns)
ton, OUTPUTS RISE TIME (ns)
80
50
40
30
TJ = −40°C
20
10
0
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
Measured from 90% to 10% of VOH
30 VAUX = 12 V
20
TJ = 25°C
15
10
TJ = −40°C
5
0
200
TJ = 125°C
25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
CL, LOAD CAPACITANCE (pF)
CL, LOAD CAPACITANCE (pF)
Figure 27. Outputs Rise Time versus Load
Capacitance
Figure 28. Outputs Fall Time versus Load
Capacitance
200
DETAILED OPERATING DESCRIPTION
High Voltage Startup Regulator
The NCP1280 contains an internal 700 V startup regulator
that eliminates the need for external startup components. In
addition, this regulator increases the efficiency of the supply
as it uses no power when in the normal mode of operation,
but instead uses power supplied by an auxiliary winding.
The startup regulator consists of a constant current source
that supplies current from the input line voltage (Vin) to the
capacitor on the VAUX pin (CAUX). The startup current is
typically 13.8 mA. Once VAUX reaches 11 V, the startup
regulator turns OFF and the outputs are enabled. When VAUX
reaches 7 V, the outputs are disabled and the startup regulator
turns ON. This “7−11” mode of operation is known as
Dynamic Self Supply (DSS). The VAUX pin can be biased
externally above 7 V once the outputs are enabled to prevent
the startup regulator from turning ON. It is recommended to
bias the VAUX pin using an auxiliary supply generated by an
auxiliary winding from the power transformer. An
independent voltage supply can also be used. If using an
independent voltage supply and VAUX is biased before the
outputs are enabled or while a fault is present, the One Shot
Pulse Generator (Figure 2) will not be enabled and the
outputs will remain OFF.
As the DSS sources current to the VAUX pin, a diode should
be placed between CAUX and the auxiliary supply as shown
in Figure 29. This will allow the NCP1280 to charge CAUX
while preventing the startup regulator from sourcing current
into the auxiliary supply.
Introduction
An NCP1280 based system offers significant efficiency
improvements and system cost savings over a converter
using a traditional forward topology. The NCP1280
provides two control outputs. OUT1 controls the primary
switch of a forward converter. OUT2 has an adjustable
overlap delay, which can be used to control an active
clamp/reset switch or any other complementary drive
topology, such as an asymmetric half−bridge. In addition,
OUT2 can be used to control a synchronous rectifier
topology, eliminating the need of external control circuitry.
Other distinctive features include: two mode overcurrent
protection, line under/overvoltage detectors, fast line
feedforward, soft−start and a maximum duty cycle limit.
The Functional Block Diagram is shown in Figure 2.
The features included in the NCP1280 provide some of
the advantages of Current−Mode Control, such as fast line
feedforward, and cycle by cycle current limit. It eliminates
the disadvantages of low power jitter, slope compensation
and noise susceptibility.
Active Clamp Topology
The transformer reset voltage in a traditional forward
converter is set by the turns ratio and input voltage. Where
as the reset voltage of an active clamp topology is constant
over the converter off time and only depends on the input
voltage and duty cycle. This translates into a lower voltage
stress on the main switch, allowing the use of lower voltage
MOSFETs. In general, lower voltage MOSFETs have lower
cost and ON resistance. Therefore, lower system cost and
higher efficiency can be achieved. In addition, the lower
voltage stress allows the converter to operate at a higher duty
cycle for a given primary switch voltage stress. This allows
a reduction in primary peak current and secondary side
voltage stress as well as smaller secondary inductor size.
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NCP1280
Vin
ISTART
ISTART
IAUX
Line Under/Overvoltage Shutdown
The NCP1280 incorporates line undervoltage and
overvoltage shutdown (UV/OV) circuits. The under voltage
(UV) threshold is 1.52 V and the overvoltage threshold
(OV) is 3.61 V, for a ratio of 1:2.4. If the input voltage range
exceeds the pre−set OV threshold, the OV function can be
disabled by connecting a Zener from this pin to ground. The
Zener voltage should be less than 3.6 V.
The UV/OV circuit can be biased using an external
resistor divider from the input line. The resistor divider must
be sized to enable the controller once Vin is within the
required operating range. If the UV or OV threshold is
reached, the soft−start capacitor is discharged, and the
outputs are immediately disabled with no overlap delay as
shown in Figure 30. Also, if an UV condition is detected, the
5.0 V Reference Supply is disabled.
To auxiliary supply
VAUX
CAUX
Isupply
Disable
Figure 29. Recommended VAUX Configuration
Power to the controller while operating in the self−bias or
DSS mode is provided by CAUX. Therefore, CAUX must be
sized such that a VAUX voltage greater than 7 V is
maintained while the outputs are switching and the
converter reaches regulation. Also, the VAUX discharge time
(from 11 V to 7 V) must be greater that the soft−start charge
period to assure the converter turns ON.
The startup circuit is rated at a maximum voltage of 700 V.
If the device operates in the DSS mode, power dissipation
should be controlled to avoid exceeding the maximum
power dissipation of the controller.
VAUX(on)
VAUX
VAUX(off)
0V
VOV
UV/OV Voltage
VUV
0V
UV or OV Fault
Propagation delay to
outputs (tUV or tOV)
OUT2
0V
OUT1
0V
Figure 30. UV/OV Fault Timing Diagram
The UV/OV pin can also be used to implement a remote
enable/disable function. Biasing the UV/OV pin below its
UV threshold disables the converter.
Once the UV or OV condition is removed and VAUX
reaches 11 V, the controller initiates a soft−start cycle.
Figure 31 shows the relationship between the UV/OV
voltage, the outputs and the soft−start voltage.
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NCP1280
SOFT−START
VAUX(on)
VAUX
VAUX(off)
0V
2V
UV/OV Voltage
0V
Soft−Start Voltage
0V
OUT2
0V
OUT1
0V
Figure 31. Soft−Start Timing Diagram (Using Auxiliary Winding)
Feedforward Ramp Generator
The NCP1280 incorporates line feedforward (FF) to
compensate for changes in line voltage. A FF Ramp
proportional to Vin is generated and compared to VEA. If the
line voltage changes, the FF Ramp slope changes
accordingly. The duty cycle will be adjusted immediately
instead of waiting for the line voltage change to propagate
around the system and be reflected back on VEA.
A resistor between Vin and the FF pin (RFF) sets the
feedforward current (IFF). The FF Ramp is generated by
charging an internal 10 pF capacitor (CFF) with a constant
current proportional to IFF. The FF Ramp is finished
(capacitor is discharged) once the Oscillator Ramp reaches
2.0 V. Please refer to Figure 2 for a functional drawing of the
Feedforward Ramp generator.
IFF is usually a few hundred microamps, depending on the
operating frequency and the required duty cycle. If the
operating frequency and maximum duty cycle are known,
IFF is calculated using the equation below:
IFF +
Figure 18 shows the relationship between IFF and DCMAX.
For example, if a system is designed to operate at 200 kHz,
with a 60% maximum duty cycle at 100 V, the DCMAX pin
can be grounded and IFF is calculated as follows:
1
T+1+
+ 5.0 s
f
200 kHz
ton(max) + DCMAX
IFF +
+
CFF
T + 0.6
VDC(inv)
6.7 k
5.0 s + 3.0 s
125 k
ton(max)
10 pF 0.888 V 125 k
+ 55.2 A
6.7 k 3.0 s
For a minimum line voltage of 100 V, the required
feedforward resistor is calculated using the equation below:
100 V
V
RFF + in * 12.0 k +
* 12.0 k [ 1.82 M
IFF
55.2 A
From the above calculations it can be observed that IFF is
controlled predominantly by the value of RFF, as the
resistance seen into the FF pin is only 12 k. If a tight
maximum duty cycle control overtemperature is required,
RFF should have a low thermal coefficient.
CFF
VDC(inv) 125 k
6.7 k ton(max)
where VDC(inv) is the voltage on the inverting input of the
Max DC Comparator and ton(max) is the maximum ON time.
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NCP1280
Current Limit
The NCP1280 has two overcurrent protection modes,
cycle by cycle and cycle skip. It allows the NCP1280 to
handle momentary and hard shorts differently for the best
tradeoff in performance and safety. The outputs are disabled
typically 90 ns after a current limit fault is detected.
The cycle by cycle mode terminates the conduction cycle
(reducing the duty cycle) if the voltage on the CS pin
exceeds 0.48 V. If the voltage on the CS pin exceeds 0.57 V,
the converter enters the cycle skip (CSKIP) mode. While in
the CSKIP mode, the soft−start capacitor is discharged and
the converter is disabled by a time determined by the CSKIP
timer.
VAUX(on)
VAUX
VAUX(off)
NORMAL
OPERATION
ILIM1 ILIM2
The CSKIP timer is set by immediately discharging the
capacitor on the CSKIP pin (CCSKIP), and then charging it
with a constant current source of 12.3 A. The cycle skip
period ends when the voltage on the cycle skip capacitor
reaches 2.0 V. The cycle skip capacitor is calculated using
the equation below:
CCSKIP [
TCSKIP
12.3 A
2V
Using the above equation, a cycle skip period of 11.0 s
requires a cycle skip capacitor of 68 pF. The differences
between the cycle by cycle and cycle skip modes are
observed in Figure 32.
SOFT−START
RESET
NORMAL
OPERATION
0V
OUT2
0V
OUT1
0V
ILIM2
ILIM1
CS Voltage
0V
TCSKIP
0V
Cycle Skip
Voltage
Figure 32. Overcurrent Faults Timing Diagram
Once the cycle skip period is complete and VAUX reaches
11 V, a soft−start sequence commences. The possible
minimum OFF time is set by CCSKIP. However, the actual
OFF time is generally greater than CCSKIP because it is the
cycle skip period added to the time it takes VAUX to reach
11 V.
The voltage on the RT pin is laser trim adjusted during
manufacturing to 1.3 V for an RT of 101 k. A current set
by RT generates an Oscillator Ramp by charging an internal
10 pF capacitor as shown in Figure 2. The period ends
(capacitor is discharged) once the Oscillator Ramp reaches
2.0 V. If RT increases, the current and the Oscillator Ramp
slope decrease, thus reducing the frequency. If RT decreases,
the opposite effect is obtained. Figure 16 shows the
relationship between RT and the oscillator frequency.
Oscillator
The NCP1280 oscillator frequency is set by a single
external resistor connected between the RT pin and GND.
The oscillator is designed to operate up to 500 kHz.
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NCP1280
Maximum Duty Cycle
A dedicated internal comparator limits the maximum ON
time of OUT1 by comparing the FF Ramp to VDC(inv). If the
FF Ramp voltage exceeds VDC(inv), the output of the Max
DC Comparator goes high. This will reset the Output Latch,
thus turning OFF the outputs and limiting the duty cycle.
Duty cycle is defined as:
t
DC + on + ton
T
5.0 V Reference
The NCP1280 includes a precision 5.0 V reference output.
The reference output is biased directly from VAUX and it can
supply up to 6 mA. Load regulation is 50 mV and line
regulation is 100 mV over the complete operating range.
It is recommended to bypass the reference output with a
0.1 F ceramic capacitor. The reference output is disabled
when an UV fault is present.
f
PWM Comparator
In steady state operation, the PWM comparator adjusts the
duty cycle by comparing the error signal to the FF Ramp.
The error signal is fed into the VEA input. The VEA input can
be driven directly with an optocoupler and a pullup resistor
from VREF. The drive of the VEA pin is simplified by
internally incorporating a series diode and resistor. The
series diode provides a 0.7 V offset between VEA input and
the PWM comparator inverting input. The outputs are
enabled if the VEA voltage is approximately 0.7 above the
valley voltage of the FF Ramp.
The pullup resistor is selected such that in the absence of
the error signal, the voltage on the VEA pin exceeds the peak
amplitude of the FF Ramp. Otherwise, the converter will not
be able to reach maximum duty cycle. The VEA range
required to control the DC from 0% to DCMAX is given by
the equation below:
Therefore, the maximum ON time can be set to yield the
desired DC if the operating frequency is known. The
maximum ON time is set by adjusting the FF Ramp to reach
VDC(inv) in a time equal to ton(max) as shown in Figure 33.
The maximum ON time should be set for the minimum line
voltage. As line voltage increases, the slope of the FF Ramp
increases. This reduces the duty cycle below DCMAX, which
is a desirable feature as the duty cycle is inversely
proportional to line voltage.
Oscillator Ramp
2V
0V
T
FF Ramp
VEA(L) t VEA t
VDC(inv)
0V
where, VEA(L) is the PWM comparator lower input
threshold.
ton(max)
Figure 33. Maximum ON Time Limit Waveforms
Soft−Start
Soft−start (SS) allows the converter to gradually reach
steady state operation, thus reducing startup stress and
surges on the system. The duty cycle is limited during a
soft−start sequence by comparing the Oscillator Ramp to the
SS voltage (VSS) by means of the Soft−Start Comparator.
A 6.2 A current source starts to charge the capacitor on
the SS pin once faults are removed and VAUX reaches 11 V.
The Soft−Start Comparator controls the duty cycle while the
SS voltage is below 2.0 V. Once VSS reaches 2.0 V, it exceeds
the Oscillator Ramp voltage and the Soft−Start Comparator
does not limit the duty cycle. Figure 34 shows the
relationship between the outputs duty cycle and the
soft−start voltage.
An internal resistor divider from a 2.0 V reference is used
to set VDC(inv). If the DCMAX pin is grounded, VDC(inv) is
0.88 V. If the pin is floating, VDC(inv) is 1.19 V. This is
equivalent to 60% or 80% of a 1.5 V FF Ramp. VDC(inv) can
be adjusted to other values by using an external resistor
network on the DCMAX pin. For example, if the minimum
line voltage is 100 V, RFF is 1.82 M, operating frequency
is 200 kHz and a maximum duty cycle of 70% is required,
VDC(inv) is calculated as follows:
VDC(inv) +
VDC(inv) +
IFF
6.7 k
CFF
IFF DC
ǒ186.56
) VEA(L)Ǔ
pf f
ton(max)
125 k
55.2 A 6.7 k 3.5 s
+1.04 V
10 pF 125 k
This can be achieved by connecting a 19.6 k resistor
from the DCMAX pin to GND. The maximum duty cycle
limit can be disabled connecting a 100 k resistor between
the DCMAX and VREF pins.
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NCP1280
Oscillator
Ramp
Generally, OUT1 controls the main switching element.
Output 2, once inverted, can control a synchronous rectifier.
The overlap delay prevents simultaneous conduction.
Output 2 can also be used to control an active clamp reset.
Once VAUX reaches 11 V, the internal startup circuit is
disabled and the One Shot Pulse Generator is enabled. If no
faults are present, the outputs turn ON. Otherwise, the
outputs remain OFF until the fault is removed and VAUX
reaches 11 V again.
The control outputs are biased from VAUX. The outputs
can supply up to 10 mA each and their high state voltage is
usually 0.2 V below VAUX. Therefore, the auxiliary supply
voltage should not exceed the maximum input voltage of the
driver stage.
If the control outputs need to drive a large capacitive load,
a driver should be used between the NCP1280 and the load.
ON Semiconductor’s MC33152 is a good selection for an
integrated driver. Figures 27 and 28 shows the relationship
between the output’s rise and fall times vs capacitive load.
VSS
OUT2
OUT1
Figure 34. Soft−Start Timing Diagram
If the soft−start period is too long, VAUX will discharge to
7 V before the converter output is completely in regulation
causing the outputs to be disabled. If the converter output is
not completely discharged when the outputs are re−enabled,
the converter will eventually reach regulation exhibiting a
non−monotonic startup behavior. But, if the converter
output is completely discharged when the outputs are
re−enabled, the cycle may repeat and the converter will not
start.
In the event of an UV, OV, or cycle skip fault, the soft−start
capacitor is discharged. Once the fault is removed, a
soft−start cycle commences. The soft−start steady state
voltage is approximately 4.1 V.
Time Delay
The overlap delay between the outputs is set connecting
a resistor (RD) between the tD and VREF pins. A minimum
overlap delay of 80 ns is obtained when RD is 60 k. If RD
is not present, the delay is 200 ns.
The output duty cycle can be adjusted from 0% to 85%
selecting appropriate values of RFF and VDC(inv). It should
be noted that the overlap delay may cause OUT2 to reach
100% duty cycle. Therefore, if OUT2 is used, the maximum
duty cycle of OUT2 needs to be kept below 100%. The
maximum overlap delay, tD(max), depends on the maximum
duty cycle and frequency of operation. The maximum
overlap delay is calculated using the equation below.
Control Outputs
The NCP1280 has two in−phase control outputs, OUT1
and OUT2, with adjustable overlap delay (tD). OUT2
precedes OUT1 during a low to high transition and OUT1
precedes OUT2 at any high to low transition. Figure 35
shows the relationship between OUT1 and OUT2.
tD(max) v
tD (Leading)
tD (Trailing)
(1 * DC)
2ƒ
For example, if the converter operates at a frequency of
300 kHz with a maximum duty cycle of 80%, the maximum
allowed overlap delay is 333 ns. However, this is a
theoretical limit and variations over the complete operating
range should be considered when selecting the overlap
delay.
OUT1
OUT2
Figure 35. Control Outputs Timing Diagram
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NCP1280
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
SO−16
D SUFFIX
CASE 751B−05
ISSUE J
NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI
Y14.5M, 1982.
2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER.
3. DIMENSIONS A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE
MOLD PROTRUSION.
4. MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION 0.15 (0.006)
PER SIDE.
5. DIMENSION D DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR
PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE DAMBAR
PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.127 (0.005) TOTAL
IN EXCESS OF THE D DIMENSION AT
MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION.
−A−
16
9
−B−
1
P
8 PL
0.25 (0.010)
8
M
B
S
G
R
K
F
X 45 _
C
−T−
SEATING
PLANE
J
M
D
16 PL
0.25 (0.010)
M
T B
S
A
DIM
A
B
C
D
F
G
J
K
M
P
R
MILLIMETERS
MIN
MAX
9.80
10.00
3.80
4.00
1.35
1.75
0.35
0.49
0.40
1.25
1.27 BSC
0.19
0.25
0.10
0.25
0_
7_
5.80
6.20
0.25
0.50
INCHES
MIN
MAX
0.386
0.393
0.150
0.157
0.054
0.068
0.014
0.019
0.016
0.049
0.050 BSC
0.008
0.009
0.004
0.009
0_
7_
0.229
0.244
0.010
0.019
S
The product described herein (NCP1280) may be covered by one or more U.S. patents. There may be other patents pending.
ON Semiconductor and
are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice
to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability
arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages.
“Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All
operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. SCILLC does not convey any license under its patent rights
nor the rights of others. SCILLC products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications
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NCP1280/D