TPS60251 www.ti.com SLVS767 – APRIL 2007 HIGH EFFICIENCY CHARGE PUMP FOR 7 WLEDs WITH I2C INTERFACE FEATURES APPLICATIONS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 3.0-V to 6.0-V Input Voltage Range ×1 and ×1.5 Charge Pump Fully Programmable Current with I2C – 64 Dimming Steps with 25mA Maximum (Sub and Main Display Banks) – 4 Dimming Steps with 80mA Maximum (DM5 for Auxiliary Application) 2% Current Matching for Sub LEDs at Light Load Condition (Each 100µA) 750-kHz Charge Pump Frequency Continuous 230-mA Maximum Output Current Auto Switching Between ×1 and ×1.5 Mode for Maximum Efficiency Built-in Soft Start and Current Limit Hardware Enable/Disable Open Lamp Detection 24-Pin 4mm x 4mm QFN Cellular Phones PDA, PMP, GPS (Up To 4 Inch Display) Multidisplay Handheld Devices DESCRIPTION The TPS60251 is a high efficiency, constant frequency charge pump DC/DC converter that uses a dual mode 1× and 1.5× conversion to maximize efficiency over the input voltage range. It drives up to five white LEDs for a main display and up to two white LEDs for a sub display with regulated constant current for uniform intensity. By utilizing adaptive 1×/1.5× charge pump modes and very low-dropout current regulators, the TPS60251 achieves high efficiency over the full 1-cell lithium-battery input voltage range. Four enable inputs, ENmain, ENsub1, ENsub2, and ENaux, available through I2C, are used for simple on/off controls for the main, sub1, sub2, and DM5 displays, respectively. To lower operating current when using one sub display LED, the device provides independent operation in sub display LEDs. The TPS60251 is available in a 24-pin 4mmx4mm thin QFN. Main Display 95 90 85 IS DM4 DM3 DM 2 DM1 NC NC-G C 2+ C2 1uF C3 1uF C2- GND C 1+ GND VOUT C4 4.7uF VIN C1 1uF Efficiency - % GND C 1- SDAT ENA NC Auxiliary Port for Key Pad or Flash Light VIO DS 1 DS 2 DM5 75 70 65 60 SCLK 55 1.8V for I /O Input 2 80 4 Main LED - 15 mA, VF = 3.1 V 50 I C Interface 3 Sub Display 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 VI - Input Voltage - V Figure 1. Typical Application for Sub and Main Figure 2. Efficiency vs Input Voltage ORDERING INFORMATION (1) (1) PART NUMBER PACKAGE TA TPS60251RTW 24 Pin 4 mm × 4 mm QFN (RTW) –40°C to +85°C For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document, or see the TI web site at www.ti.com. Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS60251 www.ti.com SLVS767 – APRIL 2007 These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) (1) VI VALUE UNIT –0.3 to 7 V 650 mA 2 kV CDM ESD Rating (3) 500 V MM ESD Rating (4) 200 V –40 to 85 °C 150 °C –55 to 150 °C Input voltage range (all pins) MAX Output current limit HBM ESD Rating (2) TA Operating temperature range TJ Maximum operating junction temperature TST Storage temperature (1) (2) (3) (4) Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. The Human body model (HBM) is a 100-pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5-kΩ resistor into each pin. The testing is done according JEDECs EIA/JESD22-A114. Charged Device Model Machine Model (MM) is a 200-pF capacitor discharged through a 500-nH inductor with no series resistor into each pin. The testing is done according JEDECs EIA/JESD22-A115. DISSIPATION RATINGS PACKAGE THERMAL RESISTANCE, RθJC THERMAL RESISTANCE, RθJA TA ≤ 25°C POWER RATING DERATING FACTOR ABOVE TA = 25°C TA = 85°C POWER RATING QFN 4×4 RTW 57.9°C/W 37.8°C/W 2.646 W 1.455 W 1.058 W RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS MIN NOM 3.0 MAX 6.0 UNIT VI Input voltage range V IO(max) Maximum output current 230 mA CI Input capacitor 1.0 µF CO Output capacitor 4.7 µF C1, C2 Flying capacitor TA Operating ambient temperature –40 85 TJ Operating junction temperature –40 125 °C CIS(MAX) Maximum capacitance on IS pin 100 pF µF 1.0 °C ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS VI = 3.5 V, TA = –40°C to 85°C, RIS = 562 kΩ, typical values are at TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT SUPPLY VOLTAGE VI 3.0 750-kHz Switching in 1.5× Mode (IMAIN_LED = 15 mA × 4, IO = 60 mA) 6.0 V 6.7 mA IQ Operating quiescent current No switching in ×1 mode (IO = 100 µA) 68 µA ISD Shutdown current Enable Control Register has 0x00 1.3 µA VUVLO1 UVLO Threshold voltage1 (1) VI falling 2.6 V (1) 2 Input voltage range Shut down charge pump and power stage and keep I2C content Submit Documentation Feedback 2.2 2.4 TPS60251 www.ti.com SLVS767 – APRIL 2007 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) VI = 3.5 V, TA = –40°C to 85°C, RIS = 562 kΩ, typical values are at TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS VUVLO2 UVLO Threshold voltage2 (2) VI falling Vhys Under-voltage lockout hysterisis UVLO1 VENA_H Enable high threshold voltage VENA_L Enable low threshold voltage Soft start time (3) TS MIN TYP MAX 1.2 1.3 1.5 210 1.5 VI = 3 V, CO = 1 µF, IMAIN_LED = 15 mA × 4 UNIT V mV VI V 0.4 V 0.5 ms CHARGE PUMP Vout Overvoltage limit 6.5 V Fs Switching frequency 750 kHz RO Open loop output impedance ×1 Mode, (VI– VO)/IO 1.2 × 1.5 Mode, (VI× 1.5 – VO)/IO VI = 3.0V (IO = 120mA) 3.5 5.0 0 ±2% ±1% ±5% Ω CURRENT SINK ISUB_LED = 100 µA × 2, VDXX = 0.4 V Km_sub Current matching of sub LEDs at light load condition (4) Km_main LED to LED Current matching (5) IMAIN_LED = 15 mA × 4, 3.0 V ≤ VI ≤ 4.2 V Ka Current accuracy ILED = 15 mA ID_MS Maximum LED current of DM1-4 and DS1-2 Main and Sub Display Current Register = 0×01&2(111111), VDXX = 0.2 V ID_DM5 Maximum LED current of DM5 Aux Display Current Register = 0×03 (XXXX11), VDM5 = 0.4 V VIS IS Pin voltage 3.0V ≤ VI≤ 6.0V Output current to current set ratio sub LEDs Isub ±6% 1.229 25.5 mA 80 mA 1.254 ILED = 100 µA (6) 44.8 ILED = 15 mA(6) 6722 µA(6) 44.8 Imain Output current to current set ratio main LEDs ILED = 100 ILED = 15 mA(6) 6722 IDM5 Output current to current set ratio DM5 ILED = 80 mA(6) 35853 VDropOut LED Drop out voltage See VTH_GU 1× Mode to 1.5× mode transition threshold voltage (8) VDXX Falling, 15 mA × 4 measured on the lowest VDXX VTH_GD Input voltage hysteresis for 1.5× to 1× mode transition Measured as VI– (VO– VDXX_MIN), IMAIN_LED = 15 mA × 4 (7) 85 1.279 V 80 120 mV 100 120 mV 470 mV SERIAL INTERFACE TIMING REQUIREMENTS fmax Clock frequency twH(HIGH) Pulse duration, clock high time 600 twL(LOW) Pulse duration, clock low time 1300 tr DATA and CLK rise time 300 ns tf DATA and CLK fall time 300 ns th(STA) High time (repeated) START condition(after this period the first clock pulse is generated) 600 ns tsu(STA) Setup time for repeated START condition 600 ns th(DATA) Data input hold time 0 ns (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) 400 kHz ns ns Shut down completely and come up with all 0's after device restart Measurement Condition: From enabling the LED driver to 90% output voltage after VI is already up. LED current matching is defined as: (ISUB_LED_WORST – IAVG_SUB) / IAVG_SUB LED to LED Current Matching is defined as: (IMAIN_LED_WORST – IAVG_MAIN) / IAVG_MAIN See the Setting the LED Current section of the data sheet for details on calculating LED current given by dimming step and RIS. Dropout Voltage is defined as VDXX (WLED Cathode) to GND voltage at which current into the LED drops 10% from the LED current at VDXX = 0.2 V, WLED current = 15 mA × 4. As VI drops, VDXX eventually falls below the switchover threshold of 100mV, and TPS60251 switches to 1.5× mode. See the Operating Principle section for details about the mode transition thresholds. Submit Documentation Feedback 3 TPS60251 www.ti.com SLVS767 – APRIL 2007 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) VI = 3.5 V, TA = –40°C to 85°C, RIS = 562 kΩ, typical values are at TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT tsu(DATA) Data input setup time 100 ns tsu(STO) STOP condition setup time 600 ns t(BUF) Bus free time 1300 ns I2C COMPATIBLE INTERFACE VOLTAGE SPECIFICATION (SCLK, SDAT, VIO) VIO Serial bus voltage level 1.8 4.5 V VIL Low-leveI input voltage 3.0V ≤ VI ≤ 6.0V 0 0.45×VIO V VIH High-level input voltage 3.0V ≤ VI ≤ 6.0V 0.87×VIO VOL Low-level output voltage ILOAD = 2 mA V 0.4 V PIN ASSIGNMENTS QFN 24-PIN RTW 4mm x 4mm (TOP VIEW) GND IS DM4 DM3 DM 2 DM1 C1- 18 19 17 C2+ 13 12 NC 20 11 NC C2- 21 10 GND C1+ 22 9 GND VOUT 23 8 NC VIN 24 7 VIO 1 2 16 3 15 4 14 5 6 SCLK SDAT ENA DS1 DS2 DM5 TERMINAL FUNCTIONS TERMINAL 4 I/O DESCRIPTION NAME NO. SCLK 1 I I2C Interface SDAT 2 I/O I2C Interface ENA 3 I DS1 4 I DS2 5 I DM5 6 I Current sink input. Connect the cathode of the aux display or the 5th main display white LED to this pin. VIO 7 I I/O Voltage input (1.8V). Connect an input voltage supply of 1.8V to VIN to set the logic levels for the I2C interface. NC 8, 11, 12 – No connection GND 9, 10, 18 – Ground DM1 13 I DM2 14 I DM3 15 I DM4 16 I Hardware enable/disable pin. Connect this pin high to enable the device. Connect this pin low to disable the device. Do not leave this pin unconnected. Current sink input. Connect the cathode of one of the sub display white LEDs to this pin. Current sink input. Connect the cathode of one of the main display white LED to this pin. Submit Documentation Feedback TPS60251 www.ti.com SLVS767 – APRIL 2007 TERMINAL FUNCTIONS (continued) TERMINAL NAME NO. I/O DESCRIPTION IS 17 I Maximum LED current setting input. Connect a resistor (RIS) between this pin and GND to set the full-scale white LED current for sub (DS1, DS2), main (DM1, DM2, DM3, DM4), and DM5 LEDs. See the Setting the LED Current section for details on selecting the correct value for RIS. C1– 19 – Connect to the flying capacitor C1 C2+ 20 – Connect to the flying capacitor C2 C2– 21 – Connect to the flying capacitor C2 C1+ 22 – Connect to the flying capacitor C1 VOUT 23 O Connect the anodes of the sub, main, and aux display white LEDs to this pin. Bypass VOUT to GND with a 4.7-µF or greater ceramic capacitor. VIN 24 I Supply voltage input. Connect to a 3-V to 6-V input supply source. Bypass VIN to GND with a 1-µF or greater ceramic capacitor. Submit Documentation Feedback 5 TPS60251 www.ti.com SLVS767 – APRIL 2007 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM VIN 24 C 1+ C2 - C 2 + C1 - 22 21 20 VOUT DM4 DM3 DM2 DM1 23 16 15 14 13 19 1X, 1.5X CHARGE PUMP GEAR CONTROL & OPEN LAMP DETECTION 2 I C INTERFACE ENold 5 DS2 4 DS1 6 DM5 9 GND 10 GND 18 GND ENmain Main Dimming 6 ENsub1 ENsub 2 Sub Dimming SCLK 1 ENaux AUX Dimming SDAT 6 6 2 BIAS, TEST, & MONITORING 3 7 17 ENA VIO IS TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS TABLE OF GRAPHS DESCRIPTION Efficiency Output Impedance of ×1 and ×1.5 Mode 6 REF Efficiency vs Input Voltage, 4 Main LED - 15mA, 25mA Figure 3 Efficiency vs Input Voltage, 2 Sub LED with Light Load Condition, ×1 Mode Operation Figure 4 Switch Resistance vs Free-Air Temperature, ×1 Mode, ILED = 230 mA Figure 5 Switch Resistance vs Free-Air Temperature, ×1 Mode, ILED = 100 mA Figure 6 Switch Resistance vs Free-Air Temperature, ×1.5 Mode Charge Pump Open-Loop , ILED = 230 mA Figure 7 Switch Resistance vs Free-Air Temperature, ×1.5 Mode Charge Pump Open-Loop, ILED = 100 mA Figure 8 Submit Documentation Feedback TPS60251 www.ti.com SLVS767 – APRIL 2007 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) DESCRIPTION REF Shutdown Current Shutdown Current vs Input Voltage Figure 9 Input Current Input Current vs Supply Voltage, 4 Main LED Figure 10 DM5 with Maximum 80 mA DM5 Current vs Input Voltage, Programmed with 80 mA Figure 11 Current Accuracy WLED Current vs Input Voltage, 4 Main LED with 15 mA Figure 12 EFFICIENCY vs INPUT VOLTAGE (2 Sub LED with Light Load Condition, × 1 Mode Operation) EFFICIENCY vs INPUT VOLTAGE (4 Main LED - 15mA, 25mA) 100 90 25 mA, VF = 3.79 V 80 1 mA, VF = 2.8 V Efficiency - % Efficiency - % 80 70 60 0.5 mA, VF = 2.7 V 60 0.2 mA, VF = 2.6 V 40 15 mA, VF = 3.43 V 50 20 3 4 5 6 VI - Input Voltage - V 3 5 VI - Input Voltage - V Figure 3. Figure 4. SWITCH RESISTANCE vs FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE (×1 Mode) SWITCH RESISTANCE vs FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE (×1 Mode) 4 6 1.15 1.10 1.10 ILED = 230 mA ILED = 100 mA VI = 3.3 V 1.05 VI = 3.3 V Switch Resistance - W Switch Resistance - W 1.05 1 VI = 3.6 V 0.95 0.90 VI = 3.9 V 0.85 1 VI = 3.6 V 0.95 0.90 0.85 0.80 VI = 3.9 V 0.80 0.75 0.75 0.70 0.70 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 0.65 -40 TA - Free-Air Temperature - °C Figure 5. -20 0 20 40 TA - Free-Air Temperature - °C 60 80 Figure 6. Submit Documentation Feedback 7 TPS60251 www.ti.com SLVS767 – APRIL 2007 SWITCH RESISTANCE vs FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE (×1.5 Mode Charge Pump Open-Loop) SWITCH RESISTANCE vs FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE (×1.5 Mode Charge Pump Open-Loop) 3.8 3.8 ILED = 230 mA ILED = 100 mA 3.6 Switch Resistance - W Switch Resistance - W 3.6 VI = 3 V 3.4 3.2 3 3.4 VI = 3 V 3.2 3 2.8 2.8 -40 -20 40 20 TA - Free-Air Temperature - °C 0 60 2.6 -40 80 -20 0 20 40 60 80 TA - Free-Air Temperature - °C Figure 7. Figure 8. SHUTDOWN CURRENT vs INPUT VOLTAGE INPUT CURRENT vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE (4 Main LED) 10 0.16 0.15 ICC - Input Current - A Shutdown Current - mA 8 6 4 TA = 85°C TA = 25°C TA = -40°C 2 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.11 25 mA 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 15 mA 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 2 mA 0.01 0 3 5 4 6 3 Figure 9. 8 4 5 VI - Input Voltage - V VI - Input Voltage - V Figure 10. Submit Documentation Feedback 6 TPS60251 www.ti.com SLVS767 – APRIL 2007 DM5 CURRENT vs INPUT VOLTAGE (Programmed with 80 mA) WLED CURRENT vs INPUT VOLTAGE (4 Main LED with 15 mA) 0.08 0.016 0.07 0.014 0.06 0.012 WLED Current - A DM5 Current - A DM2 0.05 0.04 VDM5 = 0.4 V 0.03 0.02 VDM5 = 0.35 V VDM5 = 0.3 V VDM5 = 0.15 V VDM5 = 0.25 V 0.01 VDM5 = 0.1 V VDM5 = 0.2 V VDM5 = 0.05 V DM1 DM3 DM4 0.010 0.008 0.006 0.004 0.002 0 2.5 3 3.5 VI - Input Voltage - V 4 0 3 4 5 6 VI - Input Voltage - V Figure 11. Figure 12. Submit Documentation Feedback 9 TPS60251 www.ti.com SLVS767 – APRIL 2007 APPLICATION INFORMATION APPLICATION OVERVIEW Most of the current handsets fall into one of three categories. First is the clamshell design, with a main display on the inside, a secondary display on the outside and a keypad backlight. Second is the bar design, with a main display and a keypad backlight. Third is the slide type (slide-up and slide-down) design, with a main display and two keypad banks (inside and outside). The TPS60251 is well suited for use in these three major phone designs because it has 7 individually regulated white LED current paths for driving up to five white LEDs in main display and up to two white LEDs in sub display with regulated constant current for uniform intensity. The main and sub display LED channels drive up to 25mA and an auxiliary LED output (DM5) drives up to 80mA that can be assigned for keypad backlight, torch light or low cost/weak camera flash application using the I2C interface. The TPS60251 circuit uses only 5 external components: the input/output capacitors, 2 chargepump flying capacitors, and one resistor that sets the maximum WLED current. The few external components combined with the small 4mm×4mm QFN package provide for a small total solution size. By combining independent control of three separate banks of backlight LEDs with low cost and weak flash capability, the TPS60251 helps designers minimize power consumption especially in light load conditions while reducing component count and package size. OPERATING PRINCIPLE Charge pumps are becoming increasingly attractive in battery-operated applications where board space and maximum height of the converter are critical constraints. The major advantage of a charge pump is the use of only capacitors as storage elements. The TPS60251 chargepump provides regulated LED current from a 3-V to 6-V input source. It operates in two modes. The 1× mode, where the input is connected to the output through a pass element, and a high efficiency 1.5× charge pump mode. The IC maximizes power efficiency by operating in 1× and 1.5× modes as input voltage and LED current conditions require. The mode of operation is automatically selected by comparing the forward voltage of the WLED plus the voltage of current sink for each LED with the input voltage. The IC starts up in 1× mode, and automatically transitions to 1.5× if the voltage at any current sink input (DM_or DS_) falls below the 100-mV transition voltage. The IC returns to 1× mode as the input rises. Figure 13 provides a visual explanation of the 1× to 1.5× transition. In 1.5× mode, the internal oscillator determines the charge/discharge cycles for the flying capacitors. During a charge cycle, the flying capacitors are connected in series and charged up to the input voltage. After the on-time of the internal oscillator expires, the flying capacitors are reconfigured to be in parallel and then connected in series to the input voltage. This provides an output of 1.5× the input voltage. After the off-time of the internal oscillator expires, another charge cycle initiates and the process repeats. 10 Submit Documentation Feedback TPS60251 www.ti.com SLVS767 – APRIL 2007 APPLICATION INFORMATION (continued) VA VO VI VF CP WLED Driver VDX VI x1 Operating Area x1.5 Operating Area VHYS VB VC Figure 13. Input Voltage Hysteresis Between ×1 and ×1.5 Mode As shown in Figure 13, there is input voltage hysteresis voltage between 1× and 1.5× mode to ensure stable operation during mode transition. For the 1 cell Li-Ion battery input voltage range, the TPS60251 operates in 1× mode when a fully charged battery is installed. Once the battery voltage drops below the VB level, which is the mode transition voltage from 1× to 1.5×, the WLED driver operates in 1.5× mode. Once in 1.5× mode, the battery voltage must rise to the VC level in order to transition from 1.5× to 1×. This hysteresis ensures stable operation when there is some input voltage fluctuation at the 1×/1.5× mode transition. The WLED driver provides a typical 280mV hysteresis voltage (VHYS) that changes based on LED current, to prevent oscillating between modes. The transition voltage, VB, depends on VDX (the mode transition threshold voltage), VF (WLED forward voltage drop) and VA (the drop out voltage of the charge pump stage) and is calculated as follows: VB = VA + VF + VDX VA = ROUT1X× ILEDTOTAL Where ROUT1X is the 1× mode output impedance of the IC. See the Electrical Characteristics table for output impedance specifications. The TPS60251 switches to 1.5× mode when the input voltage is below VB and remains in 1.5× mode as long as the input is lower than VC. 1.5× Mode is exited when the input voltage rises above VC. VC is calculated as: VC = VF + 470 mV The input voltage mode transition hysteresis voltage (VHYS) between 1× and 1.5× is calculated using the following equation. VHYS = VC– VB = 470 mV – VDX– VA, where VDX = 100 mV Note that VA is the key factor in determining VHYS and is dependant on the 1× mode charge pump output impedance and WLED current. Submit Documentation Feedback 11 TPS60251 www.ti.com SLVS767 – APRIL 2007 APPLICATION INFORMATION (continued) LED CURRENT SINKS (DM_, DS_) The TPS60251 has constant current sinks which drive seven individual LED current paths. Each current sink regulates the LED current to a constant value determined by the I2C interface. The internal register addressing allows the LED main channels DM1~DM5 to be controlled independently from the LED sub channels DS1~DS2. The maximum current is programmable by the user (see the Setting the LED Current section). All the LED channels sink up to 25mA of current except DM5 which has an 80-mA maximum current when configured as an auxiliary output. Using the I2C interface, the user may assign DM5 to the main display bank with up to 25-mA current or as an auxiliary output for torch or keypad light or low/weak camera flash with 80-mA current. DM5 has 64 dimming steps which is the main and sub display banks when assigned to the main display. However, it has its own current programming register and enable control. When assigned as an auxiliary, DM5 has 4 dimming steps (full scale, 70%, 40%, 20%). These optimized current sinks minimize the voltage headroom required to drive each LED and maximize power efficiency by increasing the amount of time the controller stays in 1× mode before transitioning to 1.5× mode. OPEN LAMP DETECTION In system production it is often necessary to leave LED current paths open depending on the phone model. For example, one phone may use 2 LEDs to backlight the main display while another uses 4 LEDs. Rather than use two different ICs for these different phone applications, the TPS60251 may be used in both applications with no additional efficiency loss in the 2 LED applications. In traditional LED driver applications when an LED current path is open, the current sink voltage falls to ground and the current regulation circuitry drives the output to a maximum voltage in an attempt to regulate the current for the missing LED path. This severely reduces the system efficiency. The TPS60251 uses 7 internal comparators to detect when an open LED condition occurs and shut down the open current sink. The open lamp detection is enabled/disabled using the I2C interface. ENABLING THE DEVICE The TPS60251 contains a hardware enable input for situations where the IC cannot be disabled using the I2C interface. Connect the EN input high to enable the device for normal operation. Connect EN low to disable the device and place it in a low power shutdown. The hardware enable overrides the I2C enable. When EN is pulled low, the TPS60251 is completely disabled (shutdown mode) and all internal registers are set to 0x00h while the software shutdown using I2C keeps all internal registers. ENABLING THE LED BANKS The I2C interface is used to enable/disable the LED banks. The MAIN, SUB, and AUX LEDs are individually controlled. Additionally, the two SUB LEDs (DS_) can be enabled independently. CAPACITOR SELECTION The TPS60251 is optimized to work with ceramic capacitors with a dielectric of X5R or better. The two flying capacitors must be the same value for proper operation. The 750-kHz switching frequency requires that the flying capacitor be less than 4.7µF. Use of 1-µF ceramic capacitors for both chargepump flying capacitors is recommended. For good input voltage filtering, low ESR ceramic capacitors are recommended. A 1-µF ceramic input capacitor is sufficient for most of the applications. For better input voltage filtering this value can be increased. The output capacitor controls the amount of ripple on the output. Since small ripple is undetectable by the human eye, a 4.7-µF output capacitor works well. If better output filtering and lower ripple is desired, a larger output capacitor may be used. I/O INPUT The input logic low and high threshold voltage for I2C interface is changed by supplying voltage to VIO. The voltage range of VIO is 1.8V to VI. This allows the user to optimize the input logic low and high I2C threshold voltages for the TPS60251 to cover different voltage levels for I2C interface for the various phone models. 12 Submit Documentation Feedback TPS60251 www.ti.com SLVS767 – APRIL 2007 APPLICATION INFORMATION (continued) SETTING THE LED CURRENT The maximum LED current is user programmable using the IS input. Connect a resistor from IS to GND to set the maximum LED current. The resistor value is calculated using the following equation between 2mA and 25.5mA: ILED(mA) + ƪǒ 1.254 ) 1.276 R IS 10 *6 Ǔ ƫ ǒ Step 500 * 1.254 ) 1.276 R IS 3.5 10 *6 10 *6 Ǔ 1714.29 10 6 (1) Where RIS is the resistor from IS to GND, ILED is the LED current in µA and Step is the dimming step set by the I2C interface (1 to 63). ILED may be set up to 25mA (RIS = 562 kΩ). RIS has an effect on the current steps that are programmed using the I2C. When the current is programmed below 1.5mA, the current is determined by the following equation: ǒ ILED(mA) + 1.254 ) 1.276 R IS 10 *6 Ǔ Step 100 3.5 10 *6 (2) This equation provides a greater resolution in current steps at lower currents. STEP ILED STEP ILED STEP ILED STEP ILED 1 100µA 17 2.5mA 33 10.5mA 49 18.5mA 2 200µA 18 3.0mA 34 11.0mA 50 19.0mA 3 300µA 19 3.5mA 35 11.5mA 51 19.5mA 4 400µA 20 4.0mA 36 12.0mA 52 20.0mA 5 500µA 21 4.5mA 37 12.5mA 53 20.5mA 6 600µA 22 5.0mA 38 13.0mA 54 21.0mA 7 700µA 23 5.5mA 39 13.5mA 55 21.5mA 8 800µA 24 6.0mA 40 14.0mA 56 22.0mA 9 900µA 25 6.5mA 41 14.5mA 57 22.5mA 10 1.0mA 26 7.0mA 42 15.0mA 58 23.0mA 11 1.1mA 27 7.5mA 43 15.5mA 59 23.5mA 12 1.2mA 28 8.0mA 44 16.0mA 60 24.0mA 13 1.3mA 29 8.5mA 45 16.5mA 61 24.5mA 14 1.4mA 30 9.0mA 46 17.0mA 62 25.0mA 15 1.5mA 31 9.5mA 47 17.5mA 63 25.5mA 16 2.0mA 32 10.0mA 48 18.0mA Figure 14. Dimming Steps for Sub, Main, and Keypad Backlight Submit Documentation Feedback 13 TPS60251 www.ti.com SLVS767 – APRIL 2007 Figure 14 shows the dimming steps for sub, main, and auxiliary display banks in the 25mA maximum current application. To satisfy today’s requirements on LED current, the TPS60251 covers low LED current area from 100µA to 1.5mA with 100-µA dimming step (total 16 steps for 25-mA maximum current) for the new LCD panels which have improved transparency rates. For LED currents in the range from 2mA to 25mA, the device uses 48 dimming steps with 0.5mA step. Also, DM5 has 4 dimming steps once the current path is assigned for auxiliary applications with maximum 80-mA current. RIS also affects the current for the auxiliary application. The four current levels (20%, 40%, 70%, and 100%) are determined by the following equations: ƪǒ ƪǒ ƪǒ ƪǒ I AUX(100%) + I AUX(70%) + I AUX(40%) + I AUX(20%) + 1.254 ) 1.276 R IS 10*6 1.254 ) 1.276 R IS 10*6 1.254 ) 1.276 R IS 10*6 1.254 ) 1.276 R IS 10*6 Ǔ ƫ ƫ ƫ ƫ 8000 3.5 10 *6 Ǔ 6000 3.5 10 *6 Ǔ 4000 3.5 10 *6 Ǔ 2000 3.5 10 *6 10 (3) 9.333 (4) 8 (5) 8 (6) SERIAL INTERFACE The serial interface is compatible with the standard and fast mode I2C specifications, allowing transfers at up to 400 kHz. The interface adds flexibility to the WLED driver solution, enabling most functions to be programmed to new values depending on the instantaneous application requirements. Register contents remain intact as long as VCC remains above UVLO2 (typical 1.3V) and ENA is high. For normal data transfer, DATA is allowed to change only when CLK is low. Changes when CLK is high are reserved for indicating the start and stop conditions. During data transfer, the data line must remain stable whenever the clock line is high. There is one clock pulse per bit of data. Each data transfer is initiated with a start condition and terminated with a stop condition. When addressed, the TPS60251 device generates an acknowledge bit after the reception of each byte. The master device (microprocessor) must generate an extra clock pulse that is associated with the acknowledge bit. The TPS60251 device must pull down the DATA line during the acknowledge clock pulse so that the DATA line is a stable low during the high period of the acknowledge clock pulse. Setup and hold times must be taken into account. During read operations, a master must signal the end of data to the slave by not generating an acknowledge bit on the last byte that was clocked out of the slave. In this case, the slave TPS60251 device must leave the data line high to enable the master to generate the stop condition. DATA CLK Data line stable; data valid Change of data allowed Figure 15. Bit Transfer on the Serial Interface 14 Submit Documentation Feedback TPS60251 www.ti.com SLVS767 – APRIL 2007 CE DATA CLK S P START Condition STOP Condition Figure 16. START and STOP Conditions SCLK ... SDAT A5 A6 Start A4 ... ... A0 R/W AC K 0 0 R7 R6 R5 ... R0 ... AC K D7 D6 D5 ...D0 0 Slave Address AC K 0 Register Address Data Stop NOTE: SLAVE=TPS60251 Figure 17. Serial I/F READ From TPS60251: Protocol A SCLK SDAT ... A6 .. A0 ... R/W AC K 0 0 R7 .. R0 ... AC K A6 .. A0 ... R/W AC K 1 0 0 Start Slave Address NOTE: SLAVE=TPS60251 Register Address Slave Address D7 .. D0 Slave Drives the Data Repeated Start AC K Master Drives ACK and Stop Stop Figure 18. Serial I/F READ From TPS60251: Protocol B Figure 19. Serial I/F Timing Diagram The I2C interface uses a combined protocol in which the START condition and the Slave Address are both repeated. The TPS60251 provides 2 I2C Slave Address using internal EEPROM in case more than 1 device is used in the system. The primary I2C Slave Address is 1110111. For the alternative I2C address, contact the factory. Submit Documentation Feedback 15 TPS60251 www.ti.com SLVS767 – APRIL 2007 Enable Control Register (Address: 0x00h) ENABLE B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 X ENold ENmain ENsub2 ENsub1 ENaux DM5H DM5L BIT NAME Bit 6 ENold (Enable Open Lamp Detection) 1: Open Lamp Detection Enabled 0: Open Lamp Detection Disabled Bit 5 ENmain 1: Enable Main Display LEDs (DM1-DM4) 0: Disable Main Display LEDs Bit 4 ENsub2 1: Enable Sub Display LED 2 (DS2) 0: Disable Sub Display LED 2 Bit 3 ENsub1 1: Enable Sub Display LED 1 (DS1) 0: Disable Sub Display LED 1 Bit 2 ENaux 1: Enable Aux Display LED (DM5) 0: Disable Aux Display LED Bits 1,0 DM5H, DM5L DM5H (B1) DM5L (B0) 0 0 Shutdown mode. All outputs disabled, all internal registers set to 0x00h 0 1 Enable the IC and Group DM5 as main display with maximum current of 25mA 1 0 Enable the IC and set as Aux output with maximum current of 80mA. Dimming steps determined by Iaux0 and Iaux1 bits. 1 1 Shutdown mode. All outputs disabled, all internal registers set to 0x00h DM5 Mode and Shutdown Mode Sub Display Current Control Register (Address: 0x01h) SUB DISP CURRENT B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 BIT NAME X X Isub5 Isub4 Isub3 Isub2 Isub1 Isub0 Bits 5 - 0 Isub5 - Isub0 (total 64 steps) 6-Bit command (64 steps) to these bits sets the current for DS1 and DS2. For LED currents between 0 and 1.5mA, one step = 0.1mA increment For LED currents between 1.5 and 25.5mA, one step = 0.5mA increment Main Display Current Control Register (Address: 0x02h) MAIN DISP CURRENT B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 BIT NAME X X Imain5 Imain4 Imain3 Imain2 Imain1 Imain0 Bits 5 - 0 16 Imain5 - Imain0 (total 64 steps) 6-Bit command (64 steps) to these bits sets the current for DM1-DM4. For LED currents between 0 and 1.5mA, one step = 0.1mA increment For LED currents between 1.5 and 25.5mA, one step = 0.5mA increment Submit Documentation Feedback TPS60251 www.ti.com SLVS767 – APRIL 2007 Aux Output Brightness and Operation Mode Control Register (Address: 0x03h) AUX DISP CURRENT B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 BIT NAME Iaux5 Iaux4 Iaux3 Iaux2 Iaux1 Iaux0 Mode1 Mode0 Bits 7 - 2 (DM5 set to Main Display Mode) Iaux5 - Iaux0 (total 64 steps) 6-Bit command (64 steps) to these bits sets the current for DM5. For LED currents between 0 and 1.5mA, one step = 0.1mA increment For LED currents between 1.5 and 25.5mA, one step = 0.5mA increment Bits 7 - 2 (DM5 set to Aux Display Mode) Bits 1,0 Iaux5 (B7) Iaux4 (B6) Iaux3 (B5) Iaux2 (B4) Iaux1 (B3) Iaux0 (B2) Aux Dimming Step X X X X 0 0 20% X X X X 0 1 40% X X X X 1 0 70% X X X X 1 1 100% Mode1, Mode0 Mode1 Mode0 (B1) (B0) TPS60251 Mode 0 0 Auto-Switchover Mode. The TPS60251 selects 1×/1.5× mode as described in the Operating Principle section. 0 1 1× Mode. TPS60251 remains in 1× mode regardless of the input voltage. LED current may not regulate at lower input voltages when in this mode. 1 0 1.5× Mode. TPS60251 remains in 1.5× mode regardless of the input voltage. 1 1 Auto-Switchover Mode. The TPS60251 selects 1×/1.5× mode as described in the Operating Principle section. Submit Documentation Feedback 17 TPS60251 www.ti.com SLVS767 – APRIL 2007 APPLICATION CIRCUITS Main Display R1 562 kW GND IS C1- DM4 DM3 DM2 DM1 NC C2+ C2 C3 1 mF 1 mF NC-G C2- GND C1+ GND VOUT C4 4.7 mF VIN C1 1 mF NC VIO SDAT ENA DS1 DS2 DM5 SCLK 1.8V for I/O Input I2C Interface Sub Display Figure 20. The Typical Application Circuit for Sub and Main Display As shown in Figure 20, this is a typical application circuit for a clam shell phone with 5 main LEDs and 2 sub LEDs. Recently, the LCD panel makers have developed a new panel that has improved the transparency rate which makes system efficiency with a 100-µA LED current a critical load point. To meet system efficiency requirements with the light load conditions for the new LCD operating panel, the TPS60251 has a maximum 55-µA operating current with the 100-µA output load condition. In this application, the controller always operates in 1× mode due to the WLED's low forward voltage drop (about 2.6VF with a 100-µA WLED current). Thus, the total efficiency at a light load condition is determined using Equation 7: IO VF h Light + Vin ǒI O ) I opǓ (7) Where: IO: Output Load (WLED) Current VF: Forward Voltage Drop of WLED Vin: Input Voltage Iop: Operating Current of LED Driver 18 Submit Documentation Feedback TPS60251 www.ti.com SLVS767 – APRIL 2007 Main Display R1 562 kW GND IS C1- DM4 DM3 DM2 DM1 NC NC-G C2+ C2 1 mF C3 1 mF C2- GND C1+ GND NC VOUT C4 4.7 mF VIN C1 1 mF Auxiliary Port for Key Pad or Flash Light VIO SDAT ENA DS1 DS2 DM5 330 W SCLK 1.8V for I/O Input I2C Interface Sub Display Figure 21. The Typical Application Circuit for Sub, Main, and Keypad Backlight Figure 21 shows the typical application circuit for sub, main, and keypad backlight. In this application, DM5 is assigned as the auxiliary input for the keypad lighting application. LAYOUT GUIDELINES There are several points to consider when laying out a PCB for charge pump based solutions. In general, all capacitors should be as close as possible to the device. This is especially important when placing the flying capacitors (C2, C3 in Figure 20 and Figure 21). To provide accurate WLED current, the current path with the current setting resistor must be short to avoid any interference from other switching components. In cases where DM5 is assigned for torch/flash applications, with a maximum 80-mA WLED current, this current path must be kept wide to reduce the trace resistance. Submit Documentation Feedback 19 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, modifications, enhancements, improvements, and other changes to its products and services at any time and to discontinue any product or service without notice. Customers should obtain the latest relevant information before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete. 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Following are URLs where you can obtain information on other Texas Instruments products and application solutions: Products Applications Amplifiers amplifier.ti.com Audio www.ti.com/audio Data Converters dataconverter.ti.com Automotive www.ti.com/automotive DSP dsp.ti.com Broadband www.ti.com/broadband Interface interface.ti.com Digital Control www.ti.com/digitalcontrol Logic logic.ti.com Military www.ti.com/military Power Mgmt power.ti.com Optical Networking www.ti.com/opticalnetwork Microcontrollers microcontroller.ti.com Security www.ti.com/security Low Power Wireless www.ti.com/lpw Telephony www.ti.com/telephony Video & Imaging www.ti.com/video Wireless www.ti.com/wireless Mailing Address: Texas Instruments, Post Office Box 655303, Dallas, Texas 75265 Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, modifications, enhancements, improvements, and other changes to its products and services at any time and to discontinue any product or service without notice. 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TI does not warrant or represent that any license, either express or implied, is granted under any TI patent right, copyright, mask work right, or other TI intellectual property right relating to any combination, machine, or process in which TI products or services are used. Information published by TI regarding third-party products or services does not constitute a license from TI to use such products or services or a warranty or endorsement thereof. Use of such information may require a license from a third party under the patents or other intellectual property of the third party, or a license from TI under the patents or other intellectual property of TI. Reproduction of information in TI data books or data sheets is permissible only if reproduction is without alteration and is accompanied by all associated warranties, conditions, limitations, and notices. Reproduction of this information with alteration is an unfair and deceptive business practice. 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Buyers represent that they have all necessary expertise in the safety and regulatory ramifications of their applications, and acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal, regulatory and safety-related requirements concerning their products and any use of TI products in such safety-critical applications, notwithstanding any applications-related information or support that may be provided by TI. Further, Buyers must fully indemnify TI and its representatives against any damages arising out of the use of TI products in such safety-critical applications. TI products are neither designed nor intended for use in military/aerospace applications or environments unless the TI products are specifically designated by TI as military-grade or "enhanced plastic." Only products designated by TI as military-grade meet military specifications. 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Following are URLs where you can obtain information on other Texas Instruments products and application solutions: Products Applications Amplifiers amplifier.ti.com Audio www.ti.com/audio Data Converters dataconverter.ti.com Automotive www.ti.com/automotive DSP dsp.ti.com Broadband www.ti.com/broadband Interface interface.ti.com Digital Control www.ti.com/digitalcontrol Logic logic.ti.com Military www.ti.com/military Power Mgmt power.ti.com Optical Networking www.ti.com/opticalnetwork Microcontrollers microcontroller.ti.com Security www.ti.com/security Low Power Wireless www.ti.com/lpw Telephony www.ti.com/telephony Video & Imaging www.ti.com/video Wireless www.ti.com/wireless Mailing Address: Texas Instruments, Post Office Box 655303, Dallas, Texas 75265 Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 7-May-2007 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Eco Plan (2) Qty TPS60251RTWR ACTIVE QFN RTW 24 3000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR TPS60251RTWT ACTIVE QFN RTW 24 250 CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3) (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. 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Addendum-Page 1 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 17-May-2007 TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION Pack Materials-Page 1 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com Device 17-May-2007 Package Pins Site Reel Diameter (mm) Reel Width (mm) A0 (mm) B0 (mm) K0 (mm) P1 (mm) W Pin1 (mm) Quadrant TPS60251RTWR RTW 24 FRB 330 12 4.3 4.3 1.5 12 12 PKGORN T2TR-MS P TPS60251RTWR RTW 24 MLA 330 12 4.3 4.3 1.5 12 12 PKGORN T2TR-MS P TPS60251RTWT RTW 24 FRB 330 12 4.3 4.3 1.5 12 12 PKGORN T2TR-MS P TPS60251RTWT RTW 24 MLA 330 12 4.3 4.3 1.5 12 12 PKGORN T2TR-MS P TAPE AND REEL BOX INFORMATION Device Package Pins Site Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) TPS60251RTWR RTW TPS60251RTWR RTW 24 FRB 342.9 336.6 20.6 24 MLA 346.0 346.0 TPS60251RTWT 29.0 RTW 24 FRB 342.9 336.6 20.6 TPS60251RTWT RTW 24 MLA 346.0 346.0 29.0 Pack Materials-Page 2 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 17-May-2007 Pack Materials-Page 3 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, modifications, enhancements, improvements, and other changes to its products and services at any time and to discontinue any product or service without notice. Customers should obtain the latest relevant information before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete. All products are sold subject to TI’s terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment. TI warrants performance of its hardware products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with TI’s standard warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are used to the extent TI deems necessary to support this warranty. Except where mandated by government requirements, testing of all parameters of each product is not necessarily performed. TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or customer product design. Customers are responsible for their products and applications using TI components. To minimize the risks associated with customer products and applications, customers should provide adequate design and operating safeguards. TI does not warrant or represent that any license, either express or implied, is granted under any TI patent right, copyright, mask work right, or other TI intellectual property right relating to any combination, machine, or process in which TI products or services are used. Information published by TI regarding third-party products or services does not constitute a license from TI to use such products or services or a warranty or endorsement thereof. Use of such information may require a license from a third party under the patents or other intellectual property of the third party, or a license from TI under the patents or other intellectual property of TI. Reproduction of information in TI data books or data sheets is permissible only if reproduction is without alteration and is accompanied by all associated warranties, conditions, limitations, and notices. Reproduction of this information with alteration is an unfair and deceptive business practice. TI is not responsible or liable for such altered documentation. Resale of TI products or services with statements different from or beyond the parameters stated by TI for that product or service voids all express and any implied warranties for the associated TI product or service and is an unfair and deceptive business practice. TI is not responsible or liable for any such statements. TI products are not authorized for use in safety-critical applications (such as life support) where a failure of the TI product would reasonably be expected to cause severe personal injury or death, unless officers of the parties have executed an agreement specifically governing such use. Buyers represent that they have all necessary expertise in the safety and regulatory ramifications of their applications, and acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal, regulatory and safety-related requirements concerning their products and any use of TI products in such safety-critical applications, notwithstanding any applications-related information or support that may be provided by TI. Further, Buyers must fully indemnify TI and its representatives against any damages arising out of the use of TI products in such safety-critical applications. TI products are neither designed nor intended for use in military/aerospace applications or environments unless the TI products are specifically designated by TI as military-grade or "enhanced plastic." Only products designated by TI as military-grade meet military specifications. Buyers acknowledge and agree that any such use of TI products which TI has not designated as military-grade is solely at the Buyer's risk, and that they are solely responsible for compliance with all legal and regulatory requirements in connection with such use. TI products are neither designed nor intended for use in automotive applications or environments unless the specific TI products are designated by TI as compliant with ISO/TS 16949 requirements. Buyers acknowledge and agree that, if they use any non-designated products in automotive applications, TI will not be responsible for any failure to meet such requirements. Following are URLs where you can obtain information on other Texas Instruments products and application solutions: Products Applications Amplifiers amplifier.ti.com Audio www.ti.com/audio Data Converters dataconverter.ti.com Automotive www.ti.com/automotive DSP dsp.ti.com Broadband www.ti.com/broadband Interface interface.ti.com Digital Control www.ti.com/digitalcontrol Logic logic.ti.com Military www.ti.com/military Power Mgmt power.ti.com Optical Networking www.ti.com/opticalnetwork Microcontrollers microcontroller.ti.com Security www.ti.com/security RFID www.ti-rfid.com Telephony www.ti.com/telephony Low Power Wireless www.ti.com/lpw Video & Imaging www.ti.com/video Wireless www.ti.com/wireless Mailing Address: Texas Instruments, Post Office Box 655303, Dallas, Texas 75265 Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated