IPA60R400CE,IPD60R400CE,IPS60R400CE MOSFET 600VCoolMOS™CEPowerTransistor TO-220FP CoolMOS™isarevolutionarytechnologyforhighvoltagepower MOSFETs,designedaccordingtothesuperjunction(SJ)principleand pioneeredbyInfineonTechnologies.CoolMOS™CEisa price-performanceoptimizedplatformenablingtotargetcostsensitive applicationsinConsumerandLightingmarketsbystillmeetinghighest efficiencystandards.Thenewseriesprovidesallbenefitsofafast switchingSuperjunctionMOSFETwhilenotsacrificingeaseofuseand offeringthebestcostdownperformanceratioavailableonthemarket. Features DPAK IPAKSL tab tab 1 2 3 Drain Pin 2, Tab Gate Pin 1 •ExtremelylowlossesduetoverylowFOMRdson*QgandEoss •Veryhighcommutationruggedness •Easytouse/drive •Pb-freeplating,Halogenfreemoldcompound •Qualifiedforstandardgradeapplications Source Pin 3 Applications PFCstages,hardswitchingPWMstagesandresonantswitchingstages fore.g.PCSilverbox,Adapter,LCD&PDPTVandindoorlighting. Pleasenote:ForMOSFETparallelingtheuseofferritebeadsonthegate orseparatetotempolesisgenerallyrecommended. Table1KeyPerformanceParameters Parameter Value Unit VDS @ Tj,max 650 V RDS(on),max 400 mΩ Id. 14.7 A Qg.typ 32 nC ID,pulse 30 A Eoss@400V 2.8 µJ Type/OrderingCode Package IPA60R400CE PG-TO 220 FullPAK IPD60R400CE PG-TO 252 IPS60R400CE PG-TO 251 Final Data Sheet Marking 60S400CE 1 RelatedLinks see Appendix A 2016-03-31 600VCoolMOS™CEPowerTransistor IPA60R400CE,IPD60R400CE,IPS60R400CE TableofContents Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Thermal characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Electrical characteristics diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Test Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Package Outlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Appendix A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Revision History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Trademarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Disclaimer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Final Data Sheet 2 2016-03-31 600VCoolMOS™CEPowerTransistor IPA60R400CE,IPD60R400CE,IPS60R400CE 1Maximumratings atTj=25°C,unlessotherwisespecified Table2Maximumratings Parameter Symbol Continuous drain current1) Values Unit Note/TestCondition 14.7 9.3 A TC=25°C TC=100°C - 30 A TC=25°C - - 210 mJ ID=1.8A; VDD=50V; see table 11 EAR - - 0.32 mJ ID=1.8A; VDD=50V; see table 11 Avalanche current, repetitive IAR - - 1.8 A - MOSFET dv/dt ruggedness dv/dt - - 50 V/ns VDS=0...480V Gate source voltage (static) VGS -20 - 20 V static; Gate source voltage (dynamic) VGS -30 - 30 V AC (f>1 Hz) Power dissipation (Non FullPAK) TO-252, TO-251 Ptot - - 112 W TC=25°C Power dissipation (FullPAK) TO-220FP Ptot - - 31 W TC=25°C Storage temperature Tstg -40 - 150 °C - Operating junction temperature Tj -40 - 150 °C - Continuous diode forward current IS - - 10.4 A TC=25°C Diode pulse current IS,pulse - - 30 A TC=25°C Reverse diode dv/dt3) dv/dt - - 15 V/ns VDS=0...400V,ISD<=IS,Tj=25°C see table 9 Maximum diode commutation speed dif/dt - - 500 A/µs VDS=0...400V,ISD<=IS,Tj=25°C see table 9 Mounting torque (FullPAK) TO-220FP - - - 50 Ncm M2.5 screws Insulation withstand voltage for TO-220FP VISO - - 2500 V Vrms,TC=25°C,t=1min Unit Note/TestCondition Min. Typ. Max. ID - - Pulsed drain current2) ID,pulse - Avalanche energy, single pulse EAS Avalanche energy, repetitive 2) 2Thermalcharacteristics Table3Thermalcharacteristics(FullPAK)TO-220FP Parameter Symbol Thermal resistance, junction - case Values Min. Typ. Max. RthJC - - 4 °C/W - Thermal resistance, junction - ambient RthJA - - 80 °C/W leaded Soldering temperature, wavesoldering only allowed at leads - - 260 °C Tsold 1.6mm (0.063 in.) from case for 10s 1) Limited by Tj max. TO252 equivalent,Maximum duty cycle D=0.50 Pulse width tp limited by Tj,max 3) IdenticallowsideandhighsideswitchwithidenticalRG 2) Final Data Sheet 3 2016-03-31 600VCoolMOS™CEPowerTransistor IPA60R400CE,IPD60R400CE,IPS60R400CE Table4ThermalcharacteristicsTO-252,TO-251 Parameter Symbol Thermal resistance, junction - case Values Unit Note/TestCondition Min. Typ. Max. RthJC - - 1.12 °C/W - Thermal resistance, junction - ambient RthJA - - 62 °C/W device on PCB, minimal footprint Thermal resistance, junction - ambient RthJA for SMD version - 35 45 Device on 40mm*40mm*1.5mm epoxy PCB FR4 with 6cm² (one layer, 70µm thickness) copper area °C/W for drain connection and cooling. PCB is vertical without air stream cooling. Soldering temperature, wave & reflow soldering allowed - - 260 °C Final Data Sheet Tsold 4 reflow MSL1 2016-03-31 600VCoolMOS™CEPowerTransistor IPA60R400CE,IPD60R400CE,IPS60R400CE 3Electricalcharacteristics atTj=25°C,unlessotherwisespecified Table5Staticcharacteristics Parameter Symbol Drain-source breakdown voltage Values Unit Note/TestCondition - V VGS=0V,ID=0.25mA 3.0 3.5 V VDS=VGS,ID=0.3mA - 10 1 - µA VDS=600,VGS=0V,Tj=25°C VDS=600,VGS=0V,Tj=150°C IGSS - - 100 nA VGS=20V,VDS=0V Drain-source on-state resistance RDS(on) - 0.34 0.89 0.40 - Ω VGS=10V,ID=3.8A,Tj=25°C VGS=10V,ID=3.8A,Tj=150°C Gate resistance RG - 7.5 - Ω f=1MHz,opendrain Unit Note/TestCondition Min. Typ. Max. V(BR)DSS 600 - Gate threshold voltage V(GS)th 2.5 Zero gate voltage drain current IDSS Gate-source leakage current Table6Dynamiccharacteristics Parameter Symbol Input capacitance Values Min. Typ. Max. Ciss - 700 - pF VGS=0V,VDS=100V,f=1MHz Output capacitance Coss - 46 - pF VGS=0V,VDS=100V,f=1MHz Effective output capacitance, energy related1) Co(er) - 30 - pF VGS=0V,VDS=0...480V Effective output capacitance, time related2) Co(tr) - 136 - pF ID=constant,VGS=0V,VDS=0...480V Turn-on delay time td(on) - 11 - ns VDD=400V,VGS=13V,ID=4.8A, RG=3.4Ω;seetable10 Rise time tr - 9 - ns VDD=400V,VGS=13V,ID=4.8A, RG=3.4Ω;seetable10 Turn-off delay time td(off) - 56 - ns VDD=400V,VGS=13V,ID=4.8A, RG=3.4Ω;seetable10 Fall time tf - 8 - ns VDD=400V,VGS=13V,ID=4.8A, RG=3.4Ω;seetable10 Unit Note/TestCondition Table7Gatechargecharacteristics Parameter Symbol Gate to source charge Values Min. Typ. Max. Qgs - 4 - nC VDD=480V,ID=4.8A,VGS=0to10V Gate to drain charge Qgd - 16 - nC VDD=480V,ID=4.8A,VGS=0to10V Gate charge total Qg - 32 - nC VDD=480V,ID=4.8A,VGS=0to10V Gate plateau voltage Vplateau - 5.4 - V VDD=480V,ID=4.8A,VGS=0to10V 1) Co(er)isafixedcapacitancethatgivesthesamestoredenergyasCosswhileVDSisrisingfrom0to80%Vo(BR)DSS Co(tr)isafixedcapacitancethatgivesthesamestoredenergyasCosswhileVDSisrisingfrom0to80%Vo(BR)DSS 2) Final Data Sheet 5 2016-03-31 600VCoolMOS™CEPowerTransistor IPA60R400CE,IPD60R400CE,IPS60R400CE Table8Reversediodecharacteristics Parameter Symbol Diode forward voltage Values Unit Note/TestCondition - V VGS=0V,IF=4.8A,Tj=25°C 290 - ns VR=400V,IF=4.8A,diF/dt=100A/µs; see table 9 - 3.3 - µC VR=400V,IF=4.8A,diF/dt=100A/µs; see table 9 - 21 - A VR=400V,IF=4.8A,diF/dt=100A/µs; see table 9 Min. Typ. Max. VSD - 0.9 Reverse recovery time trr - Reverse recovery charge Qrr Peak reverse recovery current Irrm Final Data Sheet 6 2016-03-31 600VCoolMOS™CEPowerTransistor IPA60R400CE,IPD60R400CE,IPS60R400CE 4Electricalcharacteristicsdiagrams Diagram1:Powerdissipation(NonFullPAK) Diagram2:Powerdissipation(FullPAK) 120 35 110 30 100 90 25 80 Ptot[W] Ptot[W] 70 60 50 20 15 40 10 30 20 5 10 0 0 25 50 75 100 125 0 150 0 25 50 TC[°C] 75 100 125 150 TC[°C] Ptot=f(TC) Ptot=f(TC) Diagram3:Max.transientthermalimpedance(NonFullPAK) Diagram4:Max.transientthermalimpedance(FullPAK) 1 101 10 0.5 100 100 0.2 0.1 ZthJC[K/W] ZthJC[K/W] 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.02 0.05 -1 10 10 0.02 -1 0.01 single pulse 0.01 single pulse 10-2 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 10-2 10-5 10-4 10-3 tp[s] 10-1 100 101 tp[s] ZthJC=f(tP);parameter:D=tp/T Final Data Sheet 10-2 ZthJC=f(tP);parameter:D=tp/T 7 2016-03-31 600VCoolMOS™CEPowerTransistor IPA60R400CE,IPD60R400CE,IPS60R400CE Diagram5:Safeoperatingarea(NonFullPAK) Diagram6:Safeoperatingarea(FullPAK) 2 102 10 1 µs 1 µs 10 µs 101 10 µs 101 100 µs 100 µs 1 ms 1 ms 10 0 10 ms 0 10 DC ID[A] ID[A] DC 10-1 10-1 10-2 10-2 10-3 10-3 100 101 102 10-4 103 100 101 102 VDS[V] VDS[V] ID=f(VDS);TC=25°C;D=0;parameter:tp ID=f(VDS);TC=25°C;D=0;parameter:tp Diagram7:Safeoperatingarea(NonFullPAK) Diagram8:Safeoperatingarea(FullPAK) 2 103 102 10 1 µs 1 µs 101 101 10 µs 10 µs 100 µs 100 µs 1 ms 1 ms 100 10 ms 100 DC ID[A] ID[A] DC 10 -1 10-1 10-2 10-2 10-3 10-3 100 101 102 103 10-4 100 101 102 VDS[V] VDS[V] ID=f(VDS);TC=80°C;D=0;parameter:tp ID=f(VDS);TC=80°C;D=0;parameter:tp Final Data Sheet 8 103 2016-03-31 600VCoolMOS™CEPowerTransistor IPA60R400CE,IPD60R400CE,IPS60R400CE Diagram9:Typ.outputcharacteristics Diagram10:Typ.outputcharacteristics 30 20 20 V 20 V 10 V 10 V 8V 25 8V 15 7V 7V ID[A] ID[A] 20 15 6V 10 5.5 V 6V 10 5 5.5 V 5 5V 4.5 V 5V 4.5 V 0 0 5 10 15 0 20 0 5 10 VDS[V] 15 ID=f(VDS);Tj=25°C;parameter:VGS ID=f(VDS);Tj=125°C;parameter:VGS Diagram11:Typ.drain-sourceon-stateresistance Diagram12:Drain-sourceon-stateresistance 1.5 1.00 1.4 0.90 1.3 0.80 1.2 0.70 RDS(on)[Ω] 5.5 V 6.5 V 6V 7V RDS(on)[Ω] 5V 1.1 1.0 10 V 0.9 0.60 98% typ 0.50 0.40 0.8 0.30 0.7 0.20 0.6 0.5 20 VDS[V] 0 5 10 15 20 0.10 -50 -25 0 25 ID[A] RDS(on)=f(ID);Tj=125°C;parameter:VGS Final Data Sheet 50 75 100 125 150 Tj[°C] RDS(on)=f(Tj);ID=3.8A;VGS=10V 9 2016-03-31 600VCoolMOS™CEPowerTransistor IPA60R400CE,IPD60R400CE,IPS60R400CE Diagram13:Typ.transfercharacteristics Diagram14:Typ.gatecharge 30 10 25 °C 9 25 8 120 V 7 20 480 V VGS[V] ID[A] 6 150 °C 15 5 4 10 3 2 5 1 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 12 0 5 10 VGS[V] 15 20 25 30 35 Qgate[nC] ID=f(VGS);VDS=20V;parameter:Tj VGS=f(Qgate);ID=4.8Apulsed;parameter:VDD Diagram15:Forwardcharacteristicsofreversediode Diagram16:Avalancheenergy 2 10 225 25 °C 125 °C 200 175 101 IF[A] EAS[mJ] 150 100 125 100 75 50 25 10-1 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0 25 50 VSD[V] 100 125 150 Tj[°C] IF=f(VSD);parameter:Tj Final Data Sheet 75 EAS=f(Tj);ID=1.8A;VDD=50V 10 2016-03-31 600VCoolMOS™CEPowerTransistor IPA60R400CE,IPD60R400CE,IPS60R400CE Diagram17:Drain-sourcebreakdownvoltage Diagram18:Typ.capacitances 104 700 680 660 103 Ciss 620 C[pF] VBR(DSS)[V] 640 600 102 Coss 580 101 560 Crss 540 520 -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 100 0 100 Tj[°C] 200 300 400 500 VDS[V] VBR(DSS)=f(Tj);ID=0.25mA C=f(VDS);VGS=0V;f=1MHz Diagram19:Typ.Cossstoredenergy 4.0 3.5 3.0 Eoss[µJ] 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 0 100 200 300 400 500 VDS[V] Eoss=f(VDS) Final Data Sheet 11 2016-03-31 600VCoolMOS™CEPowerTransistor IPA60R400CE,IPD60R400CE,IPS60R400CE 5TestCircuits Table9Diodecharacteristics Test circuit for diode characteristics Diode recovery waveform V ,I Rg1 VDS( peak) VDS VDS VDS trr IF Rg 2 tF tS dIF / dt IF QF IF dIrr / dt trr =tF +tS Qrr = QF + QS Irrm Rg1 = Rg 2 t 10 %Irrm QS Table10Switchingtimes Switching times test circuit for inductive load Switching times waveform VDS 90% VDS VGS VGS 10% td(on) ton tr td(off) tf toff Table11Unclampedinductiveload Unclamped inductive load test circuit Unclamped inductive waveform V(BR)DS ID VDS VDS Final Data Sheet 12 ID VDS 2016-03-31 600VCoolMOS™CEPowerTransistor IPA60R400CE,IPD60R400CE,IPS60R400CE 6PackageOutlines ),/ ' '# '$ 9 9# 9$ 9% 9& ; ) )# * = =# 0 + . .# @3 3 /,..,/*6*45 MIN MAX 4.50 4.90 2.34 2.85 2.86 2.42 0.65 0.90 0.95 1.38 0.95 1.51 0.65 1.38 0.65 1.51 0.40 0.63 15.67 16.15 8.97 9.83 10.00 10.65 2.54 (BSC) ,0(+*5 MIN 0.177 0.092 0.095 0.026 0.037 0.037 0.026 0.026 0.016 0.617 0.353 0.394 )1(7/*06 01" Z8B00003319 5('.* 0 2.5 0 2.5 5mm *7412*'0 241-*(6,10 0.100 (BSC) 5.08 3 28.70 12.78 2.83 2.95 3.15 MAX 0.193 0.112 0.113 0.035 0.054 0.059 0.054 0.059 0.025 0.636 0.387 0.419 0.200 3 29.75 13.75 3.45 3.38 3.50 1.130 0.503 0.111 0.116 0.124 1.171 0.541 0.136 0.133 0.138 ,557* )'6* 05-05-2014 4*8,5,10 04 Dimensions do not include mold flash, protrusions or gate burrs Figure 1 Final Data Sheet Outline PG-TO 220 FullPAK, dimensions in mm/inches 13 2016-03-31 600V CoolMOS™ CE Power Transistor IPA60R400CE, IPD60R400CE, IPS60R400CE *) mold flash not included DIM A A1 b b2 b3 c c2 D D1 E E1 e e1 N H L L3 L4 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 Figure 2 Final Data Sheet MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 2.16 2.41 0.00 0.15 0.64 0.89 0.65 1.15 5.00 5.50 0.46 0.60 0.46 0.98 5.97 6.22 5.02 5.84 6.40 6.73 4.70 5.60 2.29 (BSC) 4.57 (BSC) 3 9.40 10.48 1.18 1.70 0.90 1.25 0.51 1.00 10.60 6.40 2.20 5.80 5.76 1.20 INCHES MIN 0.085 0.000 0.025 0.026 0.197 0.018 0.018 0.235 0.198 0.252 0.185 0.370 0.046 0.035 0.020 MAX 0.095 0.006 0.035 0.045 0.217 0.024 0.039 0.245 0.230 0.265 0.220 0.090 (BSC) 0.180 (BSC) 3 0.413 0.067 0.049 0.039 0.417 0.252 0.087 0.228 0.227 0.047 DOCUMENT NO. Z8B00003328 SCALE 0 2.0 0 2.0 4mm EUROPEAN PROJECTION ISSUE DATE 01-09-2015 REVISION 05 Outline PG-TO 252, dimensions in mm/inches 14 2016-03-31 600V CoolMOS™ CE Power Transistor IPA60R400CE, IPD60R400CE, IPS60R400CE DOCUMENT NO. Z8B00003329 DIM A A1 b b2 b4 c c2 D D1 E E1 e e1 N L L1 L2 Figure 3 Final Data Sheet MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 2.18 2.40 0.80 1.14 0.64 0.89 0.65 1.15 4.95 5.50 0.46 0.59 0.46 0.89 5.97 6.22 5.04 5.55 6.35 6.73 4.60 5.21 2.29 4.57 3 3.00 3.60 0.80 1.25 0.88 1.28 INCHES MIN 0.086 0.031 0.025 0.026 0.195 0.018 0.018 0.235 0.198 0.250 0.181 MAX 0.094 0.045 0.035 0.045 0.217 0.023 0.035 0.245 0.219 0.265 0.205 0.090 0.180 3 0.118 0.031 0.035 SCALE 0 2.0 0 2.0 4mm EUROPEAN PROJECTION ISSUE DATE 21-10-2015 0.142 0.049 0.050 REVISION 06 Outline PG-TO 251, dimensions in mm/inches 15 2016-03-31 600V CoolMOS™ CE Power Transistor IPA60R400CE, IPD60R400CE, IPS60R400CE 7 Appendix A Table 12 Related Links • IFX CoolMOS TM CE Webpage: www.infineon.com • IFX CoolMOS TM CE application note: www.infineon.com • IFX CoolMOS TM CE simulation model: www.infineon.com • IFX Design tools: www.infineon.com Final Data Sheet 16 2016-03-31 600V CoolMOS™ CE Power Transistor IPA60R400CE, IPD60R400CE, IPS60R400CE Revision History IPA60R400CE, IPD60R400CE, IPS60R400CE Revision: 2016-03-31 Previous Revision Date Subjects (major changes since last revision) 2014-09-25 Release of final version 2016-03-31 Modified Id, Rthjc. Modified SOA & Zthjc curves. Added IPAK_SL package Trademarks of Infineon Technologies AG AURIX™, C166™, CanPAK™, CIPOS™, CoolGaN™, CoolMOS™, CoolSET™, CoolSiC™, CORECONTROL™, CROSSAVE™, DAVE™, DI-POL™, DrBlade™, EasyPIM™, EconoBRIDGE™, EconoDUAL™, EconoPACK™, EconoPIM™, EiceDRIVER™, eupec™, FCOS™, HITFET™, HybridPACK™, Infineon™, ISOFACE™, IsoPACK™, i-Wafer™, MIPAQ™, ModSTACK™, my-d™, NovalithIC™, OmniTune™, OPTIGA™, OptiMOS™, ORIGA™, POWERCODE™, PRIMARION™, PrimePACK™, PrimeSTACK™, PROFET™, PRO-SIL™, RASIC™, REAL3™, ReverSave™, SatRIC™, SIEGET™, SIPMOS™, SmartLEWIS™, SOLID FLASH™, SPOC™, TEMPFET™, thinQ!™, TRENCHSTOP™, TriCore™. Trademarks updated August 2015 Other Trademarks All referenced product or service names and trademarks are the property of their respective owners. We Listen to Your Comments Any information within this document that you feel is wrong, unclear or missing at all? Your feedback will help us to continuously improve the quality of this document. Please send your proposal (including a reference to this document) to: [email protected] Published by Infineon Technologies AG 81726 München, Germany © 2016 Infineon Technologies AG All Rights Reserved. Legal Disclaimer The information given in this document shall in no event be regarded as a guarantee of conditions or characteristics. With respect to any examples or hints given herein, any typical values stated herein and/or any information regarding the application of the device, Infineon Technologies hereby disclaims any and all warranties and liabilities of any kind, including without limitation, warranties of non-infringement of intellectual property rights of any third party. Information For further information on technology, delivery terms and conditions and prices please contact your nearest Infineon Technologies Office (www.infineon.com ). Warnings Due to technical requirements, components may contain dangerous substances. For information on the types in question, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office. The Infineon Technologies component described in this Data Sheet may be used in life-support devices or systems and/or automotive, aviation and aerospace applications or systems only with the express written approval of Infineon Technologies, if a failure of such components can reasonably be expected to cause the failure of that life-support, automotive, aviation and aerospace device or system or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system. Life support devices or systems are intended to be implanted in the human body or to support and/or maintain and sustain and/or protect human life. If they fail, it is reasonable to assume that the health of the user or other persons may be endangered. Final Data Sheet 17 2016-03-31