PANASONIC GRM21BB31E475KA75B

AN30180A
VIN = 2.5V to 5.5V
1.2A Synchronous DC-DC Step Down Regulator
FEATURES
z
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DESCRIPTION
Wide output voltage range : 1.15V to 2.80V
Input voltage range : 2.5V to 5.5V
Up to 1200mA Output Current
Load transient response is fast
Output current limit control of 1.8A to prevent
Excessive current flows
High efficiency over a wide load current area by
DCM (discontinuous conductive mode) operation
at light loads, CCM (continuous conductive mode)
operation in heavy loads those two modes can be
automatically switched
Switching frequency of 2.6MHz during CCM.
100% duty operation when input voltage goes
down to output voltage.
9 pin Wafer level chip size package (WLCSP Type)
Size : 1.46 × 1.46 mm ( 0.5 mm pitch)
AN30180A is a synchronous DC-DC Step Down
Regulator and employs the hysteretic control system.
By this system, when load current charges suddenly, it
responds at high speed and minimizes the changes of
output voltage.
Since it is possible to use capacitors with small
capacitance and it is unnecessary to add external parts
for system phase compensation, this IC realizes
downsizing of set and reducing in the number of external
parts.
APPLICATIONS
High Current Distributed Power Systems such as
power amplifier in cellular phone etc.
SIMPLIFIED APPLICATION
EFFICIENCY CURVE
100
90
80
Efficiency[%]
70
CNT1
CNT2
VIN
PVIN
4.7 μF x 2
FB
1.0 μH
AVIN
AN30180A
VOUT
LX
60
50
40
VIN=2.50V
VIN=3.70V
VIN=5.50V
30
20
4.7 μF
10
0
EN
1
AGND
10
100
1000
Load Current[mA]
PGND
Condition :
VIN=2.5V , 3.7V , 5.5V, Vout=1.15V , Cout=4.7μF , Lout=1.0μH
Notes) This application circuit is an example. The operation
of mass production set is not guaranteed. You should
perform enough evaluation and verification on the
design of mass production set. You are fully
responsible for the incorporation of the above
application circuit and information in the design of
your equipment.
Publication date: October 2012
1
Ver. AEB
AN30180A
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Parameter
Symbol
Rating
Unit
Notes
Supply voltage
VIN
6.0
V
*1
*3
Operating free-air temperature
Topr
– 30 to + 85
°C
*2
Operating junction temperature
Tj
– 40 to + 150
°C
*2
Storage temperature
Tstg
– 55 to + 150
°C
*2
Input Voltage Range
FB,EN,CTL1,CTL2
– 0.3 to (VIN + 0.3)
V
*1
*3
LX
– 0.3 to (VIN + 0.3)
V
*1
*3
HBM (Human Body Model)
2
kV
-
Output Voltage Range
ESD
Notes) Do not apply external currents and voltages to any pin not specifically mentioned.
This product may sustain permanent damage if subjected to conditions higher than the above stated absolute maximum rating.
This rating is the maximum rating and device operating at this range is not guaranteeable as it is higher than our stated
recommended operating range. When subjected under the absolute maximum rating for a long time, the reliability of the product
may be affected.
*1:The values under the condition not exceeding the above absolute maximum ratings and the power dissipation.
*2:Except for the power dissipation, operating ambient temperature, and storage temperature, all ratings are for Ta = 25°C.
*3:VIN is voltage for AVIN, PVIN. AVIN = PVIN,(VIN + 0.3) V must not be exceeded 6 V.
POWER DISSIPATION RATING
PACKAGE
θJA
9pin Wafer level chip size package
436 °C /W
(WLCSP Type)
PD(Ta=25°C)
PD(Ta=85°C)
Notes
0.286 W
0.148 W
*1
Note). For the actual usage, please refer to the PD-Ta characteristics diagram in the package specification, follow the power supply
voltage, load and ambient temperature conditions to ensure that there is enough margin and the thermal design does not
exceed the allowable value.
*1:Glass Epoxy Substrate(4 Layers) [Glass-Epoxy: 50 X 50 X 0.8t(mm)]
Die Pad Exposed , Soldered.
CAUTION
Although this has limited built-in ESD protection circuit, but permanent damage may occur on it.
Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid electrostatic damage to the MOS gates
2
Ver. AEB
AN30180A
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
Parameter
Symbol
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
Notes
VIN
2.5
3.7
5.5
V
*1
*2
FB
– 0.3
—
VIN + 0.3
V
*3
EN
– 0.3
—
VIN + 0.3
V
*3
CNT1
– 0.3
—
VIN + 0.3
V
*3
CNT2
– 0.3
—
VIN + 0.3
V
*3
LX
– 0.3
—
VIN + 0.3
V
*3
Supply voltage range
Input Voltage Range
Output Voltage Range
Note) Do not apply external currents and voltages to any pin not specifically mentioned.
Voltage values, unless otherwise specified, are with respect to GND. GND is voltage for AGND, PGND. AGND = PGND
Vin is voltage for AVIN, PVIN. AVIN = PVIN
*1 : Please set the rising time of power input pin to the following range.
In addition, please input the voltage with the rising time which has margin enough in consideration of the variation
in external parts.
*2 : The values under the condition not exceeding the above absolute maximum ratings and the power dissipation.
*3 : (VIN + 0.3) V must not be exceeded 6 V.
0V
100 μs < Tr < 1.5 ms
(Tr is the rise time from 0 V to the setup voltage of VIN.)
3
Ver. AEB
AN30180A
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Cout = 4.7 μF (Murata), Lout = 1.0 μH (FDK) , VOUT Setting = 1.15 V , VIN = AVIN = PVIN = 3.7 V,
Ta = 25 °C ± 2 °C unless otherwise noted.
Limits
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Notes
[Current Consumption] (DCDC step down regulator)
Current Consumption
IINQ
IOUT = 0A,VOUT = 1.15 V,
—
40
80
μA
—
OFF Current Consumption
ISTB
EN = L
—
0
1
μA
—
[DCDC Characteristics] (DCDC step down regulator)
Output Voltage Setting 1
VOUT1
CNT1 = L , CNT2 = L
IOUT = 600 mA
1.115
1.150
1.185
V
—
Output Voltage Setting 2
VOUT2
CNT1 = H , CNT2 = L
IOUT = 600 mA
1.260
1.300
1.340
V
—
Output Voltage Setting 3
VOUT3
CNT1 = L , CNT2 = H
IOUT = 600 mA
1.745
1.800
1.855
V
—
Output Voltage Setting 4
VOUT4
CNT1 = H , CNT2 = H
IOUT = 600 mA
2.715
2.800
2.885
V
—
Line Regulation
VIN = 2.5 V to 5.5 V,
REGIN VOUT = 1.15 V
IOUT = 600m A
—
0.25
0.75
%/V
—
Load Regulation
REGLD
—
3.3
5.8
%
—
Pch-MOS ON Resistance
RONP
—
0.2
0.4
Ω
—
Nch-MOS ON Resistance
RONN
—
0.2
0.4
Ω
—
VOUT = 1.15 V,
IOUT = 10 μA to 1200 mA
FSW
IOUT = 600 mA ( CCM )
2.0
2.6
3.2
MHz
—
Rising Time
TSTU
Load resistance = 12 Ω
Settling time to reach 90 % of
setting voltage from EN rising
edge
—
—
120
μs
—
Output discharge resistance
RDIS
EN = L
—
10
20
Ω
—
SW Frequency
4
Ver. AEB
AN30180A
ELECRTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Continued)
Cout = 4.7 μF (Murata), Lout = 1.0 μH (FDK) , VOUT Setting = 1.15V , VIN = AVIN = PVIN = 3.7 V,
Ta = 25 °C ± 2 °C unless otherwise noted.
Limits
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Notes
[Logic Pin Characteristics] (DCDC step down regulator)
EN Control Voltage L
VENTL
—
—
0.3
V
—
EN Control Voltage H
VENTH
1.5
—
—
V
—
–1
0
1
μA
—
EN Leak Current
IENL
VIN = VEN = 5.5 V
CNT1 Control Voltage L
VCNT1
L
—
—
0.3
V
—
CNT1 Control Voltage H
VCNT1
H
VIN –
0.3
—
—
V
—
CNT1 Leak Current
ICNT1L VIN = VCNT1 = 5.5 V
–1
0
1
μA
—
CNT2 Control Voltage L
VCNT2
L
—
—
0.3
V
—
CNT2 Control Voltage H
VCNT2
H
VIN –
0.3
—
—
V
—
CNT2 Leak Current
ICNT2L VIN = VCNT2 = 5.5 V
–1
0
1
μA
—
2.3
2.4
2.5
V
—
25
75
125
mV
—
[Under Voltage Lock out] (DCDC step down regulator)
UVLO Detection Voltage
VUON
UVLO Hysteresis Voltage
VUHY
VIN rising to Start Operation
5
Ver. AEB
AN30180A
ELECRTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Continued)
Cout = 4.7 μF (Murata), Lout = 1.0 μH (FDK) , VOUT Setting = 1.15V , VIN = AVIN = PVIN = 3.7 V,
Ta = 25 °C ± 2 °C unless otherwise noted.
Reference values
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Notes
[DCDC] (DCDC step down regulator)
Output current limit
ILMT
at VOUT drops
from 1.15 V to 1.035 V
CNT1 = L , CNT2 = L
—
1.8
—
A
*1
LX leak current
ILXL
VIN = 5.5 V,SHUTDOWN,
VLX = 0 V or 5.5 V
—
0
—
μA
*1
Efficiency 1
EF1
VOUT = 1.3 V, IOUT = 200mA
—
82
—
%
*1
Output ripple voltage 1
VRPL1
VOUT = 1.15 V, IOUT=600mA
—
5
—
mV[p-p]
*1
Output ripple voltage 2
VRPL2
VOUT = 1.15 V, IOUT = 10 μA
—
20
—
mV[p-p]
*1
Output voltage fluctuation during
load increase
VLSU
C = 4.7 μF, VOUT = 1.15 V,
IOUT = 10 μA to 400 mA ,
Δ t = 1 μs
—
25
—
mV
*1
Output voltage fluctuation during
load decrease
VLSD
C = 4.7 μF, VOUT = 1.15 V,
IOUT = 400 mA to 10 μA,
Δ t = 1 μs
—
50
—
mV
*1
Stabilization time when increased
load current
TLSU
VOUT = 1.15 V,
IOUT = 10 μA to 400 mA,
Δ t = 1 μs
—
5
—
μs
*1
*1 : Typical Value checked by design.
6
Ver. AEB
AN30180A
PIN CONFIGURATION
Top View
A1
A2
A3
B1
B2
B3
C1
C2
C3
PIN FUNCTION
Pin No.
Pin name
Type
Power supply
Description
A1
AVIN
A2
FB
A3
AGND
Ground
B1
PVIN
Power supply
B2
EN
Input
ON / OFF Control pin
B3
CNT2
Input
Output voltage control 2 pin
C1
LX
Output
LX Terminal Output
C2
PGND
Ground
Power Ground
C3
CNT1
Input
Input
Power supply pin
Feed Back voltage pin
Ground pin
Power supply pin for internal Power MOS
Output voltage control 1 pin
Notes) Concerning detail about pin description, please refer to OPERATION and APPLICATION INFORMATION section.
7
Ver. AEB
AN30180A
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
PVIN
AVIN
ENC
EN
B1
A1
B2
ON/OFF
1.24V
BGR
UVLO
VREG
2.4V
OSP
OCP
A2
FB
C3
C1
CNT1
CNT2
DAC
Control
Logic
B3
Timer
LX
Driver
Generator
A3
AGND
C2
PGND
Notes) This block diagram is for explaining functions. Part of the block diagram may be omitted, or it may be simplified.
8
Ver. AEB
AN30180A
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS CURVES
(1) Output ripple voltage
VIN = 3.7 V, Vout = 1.15 V , Cout = 4.7 μF , Lout = 1.0 μH
Iout = 1200 mA
Iout = 600 mA
LX
LX
Vout
Vout
(2) Load transient response
VIN = 3.7 V ,Vout = 1.15 V , Cout = 4.7 μF , Lout = 1.0 μH
Iout = 400 mA to 10 μA, Δ t = 1 μsec
Iout = 10 μA to 400 mA, Δ t = 1 μsec
LX
LX
Vout
Vout
Iout
Iout
9
Ver. AEB
AN30180A
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS CURVES (Continued)
(3) Efficiency
VIN = 2.5 V or 3.7 V or 5.5 V , Vout = 1.15 V , Cout = 4.7 μF , Lout = 1.0 μH
100
90
80
Efficiency[%]
70
60
50
40
VIN=2.50V
VIN=3.70V
VIN=5.50V
30
20
10
0
1
10
100
1000
Load Current[mA]
(4) Load regulation
VIN = 2.5 V or 3.7 V or 5.5 V , Vout = 1.15 V , Cout = 4.7 μF , Lout = 1.0 μH
1.4
VIN=2.50V
VIN=3.70V
VIN=5.50V
1.35
Output Voltage [V]
1.3
1.25
1.2
1.15
1.1
1.05
1
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Load Current [mA]
10
Ver. AEB
AN30180A
OPERATION
1. Pin Setting
Pin Voltage
Pin No.
B2
Description
Remarks
ON/OFF Control For DC-DC
Low
High
OFF
ON
Pin No.
C3
B3
Pin name
CNT1
CNT2
Low
Low
1.15 V
High
Low
1.30 V
Low
High
1.80 V
High
High
2.80 V
Output Voltage
Pin Voltage (*1)
11
Ver. AEB
AN30180A
OPERATION (Continued)
Note) The characteristics listed below are reference values derived from the design of the IC and are not guaranteed.
2. Protection
1. Power ON / OFF sequence
Output Over-Current Protection (OCP) function and
Short-Circuit Protection (OSP) function
VIN
EN
BGR
UVLO
Ground short protection hysteresis
25 μs
DCDC_ON
SS
VOUT
Output Voltage [V]
(1) The Over-Current Protection is activated at about
1.8 A (Typ.).
During the OCP, the output voltage continues to
drop at the specified current.
(2) The Short-Circuit Protection function is
implemented when the output voltage decreases
and the VFB pin reaches to about 70 % of the
output voltage setting.
(3) The OSP operates intermittently at 2ms-ON,
16ms-OFF intervals.
Over Current Protection (typ:1.8 A)
1.3 to 2.3 A
(1)
(2)
(3)
Intermittent
operation area
about 150 mA
(1)(2) (3)
(4)
(5)
(Ground short
protection detection
- about 70 % of Vout )
Pendency
characteristics
Output current [A]
Figure : OCP and OSP Operation
(1) When the EN pin is set to “High” after the VIN settles,
the BGR start-up.
(2) When the BGR exceeds its threshold value, the
UVLO is released and the SS(SOFT START)
sequence is enabled.
During soft start the current limit of DC-DC Step
Down Regulator is set to be lower than Normal
current limit
for preventing rush current.
Internal circuit power supply is turned on and wait for
the time determined by internal timer.
(3) DCDC_ON is turned on then DC-DC Step Down
Regulator is enabled. VOUT is risen up to reaches
the set voltage.
(4) After a Soft start timer current limit is set to be
Normal current limit.
(5) When the EN pin is set to “Low”, the BGR and UVLO
stop operation. The VOUT pin voltage starts to drop
by output discharge resister and load resistance.
(1)
IOUT
DCDC_ON
SS
OSP
VOUT
(2)
(2)
2 ms
2 ms
16 ms
16 ms
(3)
12
Ver. AEB
AN30180A
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
1. Application circuit
VIN
CNT1
CNT2
PVIN
Cin1
FB
AVIN
Cin2
VOUT
AN30180A
LX
Lout
Cout
EN
AGND
PGND
2. Recommended component
Reference Designator
QTY
Value
Manufacturer
Part Number
Note
Cin1
1
4.7 μF
Murata
GRM21BB31E475KA75B
—
Cin2
1
4.7 μF
Murata
GRM21BB31E475KA75B
—
Cout
1
4.7 μF
Murata
GRM21BB31E475KA75B
—
Lout
1
1.0 μH
FDK
MIPSZ2012D1R0
—
3. Evaluation board layout
Figure Top Layer with silk screen
( Top View ) with Evaluation board
Figure Bottom Layer with silk screen
( Bottom View ) with Evaluation board
Notes) This application circuit and layout is an example. The operation of mass production set is not guaranteed. You should perform
enough evaluation and verification on the design of mass production set. You are fully responsible for the incorporation of the
above application circuit and information in the design of your equipment.
13
Ver. AEB
AN30180A
PACKAGE INFORMATION (Reference Data)
Outline Drawing
Package Code : UBGA009-W-1515AEL
Unit:mm
Body Material : Br/Sb Free Epoxy Resin
Reroute Material : Cu
Bump : SnAgCu
14
Ver. AEB
AN30180A
IMPORTANT NOTICE
1.The products and product specifications described in this book are subject to change without notice for
modification and/or improvement. At the final stage of your design, purchasing, or use of the products, therefore,
ask for the most up-to-date Product Standards in advance to make sure that the latest specifications satisfy your
requirements.
2.When using the LSI for new models, verify the safety including the long-term reliability for each product.
3.When the application system is designed by using this LSI, be sure to confirm notes in this book.
Be sure to read the notes to descriptions and the usage notes in the book.
4.The technical information described in this book is intended only to show the main characteristics and application
circuit examples of the products. No license is granted in and to any intellectual property right or other right owned
by Panasonic Corporation or any other company. Therefore, no responsibility is assumed by our company as to
the infringement upon any such right owned by any other company which may arise as a result of the use of
technical information de-scribed in this book.
5.This book may be not reprinted or reproduced whether wholly or partially, without the prior written permission of
our company.
6.This LSI is intended to be used for general electronic equipment.
Consult our sales staff in advance for information on the following applications: Special applications in which
exceptional quality and reliability are required, or if the failure or malfunction of this LSI may directly jeopardize
life or harm the human body.
Any applications other than the standard applications intended.
(1) Space appliance (such as artificial satellite, and rocket)
(2) Traffic control equipment (such as for automobile, airplane, train, and ship)
(3) Medical equipment for life support
(4) Submarine transponder
(5) Control equipment for power plant
(6) Disaster prevention and security device
(7) Weapon
(8) Others : Applications of which reliability equivalent to (1) to (7) is required
It is to be understood that our company shall not be held responsible for any damage incurred as a result of or in
connection with your using the LSI described in this book for any special application, unless our company agrees
to your using the LSI in this book for any special application.
7.This LSI is neither designed nor intended for use in automotive applications or environments unless the specific
product is designated by our company as compliant with the ISO/TS 16949 requirements.
Our company shall not be held responsible for any damage incurred by you or any third party as a result of or in
connection with your using the LSI in automotive application, unless our company agrees to your using the LSI in
this book for such application.
8.If any of the products or technical information described in this book is to be exported or provided to non-residents,
the laws and regulations of the exporting country, especially, those with regard to security export control, must be
observed.
9. Please use this product in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations that regulate the inclusion or use of
controlled substances, including without limitation, the EU RoHS Directive.
Our company shall not be held responsible for any damage incurred as a result of your using the LSI not
complying with the applicable laws and regulations.
15
Ver. AEB
AN30180A
USAGE NOTES
1. When designing your equipment, comply with the range of absolute maximum rating and the guaranteed
operating conditions (operating power supply voltage and operating environment etc.). Especially, please be
careful not to exceed the range of absolute maximum rating on the transient state, such as power-on, power-off
and mode-switching. Otherwise, we will not be liable for any defect which may arise later in your equipment.
Even when the products are used within the guaranteed values, take into the consideration of incidence of
break down and failure mode, possible to occur to semiconductor products. Measures on the systems such as
redundant design, arresting the spread of fire or preventing glitch are recommended in order to prevent physical
injury, fire, social damages, for example, by using the products.
2. Comply with the instructions for use in order to prevent breakdown and characteristics change due to external
factors (ESD, EOS, thermal stress and mechanical stress) at the time of handling, mounting or at customer's
process. When using products for which damp-proof packing is required, satisfy the conditions, such as shelf
life and the elapsed time since first opening the packages.
3. Pay attention to the direction of LSI. When mounting it in the wrong direction onto the PCB (printed-circuit-board),
it might smoke or ignite.
4. Pay attention in the PCB (printed-circuit-board) pattern layout in order to prevent damage due to short circuit
between pins. In addition, refer to the Pin Description for the pin configuration.
5. Perform a visual inspection on the PCB before applying power, otherwise damage might happen due to
problems such as a solder-bridge between the pins of the semiconductor device. Also, perform a full technical
verification on the assembly quality, because the same damage possibly can happen due to conductive
substances, such as solder ball, that adhere to the LSI during transportation.
6. Take notice in the use of this product that it might break or occasionally smoke when an abnormal state occurs
such as output pin-VCC short (Power supply fault), output pin-GND short (Ground fault), or output-to-output-pin
short (load short) .
And, safety measures such as an installation of fuses are recommended because the extent of the abovementioned damage and smoke emission will depend on the current capability of the power supply.
7. The protection circuit is for maintaining safety against abnormal operation. Therefore, the protection circuit
should not work during normal operation.
Especially for the thermal protection circuit, if the area of safe operation or the absolute maximum rating is
momentarily exceeded due to output pin to VCC short (Power supply fault), or output pin to GND short (Ground
fault), the LSI might be damaged before the thermal protection circuit could operate.
8. Unless specified in the product specifications, make sure that negative voltage or excessive voltage are not
applied to the pins because the device might be damaged, which could happen due to negative voltage or
excessive voltage generated during the ON and OFF timing when the inductive load of a motor coil or actuator
coils of optical pick-up is being driven.
9. The product which has specified ASO (Area of Safe Operation) should be operated in ASO
10. Verify the risks which might be caused by the malfunctions of external components.
11. Connect the metallic plates on the back side of the LSI with their respective potentials (AGND, PVIN, LX). The
thermal resistance and the electrical characteristics are guaranteed only when the metallic plates are connected
with their respective potentials.
16
Ver. AEB
Request for your special attention and precautions in using the technical information and
semiconductors described in this book
(1) If any of the products or technical information described in this book is to be exported or provided to non-residents, the laws and
regulations of the exporting country, especially, those with regard to security export control, must be observed.
(2) The technical information described in this book is intended only to show the main characteristics and application circuit examples
of the products. No license is granted in and to any intellectual property right or other right owned by Panasonic Corporation or any
other company. Therefore, no responsibility is assumed by our company as to the infringement upon any such right owned by any
other company which may arise as a result of the use of technical information described in this book.
(3) The products described in this book are intended to be used for general applications (such as office equipment, communications
equipment, measuring instruments and household appliances), or for specific applications as expressly stated in this book.
Consult our sales staff in advance for information on the following applications:
– Special applications (such as for airplanes, aerospace, automotive equipment, traffic signaling equipment, combustion equipment,
life support systems and safety devices) in which exceptional quality and reliability are required, or if the failure or malfunction of
the products may directly jeopardize life or harm the human body.
It is to be understood that our company shall not be held responsible for any damage incurred as a result of or in connection with
your using the products described in this book for any special application, unless our company agrees to your using the products in
this book for any special application.
(4) The products and product specifications described in this book are subject to change without notice for modification and/or improvement. At the final stage of your design, purchasing, or use of the products, therefore, ask for the most up-to-date Product
Standards in advance to make sure that the latest specifications satisfy your requirements.
(5) When designing your equipment, comply with the range of absolute maximum rating and the guaranteed operating conditions
(operating power supply voltage and operating environment etc.). Especially, please be careful not to exceed the range of absolute
maximum rating on the transient state, such as power-on, power-off and mode-switching. Otherwise, we will not be liable for any
defect which may arise later in your equipment.
Even when the products are used within the guaranteed values, take into the consideration of incidence of break down and failure
mode, possible to occur to semiconductor products. Measures on the systems such as redundant design, arresting the spread of fire
or preventing glitch are recommended in order to prevent physical injury, fire, social damages, for example, by using the products.
(6) Comply with the instructions for use in order to prevent breakdown and characteristics change due to external factors (ESD, EOS,
thermal stress and mechanical stress) at the time of handling, mounting or at customer's process. When using products for which
damp-proof packing is required, satisfy the conditions, such as shelf life and the elapsed time since first opening the packages.
(7) This book may be not reprinted or reproduced whether wholly or partially, without the prior written permission of our company.
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