ZL70550 Preliminary Datasheet Ultra-Low-Power Sub-GHz RF Transceiver Microsemi Corporation (Nasdaq: MSCC) offers a comprehensive portfolio of semiconductor and system solutions for communications, defense & security, aerospace and industrial markets. Products include high-performance and radiation-hardened analog mixed-signal integrated circuits, FPGAs, SoCs and ASICs; power management products; timing and synchronization devices and precise time solutions, setting the world’s standard for time; voice processing devices; RF solutions; discrete components; Enterprise Storage and Communication solutions, security technologies and scalable anti-tamper products; Ethernet solutions; Power-over-Ethernet ICs and midspans; as well as custom design capabilities and services. Microsemi is headquartered in Aliso Viejo, Calif, and has approximately 4,800 employees globally. Learn more at www.microsemi.com. Microsemi Corporate Headquarters One Enterprise, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656 USA Within the USA: +1 (800) 713-4113 Outside the USA: +1 (949) 380-6100 Sales: +1 (949) 380-6136 Fax: +1 (949) 215-4996 E-mail: [email protected] ©2015-2016 Microsemi Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsemi and the Microsemi logo are registered trademarks of Microsemi Corporation. All other trademarks and service marks are the property of their respective owners. Microsemi makes no warranty, representation, or guarantee regarding the information contained herein or the suitability of its products and services for any particular purpose, nor does Microsemi assume any liability whatsoever arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit. The products sold hereunder and any other products sold by Microsemi have been subject to limited testing and should not be used in conjunction with mission-critical equipment or applications. Any performance specifications are believed to be reliable but are not verified, and Buyer must conduct and complete all performance and other testing of the products, alone and together with, or installed in, any end-products. Buyer shall not rely on any data and performance specifications or parameters provided by Microsemi. It is the Buyer's responsibility to independently determine suitability of any products and to test and verify the same. The information provided by Microsemi hereunder is provided “as is, where is” and with all faults, and the entire risk associated with such information is entirely with the Buyer. Microsemi does not grant, explicitly or implicitly, to any party any patent rights, licenses, or any other IP rights, whether with regard to such information itself or anything described by such information. Information provided in this document is proprietary to Microsemi, and Microsemi reserves the right to make any changes to the information in this document or to any products and services at any time without notice. ZL70550 Preliminary Datasheet: 152078-2 2/16 Contents 1 Revision History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 1.2 Revision 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Initial Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Features and Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.1 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Target Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.1 Typical Application Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 3 3 4 3 Functional Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.1 MAC Packet Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.1 Raw Bit Packet Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.2 Raw Byte Packet Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.3 User Packet Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.4 Z-Star Packet Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 6 6 7 8 4 Electrical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4.1 4.2 4.3 Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4.1.1 Recommended Operating Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Electrical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4.2.1 Voltage Regulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4.2.2 Digital Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4.2.3 Performance Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Transmit Power Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 4.3.1 Transmit Power vs. PA Trim Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 4.3.2 Transmit Power vs. Current Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 5 Pin Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5.1 5.2 5.3 Pin Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Pin Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Functional Pin Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 6 Package Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 6.1 6.2 Drawing and Markings for 32-Pin QFN Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Drawing and Markings for 29-Pin CSP Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 7 Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 ZL70550 Preliminary Datasheet Revision 2 iii Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 ZL70550 RF Transceiver Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 50-Ω Single-Ended Application Example with Optional Low-Pass Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Packet Format, Raw Byte Packet Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Packet Format, User Packet Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Packet Format, Z-Star Packet Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Crystal Oscillator with Optional Additional External Load Capacitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 TX Power vs. PA Trim Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 TX Power vs. Current Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Footprint (top view) for 32-Pin QFN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Footprint (bottom view) for 29-Pin CSP Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Package Drawing and Package Dimensions for 32-Pin QFN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Markings for 32-Pin QFN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Package Drawing and Package Dimensions for 29-Pin CSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Markings for 29-Pin CSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 ZL70550 Preliminary Datasheet Revision 2 iv Tables Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 Table 6 Table 7 Table 8 Table 9 Table 10 Table 11 Table 12 Table 13 Table 14 Table 15 Packet Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Recommended Operating Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Voltage Regulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Digital I/O AC and DC Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 General Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Current Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Synthesizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Transmitter RF Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Receiver RF Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Crystal Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Pinout for 32-Pin QFN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Pinout for 29-Pin CSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Overview of ZL70550 Interconnects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Ordering and Package Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 ZL70550 Preliminary Datasheet Revision 2 v Revision History 1 Revision History The revision history describes the changes that were implemented in the document. The changes are listed by revision, starting with the most current publication. 1.1 Revision 2 The following is a summary of the substantive changes in revision 2 of this document, dated February 2016. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Item 1. Updated document format to be more in line with current Microsemi corporate branding standards, including restructuring the outline. Item 2. Updated RX state current and TX state current; see Features and Specifications, page 2, and Current Consumption, page 11. Item 3. Updated reference frequency to 24MHz, which affects calculations for data rates, for channel separation, and for IF center frequency. See Features and Specifications, page 2, and General RF Parameters, page 11, and Receiver, page 13, and Crystal Oscillator, page 14. Item 4. Updated sensitivity specifications in Features and Specifications, page 2, and in Receiver, page 13. Item 5. Added Japanese bands in Features and Specifications, page 2. Item 6. Removed erroneous references to PHY in Features and Specifications, page 2, and in Z-Star Packet Mode, page 8. Item 7. Updated figures to show ten bytes of preamble and three bytes of frame sync; see MAC Packet Modes, page 5. Item 8. Updated output voltage, output current, and output rise time specifications in Digital Interface, page 10. Item 9. Added and modified table notes in General RF Parameters, page 11, in Current Consumption, page 11, in Receiver, page 13, and in Crystal Oscillator, page 14. Item 10. Updated limits for reference spurs in Synthesizer, page 12. Item 11. Updated limits for maximum input power, RSSI range, LBT minimum level, and 1-dB compression in Receiver, page 13. Item 12. Removed specifications for external clock output, average wake-up current, PLL clock time, PA ramp up/down, and channel change settling time in Electrical Specifications, page 9. Item 13. Updated graphs in Transmit Power Characteristics, page 15. Item 14. Changed markings for QFN in Drawing and Markings for 32-Pin QFN Package, page 21. Item 15. Changed package drawing for CSP and markings for CSP in Drawing and Markings for 29Pin CSP Package, page 22. Item 16. Updated part numbers and table notes under Ordering Information, page 24. This Preliminary Datasheet version contains information based on simulation and/or initial characterization. The information is believed to be correct, but changes are possible. 1.2 Initial Release Revision 1, dated September 2015, was the first publication of this document. This Advanced Datasheet version contained initial estimated information based on simulation, other products, devices, or speed grades. Such information can be used as estimates, but not for production, as the data is not fully characterized. ZL70550 Preliminary Datasheet Revision 2 1 Overview 2 Overview 2.1 Introduction The ZL70550 ultra-low-power RF transceiver provides efficient wireless communications for applications where power consumption is of primary importance. With combined ultralow transmit, receive, and sleep currents, the ZL70550 device is best-in-class for a wide range of high- and low-duty-cycle applications. The transceiver’s small size and ultralow power requirements make it feasible to operate the device with a single coin-cell battery or with energy-harvesting sources in extremely small form factors. The built-in support for Microsemi’s highly efficient and powerful Z-Star protocol allows users to rapidly develop ultralow-power wireless applications. 2.2 Features and Specifications The ZL70550 RF transceiver features include: • • • • • • Ultralow power • Typical TX current (with 50-Ω match): < 2.75mA at −10dBm; < 5.3mA at 0dBm • Typical RX current: <2.4mA (low IRX mode) • Sleep current: <10nA typical • Supply: 1.71V to 3.6V Operating frequency range: 779MHz to 965MHz • North American ISM band: 902MHz to 928MHz • European SRD band: 863MHz to 870MHz • Chinese band: 779MHz to 787MHz • Japanese bands: 916MHz to 930MHz and 950MHz to 956MHz Sensitivity and data rate: • Raw data rate: 200kbit/s, 100kbit/s, or 50kbit/s • Typical sensitivity: −106dBm typical at 50kbit/s at 3.2mA and with FEC −103dBm typical at 50kbit/s at 2.4mA and with FEC −99dBm typical at 200kbit/s at 3.2mA and without FEC −95dBm typical at 200kbit/s at 2.4mA and without FEC Very few external components • Matching network, crystal, decoupling capacitors, and bias resistor • Standard interface: SPI bus Optional built-in MAC • Microsemi Z-Star or user protocol support • Transmit and receive buffer • Automatic CSMA packet transfers • Efficient header optimized for small or large payloads • Optional preamble, frame sync, length, FEC, and CRC RoHS compliant ZL70550 Preliminary Datasheet Revision 2 2 Figure 1 • ZL70550 RF Transceiver Block Diagram IF Filter RF+ RSSI SPI_MOSI FEC / CRC SPI_MISO PA SPI_SEL_B SPI 5)í MAC LNA RX Buffer Block Diagram Limiter / FM Detector 2.2.1 Post-Detection Filter Overview SPI_CLK Crystal Oscillator RC Oscillator LDO Regulator Always-On Registers RESET_B TX Buffer TX Filter VCO IRQ GP3..0 RBIAS VDDIO XTAL1 XTAL2 2.3 VDDA VSUP VDDD GND 0001v1602.0 Target Applications End applications may include: • • • • • • • • Medical monitoring Industrial/building/home automation Security Smart cities Advanced metering infrastructure Asset management Energy harvesting Voice/compressed-audio communications ZL70550 Preliminary Datasheet Revision 2 3 Overview 2.3.1 Typical Application Diagram The following figure is representative of a 50-Ω single-ended implementation (refer to Figure 2, page 4). An optional low-pass filter on the output is recommended to attenuate second and third harmonic spurious emissions to meet regulatory standards. Figure 2 • 50-Ω Single-Ended Application Example with Optional Low-Pass Filter VDD C8 39pF VSUP C7 0.1μF XTAL1 L1 8.7nH L2 8.7nH 50 ohms C1 100pF C2 100pF Application Interface RF- SPI_SEL_B SPI_MISO SPI_MOSI VDDIO L5 8.2nH C3 0.7pF RESET_B SPI_CLK L4 39nH RF+ XTAL2 4 C9 39pF ZL70550 (QFN) L3 39nH VDDA C4 0.7pF C5 C6 3.6pF 3.6pF Optional LP filter (Note 3) C11 0.1μF VDDD C10 0.1μF . VDDTEST IO_MAP TEST_SEL Paddle RBIAS R1 49.9 N IRQ GP3 GP2 GP1 GP0 Application Interface SCAN_TEST 0002v1507.1 Notes: 1. This schematic is based on the REMOTE550 board from the ZLE70550 Application Development Kit. 2. C3, C4, L3, and L4 values may change if the layout differs from the REMOTE550 board layout. To ensure optimal performance, please do not deviate from the REMOTE550 board layout. 3. L1 and L2 are optimized for tuning over the middle to upper frequency range (863MHz to 965MHz). Changing L1 and L2 to approximately 12nH allows tuning over the lower to middle frequency range (779MHz to 868MHz). 4. The optional low-pass filter reduces the transmitter spurious emissions by approximately 16dB for the second harmonic and 23dB for the third harmonic. Another option would be to replace this circuit with a SAW filter to attenuate spurious emissions and to provide protection against blockers. 5. Use Murata part number GCM155R71C104KA55D or equivalent for C10 and C11. ZL70550 Preliminary Datasheet Revision 2 4 Functional Descriptions 3 Functional Descriptions The ultra-low-power ZL70550 RF transceiver enables RF telemetry in applications powered by coin-cell batteries or energy harvesting, where wireless telemetry was previously unfeasible. End applications may include wireless sensors, medical monitoring, industrial/home automation, or smart cities. With a typical peak/average current consumption below 2.4mA in receive and 2.75mA in transmit, and with an upper data rate of 200kbit/s, the ZL70550 device enables bidirectional RF links over a distance of more than 100 meters (based on antenna gain and matching loss). The output power is programmable and can be reduced to −25dBm to save power in cases where the link budget allows it, or can be increased up to 0dBm for more range or to allow for system losses such as a very small antenna or body tissue absorption. To achieve the minimum possible power consumption, the ZL70550 device offers many automatic calibrations, all available to the user via the SPI bus. In addition to its ultralow power consumption, the ZL70550 device also includes a highly flexible Media Access Controller (MAC) that offers four different packet modes of operation ranging from automatic packet transactions to low-level direct modulation via a serial clock and data. 3.1 MAC Packet Modes The three different packet modes in which the ZL70550 MAC state machine operates, as well as a direct modulation mode where users have full control over their own packet or streaming protocols, are described in Table 1, page 5. These packet modes give users tremendous flexibility in defining their own packet parameters and transaction capabilities, ranging from a user-defined bit stream to fully automated multipacket transactions based on Microsemi’s Z-Star protocol. Table 1 • Packet Mode Packet Modes of Operation Description Pre/Frm Sync FEC PHY AutoMAC Header Length Header CRC Raw bit Optional serial clock and data (TX/RX buffer or GP3..0 pins) No No No No No No Raw byte Compatible with ZL70251 MAC with optional FEC and CRC Yes Opt No No No Opt User User-defined packet (no MAC header) Yes Opt Yes Yes No Opt Z-Star Fully functional MAC based on Microsemi’s Z-Star protocol Yes Opt Yes Yes Yes Yes ZL70550 Preliminary Datasheet Revision 2 5 Functional Descriptions 3.1.1 Raw Bit Packet Mode In raw bit mode, raw bits are transmitted without preamble, frame sync pattern, header, or CRC. If these properties are needed, then they must be encoded in the bit stream. The bit stream may be sourced from the TX buffer, from the GP3..0 pins, or generated from an internal pattern generator. On the receiver side, the bit stream is received without frame synchronization or byte alignment. The received data either can be placed in the receive buffer or can be output with a clock on the GP3..0 pins. Raw bit mode has two basic applications. First, it can be used for raw bit error testing using the GP3..0 pins. Second, it can be used for applications where the packet framing is not desired, or for data rates not supported by the ZL70550 device. There are limitations to this second case. 3.1.2 Raw Byte Packet Mode In raw byte packet mode, packets are transmitted without a MAC header, similar to the ZL70251 device. The CRC is optional but requires either a fixed-length packet or length information in the packet such that the application processor can dynamically extract the length from the beginning of the packet and change the RX packet length before the end of the packet is received. The packet format is shown in Figure 3, page 6. If raw byte packet mode is used, then the TX and RX packet lengths are controlled by tx_buf_len and rx_frm_len, respectively. During reception, users may update rx_frm_len, providing this occurs before the end of the packet. Usually this requires users to embed the packet length as the first byte of the payload. The packet may optionally be terminated if the RSSI drops below the RSSI threshold setting or if a SPI Abort command is executed. In all cases, rx_frm_len indicates the length of the received packet. Figure 3 • Packet Format, Raw Byte Packet Mode Raw Byte Packet (PPDU) PHY Frame 0-511 0-510 Octets: Octet order: 10 0-9 3 0-2 Preamble Frame Sync 2/4 0-3 Payload 0010v1602.0 ZL70550 Preliminary Datasheet Revision 2 MAC Frame CRC (FCS) 6 Functional Descriptions 3.1.3 User Packet Mode In user packet mode, packets are transmitted with a PHY header and optional FEC and CRC. The basic packet format is shown in Figure 4, page 7. The PHY header contains the length of the packet, which is used by the receiver to terminate the packet and calculate the CRC. The format of the PHY header in the received packet is flexible in that the length may be located at a programmable offset from the beginning of the PHY frame. It may be of various lengths and either MSB or LSB first. For automatic PHY header generation on the transmit side, single-byte PHY headers are supported with LSB first by setting tx_auto_hdr equal to 1. For other formats, the PHY header must come from the transmit buffer. Figure 4 • Packet Format, User Packet Mode User Packet (PPDU) PHY Frame 0-511 0-510 Octets: Octet order: Octets: Octet order: Bits: Bit order: 0009v1602.0 10 0-9 3 0-2 Header Preamble Frame Sync PHY Header Payload 2/4 0-3 MAC Frame CRC (FCS) 0-2 0-1 0-12 0-9 0-8 or 8-0 0-12 UserDefined Frame Length UserDefined Payload Offset 1-12 ZL70550 Preliminary Datasheet Revision 2 7 Functional Descriptions 3.1.4 Z-Star Packet Mode In Z-Star packet mode, packets are transmitted with a MAC header, a PHY header, either a 16-bit or 32-bit CRC (also known as a Frame Check Sequence (FCS)), and an option for using FEC. The basic packet format is shown in Figure 5, page 8. Z-Star packet mode supports the MAC layer of the Z-Star protocol as defined in the Z-Star protocol specification. The ZL70550 hardware performs the following Z-Star MAC functions: • • • • • Automatic CSMA algorithm with random back off (LBT) Transmitting a packet with or without automatic acknowledgment reception Programmable automatic retransmissions Data request (node request to hub for data) Sniff with automatic packet reception or sleep (supports mesh networking) The ZL70550 Z-Star MAC is a highly optimized and ultra-low-power protocol supporting a node/hub star network ideally suited for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) or Internet of things (IoT) applications. It is also highly flexible to support point-to-point transactions or other topologies. The combination of the highly optimized Z-Star MAC protocol and the best-in-class, ultra-low-power radio make the ZL70550 device the radio of choice where power efficiency is paramount. Figure 5 • Packet Format, Z-Star Packet Mode Z-Star Packet (PPDU) PHY Frame MAC Frame (MPDU) MAC Header (MHR) Octets: Octet order: Bits: 2 Bit order: b0-b1 Frame Format = 00 10 0-9 3 0-2 2 0-1 2 0-1 1/8 0-7 Preamble Frame Sync PHY Header Frame Control Source ID 1 b6 1 b7 9 b2-b10 MAC Frame Length 1 b11 4 b12-b15 FCS Length PHY Hdr CRC (PCS) 1/8 0-7 1 0 Destination Network ID ID 0-504 0-503 2/4 0-3 MAC MAC Frame CRC Payload (FCS) PHY Header Bits: Bit order: 3 b0-b2 Frame Type 0008v1602.1 3 b3-b5 4 b0-b3 1 b4 1 b5 1 b6 1 b7 Frame Ack Frame Frame Reserved Addressing Reserved Security Sequence Request Pending Subtype =0 Mode =0 = 0/1 Number (A/R) (FP) ZL70550 Preliminary Datasheet Revision 2 8 Electrical Specifications 4 Electrical Specifications Voltages are with respect to ground (VSS) unless otherwise stated. 4.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings Table 2 • Absolute Maximum Ratings Limits Parameter Symbol Min. Max. Unit Notes Supply voltage VSUP −0.3 3.6 V Note 1 Digital I/O supply voltage VDDIO −0.3 3.6 V Note 1 Digital I/O voltage VIOD VSS − 0.3 VDDIO + 0.3 V Note 2 Analog I/O voltage VIOA VSS − 0.3 VSUP + 0.3 V Note 3 RF I/O voltage VIORF VSS − 0.3 2 × VDDA V Note 4 Storage temperature TSTG −40 85 °C Unpowered Electrostatic discharge (human body model) VHBM 500 V RF and crystal pads; Note 5 1500 V All other pads; Note 5 250 V All pads Electrostatic discharge (chargeddevice model) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. VCDM Application of voltage beyond the stated absolute maximum rating may cause permanent damage to the device or cause reduced reliability. Applies to digital interface pins including GP3..0, IRQ, RESET_B, SPI_CLK, SPI_MISO, SPI_MOSI, SPI_SEL_B, IO_MAP, SCAN_TEST, and TEST_SEL. Applies to analog interface pins, including RBIAS, XTAL1, and XTAL2. Applies to RF interface pins, including RF+, RF−, TX+, TX−, RX+, and RX−. Applied one at a time. Exceeding these values may cause permanent damage. Functional operation under these conditions is not implied. 4.1.1 Recommended Operating Conditions The recommended operating conditions define the nominal conditions for the device. This means that a specified parameter is valid for the recommended operating conditions stated in Table 3, page 9, unless otherwise noted. Table 3 • Recommended Operating Conditions Limits Parameter Symbol Min. Supply voltage VDDOP 1.8 Operating temperature TOP −40 Typ. 25 Max. Unit 3.5 V 85 °C ZL70550 Preliminary Datasheet Revision 2 Notes 9 Electrical Specifications 4.2 Electrical Characteristics 4.2.1 Voltage Regulators Table 4 • Voltage Regulators Limits Parameter Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit Note Output voltage range VDDA 1.46 1.52 1.57 V Note 1 Output voltage range VDDD 1.20 1.25 1.30 V Note 1 1. Do not connect external circuits to these pins. VDDA and VDDD are regulated supplies for the internal analog and digital circuits, respectively, of the ZL70550 device. 4.2.2 Digital Interface Table 5 • Digital I/O AC and DC Specifications Limits Parameter Symbol Min. High-level output voltage VOH VDD − 0.2 Low-level output voltage VOL High-level input voltage VIH Low-level input voltage VIL High-level output current Max. Unit Note V VSS + 0.2 V VDDIO × 0.85 VDDIO V VSSD VDDIO × 0.15 V IOH 1 mA Low-level output current IOL 1 mA Input leakage current ILEAK 10 nA Output rise time (20% to 80%) TR 35 ns Load of 120pF at 1mA Output fall time (80% to 20%) TF 35 ns Load of 120pF at 1mA −10 ZL70550 Preliminary Datasheet Revision 2 10 Electrical Specifications 4.2.3 Performance Characteristics The specified performance of the ZL70550 device is valid over a supply range of 1.8V to 3.5V. 4.2.3.1 General RF Parameters Table 6 • General Characteristics Limits Parameter Min. Operating frequency range 779 Typ. Reference frequency Symbol rate Channel separation 1. 2. Unit 965 MHz MHz See Note 1 200 kbit/s 300-kHz channel width (24MHz / 20 / 6) 100 kbit/s 300-kHz channel width (24MHz / 20 / 12) 50 kbit/s 300-kHz channel width (24MHz / 20 / 24) 300 kHz Note 2 1 0.45 Note 24 Crystal oscillator startup time Modulation index Max. 0.5 ms 0.55 Based on a raw data rate of 200kbit/s In order to save power and reduce the number of external components, the crystal oscillator has a 3-pF load instead of a typical 8-pF or 10-pF load (refer to Table 11, page 14). The 3-pF load is representative of the pin and PCB parasitic capacitance. This is not an occupied bandwidth. It is based on the typical channel bandwidth; however, other channel bandwidths can be programmed. 4.2.3.2 Current Consumption Table 7 • Current Consumption Limits Parameter Symbol SLEEP state current IDLE state current Typ. Max Unit Note ISLEEP 10 50 nA Partial register retention only IIDLE 200 300 μA Crystal oscillator running only 2.4 mA LNA gain=8’h0F, LNA bias=8’h05 3.2 mA LNA gain=8’h0F, LNA bias=8’h29 5.3 mA 0dBm into a 50-Ω load 2.75 mA −10dBm into a 50-Ω load 2.4 mA RX state current IRX TX state current (CW on 916MHz) ITX RSSI sniff current ISNIFF Min. ZL70550 Preliminary Datasheet Revision 2 11 Electrical Specifications 4.2.3.3 Synthesizer Table 8 • Synthesizer Limits Parameter Symbol Min. Phase noise at 100kHz ΦSYNTH_100k Reference spurs ΨSYNTH_CLRS 4.2.3.4 Transmitter Table 9 • Transmitter RF Characteristics Typ. Max. Unit Note −92 dBc/Hz CW observed from PA −60 dBc At 300kHz (25°C); CW from PA Limits Parameter Condition Min. Typ. PA=maximum setting 0 PA=minimum setting −25 Max. Unit Note dBm Measured on ADK (50Ω match); no SAW filter (for typical values refer to Figure 7, page 15) Output power Spurious emissions −35 TX-RX or RX-TX turnaround time 1. 850 dBm µs Programmable Highest data rate See Note 1 Last bit of previous packet to first bit of header. ZL70550 Preliminary Datasheet Revision 2 12 Electrical Specifications 4.2.3.5 Receiver Table 10 • Receiver RF Characteristics Limits Parameter Min. Sensitivity at 25°C, 1.8V Maximum input power Typ. Max. Unit Note −106 dBm 50kbit/s with IRX =3.2mA (LNA gain=8’h0F, LNA bias=8’h29) with FEC −103 dBm 50kbit/s with IRX =2.4mA (LNA gain=8’h0F, LNA bias=8’h21) with FEC −99 dBm 200kbit/s with IRX =3.2mA (LNA gain=8’h0F, LNA bias=8’h29) without FEC −95 dBm 200kbit/s with IRX =2.4mA (LNA gain=8’h0F, LNA bias=8’h05) without FEC dBm 200kbit/s with IRX =2.4mA (LNA gain=8’h0F, LNA bias=8’h21) with FEC −34 Cascaded voltage gain 30 dB LNA and mixer; programmable, with five settings in 3-dB to 4-dB steps (IRX =2.4mA) IF center frequency 600 kHz (300kHz × 2) dB Linear range (±1 LSB) Digital, 32 levels of 2dB RSSI range 40 RSSI resolution 2 dB Note 1 RSSI accuracy ±2 dB Note 2 Listen Before Talk (LBT) minimum level −100 dB Adjacent channel rejection 11 dB Relative to sensitivity Desired channel 3dB above the sensitivity limit; 300-kHz channel spacing with a modulated interferer Alternate channel rejection 25 dB Relative to sensitivity Desired channel 3dB above the sensitivity limit; 600-kHz channel spacing with a modulated interferer 11 dB At ±2MHz, EN300 200 limits 31 dB At ±10MHz, EN300 200 limits Blocker rejection 1-dB compression −41 dBm LNA gain=8’h0F Third-order input intercept point 3.5 mVrms LNA gain=8’h07 1. 2. Nominal ADC quantization. The average RSSI results have seven bits rather than five if the averaging length is four or more. The accuracy in this case is ±0.5dB due to the dithering/averaging of noise at lower levels where LBT thresholds are set. Calibrated at one LNA gain, one temperature and one input level (for LBT). ZL70550 Preliminary Datasheet Revision 2 13 Electrical Specifications 4.2.3.6 Crystal Oscillator All frequency-related specifications are based on the crystal oscillator performance, which, in turn, is dependent on the crystal specifications. The ZL70550 device specifications assume that the crystal specifications listed in the following table are met or exceeded (refer to Table 11, page 14). The crystal oscillator is trimmable to ±5ppm at room temperature when attached to a crystal meeting the specifications in Table 11, page 14. Table 11 • Crystal Specifications Limits Parameter Min. Frequency Typ. Max. 24 Unit Note MHz Frequency tolerance −30 30 ppm Stability with temperature −25 25 ppm Operating temperature range −40 85 °C Equivalent series resistance 12 130 ohm Motional resistance 0 1 17 ohm Shunt capacitance 1.4 1.65 1.9 pF Note 1 Motional capacitance 3.2 3.35 3.5 fF Note 1 pF Note 2 Load capacitance 25 3 Drive level Aging 1. 2. −3 50 µW 3 ppm Over operating temperature First year only; none thereafter A low shunt capacitance and high motional capacitance is best as it results in a larger trim range. It is particularly important if external capacitors are used, as those reduce the trim range. In order to save power, the crystal oscillator presents a 3-pF load instead of the typical 8-pF or 10-pF load. A slight frequency pull, on the order of 100ppm to 150ppm, would result if using a standard crystal without additional external load capacitors. Such a deviation has no effect on the operation of the device and is generally not a problem for most applications, providing all ZL70550 devices have the same frequency pull (within trimmable range). If the deviation is not acceptable and power is critical, a special cut crystal may be used (that is, slightly slower to compensate for the pull). Microsemi is engaging with crystal manufacturers in developing custom crystals that operate at 24MHz with only a 3-pF load. Alternatively, if power is not as critical, external capacitors can be added (as shown in Figure 6, page 14) to bring the total load capacitance to the crystal load specification. For instance, for a crystal with an 8-pF load specification (CL), CLEXT = 8pF − 3pF = 5pF, so two 10-pF capacitors need to be added, one on each end of the crystal. It must be noted that this results in a reduced trim range. Figure 6 • Crystal Oscillator with Optional Additional External Load Capacitors 2×CLext CLint = 3 pF 2×CLext 0008~Xtal diagram~v1111.0 ZL70550 Preliminary Datasheet Revision 2 14 Electrical Specifications 4.3 Transmit Power Characteristics The following figures illustrate the relationship between TX power, PA trim setting, and current consumption (refer to Figure 7, page 15, and Figure 8, page 15). These measurements were made on the REMOTE550 board from a ZL70550 Application Development Kit (ADK) at room temperature and with a supply voltage of 1.8V. The figures include the losses of the matching network (approximately 2 dB to 3dB). 4.3.1 Transmit Power vs. PA Trim Value Figure 7 • TX Power vs. PA Trim Value PA Trim Value 4.00 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 2.00 Tx Power (dBm) 0.00 -2.00 -4.00 -6.00 -8.00 -10.00 Tx Pwr (915.9 MHz) -12.00 Tx Pwr (867.9 MHz) -14.00 0017v1602.0 4.3.2 Transmit Power vs. Current Consumption Figure 8 • TX Power vs. Current Consumption Current (mA) 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6.5 6 5 TX Power (dBm) 0 -5 -10 Tx Current (915.9 MHz) Tx Current (867.9 MHz) -15 0018v1602.0 ZL70550 Preliminary Datasheet Revision 2 15 Pin Descriptions 5 Pin Descriptions The ZL70550 device is available in two package options, a 32-pin QFN and a 29-pin CSP. The pins are described in this section. 5.1 Pin Diagrams The following illustrations are representations of the QFN and CSP packages, respectively, for the ZL70550 device. XTAL1 GND NC NC 5)í RF+ GND NC Footprint (top view) for 32-Pin QFN NC XTAL2 RBIAS SCAN_TEST VDDTEST SPI_MISO NC NC (Top View) VDDA SPI_MOSI VSUP TEST_SEL VDDD SPI_CLK GP3 SPI_SEL_B NC VDDIO IRQ GP0 2 GP1 1 RESET_B IO_MAP GP2 Figure 9 • ZL70550 Preliminary Datasheet Revision 2 0004v1509.0 16 Pin Descriptions Figure 10 • Footprint (bottom view) for 29-Pin CSP Package 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 A B C D E BOTTOM VIEW 5.2 0016v1602.0 Pin Lists The pinouts for the QFN and CSP packages of the ZL70550 device are listed in Table 12, page 18, and Table 13, page 18, respectively. Connect the internal ground paddle to the ground plane of the PCB. A minimum of four vias between the SMD pad and the ground plane are recommended to ensure reliable performance. For the QFN, the ground paddle is the primary ground for the device in addition to pins 18 and 23 (refer to Table 12, page 18). ZL70550 Preliminary Datasheet Revision 2 17 Pin Descriptions Table 12 • Pinout for 32-Pin QFN Pin Name1 Pin Number Pin Name1 Pin Number GP2 1 GND 18 RESET_B 2 NC 19 GP1 3 NC 20 GP0 4 RF− 21 IRQ 5 RF+ 22 VDDIO 6 GND 23 NC 7 NC 24 SPI_SEL_B 8 NC 25 IO_MAP 9 RBIAS 26 SPI_CLK 10 VDDTEST 27 TEST_SEL 11 NC 28 SPI_MOSI 12 VDDA 29 NC 13 VSUP 30 SPI_MISO 14 VDDD 31 SCAN_TEST 15 GP3 32 XTAL2 16 Paddle N/A XTAL1 17 1. NC denotes reserved pin. Do not use; do not connect. Table 13 • Pinout for 29-Pin CSP Pin Name Pin Number Pin Name Pin Number RX+ A1 GP0 C6 RBIAS A2 IRQ C7 VDDTEST A3 TX− D1 VSSA A4 SCAN_TEST D4 VDDA A5 TEST_SEL D5 VDDD A6 IO_MAP D6 GP3 A7 VDDIO D7 TX+ B1 VSSA2 E1 GP1 B4 XTAL1 E2 VSUP B5 XTAL2 E3 GP2 B6 SPI_MISO E4 RESET_B B7 SPI_MOSI E5 RX− C1 SPI_CLK E6 VSSD C4 SPI_SEL_B E7 VSSD2 C5 ZL70550 Preliminary Datasheet Revision 2 18 Pin Descriptions 5.3 Functional Pin Descriptions The following table shows the functional pin descriptions for the ZL70550 device. Table 14 • Overview of ZL70550 Interconnects Symbol I/O Type Description Interconnects Available on All Package Options GP0 I/O A/D Analog and digital test bus input and output. General-purpose use for digital I/O. GP1 I/O A/D Analog and digital test bus input and output. General-purpose use for digital I/O. GP2 I/O A/D Analog and digital test bus input and output. General-purpose use for digital I/O. GP3 I/O A/D Analog and digital test bus input and output. General-purpose use for digital I/O. 7IO_MAP I D Connect to ground. Used for device testing only. IRQ O D Interrupt output. NC N/A N/A No connection (do not ground pin). RBIAS I A Bias setting resistor used to trim the internal current reference. Use a 49.9-kohm resistor (±1%) to ground. RESET_B I D Asynchronous reset (active low) with a minimum low period of 100ns. When low, the ZL70550 is in reset and all circuits are off. When transitioning from low to high, all registers are set to their power-on-reset values, the crystal oscillator starts up, all other circuits are disabled, and the ZL70550 enters into the IDLE state. SCAN_TEST I D Connect to ground. Used for device testing only. SPI_CLK I D SPI bus clock input. SPI_MISO O D SPI bus data output. This output is tri-stated when SPI_SEL_B is high and driven when SPI_SEL_B is low. SPI_MOSI I D SPI bus data input. SPI_SEL_B I D SPI bus select input (active low). When low, the SPI_MISO output buffer is enabled. TEST_SEL I D Connect to ground. Used for device testing only. VDDA O A 1.52-volt regulator output used to power most on-chip analog circuits. Connect a 100-nF X7R ceramic capacitor between VDDA and ground. VDDD O A/D 1.25-volt regulator output used to power most on-chip digital circuits. Connect a 100-nF X7R ceramic capacitor between VDDD and ground. VDDIO I A/D Power supply input to the internal level shifters (1.8 volts to 3.5 volts). Controls the digital signaling level for all ZL70550 digital I/O. VDDTEST I A Connect to ground. Used for device testing only. VSUP I A/D Supply voltage (1.71 volts to 3.6 volts). XTAL1 I A Crystal connection to the gate (input) of the crystal oscillator. Can also be driven with an external clock source. XTAL2 O A Crystal connection to the drain (output) of the crystal oscillator. ZL70550 Preliminary Datasheet Revision 2 19 Pin Descriptions Table 14 • Symbol Overview of ZL70550 Interconnects (continued) I/O Type Description RF and Ground Connections on QFN Package Paddle I A/D Ground connection. GND I A/D Ground connection. RF+ I/O A RF positive (TX/RX). TX+ and RX+ are bonded together. RF− I/O A RF negative (TX/RX). TX− and RX− are bonded together. RF and Ground Connections on CSP Package RX+ I A Receiver RF positive input. This input is AC coupled and is connected to an internal shunt capacitor that can be used for automatic tuning to antennas or matching networks that connect directly to the receiver inputs. RX− I A Receiver RF negative input.This input is AC coupled and is connected to an internal shunt capacitor that can be used for automatic tuning to antennas or matching networks that connect directly to the receiver inputs. TX+ O A Transmitter RF positive output. Requires external biasing to VDDA. TX− O A Transmitter RF negative output. Requires external biasing to VDDA. VSSA I A Ground connection. VSSA2 I A Ground connection. VSSD I A Ground connection. VSSD2 I A Ground connection. ZL70550 Preliminary Datasheet Revision 2 20 Package Information 6 Package Information 6.1 Drawing and Markings for 32-Pin QFN Package Figure 11 • Package Drawing and Package Dimensions for 32-Pin QFN E A K A1 L D J e/2 Pin 1 Area Pin 1 Identifier A3 TOP VIEW b e BOTTOM VIEW SEATING PLANE 0003v1602.0 Common Dimensions Symbol Minimum Nominal Maximum A 0.8 0.9 1.0 A1 0 0.02 0.05 A3 b 0.2 0.20 0.25 D 5.00 E 5.00 e 0.50 0.30 J 3.40 3.50 3.60 K 3.40 3.50 3.60 L 0.35 0.40 0.45 Notes: 1. Dimensioning and tolerances conform to ASME Y14.5M. – 1994. 2. All dimensions are in millimeters. 3. Not to scale. ZL70550 Preliminary Datasheet Revision 2 21 Package Information Figure 12 • Markings for 32-Pin QFN Notes: 1. YY = Last two digits of year of encapsulation 2. WW = Week number of encapsulation 3. ZZ = Assembly lot sequence code 4. A = Assigned Assembly Site Identifier 5. F = Fab code 6. R = Product revision code 7. e3 = Denotes Pb-free MSC ZL70550 e3 F R e3 YYWWAZZ Pin 1 Corner 6.2 0006v1602.0 Drawing and Markings for 29-Pin CSP Package Figure 13 • Package Drawing and Package Dimensions for 29-Pin CSP A E 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 A B D C e D E A1 b BOTTOM VIEW e 0005v1507.0 Common Dimensions (mm) Symbol Minimum Nominal Maximum A 0.317 A1 0.115 b1 0.150 D 1.99 E 3.085 e TBD BSC Notes: 1. UBM diameter 2. Ball positions are currently being updated. ZL70550 Preliminary Datasheet Revision 2 22 Package Information Figure 14 • Markings for 29-Pin CSP MSC ZL70550 e2 F R e2 YYWWAZZ 0007v1602.0 Notes: 1. YY = Last two digits of year of encapsulation 2. WW = Week number of encapsulation 3. ZZ = Assembly lot sequence code 4. A = Assigned Assembly Site Identifier 5. F = Fab code 6. R = Product revision code 7. e2 = Denotes Pb-free 8. Orientation marker corresponds to pin A1 ZL70550 Preliminary Datasheet Revision 2 23 Ordering Information 7 Ordering Information The ZL70550 RF transceiver is available in two package options. Table 15 • Ordering and Package Overview Ordering Code Temp Range (°C) Package Delivery Form Pb-Free ZL70550LDF1 −40 to 85 (contact Microsemi for availability) 32-pin QFN Tape and reel YES 1 ZL70550UGB4 −40 to 85 (contact Microsemi for availability) 29-pin CSP Tape and reel YES 2 1. 2. Matte tin. Sn/Ag (97.5 percent tin, 2.5 percent silver). ZL70550 Preliminary Datasheet Revision 2 24