Application Notes

AN10580
GreenChip TEA1761 synchronous rectification and feedback
controller
Rev. 01 — 19 March 2008
Application note
Document information
Info
Content
Keywords
GreenChip SR, TEA1761, Synchronous rectification, high efficiency,
flyback, voltage regulation
Abstract
The TEA1761 is a member of the new generation of synchronous rectifier
controller ICs for switched mode power supplies. Its high level of
integration allows the design of a cost effective power supply with a very
low number of external components.
The TEA1761 is a controller IC dedicated for synchronous rectification on
the secondary side of discontinuous conduction mode and quasi-resonant
flyback converters. Besides electronics for synchronous rectification,
circuitry for output voltage and output current regulation is integrated.
The TEA1761 is fabricated in a Silicon On Insulator (SOI) process. This
NXP SOI process makes a wide voltage range possible.
AN10580
NXP Semiconductors
GreenChip TEA1761 SR and feedback controller
Revision history
Rev
Date
Description
Rev. 01
20080319
First edition
Contact information
For more information, please visit: http://www.nxp.com
For sales office addresses, please send an email to: [email protected]
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GreenChip TEA1761 SR and feedback controller
1. Introduction
The TEA1761 is a controller for synchronous rectification, to be used in quasi-resonant
and discontinuous conduction mode flyback converters. Besides control of the SR
MOSFET, the TEA1761 contains the voltage reference and amplifiers to regulate and
control the output voltage and output current of the power supply.
2. Application schematic TEA1761
Figure 1 shows a typical synchronous rectification application using the TEA1761.
2
4
R18
1
T1
9, 10
V OUT
R30
7, 8
R32
R41
1
C8
C39
R19
U2−2
C31
R31
2
C36
U3
8
D3
VCC
5
VSENSE
n.c.
OPTO
ISENSE
Q2
C9
SRSENSE DRIVER
1
C37
C38
6
1
3
2
7
R33
GND
4
2
R34
R15
R35
R36
R37
R42
GND
Q3
R40
R39
Q4
R38
C33
C35
C34
014aaa051
Fig 1.
Example of the TEA1761 in a 90 W adapter
See Table 1 in Section 6.2 for the component values, which are relevant to the
application’s behavior.
3. Functional description and application
3.1 SR control
The TEA1761 uses the SRSENSE pin as an input to control the MOSFETs.
There is no adjustment necessary for the SR control.
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The SR MOSFET is switched on when the voltage at the SRSENSE pin is
lower than −310 mV.
When the voltage at the SRSENSE pin reaches –55 mV (ID × RDSon), the driver decreases
and regulates the gate voltage of the MOSFET in order to maintain the –55 mV at the
SRSENSE pin.
When the voltage at the SRSENSE pin rises above −12 mV (typical), the SR MOSFET is
switched off.
The synchronous rectification remains active in standby-mode, as long as the secondary
stroke is less than 2 μs (typical). The driver of the TEA1761 has been designed such that
there is no additional power consumption in standby with the MOSFET active.
For the best performance it is advisable to connect the SRSENSE pin as close as
possible to the drain of the MOSFETs. Also see Section 6.1.
It is not necessary to place a resistor between the driver output and the MOSFET gate. If
such a series resistor is required, e.g. for reasons of reducing switching noise, then it must
be checked if the SR MOSFET is kept off under all circumstances, especially at high
temperature of the SR MOSFET. At switch-on of the primary side MOSFET, the voltage at
the drain of the SR MOSFET goes up with a high ΔV/Δt. The steep ΔV/Δt causes a current
flow through the Cdg capacitor, from gate to drain. This current increases the gate voltage
of the MOSFET. If this rises above the threshold voltage, Vth(en), the SR MOSFET is
switched on. This should be prevented.
3.2 Function of resistors in series with pin SRSENSE
In the TEA1761 there is an ESD protection at every pin for handling during production.
Because this ESD protection can still be triggered by an ESD event or test during normal
operation, additional protection by a resistive path is recommended.
If the ESD protection circuit is activated by an external ESD event in the application, then
there will be a short circuit between the SRSENSE pin and GND pin. In this event the IC
could be damaged.
The function of the resistors (R34 and R35 in Figure 1) is to limit the current in the
SRSENSE pin if the ESD protection is triggered. A total resistance value of 1 kΩ is
sufficient to protect pin SRSENSE. Because of the peak power rating, two SMD 1206
resistors are used.
3.3 Output voltage regulation
The application of the voltage feedback circuit is similar to well known circuits using a
TL431 or TSM103. The internal reference voltage is 2.5 V, accuracy within 1 %. A voltage
divider (R32 and R33 in Figure 1) is used to set the output voltage of the application. The
output voltage can be calculated with the equation:
R 32 + R 33
V o = 2.5V × ----------------------R 33
Or when Vo and R32 are known, for example Vo = 19.5 V and R32 = 35.7 kΩ, then
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R 32 × V ref
35.7kΩ × 2.5V
R 33 = ------------------------- = ------------------------------------ = 5.25kΩ ⇒ 5.23kΩ ( 1% )
( V o – V ref )
( 19.5V – 2.5V )
The phase and gain margin of the system can be set with a feedback network between
the OPTO output and the VSENSE pin (R31 and C31 in Figure 1).
3.4 Output current limit
The output current of the application can be limited by sensing the voltage across a
current-sense resistor (R42 in Figure 2). The internal reference voltage of the
current-sense circuit is 50 mV. Therefore the voltage drop across the current-sense
resistor must be more than 50 mV. The resistor divider (R39 and R40 in Figure 1 and
Figure 2) is used to adjust the actual output-current limit and to act as an RC filter in
combination with C35.
V OUT +
R30
C34
TEA1761
ISENSE
OPTO
50 mV
C35
R40
R39
GND
R42
V OUT −
014aaa052
Fig 2.
Output current limit
With the TEA1761 both signals for the voltage feedback and the current feedback are
transferred through one OPTO coupler to the primary side of the application. When an
output overcurrent occurs, the flyback controller at the primary side should limit the output
power. A commonly used method is to do this by triggering the UnderVoltage Lock Out
(UVLO) of the flyback controller.
To trigger the UVLO, three conditions must be met:
1. The tracking of the supply voltage (VCC) of the flyback controller must be coupled very
closely to the output voltage. This requires a well designed transformer with a low
leakage inductance and a well designed peak clamp.
2. The output power must be decreased gradually to enable tracking of the flyback VCC
with the output voltage. To achieve this, the time constant of R40 x C35 should be
approximately 100 ms.
3. The number of turns on the primary side of the auxiliary winding must be kept as low
as possible. This is necessary to trigger the UVLO of the flyback controller before the
UVLO of the TEA1761 is reached.
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The value of C34 should be chosen such that the output current limit operates correctly at
different overload levels between the TEA1761 setting point and a real short circuit.
Bouncing of the TEA1761 OPTO output should be prevented, as long as the flyback is
switching. In practice, values between 470 pF and 22 nF have proven to give a good
result in different applications.
For setting the required current limit, the following procedures can be used.
3.4.1 Adjusting the current limit in combination with the GreenChip II and other
brands
1. Disable the ISENSE circuit of the TEA1761, by connecting pin ISENSE to ground.
2. Adjust the flyback current-sense resistor such that the adapter can deliver 130 % to
140 % of the nominal output current at a low mains voltage.
3. Adjust the OPP resistor (TEA1552, TEA1654 or TEA1533), or external OPP network
(TEA1532) such that the adapter can deliver 130 % to 140 % of the nominal output
current at a high mains voltage.
4. Enable the TEA1761 ISENSE circuit and adjust the voltage divider (R39 and R40 in
Figure 1) such that the output current is limited to 120 % of the nominal output
current. Some adjustment of the value of C35 may be necessary.
5. Adjust C34 such that there is no bouncing of the TEA1761 OPTO output during
switching of the flyback.
3.4.2 Adjusting the current limit in combination with the GreenChip III TEA1750
1. Adjust the time-out circuit at the FBCTRL pin.
2. Disable the ISENSE circuit of the TEA1761, by connecting pin ISENSE to ground.
3. Adjust the flyback current-sense resistor such that the adapter can deliver 130 % to
140 % of the nominal output current at a low mains voltage.
4. Enable the TEA1761 ISENSE circuit and adjust the voltage divider (R39 and R40 in
Figure 1) such that the output current is limited to 120 % of the nominal output
current. Some tuning of the value of C35 could be necessary.
5. Adjust C34 such that there is no bouncing of the TEA1761 OPTO output during
switching of the flyback.
3.5 OPTO output
The functions of the voltage feedback and the current feedback are combined to one
open-drain OPTO output. It is possible to make two separate feedback circuits from this
single output, one to pin VSENSE (R31 and C31 in Figure 1) and one to pin ISENSE (C34
in Figure 1).
3.6 VCC
Vstartup is typically 8.6 V and VCC(UVLO) is typically 8.1 V. If necessary, a capacitor C39 can
be placed between pin VCC and pin GND to stabilize the supply voltage and to limit the
noise at the IC ground track.
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3.7 Driver output
Between 0 V and UVLO, an active current sink circuit keeps the external MOSFET(s) in
an off-state.
3.8 Internal OverTemperature Protection (OTP)
The TEA1761 has an internal OverTemperature Protection at 150 °C. The IC will
maximize the OPTO sink current at the moment the OTP level has been reached. This will
limit (or shut down) the output power of the primary side controller.
4. Application examples
4.1 Using the TEA1761 with a 3.3 V or 5 V output
The TEA1761 has a start level of 8.6 V (typical). An extra secondary winding must be
used to supply the IC when using the TEA1761 for a 3.3 V or 5 V output.
Figure 3 gives the configuration of such a circuit.
15 V
10 μF
V DC
prim
VCC
3.3 V
sec
TEA1761
primary
ground
secondary
ground
014aaa053
Fig 3.
VCC supply with a 3.3 V or 5 V output
In some cases, where the nominal output voltage is close to Vstartup, the extra supply
winding could be necessary for proper output current limiting behavior.
5. Meeting EMC requirements
In some applications, it can be more difficult to meet the CISPR 22 requirements with the
synchronous rectification compared to a solution with Schottky diodes. This is caused by
the placing of the SR MOSFETs in the secondary ground path instead of the “normal”
placing of the Schottky diode in the positive voltage path. This problem is typical for this
topology. There are two ways to solve this problem without increasing the common mode
filtering.
5.1 The powered shield
Figure 4 shows the powered shield. In most transformer designs, the shielding between
the primary and secondary windings is already present. All the present shields must be
connected to an extra winding at the primary side. This winding injects a current into the
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shielding. The phase of the injected current is opposite to the phase of the common mode
current through the flyback transformer and will reduce the common mode current through
the input and output cables by compensation. The exact number of turns of the shield
winding should be determined experimentally. With the powered shield a significant
reduction of the Y-cap value and thus leakage current is possible. In some cases the
Y-capacitor even can be omitted.
shield
V OUT
V DC
sec
prim
TEA1761
primary
ground
secondary
ground
Y-cap
014aaa054
Fig 4.
Powered shield
5.2 The powered Y-cap
Figure 5 shows the powered Y-cap which is an alternative to the powered shield solution.
This solution needs an additional winding on the transformer and sometimes it also
requires an additional Y-cap, to meet the ESD surge and fast transient tests. The extra
winding at the primary side, injects current through a Y-cap into the secondary ground.
The phase of the injected current is opposite to the phase of the common mode current
through the flyback transformer and this will, by compensation, reduce the common mode
current through the input and output cables. The exact required number of turns in the
extra winding and the Y-cap value should be determined experimentally. Eight winding
turns and a Y-cap with a value of 100 pF would be recommended as a good starting point.
V OUT
V DC
sec
prim
TEA1761
primary
ground
Y-cap 2
secondary
ground
Y-cap 1
014aaa091
Fig 5.
Powered Y cap
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6. Appendix
6.1 Layout considerations
The IC ground copper track should be as wide and as low ohmic as possible. The IC
ground is used as a reference for the circuits, but also has to conduct the high current of
the driver and the currents through the MOSFET Cdg.
The IC ground is used as a reference for the voltage and current regulation and for the
control of the SR MOSFET. Therefore a compromise has to be made with respect to the
connection of the IC ground to the surrounding circuits. It is advisable to connect the IC
ground to the output electrolytic capacitor closest to the MOSFET source.
The SRSENSE pin must be connected as close as possible to the MOSFET drain pin to
guarantee a proper detection of the MOSFET VDS and thus control of the SR MOSFETs. It
is advisable to reserve a separate copper track in the PCB layout for this function.
6.2 Bill of materials
Table 1.
Bill of materials
Relevant component values for a 19.5 V / 4.62 A application with the TEA1761.
Description
Position
Resistor, SMD 0603 Thin Film Chip, 1 kΩ, 5 %
R30
Resistor, SMD 0603 Thin Film Chip, 10 kΩ, 5 %
R31, R39
Resistor, SMD 0603 Thin Film Chip, 35.7 kΩ, 1 %
R32
Resistor, SMD 0603 Thin Film Chip, 5.23 kΩ, 1 %
R33
Resistor, SMD 1206 Thin Film Chip, 560 Ω, 5 %
R34, R35
Resistor, SMD 0805 Thin Film Chip, 47 Ω, 5 %
R36, R37
Resistor, SMD 0603 Thin Film Chip, 51 kΩ, 5 %
R40
Resistor, Mu-Cu Wire, 10 mΩ, 1 %
R42
MLCC, SMD 0805, 1 μF/50 V, Y5V
C39
MLCC, SMD 0805, 0.01 μF/50 V, X7R
C31
MLCC, SMD 0805, 470 pF/50 V, X7R
C34
MLCC, SMD 0805, 2.2 μF/10 V, X7R
C35
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7. Legal information
7.1
Disclaimers
General — Information in this document is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, NXP Semiconductors does not give any representations or
warranties, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of such
information and shall have no liability for the consequences of use of such
information.
Right to make changes — NXP Semiconductors reserves the right to make
changes to information published in this document, including without
limitation specifications and product descriptions, at any time and without
notice. This document supersedes and replaces all information supplied prior
to the publication hereof.
Suitability for use — NXP Semiconductors products are not designed,
authorized or warranted to be suitable for use in medical, military, aircraft,
space or life support equipment, nor in applications where failure or
malfunction of a NXP Semiconductors product can reasonably be expected to
result in personal injury, death or severe property or environmental damage.
NXP Semiconductors accepts no liability for inclusion and/or use of NXP
Semiconductors products in such equipment or applications and therefore
such inclusion and/or use is at the customer’s own risk.
Applications — Applications that are described herein for any of these
products are for illustrative purposes only. NXP Semiconductors makes no
representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the
specified use without further testing or modification.
7.2
Trademarks
Notice: All referenced brands, product names, service names and trademarks
are the property of their respective owners.
GreenChip — is a trademark of NXP B.V.
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8. Contents
1
2
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.4.1
3.4.2
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
4
4.1
5
5.1
5.2
6
6.1
6.2
7
7.1
7.2
8
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Application schematic TEA1761. . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Functional description and application . . . . . . 3
SR control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Function of resistors in series with pin
SRSENSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Output voltage regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Output current limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Adjusting the current limit in combination with the
GreenChip II and other brands . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Adjusting the current limit in combination with the
GreenChip III TEA1750 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
OPTO output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
VCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Driver output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Internal OverTemperature Protection (OTP). . . 7
Application examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Using the TEA1761 with a 3.3 V or 5 V output . 7
Meeting EMC requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
The powered shield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
The powered Y-cap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Layout considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Bill of materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Legal information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Disclaimers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Trademarks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Please be aware that important notices concerning this document and the product(s)
described herein, have been included in section ‘Legal information’.
© NXP B.V. 2008.
All rights reserved.
For more information, please visit: http://www.nxp.com
For sales office addresses, please send an email to: [email protected]
Date of release: 19 March 2008
Document identifier: AN10580_1