SiC403A, SiC403BCD Vishay Siliconix 6 A microBUCK® SiC403A/B Integrated Buck Regulator with Programmable LDO DESCRIPTION FEATURES The Vishay Siliconix SiC403A/B an advanced stand-alone synchronous buck regulator featuring integrated power MOSFETs, bootstrap switch, and a programmable LDO in a space-saving PowerPAK MLP55-32L pin packages. The SiC403A/B is capable of operating with all ceramic solutions and switching frequencies up to 1 MHz. The programmable frequency, synchronous operation and selectable power-save allow operation at high efficiency across the full range of load current. The internal LDO may be used to supply 5 V for the gate drive circuits or it may be bypassed with an external 5 V for optimum efficiency. Additional features include cycle-by-cycle current limit, voltage soft-start, under-voltage protection, programmable over-current protection, soft shutdown and selectable power-save. The Vishay Siliconix SiC403A/B also provides an enable input and a power good output. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • High efficiency > 93 % 6 A continuous output current capability Integrated bootstrap switch Programmable 200 mA LDO with bypass logic Temperature compensated current limit All ceramic solution enabled Pseudo fixed-frequency adaptive on-time control Programmable input UVLO threshold Independent enable pin for switcher and LDO Selectable ultra-sonic power-save mode (SiC403A) Selectable power-save mode (SiC403B) Programmable soft-start 1 % internal reference voltage Power good output Over-voltage and under-voltage protections Material categorization: For definitions of compliance please see www.vishay.com/doc?99912 PRODUCT SUMMARY Input Voltage Range 3 V to 28 V APPLICATIONS Output Voltage Range 0.6 V to 5.5 V Operating Frequency 200 kHz to 1 MHz Continuous Output Current • • • • • • 6A Peak Efficiency 93 % Package PowerPAK MLP55-32L Notebook, desktop and server computers Digital HDTV and digital consumer applications Networking and telecommunication equipment Printers, DSL, and STB applications Embedded applications Point of load power supplies TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT AND PACKAGE OPTIONS EN/PSV (Tri-State) PGOOD LX ILIM PGOOD LX AGND TON ENL EN\PSV LDO_EN VOUT 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 FB VOUT VDD AGND FBL VIN VIN 24 1 2 AGND 3 22 PAD 3 4 5 SS 7 BST 21 LX PAD 2 6 20 19 PGND PGND PGND 16 PGND 15 PGND 13 NC 14 11 NC 12 LX VIN 9 10 8 VIN VOUT PGND 18 P 17 GND VIN VIN LX LX 23 PGND PAD 1 Typical Application Circuit for SiC403A/B (PowerPAK MLP5x5-32L) Document Number: 62768 S12-1972-Rev. A, 27-Aug-12 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] www.vishay.com 1 This document is subject to change without notice. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 SiC403A, SiC403BCD Vishay Siliconix FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM PGOOD EN/PSV VIN 29 A 26 VIN VDD VDD Bootstrap Switch AGND D Control & Status Reference 8 BST 12 NC B LX 13 LXBST 28 LXS C PGND 27 ILIM 14 NC VDD DL SS 7 FB 1 Hi-side MOSFET Soft Start Gate Drive Control On-- time Generator VDD FB Comparator TON 31 VOUT 2 DL Lo-side MOSFET Zero Cross Detector Bypass Comparator Valley Current Limit VDD VDD 3 A VIN Y B LDO VLDO Switchover MUX FBL 5 32 A = connected to pins 6, 9-11, PAD 2 B = connected to pins 23-25, PAD 3 C = connected to pins 15-22 D = connect to pins 4, 30, PAD 1 ENL SiC403A/B Functional Block Diagram LX ILIM PGOOD EN\PSV LX tON AGND ENL PIN CONFIGURATION 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 1 6 7 BST 8 LX 23 LX 22 PGND 21 PGND 20 PGND 19 PGND 18 PGND 17 PGND PAD 2 VIN VIN 9 SS LX 24 PGND 16 5 NC 14 FBL VIN PAD 3 PGND 15 4 LX 13 AGND AGND NC 12 3 VIN 11 2 VDD PAD 1 VIN 10 FB VOUT SiC403A/B Pin Configuration (Top View) www.vishay.com 2 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] Document Number: 62768 S12-1972-Rev. A, 27-Aug-12 This document is subject to change without notice. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 SiC403A, SiC403BCD Vishay Siliconix PIN DESCRIPTION Pin Number Symbol Description 1 FB Feedback input for switching regulator used to program the output voltage - connect to an external resistor divider from VOUT to AGND. 2 VOUT Switcher output voltage sense pin - also the input to the internal switch-over between VOUT and VLDO. The voltage at this pin must be less than or equal to the voltage at the VDD pin. 3 VDD Bias supply for the IC - when using the internal LDO as a bias power supply, VDD is the LDO output. When using an external power supply as the bias for the IC, the LDO output should be disabled. 4, 30, PAD 1 AGND Analog ground 5 FBL Feedback input for the internal LDO - used to program the LDO output. Connect to an external resistor divider from VDD to AGND. 6, 9 to 11, PAD 2 VIN Input supply voltage 7 SS The soft start ramp will be programmed by an internal current source charging a capacitor on this pin. 8 BST Bootstrap pin - connect a capacitor of at least 100 nF from BST to LX to develop the floating supply for the high-side gate drive. 12, 14 NC 13 LXBST 23 to 25, PAD3 LX 15 to 22 PGND 26 PGOOD No connection LX Boost - connect to the BST capacitor. Switching (phase) node Power ground Open-drain power good indicator - high impedance indicates power is good. An external pull-up resistor is required. 27 ILIM Current limit sense pin - used to program the current limit by connecting a resistor from ILIM to LXS. 28 LXS LX sense - connects to RILIM 29 EN/PSV 31 tON On-time programming input - set the on-time by connecting through a resistor to AGND 32 ENL Enable input for the LDO - connect ENL to AGND to disable the LDO. Drive with logic signal for logic control, or program the VIN UVLO with a resistor divider between VIN, ENL, and AGND. Enable/power save input for the switching regulator - connect to AGND to disable the switching regulator, connect to VDD to operate with power-save mode and float to operate in forced continuous mode. ORDERING INFORMATION Part Number SiC403ACD-T1-GE3 Package PowerPAK MLP55-32L Marking (Line 1: P/N) SiC403A SiC403BCD-T1-GE3 PowerPAK MLP55-32L SiC403B SiC403DB Reference board Format: LINE 1: P/N LINE 2: Siliconix logo + Lot code + ESD symbol LINE 3: Factory code + Year code + Work week code Document Number: 62768 S12-1972-Rev. A, 27-Aug-12 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] www.vishay.com 3 This document is subject to change without notice. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 SiC403A, SiC403BCD Vishay Siliconix ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (TA = 25 °C, unless otherwise noted) Electrical Parameter VIN Conditions Limits to PGND - 0.3 to + 30 VIN to VDD - 0.4 max. LX to PGND - 0.3 to + 30 LX (Transient < 100 ns) to PGND - 2 to + 30 VDD to PGND - 0.3 to + 6 Reference to PGND - 0.3 to + (VDD + 0.3) to PGND - 0.3 to + (VDD - 1.5) EN/PSV, PGOOD, ILIM tON BST to LX - 0.3 to + 6 to PGND - 0.3 to + 35 ENL Unit V - 0.3 to VIN AGND to PGND - 0.3 to + 0.3 Temperature Maximum Junction Temperature 150 Storage Temperature °C - 65 to 150 Power Dissipation Junction to Ambient Thermal Impedance (RthJA)(b) Maximum Power Dissipation IC Section 50 Ambient Temperature = 25 °C 3.4 Ambient Temperature = 100 °C 1.3 HBM 2 °C/W W ESD Protection kV Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating/conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS (all voltages referenced to GND = 0 V) Parameter Input Voltage Symbol Min. VIN 3 28 3 5.5 0.6 5.5 VDD to PGND Output Voltage VOUT Typ. Max. Unit V Temperature Ambient Temperature www.vishay.com 4 - 40 to 85 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] °C Document Number: 62768 S12-1972-Rev. A, 27-Aug-12 This document is subject to change without notice. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 SiC403A, SiC403BCD Vishay Siliconix ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS Parameter Symbol Test Conditions Unless Specified VIN = 12 V, VDD = 5 V, TA = + 25 °C for typ., - 40 °C to + 85 °C for min. and max., TJ = < 125 °C, typical application circuit Min. Typ. Max. Unit Input Power Supplies Input Supply Voltage VIN VDD VDD VIN UVLO Threshold (a) VUVLO VIN UVLO Hysteresis VUVLO, HYS VDD UVLO Threshold VUVLO VDD UVLO Hysteresis VUVLO, HYS VIN Supply Current IIN IDD VDD Supply Current FB On-Time Threshold 3 3 Sensed at ENL pin, rising 2.4 Sensed at ENL pin, falling 2.23 Frequency Range 5.5 2.6 2.95 2.4 2.57 0.25 Measured at VDD pin, rising 2.5 3 Measured at VDD pin, falling 2.4 2.9 V 0.2 ENL, EN/PSV = 0 V , VIN = 28 V 12 Standby mode; ENL = VDD, EN/PSV = 0 V 160 ENL, EN/PSV = 0 V 190 SiC403A, EN/PSV = VDD, no load (fSW = 25 kHz), VFB > 0.6 V (b) 0.3 SiC403B, EN/PSV = VDD, no load, VFB > 0.6 V (b) 0.7 VDD = 5 V, fSW = 250 kHz, EN/PSV = floating, no load (b) 8 VDD = 3 V, fSW = 250 kHz, EN/PSV = floating, no load (b) 5 Static VIN and load fSW 28 20 µA 300 mA 0.594 0.600 Continuous mode operation 0.606 1000 Minimum fSW, (SiC403A only) 25 Bootstrap Switch Resistance V kHz 10 Timing On-Time tON Minimum On-Time (b) Minimum Off-Time Continuous mode operation VIN = 12 V, VOUT = 5 V, fSW = 300 kHz, Rton = 133 k 999 tON, min. (b) tOFF, min. 1110 1220 80 ns VDD = 5 V 250 VDD = 3 V 370 3 µA When VOUT reaches regulation 1.5 V 500 k Soft Start Soft Start Current (b) ISS Soft Start Voltage (b) VSS Analog Inputs/Outputs VOUT Input Resistance RO-IN Current Sense Zero-Crossing Detector Threshold Voltage VSense-th LX-PGND -3 +3 PG_VTH_UPPER Upper limit, VFB > internal 600 mV reference + 20 PG_VTH_LOWER Lower limit, VFB < internal 600 mV reference - 10 VDD = 5 V, CSS = 10 nF 12 VDD = 3 V, CSS = 10 nF 7 mV Power Good Power Good Threshold Start-Up Delay Time (between PWM enable and PGOOD high) Fault (noise-immunity) Delay Time Leakage Current Power Good On-Resistance (b) PG_Td PG_ICC % ms 5 µs 1 PG_ILK 10 PG_RDS_ON µA Fault Protection Valley Current Limit ILIM VDD = 5 V, RILIM = 4750, TJ = 0 °C to +125 °C VDD = 3.3 V, RILIM = 4750 ILIM Source Current Document Number: 62768 S12-1972-Rev. A, 27-Aug-12 4.8 6 5.1 10 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] 7.2 A µA www.vishay.com 5 This document is subject to change without notice. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 SiC403A, SiC403BCD Vishay Siliconix ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS Test Conditions Unless Specified VIN = 12 V, VDD = 5 V, TA = + 25 °C for typ., - 40 °C to + 85 °C for min. and max., TJ = < 125 °C, typical application circuit Min. Typ. Max. Unit - 10 0 + 10 mV Parameter Symbol ILIM Comparator Offset Voltage VILM-LK With respect to AGND Output Under-Voltage Fault VOUV_Fault VFB with respect to Internal 600 mV reference, 8 consecutive clocks - 25 Smart Power-Save Protection Threshold Voltage (b) PSave_VTH VFB with respect to internal 600 mV + 10 VFB with respect to internal 600 mV + 20 5 µs 10 °C hysteresis 150 °C Over-Voltage Protection Threshold Over-Voltage Fault Delay (b) tOV-Delay Over Temperature Shutdown (b) TShut % Logic Inputs/Outputs Logic Input High Voltage VIH Logic Input Low Volatge VIL EN/PSV Input for P-Save Operation (b) 1 0.4 VDD = 5 V EN/PSV Input for Forced Continuous Operation (b) EN/PSV Input for Disabling Switcher EN/PSV Input Bias Current IEN ENL Input Bias Current FBL, FB Input Bias Current EN/PSV = VDD or GND IENL ENL = VIN = 28 V FBL_ILK FBL, FB = VDD or GND 2.2 5 1 2 0 0.4 - 10 + 10 11 -1 18 V µA +1 Linear Dropout Regulator FBL (b) VLDO ACC LDO Current Limit LDO_ILIM 0.75 Short-circuit protection, VIN = 12 V, VDD < 0.75 V 65 Start-up and foldback, VIN = 12 V, 0.75 < VDD < 90 % of final VDD value 115 Operating current limit, VIN = 12 V, VDD > 90 % of final VDD value VLDO to VOUT Switch-over Threshold (d) VLDO to VOUT Non-switch-over Threshold (d) VLDO to VOUT Switch-over Resistance LDO Drop Out Voltage (e) 135 V mA 200 VLDO-BPS - 130 + 130 VLDO-NBPS - 500 + 500 RLDO mV VOUT = 5 V 2 From VIN to VDD, VDD = + 5 V, IVLDO = 100 mA 1.2 V Notes: a. VIN UVLO is programmable using a resistor divider from VIN to ENL to AGND. The ENL voltage is compared to an internal reference. b. Typical value measured on standard evaluation board. c. SiC403A/B has first order temperature compensation for over current. Results vary based upon the PCB thermal layout d. The switch-over threshold is the maximum voltage differential between the VLDO and VOUT pins which ensures that VLDO will internally switch-over to VOUT. The non-switch-over threshold is the minimum voltage diff erential between the VLDO and VOUT pins which ensures that VLDO will not switch-over to VOUT. e. The LDO drop out voltage is the voltage at which the LDO output drops 2 % below the nominal regulation point. www.vishay.com 6 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] Document Number: 62768 S12-1972-Rev. A, 27-Aug-12 This document is subject to change without notice. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 SiC403A, SiC403BCD Vishay Siliconix ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS 2.5 100 1.26 0.14 1.24 2 VIN=20V V IN=6V REGULATION 1 VOUT(VDC) PLOSS(W) Efficiency(%) 1.5 40 0.06 0.04 1.16 VIN=6V 0 0.1 1 0 1.14 10 0.001 Vin=20V Vin=12V 0 0.01 0.1 1 10 IOUT(A) Effiency vs. Load-Forced Continuous Mode VOUT vs. Load-Forced Continuous Mode VOUT = 1.2 V, VDD = 5 V, EN/PSV is Floating, External Bias, SiC403B 100 VOUT = 1.2 V, VDD = 5 V, EN/PSV is Floating, External Bias, SiC403B 0.12 1.26 2.5 Vin=6V 0.02 Vin=6V Vpeak IOUT(A) Efficiency 0.08 0.5 VIN=20V 0.01 Vin=6V 1.2 1.18 VIN=12V 20 0.001 0.1 1.22 VIN=12V 60 0.12 Vin=12V Vin=20V VPEAK(Vrms) 80 Vin=12V 1.24 Vin=20V 80 0.1 Vin=12V 2 Vin=20 Regula o VOUT(VDC) 1.5 PLOSS(W) Efficiency(%) 60 40 1 Vin=6 1.2 0.06 VPEAK(Vrms) 0.08 1.22 0.04 1.18 Vin=12 Vin=20V 20 0.5 1.16 Vin=12V Vpeak Vin=6 Vin=6V 0 0.01 0.1 1 0 1.14 0 0.001 0.02 Vin=20 PLOSS 0.001 10 0.01 0.1 1 10 IOUT(A) IOUT(A) Effiency vs. Load-PSAVE Mode VOUT vs. Load-PSAVE Mode VOUT = 1.2 V, VDD = EN/PSV = 5 V, External Bias, SiC403B VOUT = 1.2 V, VDD = EN/PSV = 5 V, External Bias, SiC403B 100 2.5 1.26 0.12 1.24 0.1 VDD=3.3V VDD=5V 2 VDD=5V 40 1 VDD=5V 20 Regula on 1.2 0.06 1.18 0.04 0.5 1.16 VDD=3.3V 0 0.01 0.1 0.02 VDD=5V VPEAK VDD =3.3V 0 0.001 0.08 VDD=3.3V VPEAK(Vrms) 1.5 VOUT(VDC) 1.22 60 PLOSS(W) Efficiency(%) 80 1 10 0 1.14 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 OUT(A) Effiency vs. Load-PSAVE Mode IOUT(A) VOUT vs. Load-PSAVE Mode VOUT = 1.2 V, VIN = 12 V, VDD = EN/PSV = 5 V, External Bias, SiC403B VOUT = 1.2 V, VIN = 12 V, VDD = EN/PSV = 5 V, External Bias, SiC403B Document Number: 62768 S12-1972-Rev. A, 27-Aug-12 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] www.vishay.com 7 This document is subject to change without notice. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 SiC403A, SiC403BCD Vishay Siliconix ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS 400 400 350 350 VIN=12V 300 VIN=6V Frequency(KHz) Frequency(KHz) 300 250 VIN=20V 200 150 VIN=6V 250 VIN=20V VIN=12V 200 150 100 100 50 50 0 0 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 IOUT(ADC) IOUT(ADC) Frequency vs. Load-Forced Continuous Mode Frequency vs. Load-PSAVE Mode VOUT = 1.2 V, VDD = 5 V, EN/PSV is Floating, External Bias, SiC403B VOUT = 1.2 V, VDD = EN/PSV = 5 V, External Bias, SiC403B 1.575 0.150 1.55 0.125 1.525 0.100 400 350 1.5 0.075 1.475 0.050 Vpeak 1.45 Frequency(KHz) VOUT VPEAK(Vrms) VOUT(VDC) 300 0.025 1.425 250 200 150 100 50 0 0.000 6 8.8 11.6 14.4 17.2 20 22.8 25.6 6 VIN(VDC) 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 VIN(VDC) VOUT vs. Line-Forced Continuous Mode Frequency vs. Line-FCM Mode VOUT = 1.5 V, VLDO = VDD = ENL = 5 V, EN/PSV is Floating, SiC403B VOUT = 1.5 V, VLDO = VDD = ENL = 5 V, EN/PSV is Floating, SiC403B 1200 2.5 100 1000 80 2 VIN=20V VIN=6V 600 3.3V 400 60 1.5 VIN=12V 1 40 PLOSS(W) Efficiency(%) On-Time(nS) 800 VIN=20V 20 5V 200 0.5 VIN=12V VIN=6V 0 0 0 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 0.001 0.01 0.1 IOUT(ADC) 1 10 Input Voltage(V) On Time vs. Line Efficiency vs. Load-Forced Continuous Mode VOUT = 1.5 V, VLDO = VDD = ENL = 5 V, IOUT = 0 A, SiC403B VOUT = 1.2 V, VDD = 5 V, EN/PSV is Floating, External Bias, SiC403A www.vishay.com 8 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] Document Number: 62768 S12-1972-Rev. A, 27-Aug-12 This document is subject to change without notice. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 SiC403A, SiC403BCD Vishay Siliconix ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS 100 90 100 2 80 2.5 VIN=20V 1.5 Efficiency 50 1 40 VIN=20V 30 20 0.5 VIN=12V 10 Efficiency 60 1.5 VDD=5V 1 40 0.5 20 VDD=5V Ploss PLOSS VIN=6V 0 0.001 2 VDD3.3V 0.01 0.1 1 VDD=3.3V 0 0 0 PLOSS(W) VIN=12V 60 PLOSS(W) 70 Efficiency(%) VIN=6V 80 Efficiency(%) 2.5 0.001 0.01 10 0.1 1 10 IOUT(ADC) IOUT(ADC) Efficiency vs. Load-PSAVE Mode Efficiency vs. Load-PSAVE Mode VOUT = 1.2 V, VDD = 5 V = EN/PSV, External Bias, SiC403A VOUT = 1.2 V, VIN = 12 V, VDD = EN/PSV = 5 V, External Bias, SiC403A Vout Vout (50mV/div) (20mV/div) LX LX (5V/div) (5V/div) Time(20µs/div) Time(2µs/div) Powersave Mode - No Load Forced Continuous Mode - No Load VIN = 12 V, VOUT = 1.2 V, IOUT = 0 A, VDD = EN/PSV = ENL = 5 V, SiC403A VIN = 12 V, VOUT = 1.2 V, IOUT = 0 A, VDD = EN/PSV = ENL = 5 V LX (10V/div) (10V/div) Vout Vout (500mV/div) (500mV/div) VDD VDD (5V/div) (5V/div) LX (5V/div) Pgood Pgood (5V/div) Time(1ms/div) Time(1ms/div) Self-Biased Start-Up - Power Good True Enable Start-Up - Power Good True VIN = 12 V step, VOUT = 1.2 V, IOUT = 0 A, VDD = EN/PSV = ENL = 5 V VIN = 12 V, VOUT = 1.2 V, IOUT = 1 A, VDD = EN/PSV= 5 V Document Number: 62768 S12-1972-Rev. A, 27-Aug-12 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] www.vishay.com 9 This document is subject to change without notice. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 SiC403A, SiC403BCD Vishay Siliconix ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Vout (20mV/div) LX (5V/div) Time(10ms/div) Powersave Mode - No Load VIN = 12 V, VOUT = 1.2 V, IOUT = 0 A, VDD = EN/PSV = ENL = 5 V, SiC403B Vout Vout (500mV/div) (200mV/div) IOUT (5A/div) LX LX (10V/div) (10V/div) Pgood (5V/div) (5V/div) Pgood Time(200µs/div) Time(500µs/div) Output Under-Voltage Response Output Over-Current Response VIN = 12 V, VOUT = 1.2 V, IOUT = 0 A, VDD = ENL = 3.3 V, EN/PSV is floating VIN = 12 V, VOUT = 1.2 V, VDD = ENL = 3.3 V, EN/PSV is floating (500mV/div) VOUT Vout (200mV/div) IOUT IOUT (5A/div) (5A/div) LX LX (10V/div) (10V/div) Pgood (5V/div) Pgood (5V/div) Time(50µs/div) Time(500µs/div) Short Output Response Shorted Output Response at Soft-Start Operation VIN = 12 V, VOUT = 1.2 V, VDD = ENL = 3.3 V, EN/PSV is floating VIN = 12 V, VOUT = 1.2 V, VDD = ENL = 3.3 V, EN/PSV is floating www.vishay.com 10 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] Document Number: 62768 S12-1972-Rev. A, 27-Aug-12 This document is subject to change without notice. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 SiC403A, SiC403BCD Vishay Siliconix ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Vout Vout (100mV/div) (100mV/div) LX LX (10V/div) (2A/div) (10V/div) IOUT (2A/div) Iout Time(10µs/div) Time(10µs/div) Transient Response in Power Saving Mode Transient Response in Forced Continuous Mode VIN = 12 V, VOUT = 1.2 V, IOUT = 0 A to 6 A, VDD = EN/PSV = 5 V VIN = 12 V, VOUT = 1.2 V, IOUT = 0 A to 6 A, VDD = EN/PSV = 5 V OPERATIONAL DESCRIPTION Device Overview The SiC403A/B is a step down synchronous DC/DC buck converter with integrated power MOSFETs and a 200 mA capable programmable LDO. The device is capable of 6 A operation at very high efficiency. A space saving 5 x 5 (mm) 32-pin package is used. The programmable operating frequency of up to 1 MHz enables optimizing the configuration for PCB area and efficiency. The buck controller uses a pseudo-fixed frequency adaptive on-time control. This control method allows fast transient igponse which permits the use of smaller output capacitors. logic low, the output voltage discharges into the VOUT pin through an internal FET. Pseudo-Fixed Frequency Adaptive On-Time Control The PWM control method used by the SiC403A/B is pseudo- fixed frequency, adaptive on-time, as shown in figure 1. The ripple voltage generated at the output capacitor ESR is used as a PWM ramp signal. This ripple is used to trigger the on-time of the controller. tON VIN VLX Input Voltage Requirements The SiC403A/B requires two input supplies for normal operation: VIN and VDD. VIN operates over a wide range from 3 V to 28 V. VDD requires a 3 V to 5.5 V supply input that can be an external source or the internal LDO configured to supply 3 V to 5.5 V from VIN. CIN VFB Q1 VLX VOUT L Q2 Power Up Sequence When the SiC403A/B uses an external power source at the VDD pin, the switching regulator initiates the start up when VIN, VDD, and EN/PSV are above their respective thresholds. When EN/PSV is at logic high, VDD needs to be applied after VIN rises. It is also recommended to use a 10 resistor between an external power source and the VDD pin. To start up by using the EN/PSV pin when both VDD and VIN are above their respective thresholds, apply EN/PSV to enable the start-up process. For SiC403A/B in self-biased mode, refer to the LDO section for a full description. Shutdown The SiC403A/B can be shut-down by pulling either VDD or EN/PSV below its threshold. When using an external power source, it is recommended that the VDD voltage ramps down before the VIN voltage. When VDD is active and EN/PSV at Document Number: 62768 S12-1972-Rev. A, 27-Aug-12 FB threshold ESR FB + COUT Figure 1 - Output Ripple and PWM Control Method The adaptive on-time is determined by an internal one- shot timer. When the one-shot is triggered by the output ripple, the device sends a single on-time pulse to the high- side MOSFET. The pulse period is determined by VOUT and VIN; the period is proportional to output voltage and inversely proportional to input voltage. With this adaptive on-time arrangement, the device automatically anticipates the on-time needed to regulate VOUT for the present VIN condition and at the selected frequency. For technical questions, contact: [email protected] www.vishay.com 11 This document is subject to change without notice. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 SiC403A, SiC403BCD Vishay Siliconix The advantages of adaptive on-time control are: • Predictable operating frequency compared to other variable frequency methods. • Reduced component count by eliminating the error amplifier and compensation components. • Reduced component count by removing the need to sense and control inductor current. • Fast transient response - the response time is controlled by a fast comparator instead of a typically slow error amplifier. • Reduced output capacitance due to fast transient response. One-Shot Timer and Operating Frequency The one-shot timer operates as shown in figure 2. The FB Comparator output goes high when VFB is less than the internal 600 mV reference. This feeds into the gate drive and turns on the high-side MOSFET, and also starts the one-shot timer. The one-shot timer uses an internal comparator and a capacitor. One comparator input is connected to VOUT, the other input is connected to the capacitor. When the on-time begins, the internal capacitor charges from zero volts through a current which is proportional to VIN. When the capacitor voltage reaches VOUT, the on-time is completed and the high-side MOSFET turns off. Gate drives FB comparator FB VREF + DH VOUT VIN Rton Q1 VLX DL Q2 COUT Rton = On-time = K x Rton x (VOUT/VIN) (ton - 10 ns) x VIN 25 pF x VOUT Immediately after the on-time, the DL (drive signal for the low side FET) output drives high to turn on the low-side MOSFET. DL has a minimum high time of ~ 320 ns, after which DL continues to stay high until one of the following occurs: • VFB falls below the reference • The zero cross detector senses that the voltage on the LX node is below ground. Power save is activated eight switching cycles after a zero crossing is detected. tON Limitations and VDD Supply Voltage For VDD below 4.5 V, the tON accuracy may be limited by the input voltage. The original RtON equation is accurate if VIN satisfies the relationship over the entire VIN range, as follows. VIN < (VDD - 1.6 V) x 10 If VIN exceeds (VDD - 1.6 V) x 10, for all or part of the VIN range, the RtON equation is not accurate. In all cases where VIN > (VDD - 1.6 V) x 10, the RtON equation must be modified, as follows. Rton = FB + (VDD - 1.75) x 10 VIN The maximum RtON value allowed is shown by the following equation. VOUT L ESR One-shot timer k= (ton - 10 ns) x (VDD - 1.6 V) x 10 25 pF x VOUT Note that when VIN > (VDD - 1.6 V) x 10 , the actual on-time is fixed and does not vary with VIN. When operating in this condition, the switching frequency will vary inversely with VIN rather than approximating a fixed frequency. Figure 2 - On-Time Generation This method automatically produces an on-time that is proportional to VOUT and inversely proportional to VIN. Under steady-state conditions, the switching frequency can be determined from the on-time by the following equation. VOUT fSW = tON x VIN VOUT Voltage Selection The switcher output voltage is regulated by comparing VOUT as seen through a resistor divider at the FB pin to the internal 600 mV reference voltage, see figure 3. To FB pin VOUT R1 R2 The SiC403A/B uses an external resistor to set the on-time which indirectly sets the frequency. The on-time can be programmed to provide an operating frequency from 200 kHz to 1 MHz using a resistor between the TON pin and ground. The resistor value is selected by the following equation. Rton = k 25 pF x fSW The constant, k, equals 1, when VDD is greater than 3.6 V. If VDD is less than 3.6 V and VIN is greater than (VDD -1.75) x 10, k is shown by the following equation. www.vishay.com 12 Figure 3 - Output Voltage Selection Note that this control method regulates the valley of the output ripple voltage, not the DC value. The DC output voltage VOUT is offset by the output ripple according to the following equation. VOUT = 0.6 x 1 + For technical questions, contact: [email protected] R1 R2 + VRIPPLE 2 Document Number: 62768 S12-1972-Rev. A, 27-Aug-12 This document is subject to change without notice. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 SiC403A, SiC403BCD Vishay Siliconix When a large capacitor is placed in parallel with R1 (CTOP) VOUT is shown by the following equation. VOUT = 0.6 x 1 + R1 R2 + VRIPPLE 2 x 1 + (R1ωCTOP)2 1+ R2 x R1 ωC R2 + R1 TOP 2 Enable and Power-Save Inputs The EN/PSV input is used to enable or disable the switching regulator. When EN/PSV is low (grounded), the switching regulator is off and in its lowest power state. When off, the output of the switching regulator soft-discharges the output into a 15 internal resistor via the VOUT pin. When EN/PSV is allowed to float, the pin voltage will float to 33 % of the voltage at VDD. The switching regulator turns on with power-save disabled and all switching is in forced continuous mode. When EN/PSV is high (above 44 % of the voltage at VDD), the switching regulator turns on with power-save enabled. The SiC403A/B P-Save operation reduces the switching frequency according to the load for increased efficiency at light load conditions. Forced Continuous Mode Operation The SiC403A/B operates the switcher in FCM (Forced Continuous Mode) by floating the EN/PSV pin (see figure 4). In this mode one of the power MOSFETs is always on, with no intentional dead time other than to avoid crossconduction. This feature results in uniform frequency across the full load range with the trade-off being poor efficiency at light loads due to the high-frequency switching of the MOSFETs. DH is gate signal to drive upper MOSFET. DL is lower gate signal to drive lower MOSFET FB ripple voltage (VFB) FB threshold (600 mV) DC load current Inductor current On-time (tON) DH on-time is triggered when VFB reaches the FB threshold DH DL DL drives high when on-time is completed. DL remains high until VFB falls to the FB threshold. Figure 4 - Forced Continuous Mode Operation Document Number: 62768 S12-1972-Rev. A, 27-Aug-12 Ultrasonic Power-Save Operation (SiC403A) The SiC403A provides ultrasonic power-save operation at light loads, with the minimum operating frequency fixed at slightly under 25 kHz. This is accomplished by using an internal timer that monitors the time between consecutive high-side gate pulses. If the time exceeds 40 µs, DL drives high to turn the low-side MOSFET on. This draws current from VOUT through the inductor, forcing both VOUT and VFB to fall. When VFB drops to the 600 mV threshold, the next DH (the drive signal for the high side FET) on-time is triggered. After the on-time is completed the high-side MOSFET is turned off and the low-side MOSFET turns on. The low-side MOSFET remains on until the inductor current ramps down to zero, at which point the low-side MOSFET is turned off. Because the on-times are forced to occur at intervals no greater than 40 µs, the frequency will not fall far below 25 kHz. Figure 5 shows ultrasonic power-save operation. minimum fSW ~ 25 kHz FB ripple voltage (VFB) FB threshold (600 mV) (0A) Inductor current On-time (tON) DH on-time is triggered when VFB reaches the FB threshold DH 40 µs time-out DL After the 40 µs time-out, DL drives high if VFB has not reached the FB threshold. Figure 5 - Ultrasonic Power-Save Operation Power-Save Operation (SiC403B) The SiC403B provides power-save operation at light loads with no minimum operating frequency. With power-save enabled, the internal zero crossing comparator monitors the inductor current via the voltage across the low-side MOSFET during the off-time. If the inductor current falls to zero for 8 consecutive switching cycles, the controller enters MOSFET on each subsequent cycle provided that the power-save operation. It will turn off the low-side MOSFET on each subsequent cycle provided that the current crosses zero. At this time both MOSFETs remain off until VFB drops to the 600 mV threshold. Because the MOSFETs are off, the load is supplied by the output capacitor. If the inductor current does not reach zero on any switching cycle, the controller immediately exits power-save and returns to forced continuous mode. Figure 6 shows power-save operation at light loads. For technical questions, contact: [email protected] www.vishay.com 13 This document is subject to change without notice. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 SiC403A, SiC403BCD Vishay Siliconix rapid rate. This technique reduces switching losses while maintaining high efficiency and also avoids the need for snubbers for the power MOSFETs. Current Limit Protection Smart Power-Save Protection Active loads may leak current from a higher voltage into the switcher output. Under light load conditions with power-save enabled, this can force VOUT to slowly rise and reach the over-voltage threshold, resulting in a hard shut-down. Smart power-save prevents this condition. When the FB voltage exceeds 10 % above nominal, the device immediately disables power-save, and DL drives high to turn on the low-side MOSFET. This draws current from VOUT through the inductor and causes VOUT to fall. When VFB drops back to the 600 mV trip point, a normal tON switching cycle begins. This method prevents a hard OVP shut-down and also cycles energy from VOUT back to VIN. It also minimizes operating power by avoiding forced conduction mode operation. Figure 7 shows typical waveforms for the Smart Power Save feature. VOUT drifts up to due to leakage current flowing into COUT Smart power save threshold (825 mV) VOUT discharges via inductor and low-side MOSFET Normal VOUT ripple FB threshold DH and DL off High-side drive (DH) Low-side drive (DL) Normal DL pulse after DH on-time pulse Figure 7 - Smart Power-Save SmartDriveTM For each DH pulse, the DH driver initially turns on the high side MOSFET at a lower speed, allowing a softer, smooth turn-off of the low-side diode. Once the diode is off and the LX voltage has risen 0.5 V above PGND, the SmartDrive circuit automatically drives the high-side MOSFET on at a www.vishay.com 14 ILOAD ILIM Time Figure 8 - Valley Current Limit Setting the valley current limit to 6 A results in a peak inductor current of 6 A plus peak ripple current. In this situation, the average (load) current through the inductor is 6 A plus one-half the peak-to-peak ripple current. The internal 10 µA current source is temperature compensated at 4100 ppm in order to provide tracking with the RDS-ON. The RILIM value is calculated by the following equation. RILIM = 792 x ILIM x [0.101 x (5 V - VDD) + 1] Single DH on-time pulse after DL turn-off DL turns on when smart PSAVE threshold is reached DL turns off FB threshold is reached IPEAK Inductor Current Figure 6 - Power-Save Mode The device features programmable current limiting, which is accomplished by using the RDS-ON of the lower MOSFET for current sensing. The current limit is set by RILIM resistor. The RILIM resistor connects from the ILIM pin to the LXS pin which is also the drain of the low-side MOSFET. When the low-side MOSFET is on, an internal ~ 10 µA current flows from the ILIM pin and through the RILIM resistor, creating a voltage drop across the resistor. While the low-side MOSFET is on, the inductor current flows through it and creates a voltage across the RDS-ON. The voltage across the MOSFET is negative with respect to ground. If this MOSFET voltage drop exceeds the voltage across RILIM, the voltage at the ILIM pin will be negative and current limit will activate. The current limit then keeps the low-side MOSFET on and will not allow another high-side on-time, until the current in the low-side MOSFET reduces enough to bring the ILIM voltage back up to zero. This method regulates the inductor valley current at the level shown by ILIM in figure 8. When selecting a value for RILIM be sure not to exceed the absolute maximum voltage value for the ILIM pin. Note that because the low-side MOSFET with low RDS-ON is used for current sensing, the PCB layout, solder connections, and PCB connection to the LX node must be done carefully to obtain good results. RILIM should be connected directly to LXS (pin 28). Soft-Start of PWM Regulator SiC403A/B has a programmable soft-start time that is controlled by an external capacitor at the SS pin. After the controller meets both UVLO and EN/PSV thresholds, the controller has an internal current source of 3 µA flowing For technical questions, contact: [email protected] Document Number: 62768 S12-1972-Rev. A, 27-Aug-12 This document is subject to change without notice. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 SiC403A, SiC403BCD Vishay Siliconix through the SS pin to charge the capacitor. During the start up process (figure 9), 50 % of the voltage at the SS pin is used as the reference for the FB comparator. The PWM comparator issues an on-time pulse when the voltage at the FB pin is less than 40 % of the SS pin. As a result, the output voltage follows the SS voltage. The output voltage reaches and maintains regulation when the soft start voltage is 1.5 V. The time between the first LX pulse and VOUT reaching regulation is the soft-start time (tSS). The calculation for the soft-start time is shown by the following equation. tSS = CSS x 1.5 V 3 µA The voltage at the SS pin continues to ramp up and eventually equals 64 % of VDD. After the soft start completes, the FB pin voltage is compared to an internal reference of 0.6 V. The delay time between the VOUT regulation point and PGOOD going high is shown by the following equation. tPGOOD-DELAY = CSS x (0.64 x VDD - 1.5 V) 3 µA PGOOD will transition low if the VFB pin exceeds + 20 % of nominal, which is also the over-voltage shutdown threshold. PGOOD also pulls low if the EN/PSV pin is low when VDD is present. Output Over-Voltage Protection Over-voltage protection becomes active as soon as the device is enabled. The threshold is set at 600 mV + 20 % (720 mV). When VFB exceeds the OVP threshold, DL latches high and the low-side MOSFET is turned on. DL remains high and the controller remains off, until the EN/PSV input is toggled or VDD is cycled. There is a 5 µs delay built into the OVP detector to prevent false transitions. PGOOD is also low after an OVP event. Output Under-Voltage Protection When VFB falls 25 % below its nominal voltage (falls to 450 mV) for eight consecutive clock cycles, the switcher is shut off and the DH and DL drives are pulled low to tristate the MOSFETs. The controller stays off until EN/PSV is toggled or VDD is cycled. VDD UVLO, and POR UVLO (Under-Voltage Lock-Out) circuitry inhibits switching and tri-states the DH/DL drivers until VDD rises above 3 V. An internal POR (Power-On Reset) occurs when VDD exceeds 3 V, which resets the fault latch and a soft-start counter cycle begins which prepares for soft-start. The SiC403A/B then begins a soft-start cycle. The PWM will shut off if VDD falls below 2.4 V. LDO Regulator SiC403A/B has an option to bias the switcher by using an internal LDO from VIN. The LDO output is connected to VDD internally. The output of the LDO is programmable by using external resistors from the VDD pin to AGND (see figure 10). The feedback pin (FBL) for the LDO is regulated to 750 mV. Figure 9 - Soft-start Timing Diagram Pre-Bias Start-Up The SiC403A/B can start up normally even when there is an existing output voltage present. The soft start time is still the same as normal start up (when the output voltage starts from zero). The output voltage starts to ramp up when 40 % of the voltage at SS pin meets the existing FB voltage level. Pre-bias startup is achieved by turning off the lower gate when the inductor current falls below zero. This method prevents the output voltage from discharging. Power Good Output The PGOOD (power good) output is an open-drain output which requires a pull-up resistor. When the voltage at the FB pin is 10 % below the nominal voltage, PGOOD is pulled low. It is held low until the output voltage returns above - 8 % of nominal. Document Number: 62768 S12-1972-Rev. A, 27-Aug-12 Figure 10 - LDO Output Voltage Selection The LDO output voltage is set by the following equation. VLDO = 750 mV x 1 + RLDO1 RLDO2 A minimum capacitance of 1 µF referenced to AGND is normally required at the output of the LDO for stability. Note that if the LDO voltage is set lower than 4.5 V, the minimum output capacitance for the LDO is 10 µF. For technical questions, contact: [email protected] www.vishay.com 15 This document is subject to change without notice. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 SiC403A, SiC403BCD Vishay Siliconix LDO ENL Functions The ENL input is used to enable/disable the internal LDO. When ENL is a logic low, the LDO is off. When ENL is above the VIN UVLO threshold, the LDO is enabled and the switcher is also enabled if the EN/PSV and VDD are above their threshold. The table below summarizes the function of ENL and EN/PSV pins. EN/PSV ENL LDO Switcher Disabled Low, < 0.4 V Off Off Enabled Low, < 0.4 V Off On Disabled 1 V < High < 2.6 V On Off Enabled 1 V < High < 2.6 V On Off Disabled High, > 2.6 V On Off Enabled High, > 2.6 V On On The ENL pin also acts as the switcher under-voltage lockout for the VIN supply. When SiC403A/B is self-biased from the LDO and runs from the VIN power source only, the VIN UVLO feature can be used to prevent false UV faults for the PWM output by programming with a resistor divider at the VIN, ENL and AGND pins. When SiC403A/B has an external bias voltage at VDD and the ENL pin is used to program the VIN UVLO feature, the voltage at FBL needs to be higher than 750 mV to force the LDO off. Timing is important when driving ENL with logic and not implementing VIN UVLO. The ENL pin must transition from high to low within 2 switching cycles to avoid the PWM output turning off. If ENL goes below the VIN UVLO threshold and stays above 1 V, then the switcher will turn off but the LDO will remain on. LDO Start-up Before start-up, the LDO checks the status of the following signals to ensure proper operation can be maintained. 1. ENL pin 2. VLDO output When the ENL pin is high and VIN is above the UVLO point, the LDO will begin start-up. During the initial phase, when the VDD voltage (which is the LDO output voltage) is less than 0.75 V, the LDO initiates a current-limited start-up (typically 65 mA) to charge the output capacitors while protecting from a short circuit event. When VDD is greater than 0.75 V but still less than 90 % of its final value (as sensed at the FBL pin), the LDO current limit is increased to ~115 mA. When VDD has reached 90 % of the final value (as sensed at the FBL pin), the LDO current limit is increased to ~ 200 mA and the LDO output is quickly driven to the nominal value by the internal LDO regulator. It is recommended that during LDO start-up to hold the PWM switching off until the LDO has reached 90 % of the final value. This prevents overloading the current-limited LDO output during the LDO start-up. Due to the initial current limitations on the LDO during power up (figure 11), any external load attached to the VDD pin must be limited to less than the start up current before the LDO has reached 90 % of its final regulation value. Figure 11 - LDO Start-Up LDO Switch-Over Poeration The SiC403A/B includes a switch-over function for the LDO. The switch-over function is designed to increase efficiency by using the more efficient DC/DC converter to power the LDO output, avoiding the less efficient LDO regulator when possible. The switch-over function connects the VDD pin directly to the VOUT pin using an internal switch. When the switch-over is complete the LDO is turned off, which results in a power savings and maximizes efficiency. If the LDO output is used to bias the SiC403A/B, then after switch-over the device is self-powered from the switching regulator with the LDO turned off. The switch-over starts 32 switching cycles after PGOOD output goes high. The voltages at the VDD and VOUT pins are then compared; if the two voltages are within ± 300 mV of each other, the VDD pin connects to the VOUT pin using an internal switch, and the LDO is turned off. To avoid unwanted switch-over, the minimum difference between the voltages for VOUT and VDD should be ± 500 mV. It is not recommended to use the switch-over feature for an output voltage less than VDD UVLO threshold since the SiC403A/B is not operational below that threshold. Switch-Over MOSFET Parasitic Diodes The switch-over MOSFET contains parasitic diodes that are inherent to its construction, as shown in figure 12. If the voltage at the VOUT pin is higher than VDD, then the respective diode will turn on and the current will flow through this diode. This has the potential of damaging the device. Therefore, VOUT must be less than VDD to prevent damaging the device. Switchover control Switchover MOSFET VOUT LDO Parastic diode VDD Figure 12 - Switch-over MOSFET Parasitic Diodes www.vishay.com 16 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] Document Number: 62768 S12-1972-Rev. A, 27-Aug-12 This document is subject to change without notice. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 SiC403A, SiC403BCD Vishay Siliconix Design Procedure When designing a switch mode supply the input voltage range, load current, switching frequency, and inductor ripple current must be specified. The maximum input voltage (VIN max.) is the highest specified input voltage. The minimum input voltage (VIN min.) is determined by the lowest input voltage after evaluating the voltage drops due to connectors, fuses, switches, and PCB traces. The following parameters define the design: • Nominal output voltage (VOUT) • Static or DC output tolerance • Transient response • Maximum load current (IOUT) There are two values of load current to evaluate - continuous load current and peak load current. Continuous load current relates to thermal stresses which drive the selection of the inductor and input capacitors. Peak load current determines instantaneous component stresses and filtering requirements such as inductor saturation, output capacitors, and design of the current limit circuit. The following values are used in this design: • VIN = 12 V ± 10 % • VOUT = 1.5 V ± 4 % • fSW = 300 kHz • Load = 6 A max. Frequency Selection Selection of the switching frequency requires making a trade-off between the size and cost of the external filter components (inductor and output capacitor) and the power conversion efficiency. The desired switching frequency is 300 kHz which results from using component selected for optimum size and cost. A resistor (RtON) is used to program the on-time (indirectly setting the frequency) using the following equation. Rton = (ton - 10 ns) x VIN 25 pF x VOUT To select RtON, use the maximum value for VIN, and for tON use the value associated with maximum VIN. tON = VOUT VINmax. x fSW Substituting for RtON results in the following solution. RtON = 129.9 k, use RtON = 130 k. Inductor Selection In order to determine the inductance, the ripple current must first be defined. Low inductor values result in smaller size but create higher ripple current which can reduce efficiency. Higher inductor values will reduce the ripple current/voltage and for a given DC resistance are more efficient. However, Document Number: 62768 S12-1972-Rev. A, 27-Aug-12 larger inductance translates directly into larger packages and higher cost. Cost, size, output ripple, and efficiency are all used in the selection process. The ripple current will also set the boundary for PSave operation. The switching will typically enter PSave mode when the load current decreases to 1/2 of the ripple current. For example, if ripple current is 4 A then PSave operation will typically start for loads less than 2 A. If ripple current is set at 40 % of maximum load current, then PSave will start for loads less than 20 % of maximum current. The inductor value is typically selected to provide a ripple current that is between 25 % to 50 % of the maximum load current. This provides an optimal trade-off between cost, efficiency, and transient performance. During the on-time, voltage across the inductor is (VIN - VOUT). The equation for determining inductance is shown next. L= (VIN - VOUT) x tON IRIPPLE Example In this example, the inductor ripple current is set equal to 50 % of the maximum load current. Thus ripple current will be 50 % x 6 A or 3 A. To find the minimum inductance needed, use the VIN and tON values that correspond to VINmax. L= (13.2 - 1.5) x 379 ns = 1.48 µH 3A A slightly larger value of 1.5 µH is selected. This will decrease the maximum IRIPPLE to 2.7 A. Note that the inductor must be rated for the maximum DC load current plus 1/2 of the ripple current. The ripple current under minimum VIN conditions is also checked using the following equations. tON_VINmin. = IRIPPLE = 25 pF x RtON x VOUT VINmin. + 10 ns = 461 ns (VIN - VOUT) x tON L IRIPPLE_min. = (10.8 V - 1.5 V) x 461 ns = 2.38 A 1.5 µH x (1 + 0.2) IRIPPLE_max. = (10.8 V - 1.5 V) x 379 ns = 3.7 A 1.5 µH x (1 - 0.2) Capacitor Selection The output capacitors are chosen based upon required ESR and capacitance. The maximum ESR requirement is controlled by the output ripple requirement and the DC tolerance. The output voltage has a DC value that is equal to the valley of the output ripple plus 1/2 of the peak-to-peak ripple. A change in the output ripple voltage will lead to a change in DC voltage at the output. The design goal for output voltage ripple is 4 % of 1.5 V or 60 mV. The maximum ESR value allowed is shown by the following equations. For technical questions, contact: [email protected] www.vishay.com 17 This document is subject to change without notice. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 SiC403A, SiC403BCD Vishay Siliconix VRIPPLE ESRmax. = IRIPPLEmax. = 60 mV 3.7 A ESRmax. = 16.2 mΩ 1 xI )2 2 RIPPLEmax. (VPEAK)2 - (VOUT)2 L (IOUT + Assuming a peak voltage VPEAK of 1.6 V (150 mV rise upon load release), and a 6 A load release, the required capacitance is shown by the next equation. 1 x 3.7)2 2 2 (1.6) - (1.5)2 1.5 µH x (6 + COUT_min. = COUT = 7.9 x COUT = 194 µF The output capacitance is usually chosen to meet transient requirements. A worst-case load release, from maximum load to no load at the exact moment when inductor current is at the peak, determines the required capacitance. If the load release is instantaneous (load changes from maximum to zero in < 1 µs), the output capacitor must absorb all the inductor's stored energy. This will cause a peak voltage on the capacitor according to the following equation. COUT_min. = 7.9 6 x 1 µs 1.5 2 2 (1.6 - 1.5) 1.5 µH x COUT_min. = 298 µF During the load release time, the voltage cross the inductor is approximately - VOUT. This causes a down-slope or falling di/dt in the inductor. If the load dI/dt is not much faster than the dI/dt of the inductor, then the inductor current will tend to track the falling load current. This will reduce the excess inductive energy that must be absorbed by the output capacitor; therefore a smaller capacitance can be used. The following can be used to calculate the needed capacitance for a given dILOAD/dt. Peak inductor current is shown by the next equation. Note that COUT is much smaller in this example, 194 µF compared to 298 µF based on a worst case load release. To meet the two design criteria of minimum 298 µF and maximum 16 m ESR, select one capacitor of 330 µF and 9 m ESR. Stability Considerations Unstable operation is possible with adaptive on-time controllers, and usually takes the form of double-pulsing or ESR loop instability. Double-pulsing occurs due to switching noise seen at the FB input or because the FB ripple voltage is too low. This causes the FB comparator to trigger prematurely after the 250 ns minimum off-time has expired. In extreme cases the noise can cause three or more successive on-times. Doublepulsing will result in higher ripple voltage at the output, but in most applications it will not affect operation. This form of instability can usually be avoided by providing the FB pin with a smooth, clean ripple signal that is at least 10 mVp-p, which may dictate the need to increase the ESR of the output capacitors. It is also imperative to provide a proper PCB layout as discussed in the Layout Guidelines section. Another way to eliminate doubling-pulsing is to add a small (~ 10 pF) capacitor across the upper feedback resistor, as shown in figure 13. This capacitor should be left unpopulated until it can be confirmed that double-pulsing exists. Adding the CTOP capacitor will couple more ripple into FB to help eliminate the problem. An optional connection on the PCB should be available for this capacitor. CTOP ILPK = Imax. + 1/2 x IRIPPLEmax. ILPK = 6 + 1/2 x 3.7 = 7.9 A VOUT Rate of change of load current = dILOAD dt R1 To FB pin R2 Imax. = maximum load release = 6 A COUT = ILPK x I I L x LPK - max. x dt VOUT dlLOAD 2 (VPK - VOUT) Example 2A dlLOAD = 1 µs dt This would cause the output current to move from 6 A to 0 A in 3 µs, giving the minimum output capacitance requirement shown in the following equation. www.vishay.com 18 Figure 13 - Capacitor Coupling to FB Pin ESR loop instability is caused by insufficient ESR. The details of this stability issue are discussed in the ESR Requirements section. The best method for checking stability is to apply a zero-to-full load transient and observe the output voltage ripple envelope for overshoot and ringing. Ringing for more than one cycle after the initial step is an indication that the ESR should be increased. For technical questions, contact: [email protected] Document Number: 62768 S12-1972-Rev. A, 27-Aug-12 This document is subject to change without notice. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 SiC403A, SiC403BCD Vishay Siliconix ESR Requirements A minimum ESR is required for two reasons. One reason is to generate enough output ripple voltage to provide 10 mVp-p at the FB pin (after the resistor divider) to avoid double-pulsing. The second reason is to prevent instability due to insufficient ESR. The on-time control regulates the valley of the output ripple voltage. This ripple voltage is the sum of the two voltages. One is the ripple generated by the ESR, the other is the ripple due to capacitive charging and discharging during the switching cycle. For most applications the minimum ESR ripple voltage is dominated by the output capacitors, typically SP or POSCAP devices. For stability the ESR zero of the output capacitor should be lower than approximately one-third the switching frequency. The formula for minimum ESR is shown by the following equation. ESRmin. = Figure 15 shows the magnitude of the ripple contribution due to CL at the FB pin. Figure 15 - FB Voltage by CL Voltage It is shown by the following equation. 3 2 x π x COUT x fSW Using Ceramic Output Capacitors When the system is using high ESR value capacitors, the feedback voltage ripple lags the phase node voltage by 90°. Therefore, the converter is easily stabilized. When the system is using ceramic output capacitors, the ESR value is normally too small to meet the above ESR criteria. As a result, the feedback voltage ripple is 180° from the phase node and behaves in an unstable manner. In this application it is necessary to add a small virtual ESR network that is composed of two capacitors and one resistor, as shown in figure 14. VFBCL = VCL x (R1//R2) x S x CC (R1//R2) x S x CC + 1 Figure 16 shows the magnitude of the ripple contribution due to the output voltage ripple at the FB pin. Figure 16 - FB Voltage by Output Voltage It is shown by the following equation. VFBΔVOUT = ΔVOUT x Figure 14 - Virtual ESR Ramp Current The ripple voltage at FB is a superposition of two voltage sources: the voltage across CL and output ripple voltage. They are defined in the following equations. VCL = R2 R1// 1 + R2 S x CC The purpose of this network is to couple the inductor current ripple information into the feedback voltage such that the feedback voltage has 90° phase lag to the switching node similar to the case of using standard high ESR capacitors. This is illustrated in figure 17. IL x DCR (s x L/DCR + 1) S x RL x CL + 1 ΔVOUT = ΔIL 8C x fSW Document Number: 62768 S12-1972-Rev. A, 27-Aug-12 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] www.vishay.com 19 This document is subject to change without notice. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 SiC403A, SiC403BCD Vishay Siliconix Figure 17 - FB Voltage in Phasor Diagram The magnitude of the feedback ripple voltage, which is dominated by the contribution from CL, is controlled by the value of R1, R2 and CC. If the corner frequency of (R1//R2) x CC is too high, the ripple magnitude at the FB pin will be smaller, which can lead to double-pulsing. Conversely, if the corner frequency of (R1//R2) x CC is too low, the ripple magnitude at FB pin will be higher. Since the SiC403A/B regulates to the valley of the ripple voltage at the FB pin, a high ripple magnitude is undesirable as it significantly impacts the output voltage regulation. As a result, it is desirable to select a corner frequency for (R1//R2) x CC to achieve enough, but not excessive, ripple magnitude and phase margin. The component values for R1, R2, and CC should be calculated using the following procedure. Select CL (typical 10 nF) and RL to match with L and DCR time constant using the following equation. RL = L DCR x CL Select CC by using the following equation. CC ≈ 1 3 x R1//R2 2 x π x fSW The resistor values (R1 and R2) in the voltage divider circuit set the VOUT for the switcher. The typical value for CC is from 10 pF to 1 nF. Dropout Performance The output voltage adjustment range for continuous conduction operation is limited by the fixed 250 ns (typical) minimum off-time of the one-shot. When working with low input voltages, the duty-factor limit must be calculated using worst-case values for on and off times. The duty-factor limitation is shown by the next equation. DUTY = System DC Accuracy (VOUT Controller) Three factors affect VOUT accuracy: the trip point of the FB error comparator, the ripple voltage variation with line and load, and the external resistor tolerance. The error comparator offset is trimmed so that under static conditions it trips when the feedback pin is 600 mV, 1 %. The on-time pulse from the SiC403A/B in the design example is calculated to give a pseudo-fixed frequency of 300 kHz. Some frequency variation with line and load is expected. This variation changes the output ripple voltage. Because adaptive on-time converters regulate to the valley of the output ripple, ½ of the output ripple appears as a DC regulation error. For example, if the output ripple is 50 mV with VIN = 6 V, then the measured DC output will be 25 mV above the comparator trip point. If the ripple increases to 80 mV with VIN = 28 V, then the measured DC output will be 40 mV above the comparator trip. The best way to minimize this effect is to minimize the output ripple. The use of 1 % feedback resistors may result in up to 1 % error. If tighter DC accuracy is required, 0.1 % resistors should be used. The output inductor value may change with current. This will change the output ripple and therefore will have a minor effect on the DC output voltage. The output ESR also affects the output ripple and thus has a minor effect on the DC output voltage. Switching Frequency Variation The switching frequency varies with load current as a result of the power losses in the MOSFETs and DCR of the inductor. For a conventional PWM constant-frequency converter, as load increases the duty cycle also increases slightly to compensate for IR and switching losses in the MOSFETs and inductor. An adaptive on-time converter must also compensate for the same losses by increasing the effective duty cycle (more time is spent drawing energy from VIN as losses increase). The on-time is essentially constant for a given VOUT/VIN combination, to offset the losses the offtime will tend to reduce slightly as load increases. The net effect is that switching frequency increases slightly with increasing load. tON(min.) tON(min.) x tOFF(max.) The inductor resistance and MOSFET on-state voltage drops must be included when performing worst-case dropout duty-factor calculations. www.vishay.com 20 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] Document Number: 62768 S12-1972-Rev. A, 27-Aug-12 This document is subject to change without notice. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 P1 VDD B2 VIN_GND B1 VIN 1 M1 1 1 1 1 1 P8 P9 VIN VIN_GND + 1 M2 C26 1uF C12 150uF 1 1 C27 1uF + C10 68uF + 1 M3 1 + C22 68uF C28 0.1uF C20 68uF EN_PSV 1 M4 C11 0.1uF VIN 1 6 9 10 11 34 C29 3.3nF FBL5 SOFT 7 VDD 3 C13 0.01uF 0 R52 FBL SOFT VDD VIN VIN VIN VIN VIN P6 ENL 1 32 ENL 29 EN_PSV EN/PSV 14 Vo SiC403 U1 NC 12 NC BST 8 R39 0R lxbst 0 C6 1uF R14 R30 26 PGD C30 31 68pF 27 ILIM 1 FB P7 PGOOD VDD 33 LX 25 24 23 R8 4.64K 28 130K PGD TON ILIM FB LXS LX LX LX LX 13 R7 0R LXBST BST 2 VOUT PGND PGND PGND PGND PGND PGND PGND PGND AGND AGND AGND 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 4 30 35 R15 10K 1.5 µH R13 100 L1 + C16 330uF 330µF C15 10µF VOUT 330uF 330µF + C18 C25 68pF R23 5.11k R10 5.11k P11 VO_GND P10 VOUT 1 P2 TON 1 Document Number: 62768 S12-1972-Rev. A, 27-Aug-12 1 1 B4 1 1 B3 VO_GND Vo SiC403A, SiC403BCD Vishay Siliconix SIC403 EVALUATION REF BOARD (External 5 V bias) Evaluation Board Schematic For technical questions, contact: [email protected] www.vishay.com 21 This document is subject to change without notice. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 SiC403A, SiC403BCD Vishay Siliconix BILL OF MATERIALS Qty. Ref. Designator PCB Footprint Value Voltage Description Part Number 2 C11, C14 SM0603 0.1 µF 50 V CAP, 0.1 µF, 50 V, 0603 Generic Component 3 C10, C20, C22 593D 68 µF 20 V 68 µF TAN, 20 V, 593D, 20 % 593D686X0020D2TE3 1 C12 Radial 150 µF 35 V CAP, Radial, 150 µF, 35 V EU-FM1V151 1 C13 SM0402 0.01 µF 50 V CAP, 0.01 µF, 50 V, 0402 Generic Component 1 C6 SM0603 1 µF 50 V 1 µF, 50 V.X7R.B, 0603 Generic Component 2 C16, C18 SM593D 330 µF 6.3 V 330 µF, 6.3 V, D 593D337X06R3E2 2 C25, C30 SM0402 68 pF 50 V CAP, 68 pF, 50 V, 0402 Generic Component 2 C26, C27 SM0805 1 µF 10 V 1 µF, 10 V, 0805 Generic Component 1 C28 SM0402 0.1 µF 10 V CAP, 0.1 µF, 10 V, 0402 Generic Component 1 C15 SM1210 10 µF 35 V CAP, 10 µF, 35 V, 1210 Generic Component 1 C29 SM0603 3.3 nF 25 V CAP, CER, 22 nF, 25 V Generic Component 1 L1 IHLP4040 1.5 µH 0 1.5 µH IHLP4040DZER1R5M01 4 M1, M2, M3, M4 0 0 0 Nylonon Standoff 8834 8 P1, P2, P6, P7, P8, P9, P10, P11 Terminal 0 0 Test Points 1573-3 1 R7 SM0603 0 50 V Res, 0 Generic Component 1 R8 SM0603 4.64K 50 V Res, 4.64K, 0603 Generic Component 1 R10 SM0603 5.11K 50 V Res, 5.11K, 0603 Generic Component 1 R13 SM0402 100 50 V 100 R, 50 V, 0402 Generic Component 1 R15 SM0603 10K 50 V Res, 10K, 50 V, 0603 Generic Component 1 R23 SM0603 5.11K 50 V Res, 5.11K, 0603 Generic Component 1 R30 SM0603 130K 50 V Res, 130K, 0603 Generic Component 1 R39 SM0402 0 50 V 0 R, 50 V, 0402 Generic Component 1 R52 SM0603 0 50 V RES, 31.6K, 50 V, 0603 Generic Component 1 U1 PowerPAK MLP55-32L 0 0 6 A micro BUCK integrated Buck Regulator with Programmable LDO SiC403ACD-T1-GE3/ SiC403BCD-T1GE3 4 B1, B2, B3, B4 0 0 0 BANANA JACK 575-4 www.vishay.com 22 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] Manufacturer Document Number: 62768 S12-1972-Rev. A, 27-Aug-12 This document is subject to change without notice. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 SiC403A, SiC403BCD Vishay Siliconix PACKAGE DIMENSIONS Top View Dim. Millimeters Min. Nom. A 0.70 A1 0.00 A2 b Inches Max. Min. Nom. Max. 0.75 0.80 0.027 0.029 0.031 - 0.05 0.00 - 0.002 0.20 ref. 0.20 Side View 0.25 Note 8 0.008 ref. 0.30 0.078 0.098 0.110 4 Bottom View Dim. Millimeters Inches Min. Nom. Max. Min. Nom. Max. D2-1 3.43 3.48 3.53 0.135 0.137 0.139 D2-2 1.00 1.05 1.10 0.039 0.041 0.043 D2-3 1.00 1.05 1.10 0.039 0.041 0.043 D2-4 1.92 1.97 2.02 0.075 0.077 0.079 D 5.00 BSC 0.196 BSC D2-5 e 0.50 BSC 0.019 BSC E2-1 3.43 3.48 3.53 0.135 0.137 0.139 E 5.00 BSC 0.196 BSC E2-2 1.61 1.66 1.71 0.063 0.065 0.067 E2-3 1.43 1.48 1.53 0.056 0.058 0.060 L 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.013 0.015 0.017 N 32 32 3 Nd 8 8 3 Ne 8 8 3 E2-4 0.36 0.45 0.014 0.018 Note: 1. Use millimeters as the primary measurement. 2. Dimensioning and tolerances conform to ASME Y1 4.5M - 1994. 3. N is the number of terminals Nd is the number of terminals in X-direction and Ne is the number of terminals in Y-direction. 4. Dimensions applies to plated terminal and is measured between 0.20 mm and 0.25 mm from terminal tip. 5. The pin #1 identifier must be existed on the top surface of the package by using indentation mark or other feature of package body. 6. Exact shape and size of this feature is optional. 7. Package warpage max. 0.08 mm. 8. Applied only for terminals. Vishay Siliconix maintains worldwide manufacturing capability. Products may be manufactured at one of several qualified locations. Reliability data for Silicon Technology and Package Reliability represent a composite of all qualified locations. For related documents such as package/tape drawings, part marking, and reliability data, see www.vishay.com/ppg?62768. Document Number: 62768 S12-1972-Rev. A, 27-Aug-12 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] www.vishay.com 23 This document is subject to change without notice. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 Package Information Vishay Siliconix PowerPAK® MLP55-32L CASE OUTLINE 0.08 C A A1 D A2 25 1 4 (5 mm x 5 mm) Pin #1 identification R0.200 E2 - 3 0.10 E 32L T/SLP D2 - 2 32 24 E2 - 1 CAB e 0.10 CB D2 - 1 0.360 8 17 B b 16 L C 0.36 Top View (Nd-1) Xe Ref. 0.10 CA A E2 - 2 2x 0.45 5 6 Pin 1 dot by marking 2x Side View D2 - 3 D2 - 4 (Nd-1) Xe Ref. D4 9 Bottom View MILLIMETERS INCHES DIM MIN. NOM. MAX. MIN. NOM. A 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.031 0.033 0.035 A1(8) 0.00 - 0.05 0.000 - 0.002 0.30 0.078 A2 b(4) 0.20 REF. 0.20 0.25 0.008 REF. 0.098 D 5.00 BSC 0.196 BSC e 0.50 BSC 0.019 BSC E 5.00 BSC L 0.35 0.40 MAX. 0.011 0.196 BSC 0.45 0.013 0.015 N(3) 32 32 Nd(3) 8 8 Ne(3) 8 0.017 8 D2 - 1 3.43 3.48 3.53 0.135 0.137 0.139 D2 - 2 1.00 1.05 1.10 0.039 0.041 0.043 D2 - 3 1.00 1.05 1.10 0.039 0.041 0.043 D2 - 4 1.92 1.97 2.02 0.075 0.077 0.079 E2 - 1 3.43 3.48 3.53 0.135 0.137 0.139 E2 - 2 1.61 1.66 1.71 0.063 0.065 0.067 E2 - 3 1.43 1.48 1.53 0.056 0.058 0.060 ECN: T-08957-Rev. A, 29-Dec-08 DWG: 5983 Notes 1. Use millimeters as the primary measurement. 2. Dimensioning and tolerances conform to ASME Y14.5M. - 1994. 3. N is the number of terminals. Nd is the number of terminals in X-direction and Ne is the number of terminals in Y-direction. 4. Dimension b applies to plated terminal and is measured between 0.20 mm and 0.25 mm from terminal tip. 5. The pin #1 identifier must be existed on the top surface of the package by using indentation mark or other feature of package body. 6. Exact shape and size of this feature is optional. 7. Package warpage max. 0.08 mm. 8. Applied only for terminals. Document Number: 64714 Revision: 29-Dec-08 www.vishay.com 1 Legal Disclaimer Notice www.vishay.com Vishay Disclaimer ALL PRODUCT, PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS AND DATA ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE TO IMPROVE RELIABILITY, FUNCTION OR DESIGN OR OTHERWISE. Vishay Intertechnology, Inc., its affiliates, agents, and employees, and all persons acting on its or their behalf (collectively, “Vishay”), disclaim any and all liability for any errors, inaccuracies or incompleteness contained in any datasheet or in any other disclosure relating to any product. Vishay makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of the products for any particular purpose or the continuing production of any product. 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