TA8435H/HQ TOSHIBA BIPOLAR LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SILICON MONOLITHIC TA8435H/HQ PWM CHOPPER-TYPE BIPOLAR STEPPING MOTOR DRIVER. The TA8435H/HQ is a PWM chopper-type sinusoidal micro-step bipolar stepping motor driver. Sinusoidal micro-step operation is achieved using only a clock signal input by means of built-in hardware. FEATURES z Single-chip bipolar sinusoidal micro-step stepping motor driver z Output current up to 1.5 A (AVE.) and 2.5 A (PEAK) z PWM chopper-type z Structured by high voltage Bi-CMOS process technology z Forward and reverse rotation are available z 2-, 1-2-, W1-2-, and 2W1-2-phase modes, and one- or two-clock drives can be selected. Weight: 9.86 g (typ.) z Package: HZIP25-P z Input pull-up resistor equipped with RESET pin: R = 100 kΩ (typ.) z Output monitor available with MO IO ( MO ) = ±2 mA (MAX.) z Equipped with RESET and ENABLE pins. TA8435HQ: The TA8435HQ is a Sn-Ag plated product that includes Pb. The following conditions apply to solderability: *Solderability 1. Use of Sn-37 Pb solder bath *solder bath temperature = 230°C *dipping time = 5 seconds *number of times = once *use of R-type flux 2. Use of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder bath *solder bath temperature = 245°C *dipping time = 5 seconds *number of times = once *use of R-type flux 1 2006-3-2 TA8435H/HQ BLOCK DIAGRAM Non-connection 2 2006-3-2 TA8435H/HQ PIN CONNECTION (top view) Note: NC: No connection 3 2006-3-2 TA8435H/HQ PIN FUNCTION PIN No SYMBOL FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION 1 SG Signal GND 2 RESET L : RESET 3 ENABLE L : ENABLE, H: OFF 4 OSC 5 CW / CCW Chopping oscillation is determined by the external capacitor 6 CK2 Clock input terminal. 7 CK1 Clock input terminal. 8 M1 Excitation control input 9 M2 Excitation control input 10 REF IN 11 MO Monitor output 12 NC No connection. 13 VCC Voltage supply for logic. 14 NC No connection. 15 VMB Output power supply terminal. 16 φB Output φ B 17 PG−B 18 NFB 19 φB Forward / Reverse switching terminal. VNF control input Power GND. B−ch output current detection terminal. Output φB 20 φA Output φ A 21 NFA A−ch output current detection terminal. 22 PG−A 23 φA 24 VMA Output power supply terminal. 25 NC No connection Power GND Output φA 4 2006-3-2 TA8435H/HQ OUTPUT CIRCUIT INPUT CIRCUIT z CK1, CK2, CW / CCW, M1, M2, REF IN: Terminals z RESET , ENABLE : Terminals z OSC: Terminal Equipped with 100 kΩ of pull-up resistance. 5 2006-3-2 TA8435H/HQ OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY CALCULATION The sawtooth oscillator (OSC) circuit consists of Q1 through Q4 and R1 through R4. Q2 is turned off when VOSC is less than the voltage of 2.5 V + VBE (Q2), a value that is approximately equal to 2.85 V. VOSC is increased by COSC charging through R1. Q3 and Q4 are turned on when VOSC becomes 2.85 V (High level.) The Low level of V (4) pin is equal to VBE(Q2) + V(SAT)(Q4), which is approximately equal to 1.4 V. VOSC is calculated by following equation: ⎡ ⎛ 1 VOSC = 5· ⎢1 − exp ⎜⎜ − C ·R 1 OSC ⎝ ⎣ ⎞⎤ ⎟⎟ ⎥ ------------------- (1). ⎠⎦ Assuming that VOSC = 1.4 V (t = t1) and = 2.85 V (t = t2), and given that COSC is the external capacitance connected to pin (4) and R1 is an on-chip 10 kΩ resistor, the OSC frequency is calculated as follows: t1 = − COSC· R 1· l n ( 1 − 1.4 ) ---------------------- (2), 5 t2 = − COSC· R 1· l n ( 1 − 2.85 ) -------------------- (3), 5 fOSC = 1 1 = 1.4 2.85 t2 − t1 C ) − R 1· l n ( 1 − )) OSC (R 1· l n ( 1 − 5 5 = 1 (kHz)(COSC : µF) . 5.15·COSC 6 2006-3-2 TA8435H/HQ ENABLE AND RESET FUNCTION AND MO SIGNAL Figure 1: 1-2 phase drive mode (M1: H, M2: L) The ENABLE signal at High level disables only the output signals. Internal logic functions proceed in accordance with input clock signals and without regard to the ENABLE signal. Therefore output current is initiated by the timing of the internal logic circuit after release of disable mode. Figure 1 shows the ENABLE functions for when 1-2 phase drive is selected for the system. Figure 2: 1-2 phase drive mode (M1: H, M2: L) The RESET signal at Low level not only turns off the output signals but also stops the internal clock functions, while MO (Monitor Output) signals are set to low. Output signals are initiated from the initial point after release of RESET (High), as shown in Figure 2. MO signals can be used as rotation and initial signals for stable rotation checking. 7 2006-3-2 TA8435H/HQ FUNCTION INITIAL MODE INPUT CW / CCW RESET ENABLE H L H L CW L L H L INHIBIT H L H L CCW L L H L INHIBIT H H H L CCW L H H L INHIBIT H H H L CW L H H L INHIBIT X X X L L RESET X X X X H Z INPUT EXCITATION MODE MODE CK2 CK1 (Note) (Note) A PHASE CURRENT B PHASE CURRENT 2-Phase 100% −100% 1-2- Phase 100% 0% W1-2-Phase 100% 0% 2W1-2-Phase 100% 0% (Note) Z: High Impedance (Note) X: Don’t Care MODE (EXCITATION) M1 M2 L L 2-Phase H L 1-2-Phase L H W1-2-Phase H H 2W1-2-Phase 2-PHASE EXCITATION 1-2-PHASE EXCITATION (M1: L, M2: L, CW MODE) (M1: H, M2: L, CW MODE) 8 2006-3-2 TA8435H/HQ W1-2-PHASE EXCITATION (M1: L, M2: H, CW MODE) 9 2006-3-2 TA8435H/HQ 2W1-2-PHASE EXCITATION (M1: H, M2: H, CW MODE) 10 2006-3-2 TA8435H/HQ ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (Ta = 25°C) CHARACTERISTIC SYMBOL RATING UNIT Supply Voltage VCC 5.5 V Output Voltage VM 40 V PEAK IO (PEAK) 2.5 AVE IO (AVE.) 1.5 IO ( MO ) ±2 mA Input Voltage VIN ~VCC V Power Dissipation PD Operating Temperature Topr −40~85 °C Storage Temperature Tstg −55~150 °C Feed Back Voltage VNF 1.0 V Output Current MO Output Current A 5 (Note 1) W 43 (Note 2) Note 1: No heat sink Note 2: Tc = 85°C RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS (Ta = −20~75°C) CHARACTERISTIC SYMBOL TEST CONDITION MIN TYP. MAX UNIT Supply Voltage VCC ― 4.5 5.0 5.5 V Output Voltage VM ― 21.6 24 26.4 V Output Current IOUT ― ― ― 1.5 A Input Voltage VIN ― ― ― VCC V Clock Frequency fCK ― ― ― 5 kHz OSC Frequency fOSC ― 15 ― 80 kHz 11 2006-3-2 TA8435H/HQ ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Ta = 25°C, VCC = 5 V, VM = 24 V) CHARACTERISTIC SYMBOL High VIN (H) Low VIN (L) Input Voltage Input Hysteresis Voltage TEST CIR− CUIT 1 MIN TYP. MAX 3.5 ― VCC + 0.4 GND −0.4 ― 1.5 ― 600 ― mV M1, M2, REF IN, VIN = 5.0 V ― ― 100 nA RESET , ENABLE , VIN = 0 V INTERNAL PULL−UP RESISTOR 10 50 100 µA SOURCE TYPE, VIN = 0 V ― ― 100 nA ― 10 18 ― 10 18 M1, M2, CW / CCW, REF IN ENABLE , CK1, CK2 RESET VH IIN−1 (H) Input Current TEST CONDITION IIN−1 (L) 1 IIN−2 (L) Output Open, RESET ICC1 UNIT V :H ENABLE : L (2, 1−2 phase excitation) Quiescent Current VCC Terminal ICC2 1 Output Open, RESET ENABLE :H :L mA (W1−2, 2W1−2 phase excitation) Comparator Reference Voltage High Low ICC3 RESET : L, ENABLE : H ― 5 ― ICC4 RESET : H, ENABLE : H ― 5 ― 0.72 0.8 0.88 VNF (H) 3 REF IN H Output Open (Note) REF IN L Output Open VNF (L) V 0.45 0.5 0.55 Output Differential ∆VO ― B / A, COSC = 0.0033 µF, RNF = 0.8 Ω −10 ― 10 % VNF (H) − VNF (L) ∆VNF ― VNF (L) / VNF (H) COSC = 0.0033 µF, RNF = 0.8 Ω 56 63 70 % INF ― SOURCE TYPE ― 170 ― µA Maximum OSC Frequency fOSC (MAX.) ― ― 100 ― ― kHz Minimum OSC Frequency fOSC (MIN.) ― ― ― ― 10 kHz fOSC ― 25 44 62 kHz tW (CK) ― ― 1.0 ― µs 4.5 4.9 VCC GND 0.1 0.5 NF Terminal Current OSC Frequency Minimum Clock Pulse Width Output Voltage VOH ( MO ) VOL (MO) Note: ― COSC = 0.0033 µF ― IOH = −40 µA IOL = 40 µA V 2-phase excitation, RNF = 0.7 Ω, COSC = 0.0033 µF 12 2006-3-2 TA8435H/HQ OUTPUT BLOCK CHARACTERISTIC Output Saturation Voltage Diode Forward Voltage SYMBOL TEST CIR− CUIT TEST CONDITION TYP. MAX ― 2.1 2.8 ― 1.3 2.0 ― 1.8 2.2 ― 1.1 1.5 UNIT Upper Side VSAT U1 Lower Side VSAT L1 Upper Side VSAT U2 Lower Side VSAT L2 Upper Side VSAT U3 IOUT = 2.5 A ― 2.5 3.0 Lower Side VSAT L3 Pulse width 30 ms ― 1.8 2.2 Upper Side VF U1 ― 2.0 3.0 Lower Side VF L1 ― 1.5 2.1 Upper Side VF U2 IOUT = 2.5 A ― 2.5 3.3 Lower Side VF L2 Pulse width 30 ms ― 1.8 2.5 ENABLE : "H" Level, Output Open ― ― 50 µA ― 8 15 mA IOUT = 1.5 A 4 Output Dark Current (A + B Channels) IOUT = 0.8 A IOUT = 1.5 A 5 IM1 2 IM2 RESET : θ=0 ― 100 ― 2W1−2φ ― θ=1/8 ― 100 ― ― θ=2/8 86 91 96 78 83 88 66.4 71.4 76.4 50.5 55.5 60.5 2W1−2φ W1−2φ 2W1−2φ ― ― A−B Chopping 2W1−2φ W1−2φ 1−2φ Current 2W1−2φ ― ― (Note) REF IN : H RNF = 0.8 Ω COSC = 0.0033 µF θ=3/8 VECTOR ― θ=4/8 θ=5/8 2W1−2φ W1−2φ ― θ=6/8 35 40 45 2W1−2φ ― θ=7/8 15 20 25 ― 100 ― ― 2 Phase Excitation Mode VECTOR V "H" Level 2W1−2φ W1−2φ 1−2φ ― V "L" Level ENABLE : "L" Level Output Open RESET : Note: MIN ― % Maximum current (θ = 0): 100% 2W1−2φ : 2W1-2-phase excitation mode W1−2φ : W1-2-phase excitation mode 1−2φ : 1-2-phase excitation mode 13 2006-3-2 TA8435H/HQ CHARACTERISTIC 2W1−2φ A−B Chopping Current (Note) SYMBOL TEST CIR− CUIT W1−2φ 1−2φ TEST CONDITION MIN TYP. MAX θ=0 ― 100 ― ― 100 ― 86 91 96 78 83 88 66.4 71.4 76.4 2W1−2φ ― ― θ=1/8 2W1−2φ W1−2φ ― θ=2/8 2W1−2φ 2W1−2φ ― ― W1−2φ 1−2φ REF IN : H RNF = 0.8 Ω COSC = 0.0033 µF θ=3/8 VECTOR ― θ=4/8 2W1−2φ ― ― θ=5/8 50.5 55.5 60.5 2W1−2φ W1−2φ ― θ=6/8 35 40 45 2W1−2φ ― ― θ=7/8 15 20 25 ― ― 100 ― ∆θ = 0 / 8 − 1 / 8 ― 0 ― ∆θ = 1 / 8 − 2 / 8 32 72 112 24 64 104 53 93 133 87 127 167 ∆θ = 5 / 8 − 6 / 8 84 124 164 ∆θ = 6 / 8 − 7 / 8 120 160 200 ― 0.3 ― ― 2.2 ― ― 1.5 ― 2 Phase Excitation Mode VECTOR ∆θ = 2 / 8 − 3 / 8 Feed Back Voltage Step ∆VNF ― ∆θ = 3 / 8 − 4 / 8 ∆θ = 4 / 8 − 5 / 8 tr RL = 2 Ω, VNF = 0 V, CL = 15 pF tf tpLH CK~Output tpHL Output Tr Switching Characteristics tpLH tpHL 7 tpLH tpLH ENABLE ~Output tpHL Note: Upper Side IOH Lower Side IOL OSC~Output RESET ~Output tpHL Output Leakage Current REF IN : H RNF = 0.8 Ω COSC = 0.0033 µF 6 VM = 30 V ― 2.7 ― ― 5.4 ― ― 6.3 ― ― 2.0 ― ― 2.5 ― ― 5.0 ― ― 6.0 ― ― ― 50 ― ― 50 UNIT % mV µs µA Maximum current (θ = 0): 100% 2W1−2φ : 2W1-2-phase excitation mode W1−2φ : W1-2-phase excitation mode 1−2φ : 1-2-phase excitation mode 14 2006-3-2 TA8435H/HQ TEST CIRCUIT 1 VIN (H), (L), IIN (H), (L) TA8435H/HQ TEST CIRCUIT 2 ICC, IM TA8435H/HQ 15 2006-3-2 TA8435H/HQ TEST CIRCUIT 3 VNF (H), (L) TA8435H/HQ TEST CIRCUIT 4 VCE (SAT) UPPER SIDE, LOWER SIDE TA8435H/HQ Note: Calibrate Io to 1.5 A / 0.8 A by RL 16 2006-3-2 TA8435H/HQ TEST CIRCUIT 5 VFU, VFL TA8435H/HQ TEST CIRCUIT 6 IOH, IOL TA8435H/HQ 17 2006-3-2 TA8435H/HQ AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS, MEASUREMENT WAVE CK (OSC)−OUT 18 2006-3-2 TA8435H/HQ OUTPUT CURRENT VECTOR ORBIT (normalized to 90° per step) θ ROTATION ANGLE IDEAL VECTOR LENGTH TA8435H/HQ IDEAL TA8435H/HQ θ0 0° 0° 100 100.00 ― θ1 11.25° 11.31° 100 101.98 ― θ2 22.5° 23.73° 100 99.40 ― θ3 33.75° 33.77° 100 99.85 ― θ4 45° 45° 100 100.97 141.42 θ5 56.25° 56.23° 100 99.85 ― θ6 67.5° 66.27° 100 99.40 ― θ7 78.75° 78.69° 100 101.98 ― θ8 90° 90° 100 100.00 ― 1−2 / W1−2 / 2W1−2-Phase 19 2-Phase 2006-3-2 TA8435H/HQ TA8435H/HQ APPLICATION CIRCUIT Note 1: A Schottky diode (3GWJ42) for preventing punch−through current should also be connected between each output (pin 16 / 19 / 20 / 23). Note 2: The GND pattern should be laid out at one point to prevent common impedance. Note 3: A capacitor for noise suppression should be connected between the power supply (VCC, VM) and GND to stabilize operation. Note 4: Utmost care is necessary in the design of the output, VCC, VM, and GND lines since the IC may be destroyed by short-circuiting between outputs, air contamination faults, or faults due to improper grounding, or by short-circuiting between contiguous pins. 20 2006-3-2 TA8435H/HQ When using TA8435H/HQ 0. Introduction The TA8435H/HQ controls the PWM to set the stepping motor winding current to a constant current. The device is a micro-step driver IC used to drive the stepping motor efficiently at low vibration. 1. Micro-step drive The TA8435H/HQ drives the stepping motor in micro steps with a maximum resolution of 1/8 of the 2-phase stepping angle (in 2W1-2-phase mode). In micro step operation, A-phase and B-phase current levels are set inside the IC so that the composite vector size and the rotation angle are even. Just inputting clock signals rotates the stepping motor in micro steps. 2. PWM control and output current setting (1) Output current path (PWM control) The TA8435H/HQ controls the PWM by turning the upper power transistor on and off. Here, current flows as shown in the figure below. (2) Setting of output current by REF-IN input and current detection resistor The motor current (maximum current for micro-step drive) IO is set as shown in the following equation, using REF-IN input and the external current detection resistor RNF. IO = VREF / RNF where, REF−IN = High, REF−IN = Low, VREF = 0.8 V VREF = 0.5 V 21 2006-3-2 TA8435H/HQ 3. Logic control (1) Clock input for rotation direction control To switch rotation between forward and reverse, there are two types of clock input: one-clock input and two-clock input. (a) One-clock input One clock pin, CK1 or CK2, is used for clock input. In this case, rotation is switched between forward or reverse using a CW or CCW signal. <Input signal example: 1-2-phase mode> (b) Two-clock input Both clock pins, CK1 and CK2, are used for clock input. Switching between CK1 and CK2 controls forward and reverse rotation. <Input signal example: 1-2-phase mode> 22 2006-3-2 TA8435H/HQ (2) Mode setting Setting M1 and M2 selects one of the following modes: 2-phase, 1-2-phase, W1-2-phase, and 2W1-2-phase modes. (3) Monitor ( MO ) output The product supports the use of monitor output to monitor the current waveform location. For 2-phase mode, the MO output is Low if the timing of the A-phase current = 100% and that of the B-phase current = -100%. For 1-2-phase, W1-2-phase, or 2W1-2-phase mode, the MO output is Low if the timing of the A-phase current = 100% and and that of the B-phase current = 0%. (4) Reset pin The product supports the use of reset input to reset the internal counter. Setting RESET to Low resets the internal counter, forcing the output current to the same value as that when the MO output is Low. (5) Phase mode switching To avoid step changing during motor rotation, the current must not fluctuate at phase mode switching. Pay attention to the following points. (a) During switching between 2-phase and other phase modes, the current fluctuates. (b) When switching between phase modes other than 2-phase, the current can be switched without fluctuation if the timing of MO output = Low. However, when switching as follows, set RESET to Low beforehand: from 1-2-phase to W1-2-phase or 2W1-2-phase mode; from W1-2-phase to 2W1-2-phase mode. <Example of Input Signal> 23 2006-3-2 TA8435H/HQ 4. PWM oscillation frequency (external capacitor setting) An external capacitor connected to the OSC pin is used to generate internally a sawtooth waveform. PWM is controlled using this frequency. Toshiba recommend 3300 pF for the capacitance, taking variations between ICs into consideration. 5. External Schottky diode A parasitic diode can be supported on the lower side of the output. When PWM is controlled, current flows to this parasitic diode. Unfortunately, this current has the effect of generating punch-through current and micro-step waveform fluctuation. For this reason, be sure to connect a Schottky barrier diode externally. This external diode can also reduce heat generated in the IC. 6. Power dissipation The IC power dissipation is determined by the following equation (where the Schottky diode is connected between the output pin and GND): P = VCC × ICC + VM × IM + IO (tON × VSAT−U + VSAT−L) tON = TON / TS (PWM control ON duty). The higher the ambient temperature, the smaller the power dissipation. Check the PD-Ta curve, and be sure to design the heat dissipation with a sufficient margin. 7. Heatsink fin processing The IC fin (rear) is electrically connected to the rear of the chip. When current flows to the fin, the IC malfunctions. If there is any possibility of a voltage being generated between the IC GND and the fin, either ground the fin or insulate it. 24 2006-3-2 TA8435H/HQ PACKAGE DIMENSIONS HZIP25−P−1.27 Unit: mm Weight: 9.86 g (typ.) 25 2006-3-2 TA8435H/HQ Notes on Contents 1. Block Diagrams Some of the functional blocks, circuits, or constants in the block diagram may be omitted or simplified for explanatory purposes. 2. Equivalent Circuits The equivalent circuit diagrams may be simplified or some parts of them may be omitted for explanatory purposes. 3. Timing Charts Timing charts may be simplified for explanatory purposes. 4. Application Circuits The application circuits shown in this document are provided for reference purposes only. Thorough evaluation is required, especially at the mass production design stage. Toshiba does not grant any license to any industrial property rights by providing these examples of application circuits. 5. Test Circuits Components in the test circuits are used only to obtain and confirm the device characteristics. These components and circuits are not guaranteed to prevent malfunction or failure from occurring in the application equipment. IC Usage Considerations Notes on handling of ICs [1] The absolute maximum ratings of a semiconductor device are a set of ratings that must not be exceeded, even for a moment. Do not exceed any of these ratings. Exceeding the rating(s) may cause the device breakdown, damage or deterioration, and may result injury by explosion or combustion. [2] Use an appropriate power supply fuse to ensure that a large current does not continuously flow in case of over current and/or IC failure. The IC will fully break down when used under conditions that exceed its absolute maximum ratings, when the wiring is routed improperly or when an abnormal pulse noise occurs from the wiring or load, causing a large current to continuously flow and the breakdown can lead smoke or ignition. To minimize the effects of the flow of a large current in case of breakdown, appropriate settings, such as fuse capacity, fusing time and insertion circuit location, are required. [3] If your design includes an inductive load such as a motor coil, incorporate a protection circuit into the design to prevent device malfunction or breakdown caused by the current resulting from the inrush current at power ON or the negative current resulting from the back electromotive force at power OFF. IC breakdown may cause injury, smoke or ignition. Use a stable power supply with ICs with built-in protection functions. If the power supply is unstable, the protection function may not operate, causing IC breakdown. IC breakdown may cause injury, smoke or ignition. [4] Do not insert devices in the wrong orientation or incorrectly. Make sure that the positive and negative terminals of power supplies are connected properly. Otherwise, the current or power consumption may exceed the absolute maximum rating, and exceeding the rating(s) may cause the device breakdown, damage or deterioration, and may result injury by explosion or combustion. In addition, do not use any device that is applied the current with inserting in the wrong orientation or incorrectly even just one time. 26 2006-3-2 TA8435H/HQ Points to remember on handling of ICs (1) Heat Radiation Design In using an IC with large current flow such as power amp, regulator or driver, please design the device so that heat is appropriately radiated, not to exceed the specified junction temperature (TJ) at any time and condition. These ICs generate heat even during normal use. An inadequate IC heat radiation design can lead to decrease in IC life, deterioration of IC characteristics or IC breakdown. In addition, please design the device taking into considerate the effect of IC heat radiation with peripheral components. (2) Back-EMF When a motor rotates in the reverse direction, stops or slows down abruptly, a current flow back to the motor’s power supply due to the effect of back-EMF. If the current sink capability of the power supply is small, the device’s motor power supply and output pins might be exposed to conditions beyond maximum ratings. To avoid this problem, take the effect of back-EMF into consideration in system design. 27 2006-3-2 TA8435H/HQ 28 2006-3-2