INTEGRATED CIRCUITS DATA SHEET PCA5010 Pager baseband controller Product specification File under Integrated Circuits, IC17 1998 Nov 02 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 CONTENTS 14 APPENDIX 1: SPECIAL MODES OF THE PCA5010 Overview OTP parallel programming mode Test modes 1 FEATURES 2 ORDERING INFORMATION 3 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 14.1 14.2 14.3 4 BLOCK DIAGRAM 15 5 PINNING INFORMATION APPENDIX 2: THE PARALLEL PROGRAMMING MODE 6 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION 6.1 6.2 6.3 Introduction General description Entering the parallel programming mode Address space Single byte programming Multiple byte programming High voltage timing OTP test modes Signature bytes Security 16 APPENDIX 3: OS SHEET 17 APPENDIX 4: BONDING PAD LOCATIONS 18 PACKAGE OUTLINE 19 SOLDERING 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 Introduction Reflow soldering Wave soldering Repairing soldered joints 20 DEFINITIONS 6.18 6.19 6.20 6.21 6.22 General CPU timing Overview on the different clocks used within the PCA5010 Memory organization Addressing I/O facilities Timer/event counters I2C-bus serial I/O Serial interface SIO0: UART 76.8 kHz oscillator Clock correction 6 MHz oscillator Real-time clock Wake-up counter Tone generator Watchdog timer 2 or 4-FSK demodulator, filter and clock recovery circuit AFC-DAC Interrupt system Idle and power-down operation Reset DC/DC converter 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 15.7 15.8 15.9 15.10 21 LIFE SUPPORT APPLICATIONS 22 PURCHASE OF PHILIPS I2C COMPONENTS 7 INSTRUCTION SET 7.1 Instruction Map 8 LIMITING VALUES 9 EXTERNAL COMPONENTS 10 DC CHARACTERISTICS 11 AC CHARACTERISTICS 12 CHARACTERISTIC CURVES 13 TEST AND APPLICATION INFORMATION 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 6.17 1998 Nov 02 2 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 1 PCA5010 FEATURES • Operating temperature range: −10 to +55 °C • Supply voltage range with on-chip DC/DC converter: 0.9 to 1.6 V • Low operating and standby current consumption • On-chip DC/DC converter generates the supply voltage for the PCA5010 and external circuitry from a single cell battery • Decoding of paging data – POCSAG or APOC phase 1; advanced high speed paging protocols are also supported • Battery low detector – Supported data rates: 1200, 1600, 2400, 3125 and 3200 symbols/s using a 76.8 kHz crystal oscillator • Low electromagnetic noise emission • Full static asynchronous 80C51 CPU (8-bit CPU) – Demodulation of Zero-IF I and Q, 4 or 2 level FSK input or direct data input • Recovery from lowest power standby Idle mode to full speed operation within microseconds – Noise filtering of data input and symbol clock reconstruction • 32 kbytes of One-Time Programmable (OTP) memory and 1.25 kbyte of RAM on-chip – De-interleaving, error checking and correction, sync word detection address recognition, buffering and more is performed by software • 27 general purpose I/O port lines (4 ports with interrupt possibility) • 15 different interrupt sources with selectable priority – All user functions (keypad interface, alerter control, display etc.) are implemented in software. • 2 standard timer/event counters T0 and T1 • Musical tone generator for beeper, controlled by the microcontroller • I2C-bus serial port (single 100/400 kHz master transmitter and receiver) • Watchdog timer • Subset of standard UART serial port (8-bit and 9-bit transmission at 4800/9600 bits/s) • 48-pin LQFP package. • 76.8 kHz crystal oscillator reference with digital clock correction for real time and paging protocol • Real-Time Clock (RTC) • Receiver and synthesizer control – Receiver control by software through general purpose I/Os – Synthesizer control by software through general purpose I/Os – 6-bit DAC for AFC to the receiver local oscillator – Dedicated protocol timer. 2 ORDERING INFORMATION TYPE NUMBER(1) PACKAGE PRODUCT TYPE NAME DESCRIPTION PCA5010H/XXX pre-programmed OTP LQFP48 plastic low profile quad flat package; 48 leads; body 7 × 7 × 1.4 mm VERSION SOT313-2 Note 1. Please refer to the Order Entry Form (OEF) for this device for the full type number to use when ordering. This type number will also specify the required program. 1998 Nov 02 3 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 3 PCA5010 The instruction set of the PCA5010 is based on that of the 80C51. The PCA5010 also functions as an arithmetic processor having facilities for both binary and BCD arithmetic plus bit-handling capabilities. The instruction set consists of over 100 instructions: 49 one-byte, 46 two-byte and 16 three-byte. GENERAL DESCRIPTION The PCA5010 pager baseband controller is manufactured in an advanced CMOS/OTP technology. The PCA5010 is an 8-bit microcontroller especially suited for pagers. For this purpose, features such as a 4 or 2 level FSK demodulator, filter, clock recovery, protocol timer, DC/DC converter optimized for small paging systems and RTC are integrated on-chip. This data sheet details the properties of the PCA5010. For details on the I2C-bus functions see “The I2C-bus and how to use it”. For details on the basic 80C51 properties and features see “Data Handbook IC20”. The device is optimized for low power consumption. The PCA5010 has several software selectable modes for power reduction: Idle and Power-down mode of the microcontroller and Standby and OFF mode of the DC/DC converter. 1998 Nov 02 4 This text is here in white to force landscape pages to be rotated correctly when browsing through the pdf in the Acrobat reader.This text is here in _white to force landscape pages to be rotated correctly when browsing through the pdf in the Acrobat reader.This text is here inThis text is here in white to force landscape pages to be rotated correctly when browsing through the pdf in the Acrobat reader. white to force landscape pages to be ... ZERO-IF 4L DEMODULATOR VPP AFCOUT PORT CONTROL DAC RAM AT 8 P2 5 PROCESSOR 80C51 4 P3 7 P1 TIMER 0 INTERRUPT CONTROL VIND DC/DC CONVERTER P0 OTP/ROM TONE GENERATOR 6 MHz OSCILLATOR VDD(DC) VSS(DC) 8 P0 WATCHDOG Philips Semiconductors SYMBOL SAMPLING CLOCK RECOVERY Pager baseband controller BLOCK DIAGRAM DIGITAL FILTER 2 4 andbook, full pagewidth 1998 Nov 02 I(D1), Q(D0) TIMER 1 P2 P3 (T0, T1, INT0, INT1) P1 (SDA, SCL, RXD, TXD) UART SIO various clocks VBAT 2 VDD VSS 2 RESETIN MODE AND TEST CONTROL WAKE-UP RTC CLOCK GENERATOR CLOCK CORRECTION 76.8 kHz OSCILLATOR 3 MGR107 ALE, PSEN, EA TCLK Fig.1 Block diagram. XTL1 PCA5010 supplied by VBAT XTL2 Product specification RESOUT I2C SIO POWER CONTROLLER Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 5 PCA5010 PINNING INFORMATION SYMBOL PIN TYPE DESCRIPTION P3.4 and P3.5 1 and 2 I/O Port 3: P3.4 and P3.5 are configured as push-pull outputs only (Option 3R, see Section 6.6). Using the software input commands or the secondary port function is possible by driving the Port 3 output lines accordingly: P3.4 secondary function: T0 (counter input for T0) P3.5 secondary function: T1 (counter input for T1) AT 3 O Beeper high volume control output. Used to drive external bipolar transistor. P2.0 to P2.7 4 to 11 I/O Port 2: Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups (option 1S, see Section 6.6.3). As inputs, Port 2 pins that are externally pulled LOW will source current because of the internal pull-ups. (See Chapter 10: Ipu). Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external program memory. In this application, it uses strong internal pull-ups when emitting logic 1s. Port 2 is also used to control the parallel programming mode of the on-chip OTP. P0.0 to P0.4 12 to 16 I/O Port 0: Port 0 is a bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups (option 1S, see Section 6.6.3). Port 0 pins that have logic 1s written to them are pulled HIGH by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. Port 0 is also the multiplexed low-order address and data bus during access to external program and data memory. In this application, it uses strong internal pull-ups when emitting logic 1s. Port 0 also outputs the code bytes during OTP programming verification. VDDA 17 S supply voltage for the analog parts of the PCA5010 and the receiver/synthesizer control signals (Port 0 pins) AFCOUT 18 O Buffered analog output of DAC for automatic receiver frequency control. A voltage proportional to the offset of the receiver frequency can be generated. Can be enabled/disabled by software. I(D1) 19 I Input from receiver: may be demodulated NRZ signal or Zero-IF. In phase limited signal. Q(D0) 20 I Input from receiver: may be demodulated NRZ signal or Zero-IF. Quadrature limited signal. ground signal reference (for the analog parts) (connected to substrate) VSSA 21 S P0.5 to P0.7 22 to 24 I/O Port 0: Port 0 is a bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups (option 1R, 1R, 1S, see Section 6.6.3). Port 0 pins that have logic 1s written to them are pulled HIGH by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. Port 0 is also the multiplexed low-order address and data bus during access to external program and data memory. In this application, it uses strong internal pull-ups when emitting logic 1s. Port 0 also outputs the code bytes during OTP programming verification. P1.0 to P1.2 25 to 27 I/O Port 1: Port 1 is an 8-bit quasi bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. Port 1 pins that have logic 1s written to them are pulled HIGH by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that are externally pulled LOW will source current because of the internal pull-ups. (See Chapter 10: Ipu). P1.0 to P1.2 have external interrupts INT2 (X3) to INT4 (X5) assigned. 28 I/O If the UART is disabled (ENS1 in S1CON.4 = 0) then P1.3 can be used as general purpose P1 port pin. If the UART function is required, then a logic 1 must be written to P1.3. This I/O then becomes the RXD/data line of the UART. P1.3 1998 Nov 02 6 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller SYMBOL PCA5010 PIN TYPE DESCRIPTION P1.4 29 I/O If the UART is disabled (ENS1 in S1CON.4 = 0) then P1.4 can be used as general purpose P1 port pin. If the UART function is required, then a logic 1 must be written to P1.4. This I/O then becomes the TXD/clock line of the UART. P1.4 has external interrupt INT6 (X6) assigned. VSS 30 S ground (connected to substrate) VDD 31 S supply voltage for the core logic and most peripheral drivers of the PCA5010 (see VDDA) ALE 32 I/O Address Latch Enable: Output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during an access to external memory. PSEN 33 I/O Program Store Enable: The read strobe to external program memory. When the device is executing code from the external program memory, PSEN is activated for each code byte fetch. EA 34 I/O External Access Enable: EA must be externally held LOW to enable the device to fetch code from external program memory locations 0000H to 7FFFH. If EA is held HIGH, the device executes from internal program memory unless the program counter contains an address greater the 7FFFH (32 kbytes). TCLK 35 I clock input for use as timing reference in external access mode and emulation VPP 36 S Programming voltage (12.5 V) for the OTP. Is connected to VSS in the application. P1.6 37 I/O If the I2C-bus is disabled (ENS1 in S1CON.6 = 0) then P1.6 can be used as general purpose P1 port pin. If the I2C-bus function is required, then a logic 1 must be written to P1.6. This I/O then becomes the clock line of the I2C-bus. P1.6 is equipped with an open-drain output buffer. The pin has no clamp diode to VDD. P1.7 38 I/O If the I2C-bus is disabled (ENS1 in S1CON.6 = 0) then P1.7 can be used as general purpose P1 port pin. If the I2C-bus function is required, then a logic 1 must be written to P1.7. This I/O then becomes the data line of the I2C-bus. P1.7 is equipped with an open-drain output buffer. The pin has no clamp diode to VDD. XTL2 39 O output from the current source oscillator amplifier XTL1 40 I input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and time reference for pager decoder, real-time clock and timers VBAT 41 S Supply terminal from battery. Is used for supplying parts of the chip that need to operate at all times. VDD(DC) 42 O Supply voltage output of the DC/DC converter. An external capacitor is required. VIND 43 I Current input for the DC/DC converter. The booster inductor needs to be connected externally. VSS(DC) 44 S ground (connected to substrate) OTP RESETIN 45 I Schmitt trigger reset input for the PCA5010. External R and C need to be connected to the battery supply. All internal storage elements (except microcontroller RAM) are initialized when this input is activated. 1998 Nov 02 7 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller SYMBOL RESOUT P3.2 and P3.3 PCA5010 PIN TYPE DESCRIPTION 46 O Monitor output for the emulation system. Is active (LOW) whenever a reset is applied to the microcontroller (a reset can be forced by RESETIN, watchdog or wake-up from DC/DC converter in off mode). A reset to the microcontroller initializes all SFRs and port pins; it has no impact on the blocks operating from VBAT. 47 and 48 I/O Port 3: P3.2 and P3.3 are configured as push-pull output only (option 3R, see Section 6.6). Using the software input commands or the secondary port function is possible by driving the Port 3 output lines accordingly: P3.2 secondary function: INT0 (external interrupt 0) P3.4 37 P1.6 38 P1.7 39 XTL2 40 XTL1 41 VBAT 42 VDD(DC) 43 VIND 44 VSS(DC) 45 RESETIN 47 P3.2 48 P3.3 handbook, full pagewidth 46 RESOUT P3.3 secondary function: INT1 (external interrupt 1) 36 VPP 1 P3.5 2 35 TCLK 34 EA AT 3 P2.0 4 33 PSEN P2.1 5 32 ALE P2.2 6 31 VDD PCA5010H Fig.2 Pin configuration. 1998 Nov 02 8 P0.7 24 P0.6 23 P0.5 22 25 P1.0 VSSA 21 P0.0 12 Q(D0) 20 26 P1.1 I(D1) 19 27 P1.2 P2.7 11 VDDA 17 P2.6 10 AFCOUT 18 28 P1.3 P0.4 16 P2.5 9 P0.3 15 29 P1.4 P0.2 14 30 VSS P2.4 8 P0.1 13 P2.3 7 MGR336 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 6 PCA5010 TANGRAM is a high level programming language which allows the description of parallel and sequential processes that can be compiled into logic on silicon. The CPU has the following features: FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION 6.1 General The PCA5010 contains a high-performance CMOS microcontroller and the required peripheral circuitry to implement high-speed pagers for the modern paging protocols. For this purpose, features such as FSK demodulator, protocol timer, real-time clock and DC/DC converter have been integrated on-chip. • No clock is needed. Every function within the CPU is self timed and always runs at the maximum speed that a given silicon die under the current operating conditions (supply voltage and temperature) allows. • The CPU fetches opcodes with maximum speed until a special mode (e.g. Idle) is entered that stops this sequence. The microcontroller embedded within the PCA5010 implements the standard 80C51 architecture and supports the complete instruction set of the 80C51 with all addressing modes. • Only bytes that are required are fetched from the program memory. The dummy read cycles which exist in the standard 80C51 have been omitted to save power. The PCA5010 contains 32 kbytes of OTP program memory; 1.25 kbyte of static read/write data memory, 27 I/O lines, two 16-bit timer/event counters, a fifteen-source two priority-level, nested interrupt structure and on-chip oscillator and timing circuit. • To further speed up the execution of a program, the next sequential byte is always fetched from the code memory during the execution of the current command. In the event of jumps the prefetched byte is discarded. • Since no clocks are required, the operating power consumption is essentially lower compared to conventional architectures and Idle power consumption is reduced to nearly zero (leakage only). The PCA5010 devices have several software selectable modes of reduced activity for power reduction; Idle for the CPU and standby or off for the DC/DC converter. The Idle mode freezes the CPU while allowing the RAM, timers, serial I/O and interrupt system to continue functioning. The standby mode for the DC/DC converter allows a high efficiency of the latter at low currents and the off mode reduces the supply voltage to the battery level. In the off mode the RAM contents are preserved, real-time clock and protocol timer are operating, but all other chip functions are inoperative. • Clocks are only required as timing references for timers/counters and for generating the timing to the off-chip world. 6.2.2 When code is executed in internal access mode (EA = 1), the opcodes are fetched from the on-chip OTP. The OTP is a self timed block which delivers data at maximum speed. This is the preferred operating mode of the PCA5010. Two serial interfaces are provided on-chip; a UART serial interface and an I2C-bus serial interface. The I2C-bus serial interface has byte oriented master functions allowing communication with a whole family of I2C-bus compatible slave devices. 6.2 6.2.3 CPU timing When code is executed in external access mode (EA = 0), the opcodes are fetched from an off-chip memory using the standard signals ALE, PSEN and P0, P2 for multiplexed data and address information. In this mode the identical hardware configurations as for a standard 80C51 system can be used, even if the timing for ALE and PSEN is slightly different because it is generated from an internal oscillator. BASICS The implementation of the CPU of the PCA5010 as a block in handshake technology has become possible through the TANGRAM tool set, developed in the Philips Natlab in Eindhoven. 1998 Nov 02 EXECUTION OF PROGRAMS FROM EXTERNAL CODE MEMORY The internal CPU timing of the PCA5010 is completely different to other implementations of this core. The CPU is realized in asynchronous handshaking technology, which results in extremely low power consumption and low EMC noise generation. 6.2.1 EXECUTION OF PROGRAMS FROM INTERNAL CODE MEMORY 9 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 6.3 PCA5010 Overview on the different clocks used within the PCA5010 Figure 3 gives an overview on the clocks available within the PCA5010 for the different functions. handbook, full pagewidth 76.8 kHz TONE GENERATOR (both clock edges are used) 76.8 kHz UART (both clock edges are used) 76.8 kHz TIMER 1 (both clock edges are used) 76.8 kHz OSCILLATOR 76.8 kHz DEMODULATOR/ CLOCK RECOVERY ÷150 256 Hz DIVIDER ÷9600 FOR THE DIFFERENT ÷2400 FREQUENCIES 4 Hz CORR CLOCK CORRECTION CCON.7 38.4 kHz ÷4 TIMER 0 REAL-TIME CLOCK 16 Hz 9.6 kHz WATCHDOG WAKE-UP COUNTER 76.8 kHz 6 MHz 6 MHz OSCILLATOR DIVIDER 1.5 MHz OS6CON.7 6 MHz OS6CON.7 DC/DC CONVERTER I2C-BUS MICROCONTROLLER OUTPUT AND EXTERNAL ACCESS MGL460 Fig.3 Overview on the clocks used within the PCA5010. 1998 Nov 02 10 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 6.4 PCA5010 Memory organization 6.4.2 The PCA5010 has a program memory (OTP) plus data memory (RAM) on-chip. The device has separate address spaces for Program and Data Memory (see Fig.4). If Ports P0 and P2 are not used as I/O signals these pins can be used to address up to 64 kbytes of external program memory. In this case, the CPU generates the latch signal (ALE) for an external address latch and the read strobe (PSEN) for external Program Memory. External data memory is not supported. 6.4.1 DATA MEMORY The PCA5010 contains 1280 bytes internal RAM (consisting of 256 bytes standard RAM and 1024 bytes AUX-RAM) and Special Function Registers (SFRs). Figure 4 shows the internal data memory space divided into the lower 128 bytes the upper 128 bytes and the SFR space and 1024 bytes auxiliary RAM. Internal RAM locations 0 to 127 are directly and indirectly addressable. Internal RAM locations 128 to 255 are only indirectly addressable. The SFR locations 128 to 255 bytes are only directly addressable and the auxiliary RAM is indirectly addressable as external RAM (MOVX). External Data Memory (EDM) is not supported. PROGRAM MEMORY After reset the CPU begins execution of the program memory at location 0000H. The program memory can be implemented in either internal OTP or external memory. If the EA pin is strapped to VDD, then program memory fetches are directed to the internal program memory. If the EA pin is strapped to VSS, then program memory fetches are directed to external memory. 6.4.3 SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS The second 128 bytes are the address locations of the special function registers. Table 1 shows the special function registers space. The SFRs include the port latches, timers, peripheral control, serial I/O registers, etc. These registers can only be accessed by direct addressing. There are 128 bit addressable locations in the SFR address space (those SFRs whose addresses are divisible by eight). Programming the on-chip OTP is detailed in Chapter 15. Usually Philips will deliver programmed parts to a customer. Supply of blank engineering samples is possible, but then Philips cannot give any guarantee on the programmability and retention of the program memory. FFFFH handbook, full pagewidth EXTERNAL 3FFH FFH 7FFFH DIRECT INDIRECT ADDRESSING ADDRESSING INTERNAL (EAN = 1) EXTERNAL (EAN = 0) 80H 7FH 00H INDIRECT AND DIRECT ADDRESSING INDIRECT ADDRESSING WITH DPTR INDIRECT ADDRESSING WITH Ri, DPTR 100H 0FFH 000H 0 Internal RAM SFR space PROGRAM MEMORY Internal XRAM External XRAM is not supported DATA MEMORY MGL459 Fig.4 Memory map. 1998 Nov 02 11 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 6.5 PCA5010 • Special function registers through Direct Addressing • Program memory Look-Up Tables (LUTs) through Base-Register plus Index-Register-Indirect. The PCA5010 has five methods for addressing source operands: • Register The PCA5010 is classified as an 8-bit device since the internal ROM, RAM, Special Function Registers (SFRs), Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and external data bus are all 8-bits wide. It performs operations on bit, nibble, byte and double-byte data types. • Direct • Register-Indirect • Immediate • Base-Register plus Index-Register-Indirect. Facilities are available for byte transfer, logic and integer arithmetic operations. Data transfer, logic and conditional branch operations can be performed directly on Boolean variables to provide excellent bit handling. The first three methods can be used for addressing destination operands. Most instructions have a ‘destination/source’ field that specifies the data type, addressing methods and operands involved. For operations other than MOVs, the destination operand is also a source operand. While the PCA5010 is executing code from the internal memory, ALE and PSEN pins are inactive with ALE = LOW and PSEN = HIGH. Access to memory addressing is as follows: External XRAM is not supported for this device, since P3.7 (RD) and P3.6 (WR) pins are not available. If the external XRAM is accessed accidentally, no PSEN or ALE cycle is done and actual P0 values are read. Internal XRAM access is not visible from outside the chip (no ALE, PSEN, P0 and P2 activity). • Registers in one of the four 8-register banks through Register Direct or Register-Indirect • Maximum 1280 bytes of internal data RAM through Direct or Register-Indirect – Bytes 0 to 127 of internal RAM may be addressed directly/indirectly. Bytes 128 to 255 of internal RAM share their address location with the SFRs and so may only be addressed Register-Indirect as data RAM. – Bytes 0 to 1024 of AUX-RAM can be addressed indirectly via MOVX. Bytes 256 to 1024 can only be addressed using indirect addressing with the data pointer, while bytes 0 to 255 may be also addressed using R0 or R1. 1998 Nov 02 12 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller Table 1 ADDR (HEX) PCA5010 Special Function Registers Overview; note 1 NAME 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 R/W RESET VALUE COMMENT bit addressable 80 P0 RW 9FH 81 SP RW 07H 82 DPL RW 00H 83 DPH RW 00H 87 PCON SMOD XRE ENIS − GF1 GF0 PD IDL RW 00H 88 TCON TF1 TR1 TF0 TR0 IE1 IT1 IE0 IT0 RW 00H GATE C/T M1 M0 GATE C/T M1 M0 bit addressable 89 TMOD RW 00H 8A TL0 RW 00H 8B TL1 RW 00H 8C TH0 RW 00H 8D TH1 RW 00H 90 P1 RW FFH RW 00H RW 00H RW 00H see note 2 ENB − − − − − − 92 TGCON 93 TG0 94 WUCON 95 WUC0 RW 00H see note 2 96 WUC1 RW 00H see note 2 98 S0CON RW 00H bit addressable RW 00H RW 00H RW FFH RW 00H RUN CLK2 bit addressable WUP TEST CPL Z1 Z0 LOAD SET SM0 SM1 − REN TB8 RB8 TI RI ENB − AFC5 AFC4 AFC3 AFC2 AFC1 AFC0 99 S0BUF 9E AFCON A0 P2 A5 WDCON COND WD3 WD2 WD1 WD0 − − LD A8 IEN0/IE EA EWU ES1 ES0 ET1 EX1 ET0 EX0 B0 P3 B8 IP/IP0 − PWU PS1 PS0 PT1 PX1 PT0 PX0 bit addressable RW 00H bit addressable RW C3H bit addressable RW 00H bit addressable C0 IRQ1 IQ9 IQ8 IQ7 IQ6 IQ5 IQ4 IQ3 IQ2 RW 00H bit addressable CD RTCON MIN − − − − W/R LOAD SET RW 00H see note 2 CE RTC0 RW 00H see note 2 P(3) bit addressable CY AC F0 RS1 RS0 OV RW 00H OFF SBY RXE SBLI − − STB(3) BLI(3) RW 03H DCCON1 VBG1 VBG0 VLO1 VLO0 − − − − RW 00H SF3 SF2 SF1 SF0 MFR RW 00H R 00H RW 00H D0 PSW D1 DCCON0 D2 ENB − D3 OS6CON D4 OS6M0 D8 S1CON − ENS1 STA STO SI AA − CR0 SC4 SC3 SC2 SC1 SC0 0 0 0 SF4 bit addressable D9 S1STA R 78H DA S1DAT RW 00H E0 ACC RW 00H bit addressable E8 IEN1 bit addressable E9 IX1 1998 Nov 02 EMIN EWD EDC EX6 ESC EX4 EX3 EX2 RW 00H IL9 IL8 IL7 IL6 IL5 IL4 IL3 IL2 RW 00H 13 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller ADDR (HEX) NAME PCA5010 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 R/W RESET VALUE ENB M − RES LEV BD2 BD1 BD0 RW 00H AVG1 AVG0 R 00H B1 B0 RW 00H RW 00H EC DMD0 ED DMD1 ENA EE DMD2 ENC EF DMD3 F0 B F8 IP1 PMIN PWD FC CCON ENB PLUS TEST CIV17 CIV16 CIV6 AVG6 AVG5 AVG4 AVG3 AVG2 − − BF PDC CIV5 TEST PX6 CIV4 PSC CIV3 B2 RW 00H bit addressable PX3 PX2 RW 00H bit addressable − BYPAS SET RW 00H CC0 CIV7 CIV2 CIV1 CIV0 RW 00H FE CC1 CIV15 CIV14 CIV13 CIV12 CIV11 CIV10 CIV9 CIV8 RW 00H Notes 1. An empty field in this map indicates a bit that can be read or written to by software. 2. Value only reset with RESETIN and not or only partly with an off-restart sequence. 3. This bit cannot be changed by writing to it. 7FH 30H 2FH bit-addressable space (bit addresses 0 to 7F) R7 20H 1FH R0 R7 18H 17H R0 R7 10H 0FH R0 R7 08H 07H R0 0 4 banks of 8 registers (R0 to R7) MLA560 - 1 Fig.5 The lower 128 bytes of internal data memory. 1998 Nov 02 14 ENA is RW PX4 FD handbook, halfpage COMMENT Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 6.6 6.6.1 PCA5010 Port 3 Pins are configured as strong push-pull outputs (see Table 5 for configuration details). The following alternative Port 3 functions are available, but to avoid short-circuiting of the mentioned port pins, the input signals cannot be applied externally to the Port 3 pins. The alternative function can only be stimulated via the respective port output function: I/O facilities PORTS The PCA5010 has 27 I/O lines treated as 27 individually addressable bits or as four parallel 8-bit addressable ports. Ports 0 and 2 are complete, Port 1 has only 7 and Port 3 has only 4 pins externally available. Ports 0, 1, 2 and 3 perform the following alternative functions: • External interrupt request inputs INT0/P3.2 and INT1/P3.3 Port 0 Is also used for external access, parallel OTP programming mode and emulation (see Table 2 for configuration details): • Counter inputs T0/P3.4 and T1/P3.5. • Provides the multiplexed low-order address and data bus for expanding the device with standard memories and peripherals To enable a port pin alternative function, the port bit latch in its SFR must contain a logic 1. Each port consists of a latch (SFRs P0 to P3), an output driver and input buffer. Standard ports have internal pull-ups. Figure 6a shows that the strong transistor p1 is turned on for only a short time after a LOW-to-HIGH transition in the port latch. When on, it turns on p3 (a weak pull-up) through the inverter IN1. This inverter and p3 form a latch which holds the logic 1. • Provides access to the OTP data I/O lines in OTP parallel programming mode. Port 1 Used for a number of alternative functions (see Table 3 for configuration details): • Provides the inputs for the external interrupts INT2/P1.0 to INT4/P1.2 and INT6/P1.4 • SCL/P1.6 and SDA/P1.7 for the I2C-bus interface are real open-drain outputs; no other port configurations are available 6.6.2 I/O port output configurations are determined on-chip according to one of the options shown in Fig.6. They cannot be changed by software. • RXD/P1.3 and TXD/P1.4 for the UART data input and output. Port 2 Is also used for external access, parallel OTP programming mode and emulation (see Table 4 for configuration details): • Provides the high-order address bus when expanding the device with external program memory • Allows control of the on-chip OTP parallel programming mode. 1998 Nov 02 PORT I/O CONFIGURATION (OPTIONS) 15 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 VDD handbook, full pagewidth weak pull-up delay >50 ns p2 strong pull-up hold pull-up p3 p1 I/O pin Q from port latch n IN1 VSS VSS input data MGR111 a. Standard/quasi-bidirectional (option 1). VDD handbook, full pagewidth VDD strong pull-up p1 I/O pin Q from port latch n VSS VSS input data MGR112 b. Push-pull (option 3). VDD external handbook, full pagewidth I/O pin Q from port latch SLEW RATE CONTROL n VSS VSS input data LOW-PASS FILTER MGR113 c. Open-drain (only SDA/P1.7, SCL/P1.6) (option 2). Fig.6 Port configuration options. 1998 Nov 02 16 external pull-up Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 6.6.3 PCA5010 PORT I/O CONFIGURATION Tables 2 to 6 show the hardwired configuration for the different I/Os of the PCA5010. Table 2 Port 0 configuration; notes 1 and 2 CONFIGURATION PULL-UP INPUT RESET DRIVE POSSIBLE APPLICATION IN A PAGER P0.0 quasi bidirectional I/O (option 1S) yes hys HIGH 0.75 mA LCD_enable (O) P0.1 quasi bidirectional I/O (option 1S) yes hys HIGH 0.75 mA SPI_enable (O) P0.2 quasi bidirectional I/O (option 1S) yes hys HIGH 0.75 mA SPI_clock (O) P0.3 quasi bidirectional I/O (option 1S) yes hys HIGH 0.75 mA SPI_data (O) P0.4 quasi bidirectional I/O (option 1S) yes hys HIGH 0.75 mA SPI_data (I) P0.5 quasi bidirectional I/O (option 1R) yes hys LOW 0.75 mA RXE (O) P0.6 quasi bidirectional I/O (option 1R) yes hys LOW 0.75 mA ROE (O) P0.7 quasi bidirectional I/O (option 1S) yes hys HIGH 0.75 mA bandwidth (O)/RSSI (I) PORT PIN Notes 1. Option 1S means port configuration option 1 with post-reset state set to HIGH; option 1R means post-reset state will be LOW. 2. ‘hys’ means input stage with hysteresis. Table 3 Port 1 configuration CONFIGURATION PULL-UP INPUT RESET DRIVE POSSIBLE APPLICATION IN A PAGER P1.0 quasi bidirectional I/O (option 1S) yes hys HIGH 0.75 mA Key P1.1 quasi bidirectional I/O (option 1S) yes hys HIGH 0.75 mA Key P1.2 quasi bidirectional I/O (option 1S) yes hys HIGH 0.75 mA Key P1.3 quasi bidirectional I/O (option 1S) yes hys HIGH 0.75 mA RXD P1.4 quasi bidirectional I/O (option 1S) yes hys HIGH 0.75 mA TXD P1.5 not available P1.6 I2C-bus open-drain I/O (option 2S) (slew rate limited) no hys HIGH 2.25 mA SCL P1.7 I2C-bus open-drain I/O (option 2S) (slew rate limited) no hys HIGH 2.25 mA SDA CONFIGURATION PULL-UP INPUT RESET DRIVE POSSIBLE APPLICATION IN A PAGER P2.0 quasi bidirectional I/O (option 1S) yes hys HIGH 0.75 mA LCD_Data P2.1 quasi bidirectional I/O (option 1S) yes hys HIGH 0.75 mA LCD_Data P2.2 quasi bidirectional I/O (option 1S) yes hys HIGH 0.75 mA LCD_Data P2.3 quasi bidirectional I/O (option 1S) yes hys HIGH 0.75 mA LCD_Data PORT PIN Table 4 Port 2 configuration PORT PIN 1998 Nov 02 17 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 CONFIGURATION PULL-UP INPUT RESET DRIVE POSSIBLE APPLICATION IN A PAGER P2.4 quasi bidirectional I/O (option 1S) yes hys HIGH 0.75 mA LCD_Data P2.5 quasi bidirectional I/O (option 1S) yes hys HIGH 0.75 mA LCD_Data P2.6 quasi bidirectional I/O (option 1S) yes hys HIGH 0.75 mA LCD_Data P2.7 quasi bidirectional I/O (option 1S) yes hys HIGH 0.75 mA LCD_Data PULL-UP INPUT RESET DRIVE POSSIBLE APPLICATION IN A PAGER PORT PIN Table 5 Port 3 configuration PORT PIN CONFIGURATION P3.0 not available P3.1 not available P3.2 push-pull output (option 3R) no hys LOW 3 mA call LED P3.3 push-pull output (option 3R) no hys LOW 3 mA vibrator P3.4 push-pull output (option 3R) no hys LOW 3 mA back light P3.5 push-pull output (option 3R) no hys LOW 3 mA LCD R/W/RXD enable P3.6 not available P3.7 not available RESET DRIVE POSSIBLE APPLICATION IN A PAGER LOW 3 mA tone generator output The port configuration is fixed and cannot be reconfigured by software or OTP code. Table 6 Other pins PORT PIN CONFIGURATION PULL-UP INPUT AT push-pull output no I(D1) digital input no hys Q(D0) digital input no hys TCLK digital input no hys RESETIN digital input no hys RESOUT push-pull output no XTL1 analog input/output (10 pF) no XTL2 analog input/output (10 pF) no AFCOUT analog output no reset input LOW 1.5 mA hys to crystal quartz ALE quasi bidirectional I/O yes hys HIGH 1.5 mA PSEN quasi bidirectional I/O yes hys HIGH 0.75 mA EA 3-state I/O with bus keeper hold buffer HIGH 0.75 mA 1998 Nov 02 reset output to crystal quartz 18 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 6.7 PCA5010 In the timer mode the timers count events on the XTL1 input. Timer 0 counts through a prescaler at a rate of 256 Hz and Timer 1 counts directly on both edges of the XTL1 signal at a rate of 153.6 kHz. The nominal frequency of the XTL1 signal is 76.8 kHz. Timer/event counters The PCA5010 contains two 16-bit timer/event counters: Timer 0 and Timer 1 which can perform the following functions: • Measure time intervals and pulse durations In the counter mode the register is incremented in response to a HIGH-to-LOW transition at P3.4 (T0) and P3.5 (T1). • Count events • Generate interrupt requests • Generate output on comparator match Besides the different input frequencies and the non-availability of Mode 3, both Timer 0 and Timer 1 behave exactly identical to the standard 80C51 Timer 0 and Timer 1. • Generate a Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) output signal. Timer 0 and Timer 1 can be programmed independently to operate in four modes: Mode 0 8-bit timer or 8-bit counter each with divide-by-32 prescaler. Mode 1 16-bit time interval or event counter. Mode 2 8-bit time interval or event counter with automatic reload upon overflow. Mode 3 this mode of the standard 80C51 is not available. handbook, full pagewidth XTL1 ÷ 300 256 Hz C/T = 0 TL0 TH0 TL1 TH1 C/T = 1 T0 TR0 Gate INT0 XTL1 153.6 kHz C/T = 0 C/T = 1 T1 MGR114 TR1 Gate INT1 Detailed configuration of the 4 available modes is found in the 80C51 family hardware description (“Philips Semiconductors IC20 Data Handbook”). Fig.7 Timer/counter 0 and 1: clock sources and control logic. 1998 Nov 02 19 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 6.8 PCA5010 I2C-bus serial I/O DIFFERENCES TO A STANDARD I2C-BUS INTERFACE 6.8.1 The serial port supports the 2-line I2C-bus which consists of a data line (SDA) and a clock line (SCL). These lines also function as the I/O port lines P1.7 and P1.6 respectively. The system is unique because data transport, clock generation, address recognition and bus control arbitration are all controlled by hardware. The I2C-bus serial I/O has complete autonomy in byte handling. The implementation in the PCA5010 operates in single master mode as: The I2C-bus interface of the PCA5010 implements the standard for master receiver and transmitter as defined in e.g. P83CL781/782 with the following restrictions: • The baud rate is fixed to either 100 kHz (CR0 = 0) or 400 kHz (CR0 = 1) derived from the on-chip 6 MHz oscillator. Therefore bits CR1 and CR2 in the S1CON SFR are not available. • Only single master functions are implemented. • Master transmitter – Slave address (S1ADR) is not available • Master receiver. – Status register (S1STA) reports only status defined for the MST/TRX and MST/REC modes These functions are controlled by the S1CON register. S1STA is the status register whose contents may also be used as a vector to various service routines. S1DAT is the data shift register. The block diagram of the I2C-bus serial I/O is shown in Fig.8. – Multimaster operation is not supported. handbook, full pagewidth SHIFT REGISTER SDA INTERNAL BUS S1DAT ARBITRATION LOGIC SCL BUS CLOCK GENERATOR 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 S1CON 7 S1STA MGL449 Fig.8 Block diagram of I2C-bus serial I/O. 1998 Nov 02 20 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 6.8.2 PCA5010 The open-drain I2C-bus outputs are implemented as slew rate controlled driver stages, to minimize the negative impact of I2C-bus activity on the pager sensitivity while the pager is receiving. Typical waveforms on P1.7 (SDA) and P1.6 (SCL) are shown in Fig.10. TIMING The timing of the I2C-bus interface is based on the internal 6 MHz clock. The phases of this clock divided-by-4 are used as a reference in the 400 kHz mode and divided-by-16 in the 100 kHz mode. In the following context ‘T’ (333 ns or 1.33 µs) denotes a single phase of this clock. Because SDA and SCL are open-drain type I/Os, only the falling edge is determined by the driver characteristics. The static sink current when driving LOW and the slope of the rising edges are determined by the capacitive I2C-bus load and its resistive termination (pull-up to VDD). The transfer of a single bit lasts 9 T. SCL is HIGH for 5 T. When receiving data, the PCA5010 samples the SDA line after 3 T while SCL is HIGH. The implemented I2C-bus Interface operates according to the timing diagram in Fig.9. handbook, full pagewidth 5T SCL 3T 2T 4T 2T 2T 2T 2T 3T 5T 2T 2T 2T SDA START TX bit RX bit STOP MGR337 Fig.9 Timing of the I2C-bus interface. 1998 Nov 02 21 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller handbook, full pagewidth PCA5010 VDD voltage (SDA, SCL) VSS tf tr dl/dt sink current (SDA, SCL) Ipu ISW (1) (2) MGR338 (1) The falling slope depends on the capacitive load. Typical values at 2.2 V where CL = 50 pF are: tf = 100 ns; ISW = 2 mA; dl/dt = 250 µA/ns. (2) The rising slope is defined by external pull-up resistor and capacitive load (a typical tr is 1 µs at 50 pF/20 kΩ. Fig.10 Typical waveforms on SDA and SCL. 6.8.3 SERIAL CONTROL REGISTER (S1CON) Table 7 Serial Control Register (S1CON, SFR address D8H) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 − ENS1 STA STO SI AA − CR0 1998 Nov 02 22 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller Table 8 PCA5010 Description of the S1CON bits BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION S1CON.7 − S1CON.6 ENS1 Enable serial I/O. When ENS1 = 0, the serial I/O is disabled. SDA and SCL outputs are in the high-impedance state; P1.6 and P1.7 function as open-drain ports. When ENS1 = 1, the serial I/O is enabled. Output port latches P1.6 and P1.7 must be set to logic 1. S1CON.5 STA START flag. If STA is set while the SIO is in master mode, SIO will generate a repeated START condition. S1CON.4 STO STOP flag. With this bit set while in master mode a STOP condition is generated. When a STOP condition is detected on the I2C-bus, the SIO hardware clears the STO flag. S1CON.3 SI CR2 is not available. SIO interrupt flag. This flag is set, and an interrupt is generated, after any of the following events occur: • A START condition is generated in master mode • A data byte has been received or transmitted in master mode (even if arbitration is lost). If this flag is set, the I2C-bus is halted (by pulling down SCL). Received data is only valid until this flag is reset. S1CON.2 AA Assert Acknowledge. When this bit is set, an acknowledge (LOW level to SDA) is returned during the acknowledge clock pulse on the SCL line when: • A data byte is received while the device is programmed to be a master receiver. When this bit is reset, no acknowledge is returned. S1CON.1 − S1CON.0 CR0 CR1 is not available. Speed selection (with on-chip 6 MHz oscillator tuned to 6 MHz the nominal bus frequency is: CR0 = 0 is 83.3 kHz (6 MHz divided-by-72) CR0 = 1 is 333 kHz (6 MHz divided-by-18). DATA SHIFT REGISTER (S1DAT) 6.8.4 S1DAT contains the serial data to be transmitted or data which has just been received. Bit 7 is transmitted or received first; i.e. data shifted from left to right. Table 9 6.8.5 Data Shift Register (S1DAT, SFR address DAH) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 ADDRESS REGISTER (S1ADR) The slave address register is not available since slave mode is not supported. 1998 Nov 02 23 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 6.8.6 PCA5010 SERIAL STATUS REGISTER (S1STA) The contents of this register may be used as a vector to a service routine. This optimizes the response time of the software and consequently that of the I2C-bus. S1STA is a read-only register. The status codes for all available modes of a single master I2C-bus interface are given in Tables 12 to 14. Table 10 Serial Status Register (S1STA and SFR address D9H) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 SC4 SC3 SC2 SC1 SC0 0 0 0 Table 11 Description of the S1STA bits BIT S1STA.3 to S1STA.7 S1STA.0 to S1STA.2 SYMBOL FUNCTION SC4 to SC0 5-bit status code − these 3 bits are held LOW Table 12 MST/TRX mode S1STA VALUE DESCRIPTION 08H a START condition has been transmitted 10H a repeated START condition has been transmitted 18H SLA and W have been transmitted, ACK has been received 20H SLA and W have been transmitted, ACK received 28H DATA of S1DAT has been transmitted, ACK received 30H DATA of S1DAT has been transmitted, ACK received Table 13 MST/REC mode S1STA VALUE DESCRIPTION 40H SLA and R have been transmitted, ACK received 48H SLA and R have been transmitted, ACK received 50H DATA has been received, ACK returned 58H DATA has been received, ACK returned Table 14 Miscellaneous S1STA VALUE 78H 1998 Nov 02 DESCRIPTION no information available (reset value); the serial interrupt flag SI, is not yet set 24 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 Table 15 Symbols used in Tables 12 to 14 SYMBOL DESCRIPTION SLA 7-bit slave address R read bit W write bit ACK acknowledgement (acknowledge bit = logic 0) ACK no acknowledgement (acknowledge bit = logic 1) DATA 8-bit data byte to or from I2C-bus MST master SLV slave TRX transmitter REC receiver 6.9 The serial port can operate in 2 modes: Serial interface SIO0: UART Mode 1 10 bits are transmitted (through TXD) or received (through RXD): a START bit (0), 8 data bits (LSB first) and a stop bit (1). On receive, the stop bit goes into RB8 in special function register S0CON (see Figs 11 and 12). The UART interface of the PCA5010 implements a subset of the complete standard as defined in e.g. the P80CL580. 6.9.1 DIFFERENCES TO THE STANDARD 80C51 UART The following deviations from the standard exist: Mode 2 11 bits are transmitted (through TXD) or received (through RXD): a start bit (0), 8 data bits (LSB first), a programmable 9th data bit and a STOP bit (1). On transmit, the 9th data bit (TB8 in S0CON) can be assigned the value of 0 or 1. Or, for example, the parity bit (P, in the PSW) could be moved into TB8. On receive, the 9th data bit goes into RB8 in S0CON, while the STOP bit is ignored (see Figs 11 and 13). • If [SM1 and SM0] = 10 then Mode 1 (8-bit data transmission) is selected, with a fixed baud rate (4800/9600 bits/s) • If [SM1 and SM0] = 01 then Mode 2 (9-bit data transmission) is selected, with a fixed baud rate (4800/9600 bits/s) • Modes 0 and 3 and the variable baud rate selection using Timer 1 overflow is not available • The SM2 bit has no function In both modes the baud rate can be selected to either 4800 or 9600 depending on the SMOD bit in the PCON SFR. If SMOD = 0 the baud rate is 4800, if SMOD = 1 the baud rate is 9600 with a 76.8 kHz quartz. • The time reference for modes 1 and 2 is taken from the f OSC 76.8 kHz oscillator, instead of the original ----------12 6.9.2 In both modes, transmission is initiated by any instruction that uses S0BUF as a destination register. Reception is initiated by the incoming start bit if REN = 1. UART MODES This serial port is full duplex which means that it can transmit and receive simultaneously. It is also receive-buffered and can commence reception of a second byte before a previously received byte has been read from the register. However, if the first byte has not been read by the time the reception of the second byte is complete, the second byte will be lost. The serial port receive and transmit registers are both accessed via the special function register S0BUF. Writing to S0BUF loads the transmit register and reading S0BUF accesses a physically separate receive register. 1998 Nov 02 6.9.3 SERIAL PORT CONTROL REGISTER (S0CON) The serial port control and status register is the special function register S0CON (see Table 16). The register contains not only the mode selection bits, but also the 9th data bit for transmit and receive (TB8 and RB8), and the serial port interrupt bits (TI and RI). 25 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 Table 16 Serial Port Control Register (S0CON, SFR address 98H) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 SM0 SM1 − REN TB8 RB8 TI RI Table 17 Description of the S0CON bits BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION S0CON.7 SM0 this bit along with the SM1 bit, is used to select the serial port mode; see Table 18 S0CON.6 SM1 this bit along with the SM0 bit, is used to select the serial port mode; see Table 18 S0CON.5 − S0CON.4 REN this bit enables serial reception and is set by software to enable reception, and cleared by software to disable reception S0CON.3 TB8 this bit is the 9th data bit that will be transmitted in Mode 2; set or cleared by software as desired S0CON.2 RB8 in Mode 2, this bit is the 9th data bit received; in Mode 1 it is the stop bit that was received S0CON.1 TI The transmit interrupt flag. Set by hardware at the end of the 8th bit time in Mode 0, or at the beginning of the stop bit time in the other modes, in any serial transmission. Must be cleared by software. S0CON.0 RI The receive interrupt flag. Set by hardware at the end of the 8th bit time in Mode 0, or halfway through the stop bit time in the other modes, in any serial transmission (for exception see SM2). Must be cleared by software. SM2 is not available Table 18 Selection of the serial port modes SM0 SM1 MODE DESCRIPTION 0 1 1 8-bit UART 1 0 2 9-bit UART BAUD RATE 1⁄ f 16 osc 1⁄ f 16 osc or 1⁄8fosc or 1⁄8fosc UART DATA REGISTER (S0BUF) 6.9.4 S0BUF contains the serial data to be transmitted or data which has just been received. Bit 0 is transmitted or received first. Table 19 Data Shift Register (S0BUF, SFR address 99H) 6.9.5 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 BAUD RATES The baud rate in Modes 1 and 2 depends on the value of the SMOD bit in SFR PCON and may be calculated as: SMOD 2 Baud rate = ----------------- × f osc 16 • If SMOD = 0, (which is the value on reset), the baud rate is 1⁄16fosc • If SMOD = 1, the baud rate is 1⁄8fosc. 1998 Nov 02 26 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 handbook, full pagewidth INTERNAL BUS TB8 write to SBUF XTL1 D S Q TXD S0 BUFFER CL 2 0 SHIFT 1 ZERO DETECTOR CSMOD at PCON.7 STOP BIT START 8 TX CONTROL TX CLOCK SHIFT DATA SEND T1 serial port interrupt 8 sample HIGH-TO-LOW TRANSITION DETECTOR RX CLOCK START R1 RX CONTROL LOAD SBUF SHIFT INPUT SHIFT REGISTER (9-BITS) BIT DETECTOR SHIFT RXD LOAD SBUF S0 BUFFER READ SBUF INTERNAL BUS MGL452 Fig.11 Serial port Mode 1 and Mode 2. 1998 Nov 02 27 This text is here in white to force landscape pages to be rotated correctly when browsing through the pdf in the Acrobat reader.This text is here in _white to force landscape pages to be rotated correctly when browsing through the pdf in the Acrobat reader.This text is here inThis text is here in white to force landscape pages to be rotated correctly when browsing through the pdf in the Acrobat reader. white to force landscape pages to be ... T R A N S M I T SEND DATA SHIFT D0 TXD D2 D1 D4 D3 D5 D6 D7 STOP BIT Philips Semiconductors WRITE TO SBUF Pager baseband controller 1998 Nov 02 TX CLOCK START BIT 28 TI ÷8 RESET RX CLOCK START BIT RXD D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 STOP BIT BIT DETECTOR SAMPLE TIME SHIFT RI MGL451 Product specification Fig.12 Serial port Mode 1 timing. PCA5010 handbook, full pagewidth R E C E I V E This text is here in white to force landscape pages to be rotated correctly when browsing through the pdf in the Acrobat reader.This text is here in _white to force landscape pages to be rotated correctly when browsing through the pdf in the Acrobat reader.This text is here inThis text is here in white to force landscape pages to be rotated correctly when browsing through the pdf in the Acrobat reader. white to force landscape pages to be ... SEND T R A N S M I T DATA SHIFT D0 TXD D1 D3 D2 D4 D5 D6 D7 TB8 STOP BIT START BIT Philips Semiconductors WRITE TO SBUF Pager baseband controller 1998 Nov 02 TX CLOCK TI STOP BIT GEN ÷8 RESET R E C E I V E START BIT RXD D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 RB8 STOP BIT BIT DETECTOR SAMPLE TIME SHIFT RI MGL450 Product specification Fig.13 Serial port Mode 2 timing. PCA5010 handbook, full pagewidth 29 RX CLOCK Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 6.10 6.10.1 PCA5010 rail swing with a very high impedance. To reduce the power consumption, the input Schmitt trigger buffer is limited to approximately 100 kHz maximum frequency. The whole circuit operates directly at the battery supply. The 76.8 kHz oscillator cannot be disabled. It also continues its operation during DC/DC converter off or 80C51 stop mode. 76.8 kHz oscillator FUNCTION The oscillator produces a reference frequency of 76.8 kHz. The frequency offset is compensated by a separate digital clock correction block. The oscillator operates directly on VBAT and is always enabled. 6.10.2 The simplest application configuration is shown in Fig.14a. C1 and C2 can be added to operate a crystal at its optimal load condition. The resulting capacitance of the series connection of C1 and C2 must be smaller than 5 pF for a guaranteed start-up of the oscillator. OSCILLATOR CIRCUITRY The on-chip inverting oscillator amplifier is a single NMOS transistor supplied with a constant current. The amplitude visible at terminals XTL1 and XTL2 is therefore not a full handbook, full pagewidth 76.8 kHz 10 pF 76.8 kHz 10 pF XTL1 10 pF XTL2 76.8 kHz 10 pF XTL1 10 pF XTL2 10 pF XTL1 XTL2 76.8 kHz 76.8 kHz VP = VBAT 2 MΩ C1 (a) fmax = 100 kHz 2 MΩ C2 (b) Fig.14 Oscillator circuit. 1998 Nov 02 30 MGR115 (c) Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 6.11 6.11.1 PCA5010 Crystal offset correction can be performed with a resolution of 5 ppm. Clock correction FUNCTION This block also generates the timing reference signals for other functional blocks such as the RTC (4 Hz), watchdog (16 Hz), Timer 0 (256 Hz), wake-up counter (9600 Hz) and the demodulator/clock recovery block. The generation of these timing references is always active and cannot be disabled. The clock correction block is connected to the 76.8 kHz oscillator. It operates directly on VBAT. By means of the clock correction circuit a digital adjustment of the 76.8 kHz oscillator signal is implemented. An 18-bit interval counter inserts or deletes one pulse from the 76.8 kHz clock each time its count has expired. The interval is stored by the processor to the 18-bit interval register CIV. Addition/deletion is performed by hardware. handbook, full pagewidth VDD supply SFR to microcontroller SET ENB PLUS BYPASS CIV0 to CIV17 TEST RESET with each OFF cycle R INTERVAL LATCH (18-BIT) Q internal set flag D 1 STORE reload data Q D RESET only on RESETIN 76.8 kHz INTERVAL COUNTER (18-BIT) (RELOAD ON CARRY) & CARRY ADD/DELETE ONE PULSE ON CARRY ÷2 VBAT supply Fig.15 Block diagram of clock compensation. 1998 Nov 02 31 corrected 38.4 kHz MGR116 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 6.11.2 PCA5010 CLOCK CORRECTION CONTROL REGISTER (CCON) The CCON special function register is used to control the clock correction by software. Table 20 Clock Correction Control Register (CCON, SFR address FCH) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ENB PLUS TEST CIV17 CIV16 − BYPASS SET Table 21 Description of the CCON bits BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION CCON.7 ENB Enable clock correction. If ENB = 1 has been set, then correction is enabled and will stay enabled even when the DC/DC converter is shut down and restarted. CCON.6 PLUS ± Sign for value. If PLUS = 1 then clock pulses are inserted, or else deleted. CCON.5 TEST Test signal, must always be logic 0 in normal mode. It is used during test to bypass the first 9 FFs in the timing generator divider chain. If TEST = 1 the clock rate of the signals 9600 Hz and 256 Hz is doubled and the frequency on 16 Hz and 4 Hz is multiplied by 300. CCON.4 CIV17 bit 17 of interval value, is used as extension of CC0 and CC1 CCON.3 CIV16 CCON.2 − CCON.1 BYPASS Test signal, must always be logic 0 in normal mode. It is used during test to generate 76.8 kHz on all outputs of the timing generator (4 Hz, 16 Hz, 256 Hz and 9600 Hz). CCON.0 SET A load signal to the interval register. After a logic 0 to logic 1 transition of this bit the value of ENB, PLUS, TEST, BYPASS and CIV are copied into the local latches with the next 76.8 kHz clock pulse. A duration of one MOV instruction is long enough for the set operation to complete. The SFR values must remain stable for at least one oscillator period because the actual transfer happens synchronized with the local clock (see Figs 16 and 18). bit 16 of interval value, is used as extension of CC0 and CC1 unused. CLOCK CORRECTION INTERVAL REGISTERS (CC0 AND CC1) 6.11.3 The CC0 and CC1 special function registers (together with CCON.3 and CCON.4) are used to define the interval between subsequent clock correction actions. Table 22 Clock Correction Interval Register (CC0, SFR address FDH) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 CIV7 CIV6 CIV5 CIV4 CIV3 CIV2 CIV1 CIV0 Table 23 Clock Correction Interval Register (CC1, SFR address FEH) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 CIV15 CIV14 CIV13 CIV12 CIV11 CIV10 CIV9 CIV8 1998 Nov 02 32 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 6.11.4 PCA5010 EXAMPLE SEQUENCE TO SET ANOTHER CLOCK CORRECTION INTERVAL PLUS, ENB and CIV handbook, full pagewidth valid value in SFR must stay valid for one period of 76.8 kHz SET MGR117 Fig.16 Sequence for setting the clock compensation. MOV CC0, #(CIV7 to CIV0) 6.11.5 MOV CC1, #(CIV8 to CIV15) Figures 17 and 18 demonstrate how the clock correction works and how the access of the microcontroller is synchronized to the local operation. MOV CCON, #D4H TIMING MOV CCON, #D5H. [CIV] − 5 [CIV] − 4 [CIV] − 3 [CIV] − 2 [CIV] − 1 [CIV] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 [CIV] − 5 [CIV] − 4 [CIV] − 3 [CIV] − 2 [CIV] − 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Interval counter [CIV] handbook, full pagewidth 76.8 kHz 38.4 kHz CORR for clock recovery corrected 38.4 kHz with PLUS = 1 corrected 38.4 kHz with PLUS = 0 MGR118 After (CIV) clock ticks of 76.8 kHz or 38.4 kHz one correction is made. Fig.17 Operation of clock compensation. 1998 Nov 02 33 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 (SFR) handbook,SET full pagewidth SET flag (local) 76.8 kHz store (local) data (SFR) K data (local) K reload from local data counter I I−1 I−2 I−3 I−4 1 0 K K−1 K−2 MGR119 Fig.18 Synchronization of local counter operation and access from the microcontroller. 6.12 6.12.1 needs the 6 MHz clock. In all other cases the 6 MHz oscillator is switched of by hardware. 6 MHz oscillator FUNCTION The DC/DC converter does not need the 6 MHz clock when set in standby mode. The 6 MHz oscillator provides the clock for the DC/DC converter, the I2C-bus interface, the port I/Os and for the external memory access timing (ALE/PSEN). If the 6 MHz output is required as a frequency source for other blocks (e.g. I2C-bus) the software needs to enable it explicitly by setting ENB = 1. Besides the DC/DC converter the following functions require the operation of the 6 MHz oscillator: The 6 MHz oscillator is a 5 inverter stage current controlled ring oscillator. The oscillator is optimized for low operating current consumption. • I2C-bus block as basic time reference The actual frequency of the oscillator can be measured by activating the MFR signal. An 8-bit counter will then be reset and will start counting at the first rising edge of the 76.8 kHz signal and stop counting at the next rising edge of the 76.8 kHz signal. The processor then can read the contents of the MFR counter. • Port output logic. Software commands that write to the ports need this clock to complete the operation (if a program ‘hangs’, this could be the problem). • Code fetching from external memories needs the clock for the ALE/PSEN timing (e.g. LJMP 5000H needs this clock for completion). The processor can adjust the oscillator frequency using the F0 to F4 signals (control of source current for ring oscillator). When the ENB bit has been set by software, the clock will be available internally after the start-up time of this oscillator. The start-up time is 2 to 3 periods of the 76.8 kHz reference frequency. The 6 MHz oscillator is enabled by hardware only during the start-up phase and whenever the DC/DC converter 1998 Nov 02 34 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 6.12.2 PCA5010 6 MHZ OSCILLATOR CONTROL REGISTER (OS6CON) The OS6CON special function register is used to control the operation of the on-chip 6 MHz oscillator. The 6 MHz oscillator can be controlled as follows: • It can be enabled or disabled. Disabling this oscillator when the DC/DC converter is in standby mode and no port I/O nor I2C-bus activity is required saves current. • The frequency of the oscillator can be adjusted by setting the SFx bits accordingly • The actual frequency of this oscillator can be measured by writing the MFR bit to logic 1. Table 24 6 MHz Oscillator Control Register (OS6CON, SFR address D3H) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ENB − SF4 SF3 SF2 SF1 SF0 MFR Table 25 Description of the OS6CON bits BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION OS6CON.7 ENB Enable oscillator. If ENB = 1 then the function is enabled. The enable bit is only cleared when the processor writes the bit to logic 0, or if the DC/DC converter is put into ‘OFF’ state and a reset is generated during the following power-up sequence. OS6CON.6 − OS6CON.5 SF4 OS6CON.4 SF3 OS6CON.3 SF2 OS6CON.2 SF1 OS6CON.1 SF0 OS6CON.0 MFR 6.12.3 unused Set frequency. This 5-bit value adjusts the current of the ring oscillator and thus the frequency. Writing a small value decreases the frequency. The nominal frequency of 6 MHz is assigned to code (SF4, SF3, SF2, SF1, SF0) = 00000. The resolution of the frequency adjustment is 200 kHz per step, the range is approximately 3 to 9 MHz. In order to start with the nominal frequency the MSB is inverted in this SFR. Measure frequency. If a positive pulse is issued on this SFR-bit a frequency measurement cycle is executed. The duration of this cycle is one period of 76.8 kHz. The count of 6 MHz periods during the measurement cycle is reported back in OS6M0. The bit must be reset by software. 6 MHZ OSCILLATOR MEASURED FREQUENCY REGISTER (OS6M0) The actual frequency of the 6 MHz on-chip oscillator can be calculated from the value in the OS6M0 special function register, after a Measure Frequency operation (MFR). Table 26 6 MHz Oscillator Measured Frequency Register (OS6M0, SFR address D4H) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 MF7 MF6 MF5 MF4 MF3 MF2 MF1 MF0 The value stored in this SFR is the counted number of 6 MHz cycles during one 76.8 kHz period. The frequency of the 6 MHz oscillator is therefore f = MF × 76800 Hz with a resolution of 76800 Hz. 1998 Nov 02 35 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 6.12.4 PCA5010 ENABLING OF THE 6 MHZ OSCILLATOR handbook, full pagewidth S0CON, S0BUF I2C-BUS SERIAL INTERFACE PORT I/O EXTERNAL ACCESS PX & MICROCONTROLLER OS6CON, ENB 6 MHz OSCILLATOR ≥1 ENB F6M ENB DC/DC CONVERTER MGR120 Fig.19 Relationship between 6 MHz oscillator, DC/DC converter and microcontroller. 6.13 6.13.1 The microcontroller ‘sees’ the minute interrupt as if it was an X9 interrupt. It can be enabled and disabled and must be cleared as an X9 interrupt (CLR IQ9). Real-time clock FUNCTION The real-time clock consists of an 8-bit counter that is active at all times. To save power it is operated directly on VBAT. It counts up on every 4 Hz clock pulse (corrected clock). If the DC/DC converter is not active when this happens, the DC/DC converter is started first and a power-up/restart sequence of the microcontroller follows. The MIN bit remains set during this procedure. The RTC can be read from and written to by the processor. When it reaches 239, the signal MINUTE is activated. This signal resets the counter to 0 (at the next clock pulse), and generates an MIN-interrupt for the processor. 1998 Nov 02 6.13.2 REAL-TIME CLOCK CONTROL REGISTER (RTCON) The RTCCON special function register is used to control the operation of the on-chip real-time clock function. 36 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 Table 27 RTC Control Register (RTCCON, SFR address CDH) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 MIN − − − − W/R LOAD SET Table 28 Description of the RTCON bits BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION RTCON.7 MIN MIN is activated when the counter reaches 239. MIN is used to generate the interrupt request signal MINUTE. In order to complete the interrupt cycle and reset the interrupt source, the processor has to clear MIN. This must be done in a 2 step operation writing MIN and then applying a positive edge to SET. RTCON.6 − unused RTCON.5 − unused RTCON.4 − unused RTCON.3 − unused RTCON.2 W/R Before the RTC time can be set by software, the updating of the SFR by the RTC must be disabled. This is done by writing the W/R bit to logic 1. The W/R bit is cleared by hardware after the next 4 Hz clock, when the RTC has been loaded with its next value. RTCON.1 LOAD Load RTC with contents of RTC0. LOAD is sampled with the positive edge of the set flag SET. If LOAD is not HIGH during a SET operation, only the MIN flag is (re)set by the command. RTCON.0 SET Latch signal for the real-time clock. With the pulse on SET the content of MIN is copied into the ‘real’ MIN latch. This is necessary because the RTC has to be active at all times independant of the microcontroller. REAL-TIME CLOCK DATA REGISTER (RTC0) 6.13.3 Table 29 RTC Data Register (RTC0, SFR address CEH) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 QSECS7 QSECS6 QSECS5 QSECS4 QSECS3 QSECS2 QSECS1 QSECS0 The value stored in this SFR is the actual 4 Hz count since the last MINUTE interrupt. The contents of this counter can be read from and written to by software. The contents of this counter are only initialized when RESETIN is activated. During an OFF sequence, the RTC continues its operation. The value of the RTC data register is only updated while the STB flag in the DCCON0 SFR is HIGH, i.e. the DC/DC converter is able to sustain the VDD supply voltage. If the STB flag is logic 0 the real-time clock continues its operation, the MINUTE interrupt occurs regularly, but the SFR is not updated. 1998 Nov 02 37 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 6.13.4 PCA5010 Sequence to clear an interrupt of the RTC: EXAMPLE SEQUENCE FOR PROGRAMMING THE RTC: CLR IQ9; Interrupt request flag is IQ9 Sequence to set another value into the RTC: MOV RTCON, #06H; set LOAD, W/R bits MOV RTCON, #00H; clear also MIN flag in the SFR MOV RTC0, #(new value); load new RTC value into SFR MOV RTCON, #01H; now set the data valid flag (SET) in the SFR. MOV RTCON, #07H; now set the data valid flag (SET) in the SFR. 6.13.5 TIMING The interface between 2 and 1 V regions is implemented similar to the clock correction block. The sequence for writing values is identical (see Fig.15). handbook, full pagewidth 4 Hz update by hardware i data (RTC0) i+1 MOV RTC0 #m update by hardware data must be valid until here m+1 m cleared by hardware W/R (RTCON) MOV RTCON #... LOAD (RTCON) SET (RTCON) internal SET flag internal store internal write RTC value i i+1 m m+1 MGR121 Fig.20 Operation of RTC to microcontroller interface. 1998 Nov 02 38 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 6.14 6.14.1 PCA5010 The counter is implemented as a 16-bit ripple down counter. It can be loaded from the wake-up reload latch by a signal from the processor. When the counter is loaded it automatically starts if the RUN signal is active. When the counter reaches zero the wake-up signal becomes active and may generate an interrupt. The wake-up signal automatically reloads the counter (modulo N counter). The counter is stopped when the RUN signal is written to logic 0. Auto reloading of the counter is also possible, when the DC/DC converter is not operating (i.e. VDD is below 1.8 V). Wake-up counter FUNCTION The wake-up counter is intended to be used as protocol timer. It can be programmed to wake-up the processor when the protocol needs an action. Amongst others this may be: • Switching on the DC/DC converter at time 0 • Enabling the receiver at time 1 • Enabling the demodulator and clock recovery function at time 2 before relevant data is expected. The contents of the wake-up counter cannot be read by the processor. Reading WUC0 and WUC1 reflects the contents of the 16-bit wake-up register (set by the microcontroller). The time to wake-up is defined as a 16-bit value containing the number of 9600 Hz ticks. The maximum time interval that can be spawn with one cycle then equals 6.8 s. The wake-up counter and it’s reload latch are supplied by VBAT and work independent of the 2 V supply. A reset to the microcontroller does not clear the wake-up counter control flags or the reload latch, but clears the reload register (see Fig.21). The interface between 2 and 1 V regions is implemented similar to the clock correction block. The sequence for writing values is identical (see Fig.16). handbook, full pagewidth ≥1 Interrupt SFR to microcontroller VDD supply CPL SET RUN LOAD WUP TEST Z1 RESET with each OFF cycle WU0 to WU15 Z0 wake-up DC/DC converter R WU RELOAD LATCH (16-BIT) Q internal SET FLAG D 1 D STORE RESET only on RESETIN reload data Q ≥1 reload 9600 Hz WU COUNTER (16-BIT) & CARRY VBAT supply Fig.21 Block diagram of wake-up counter. 1998 Nov 02 39 MGR122 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 6.14.2 PCA5010 WAKE-UP COUNTER CONTROL REGISTER (WUCON) The WUCON special function register is used to control the operation of the wake-up counter by software. Table 30 Wake-up Counter Control Register (WUCON, SFR address 94H) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 RUN WUP TEST CPL Z1 Z0 LOAD SET Table 31 Description of the WUCON bits BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION WUCON.7 RUN Control signal from the processor. WUCON.6 WUP Latched wake-up signal. The bit is set by hardware (or software) and generates a wake-up interrupt if enabled and the DC/DC converter STB-bit is set. The bit needs to be cleared by software (SFR and 1 V bits). A SET sequence is required to clear the flag on the 1 V side. Attention: reading the bit reads the contents of the ‘real’ wake-up flag on the 1 V side (read/modify/write commands will fail on this bit). WUCON.5 TEST Test control signal. (uses 76.8 kHz as clock input for high and low counter). WUCON.4 CPL WUCON.3 Z1 WUCON.2 Z0 WUCON.1 LOAD WUCON.0 SET 6.14.3 Set operation completed. Bit set by hardware when the last operation is completed and the SFRs are again ready to accept new settings. The bit generates a wake-up interrupt if enabled. The bit needs to be cleared by software. 2 bits that are only reset by a primary RESETIN. The bits can be written to and read from by the software. The bits are not cleared when the DC/DC converter is switched off. Same procedure for setting the bits as WU0 to WU15 (reading these bits returns the ‘real’ flags on the 1 V side; read/modify/write commands will fail on this bit). Load wake-up counter with contents of reload latch (see Fig.21). Is sampled on the positive edge of SET. Clock signal for writing to RUN or wake-up SFR (on 1 V level). WAKE-UP DATA REGISTERS (WUC0 AND WUC1) The WUC0 and WUC1 special function registers are used to define the interval to the next wake-up interrupt. Table 32 Low Wake-Up Register (WUC0, SFR address 95H) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 WU7 WU6 WU5 WU4 WU3 WU2 WU1 WU0 Table 33 High Wake-Up Register (WUC1, SFR address 96H) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 WU15 WU14 WU13 WU12 WU11 WU10 WU9 WU8 1998 Nov 02 40 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 WU0 to WU15 is a 16-bit register that is loaded by the processor. The contents of this register will be loaded into a 16-bit reload latch with a positive pulse on SET and into the 16-bit ripple down counter with a positive pulse on LOAD. wake-up flag is set when expired (and can still be checked by software), but an interrupt is not generated. The value stored in the wake-up counter cannot be read by software. The contents of this counter are only initialized when RESETIN is activated. During an off sequence the wake-up counter continues its operation. Sequence to set another reload value: 6.14.4 MOV WUC1, #(high VALUE) MOV WUC0, #(low VALUE) MOV WUCON, #82H; set RUN and LOAD bit The wake-up-interrupt can only occur while the STB flag in the DCCON0 SFR is HIGH, i.e. the DC/DC converter is able to sustain the VDD supply voltage. If the STB flag is logic 0 the wake-up counter continues its operation, the 6.14.5 EXAMPLE SEQUENCE FOR CONTROLLING THE WAKE-UP COUNTER MOV WUCON, #83H; activate SET flag MOV PCON, #01H; >>> IDLE, WAIT FOR CPL INTERRUPT. TIMING handbook, full pagewidth 9600 Hz transfer to 1 V registers completed, data may change again m data in SFR LOAD SET bit in SFR internal SET flag internal STORE internal data counter value m i i−1 m CPL bit in WUCON (generates interrupt if enabled) set by hardware cleared by software MGR123 Fig.22 Operation of wake-up counter to microcontroller interface. 1998 Nov 02 m−1 41 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 handbook, full pagewidth 9600 Hz only WUCON data to be transferred, no reload for WUC0, WUC1 LOAD SET bit in SFR SET to transfer modified WUP to 1 V side internal SET flag counter value 0 WUP remains HIGH if not cleared set by hardware WUP flag on 1 V side generates DC/DC wake-up if required m−1 m SFR and 1 V WUP are different WUP in WUCON SFR (generates interrupt if enabled) set by hardware cleared by software set by hardware CPL in WUCON SFR (generates interrupt if enabled) cleared by software MGR124 Fig.23 Wake-up interrupt sequence. 6.15 6.15.1 Tone generator FUNCTION The tone generator is implemented by a programmable divider from 76.8 kHz. An 8-bit value is used to define the cycle of a modulo N counter. The output of the modulo N counter is divided-by-2 to produce a symmetrical output signal. The counter is running when enabled. 76.8 kHz The output frequency at the pin AT is defined as: f AT = ----------------------- if TFREQ ≥ 1. If TFREQ = 0 then fAT = 76.8 kHz. TFREQ A secondary clock signal can be used as clock input to the modulo N counter. This input is required to generate the accurate resonance frequency of certain acoustic alerters (e.g. 512, 687, 1024, 1365, 2048, 2730 or 4096). The tone volume can be controlled by setting the frequency on or off alerter resonance. 6.15.2 INTERFACES SFR ADDR. BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 TGCON (92H) ENB CLK2 − − − − − − TFREQ7 TFREQ6 TFREQ5 TFREQ4 TFREQ3 TFREQ2 TFREQ1 TFREQ0 TG0 (93H) 1998 Nov 02 42 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 SFR: 6.16 • TFREQ0 to TFREQ7: 8-bit register containing the divisor of the tone. Loaded by the processor. 6.16.1 FUNCTION The watchdog timer consists of an 8-bit down counter. The binary number defined with WD3 to WD0 defines the expiration time of the watchdog timer between 1 to 16 s. Once enabled this counter is running continuously. Once expired the timer produces firstly an interrupt and finally a reset. The software must reload the watchdog in regular intervals to avoid expiration. • ENB: enable frequency generator. Control signal from processor. • CLK2: use secondary clock input for tone generation. If set a 32768 Hz clock signal is generated from the primary 76800 Hz clock signal and used as a timing reference for the tone generator. A positive edge on the LD SFR bit (re)loads the counter with the value of WD3 to WD0, sets the LOW bits to logic 1 and activates this counter if it is not yet running. However, to prepare the (re)loading a positive edge must be applied to the COND bit in WDCON. In this way at least two locations in software must be passed before the counter can be reloaded. After reset the counter is not running. Only after the first LD it is clocked continuously by a clock pulse of 16 Hz until the DC/DC converter is switched off or an external reset is applied. Inputs: • 76.8 kHz: Input to the tone counter. Outputs: • AT Output for alerter. Is logic 0 when disabled: 76.8 kHz f AT = ----------------------TFREQ 6.15.3 Watchdog timer GENERATION OF THE 32768 HZ REFERENCE The 32768 Hz reference is generated from 76800 Hz according to the following algorithm: forever do begin for 10 times do { from 7 clocks on 76.8 kHz generate 3 pulses on 32 kHz } from 5 clocks on 76.8 kHz generate 2 pulses on 32 kHz end If the next LD signal is not given within the defined expiry interval an overflow occurs and the processor will be reset (signal WDR). 1 clock cycle before the reset is applied an WDI interrupt is issued. This gives the opportunity to avoid the reset if required. The maximum watchdog expiry time is thus 254 × 16 Hz ticks to the WD interrupt and 255 × 16 Hz ticks to the reset. If the DC/DC converter is in the off mode, the watchdog timer is suspended. WATCH DOG TIMER CONTROL REGISTER (WDCON) 6.16.2 The WDCON special function register is used to control the operation of the on-chip watchdog timer. Table 34 Watchdog Control Register (WDCON, SFR address A5H) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 COND WD3 WD2 WD1 WD0 − − LD Table 35 Description of the WDCON bits BIT SYMBOL WDCON.7 COND WDCON.6 WD3 WDCON.5 WD2 WDCON.4 WD1 WDCON.3 WD0 1998 Nov 02 FUNCTION Load condition. Control signal from processor. WD0 to WD3 is the preset value for the high nibble of the watchdog timer. The value is the number of seconds to expiry of the watchdog. 43 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION − unused WDCON.1 − unused WDCON.0 LD WDCON.2 6.16.3 PCA5010 Load watchdog timer with WD0 to WD3. Control signal from processor. Both the filter and direct modes are intended for application with an external demodulator. In this case NRZ data is fed to the I and Q pins. In the 4-FSK case, the MSB is at pin I and the LSB is at pin Q. In the 2-FSK situation, only the I pin is used while pin Q must be connected to VSS. In these two modes, the offset calculation and compensation cannot be performed. SAMPLE SEQUENCE TO RELOAD THE WATCHDOG The sequence to reload the watchdog with 1 s is: MOV WDCON, #80H; prepare condition MOV WDCON, #01H; reload the timer. 6.17 2 or 4-FSK demodulator, filter and clock recovery circuit 6.17.1 In the filter mode (M = 1 and BF = 0), the data is filtered and then sent to the clock recovery. The filter characteristics of the implemented filter are shown in Fig.26. FUNCTION The aim of the blocks demodulator and clock recovery circuitry is to take the signal from the receiver, to format it into symbols and to transfer it to the processor. The two blocks use the 76.8 kHz clock. In the direct mode (M = 1 and BF = 1), no function of the demodulator is performed. Consequently there is no filtering on the data which is sent directly to the clock recovery. The demodulator decodes the incoming signal and generates a sequence of NRZ data. This data is fed to the clock recovery block which regenerates the synchronization clock. This clock is used to sample and to shift the symbols into the register DMD3. Each block is enabled separately. To save power, the functions should be disabled whenever not needed. 6.17.1.1 Table 36 Modulation coding Demodulator and filter The demodulator can operate both with 2-level or 4-level FSK input signals (selectable by means of bit LEV). For both types of input signals the so called demodulator, filter and direct modes are allowed. The operation mode is selected on the basis of M bit and BF bit. 2-FSK 4-FSK FREQUENCY (Hz) D1 D0 D1 D0 +4800 1 X 1 0 +1600 1 X 1 1 −1600 0 X 0 1 −4800 0 X 0 0 Table 37 Offset coding (2s complement) OFFSET (Hz) In the demodulator mode (M = 0 and BF = X) the I and Q signals are decoded according to Table 36. CODE (AVG6 TO AVG0) −9450 0111111 −9300 0111110 ... ... −300 0000010 −150 0000001 0 0000000 The offset coding is given in Table 37. 150 1111111 The performance of the demodulator for the different baud rates in 2L mode is shown in Fig.24 and for 4L mode in Fig.25. The graphs show the Bit Error Rate (BER) as a function of Eb/No (ratio of signal energy per bit to average noise power per unit bandwidth). 300 1111110 ... ... 9300 1000001 9450 1000000 Operating in this mode, an offset compensation can be performed and the calculated offset value is stored into register DMD1, in the field AVG. The offset value can be used by the processor to adjust the analog AFC output voltage. 1998 Nov 02 44 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller handbook, full pagewidth PCA5010 MGR339 102 BER (%) 10 (1) (5) 1 (2) (4) 10−1 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 2 level 1200. 2 level 1600. 2 level 3125. 2 level 2400. 2 level 3200. (3) 10−2 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 Eb/No 17 Fig.24 Demodulator performance in 2L mode. handbook, full pagewidth MGR340 102 BER (%) 10 (1) (5) 1 (3) 10−1 (2) (4) (1) 4 level 1200. (2) 4 level 1600. 10−2 3 5 7 9 11 13 (3) 4 level 3125. (4) 4 level 2400. (5) 4 level 3200. Fig.25 Demodulator performance in 4L mode. 1998 Nov 02 45 15 Eb/No 17 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 MGR341 handbook, full pagewidth 10 amplitude (dB) 0 1600 1200 2400 3125 3200 −10 −20 −30 −40 102 103 104 f (Hz) Fig.26 Filter characteristics in direct filter mode. 6.17.1.2 and two bits in 4-FSK. The symbol period is determined by bits BD2 to BD0. On the basis of BD bits the demodulator filter length is also set. Clock recovery The clock recovery regenerates the synchronization clock using the edges of the incoming NRZ data. When the NRZ data have no edges for a long time, the synchronization is maintained by means of the correction information from the clock correction block. In the clock recovery, a pulse (SYMCLK) is generated each n-bits, where n is defined by means of bits B2 to B0. This pulse is used to update the register DMD3. Moreover, it can be used as interrupt to the processor through the IRQ1.3 (symbol interrupt). While the clock recovery is disabled, the momentary phase of the recovered clock is frozen. If the clock recovery is enabled at the same relative position within one bit, where it was disabled, then the recovered clock phase will be correct immediately. The interrupt informs the controller that n bits are available in the register DMD3. The worst case time required to synchronize to incoming data, when completely out of phase, is plotted for the different baud rates in the following figure (see Fig.27). The recovered clock is used to sample and shift to left into an internal register one bit each symbol period in 2-FSK 1998 Nov 02 46 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller handbook, full pagewidth PCA5010 MGR342 180 160 phase error 140 120 100 80 (5) (2) (4) (1) 60 (3) 40 20 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 2 level 1200. 2 level 1600. 2 level 3125. 2 level 2400. 2 level 3200. 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 number of symbols (time = nr. symbol/baud) Fig.27 Transient phase error due to an input signal phase step of 180 degrees for the different baud rates. 6.17.1.3 Baud rate selection No bits are lost when switching between single and double baud rates as e.g. required for high speed protocol synchronization. Figure 27 shows how the PCA5010 reacts in this situation. 1600 bits/s handbook, full pagewidth demodulated filtered data 2T 3200 bits/s [T = 1/3200 (s)] T 1600 bits/s 2T recovered symbol clock (symbol interrupt) MGR343 <1.5T − ∆ <1T − ∆ (∆ = 1/76800 s) interval allowed for the software to change the baud rate Fig.28 Switching between single and double baud rates (e.g. advanced high speed paging protocol synchronization). 1998 Nov 02 47 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 6.17.2 PCA5010 DEMODULATOR CONTROL REGISTER (DMD0) The demodulator control register DMD0 contains the control bits for enabling the demodulator function and setting its mode and data rate. Table 38 Demodulator Control Register (DMD0, SFR address ECH) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ENB M − RES LEV BD2 BD1 BD0 Table 39 Description of the DMD0 bits BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION DMD0.7 ENB enable demodulator function DMD0.6 M mode selection: logic 0 = I/Q from zero-IF receiver, logic 1 = NRZ data DMD0.5 − not used DMD0.4 RES reserved for future implementation DMD0.3 LEV if set to logic 0 2-FSK demodulation, if set to logic 1 4-FSK demodulation DMD0.2 BD2 baud rate setting; see Table 40 DMD0.1 BD1 DMD0.0 BD0 Table 40 Baud rate for bits BD2, BD1 and BD0 BITS BAUD RATE 6.17.3 BD2 BD1 BD0 0 0 0 1200 symbols/s 0 0 1 2400 symbols/s 0 1 0 1600 symbols/s 0 1 1 3200 symbols/s 1 0 0 undefined 1 0 1 undefined 1 1 0 undefined 1 1 1 3125 symbols/s DEMODULATOR AVERAGING REGISTER (DMD1) The demodulator averaging register DMD1 contains the control bit for enabling the averaging function, used for the offset compensation during demodulation and the coded average (offset) value. Table 41 Demodulator averaging Register (DMD1, SFR address EDH) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ENA AVG6 AVG5 AVG4 AVG3 AVG2 AVG1 AVG0 1998 Nov 02 48 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 Table 42 Description of the DMD1 bits BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION DMD1.7 ENA enable averaging function/offset calculation DMD1.6 AVG6 DMD1.5 AVG5 DMD1.4 AVG4 7-bit value indicating the offset value of the demodulator. This is an indication of the LO offset frequency and will be used to determine the AFC output voltage. For coding see Table 37. DMD1.3 AVG3 DMD1.2 AVG2 DMD1.1 AVG1 DMD1.0 AVG0 6.17.4 CLOCK RECOVERY CONTROL REGISTER (DMD2) The clock recovery control register DMD2 contains the control bits for enabling the clock recovery function and setting its mode. Whenever the clock recovery function is enabled (DMD2.7 = 1) the positive edge of the synchronized SYMCLK signal will force a SymClk interrupt through the IRQ1.3 request flag after [B2, B1 and B0] received bits (see Table 50). Table 43 Clock Recovery Control Register (DMD2, SFR address EEH) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ENC − BF − TEST B2 B1 B0 Table 44 Description of the DMD2 bits BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION DMD2.7 ENC DMD2.6 − DMD2.5 BF DMD2.4 − DMD2.3 TEST reserved, should always be logic 0 DMD2.2 B2 select number of bits per interrupt: DMD2.1 B1 If LEV = 0 then 000 = 1-bit, 001 = 2-bit to 111 = 8-bit DMD2.0 B0 If LEV = 1 then 00X = 2-bit, 01X = 4-bit, 10X = 6-bit, 11X = 8-bit 6.17.5 enable clock recovery function not used bypass demodulator filter not used DEMODULATOR DATA REGISTER (DMD3) The demodulator data register DMD3 contains the (demodulated) recovered received symbols. Table 45 Demodulator Data Register (DMD3, SFR address EFH) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 1998 Nov 02 49 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 is at logic 1 a linear binary conversion is performed according to Table 47. Table 46 Description of DMD3 bits BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION DMD3.7 D7 DMD3.6 D6 DMD3.5 D5 Recovered symbols. The number of relevant bits is set with DMD2[2 to 0]. DMD3.4 D4 DMD3.3 D3 DMD3.2 D2 DMD3.1 D1 DMD3.0 D0 6.18 Below 0.2 V the linearity of the output voltage is not ideal. When ENB is logic 0 the AFCOUT pin is tied to VSS and all currents are switched off. Table 47 Coding of AFC-DAC CODE 000000 0 1× 000001 AFC-DAC 6.18.1 OUTPUT VOLTAGE 1⁄ ... N N × 1⁄64VDD ... FUNCTION ... 63 × 111111 The AFC digital-to-analog converter provides an analog signal to the receiver to reduce its frequency offset. The analog signal is available at pin 18 (AFCOUT). 6.18.2 64VDD ... 1⁄ V 64 DD AFC-DAC CONTROL/DATA REGISTER (AFCON) The AFC-DAC Control/Data register AFCON contains the control bit for enabling the AFC-DAC and the data bits for setting the output voltage. For low noise sensitivity the DAC output is buffered and can drive a load impedance of 10 kΩ (max.). The output swing is from rail-to-rail VDD. When the enable signal ENB Table 48 AFC-DAC Control/Data Register (AFCON, SFR address 9EH) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ENB − AFC5 AFC4 AFC3 AFC2 AFC1 AFC0 Table 49 Description of the AFCON bits BIT AFCON.7 SYMBOL ENB AFCON.6 − AFCON.5 AFC5 AFCON.4 AFC4 AFCON.3 AFC3 AFCON.2 AFC2 AFCON.1 AFC1 AFCON.0 AFC0 1998 Nov 02 FUNCTION Enable DAC output. Not used. 6-bit value for DAC output according to Table 47. 50 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 6.19 PCA5010 The priority level is selected via the Interrupt Priority Registers (IP0 and IP1). All enabled sources can be globally disabled or enabled. Interrupt system External events and the real-time-driven on-chip peripherals require service by the CPU asynchronously to the execution of any particular section of code. To tie the asynchronous activities of these functions to normal program execution a multiple-source, two-priority-level, nested interrupt system is provided. The interrupt system is shown in Fig.34. The PCA5010 acknowledges interrupt requests from fifteen sources as follows: 6.19.1 OVERVIEW The interrupt controller implemented in the PCA5010 has 15 interrupt sources, of which some are level sensitive and some are edge sensitive. The interrupt controller samples all active sources during one instruction cycle. Evaluation of the interrupts is then performed. A priority decoder decides which interrupt is serviced. Each interrupt has its own vector pointing to an 8 bytes long program segment. A low priority interrupt can be interrupted by a high priority interrupt, but not by another low priority interrupt i.e. only two interrupt levels are possible. Between the RETI instruction (Return from Interrupt) and the LCALL to a next interrupt vector at least one instruction of the lower program level is executed (see Fig.29). • INT0 to INT4 and INT6 • Timer 0 and Timer 1 • Wake-up counter • I2C-bus serial I/O • UART transmitter and receiver • Demodulator • DC/DC converter • Watchdog timer An interrupt is performed with a long subroutine call (LCALL) to vector address, which is determined by the respective interrupt. During LCALL the PC is pushed onto the stack. Returning from interrupt with RETI, the PC is popped from the stack. • Real-time clock (MINUTE). Each interrupt vectors to a separate location in program memory for its service routine. Each source can be individually enabled or disabled by its corresponding bit in the Interrupt Enable Registers (IEN0 and IEN1). Level 20 Level 21 handbook, full pagewidth RETI RETI Interrupt level 2x IP = 1 RETI Interrupt level 1 IP = 0 IP = 1 Program level 0 one instruction MGR125 Fig.29 Interrupt hierarchy. 1998 Nov 02 51 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 6.19.2 PCA5010 Level 1: In the event of a high priority interrupt, the new level will be Level 21. A low priority interrupt is not performed, the level is unchanged. On RETI the new level will be Level 0. INTERRUPT PROCESS Sample the interrupt lines: The interrupt lines are latched at the beginning of each instruction cycle. Analyse the requests: The sampled interrupt lines will be analysed with respect to the relevant Interrupt Enable register (IEx) and Interrupt Priority register (IPx). The process will deliver the vector of the highest interrupt request and the priority information. Depending on the interrupt level and the priority of the interrupt in progress, an interrupt request to the core is performed. The vector address will be passed to the core process. Level 20: On RETI, the new level is Level 0. Level 21: On RETI, the new level is Level 1. Level 1: On RETI, the new level is Level 0. Level 0: The new level is Level 0. Clearing the flags: During the forced LCALL the interrupt flag of the relevant interrupt is cleared by hardware, if applicable, otherwise by software. Interrupt request to core: Emulation: During emulation the interrupts may be disabled. This is performed during break mode. With INTD asserted, all the interrupts are disabled. Level 0: The interrupt request to the core is performed, when at least one instruction is performed since the RETI from Level 1. Idle and power-down: When Idle (PCON.0) or power-down (PCON.1) is set, the interrupt controller waits for the according WUI signal. Because the interrupt controller is waiting for WUI, all activity in the circuit will be stopped, thus no handshake can be completed. The WUI signal for Idle is the OR of all the interrupt request bits and the reset. For power-down the WUI signal is built only with the Port 1 interrupt request flags and the reset. Level 1: The interrupt request is performed, when at least one instruction is performed since the RETI from Level 21 and the request has high priority. Level 20: No request is performed. Level 21: No request is performed. Emulation: In break mode no interrupt request is performed. Update the interrupt level: 6.19.3 Level 0: In the event of a high priority interrupt the new level will be Level 20. If it is a low priority interrupt, the new level will be Level 1. 1998 Nov 02 INTERRUPT CONTROLLER RELATED SFRS The implementation of the interrupt controller related SFRs for enabling and disabling interrupts is identical to a standard 80C51, but the interrupt sources have been changed according to Table 50. 52 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 Table 50 Interrupt controller related SFRs: IEN0 (A8H), IEN1 (E8H), IP0 (B8H), IP1 (F8H), IRQ1 (C0H), TCON (88H), WUCON (94H) and RTCON (CDH) BITS CONV. NAME SOURCE NOTES IEN0 address A8H: interrupt enable for X0, X1, T0, T1, T2, S0, S1 and global interrupt enable 0 EX0 P3.2 1 ET0 TIMER0 2 EX1 P3.3 3 ET1 TIMER1 4 ES0 UART 5 ES1 I2C 6 ET2 7 EA Enables or disables EXTERNAL0 interrupt. If EX0 = 0, the external interrupt 0 is disabled. Enables or disables the TIMER 0 overflow interrupt. If ET0 = 0, the Timer 0 interrupt is disabled. Enables or disables the EXTERNAL1 interrupt. If EX1 = 0, external interrupt 1 is disabled. Enables or disables TIMER 1 overflow interrupt. If ET1 = 0, the Timer 1 interrupt is disabled. Enables or disables the UART interrupt. If ES0 = 0, the UART interrupt is disabled. Enables or disables the I2C-bus interrupt. If ES1 = 0, the I2C-bus interrupt is disabled. WAKE-UP Enables or disables the WAKE-UP interrupt. If ET2 = 0, the WAKE-UP interrupt is disabled. / Disables all interrupts. If EA = 0, no interrupt will be acknowledged. If EA = 1, each interrupt source is individually enabled or disabled by setting or clearing its enable bit. IEN1 address E8H: interrupt enable for X2 to X9 0 EX2 P1.0 Enables or disables interrupts on P1.0. If EX2 = 0, the corresponding interrupt is disabled. 1 EX3 P1.1 Enables or disables interrupts on P1.1. If EX3 = 0, the corresponding interrupt is disabled. 2 EX4 P1.2 Enables or disables interrupts on P1.2. If EX4 = 0, the corresponding interrupt is disabled. 3 EX5 SYMBOL Enables or disables the SYMBOL interrupt. If EX5 = 0, the SYMBOL interrupt is disabled. 4 EX6 P1.4 Enables or disables interrupts on P1.4. If EX6 = 0, the corresponding interrupt is disabled. 5 EX7 DC/DC 6 EX8 WDI Enables or disables interrupts on the watchdog. If EX8 = 0, the WDINT interrupt is disabled. 7 EX9 MIN Enables or disables real-time clock interrupt. If EX9 = 0, the MINUTE interrupt is disabled. Enables or disables the DC/DC converter interrupt. If EX7 = 0, the DC/DC converter interrupt is disabled. IP0 address B8H: interrupt priority for X0, X1, T0, T1, S0 and S1 0 PX0 P3.2 Defines the EXTERNAL0 interrupt 0 priority level. PX0 = 1 programs it to the higher priority level. 1 PT0 TIMER0 Enables or disables the TIMER 0 interrupt priority level. PT0 = 1 programs it to the higher priority level. 2 PX1 P3.3 Defines the EXTERNAL1 interrupt priority level. PX1 = 1 programs it to the higher priority level. 3 PT1 TIMER1 1998 Nov 02 Defines the TIMER 1 interrupt priority level. PT1 = 1 programs it to the higher priority level. 53 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 BITS CONV. NAME SOURCE NOTES 4 PS0 UART Defines the UART interrupt priority level. PS0 = 1 programs it to the higher priority level. 5 PS1 I2C 6 PT2 7 − Defines the I2C-bus interrupt priority level. PS1 = 1 programs it to the higher priority level. WAKE-UP Defines the WAKE-UP interrupt priority level. PT2 = 1 programs it to the higher priority level. / Unused. IP1 address F8H: interrupt priority for X2 to X9 0 PX2 P1.0 Defines the EXTERNAL2 interrupt priority level 1. PX2 = 1 programs it to the higher priority level. 1 PX3 P1.1 Defines the EXTERNAL3 interrupt priority level 1. PX3 = 1 programs it to the higher priority level. 2 PX4 P1.2 Defines the EXTERNAL4 interrupt priority level 1. PX4 = 1 programs it to the higher priority level. 3 PX5 SYMBOL 4 PX6 P1.4 5 PX7 DC/DC 6 PX8 WDI Defines the WATCHDOG interrupt priority level 1. PX8 = 1 programs it to the higher priority level. 7 PX9 MIN Defines the REAL-TIME CLOCK interrupt priority level 1. PX9 = 1 programs it to the higher priority level. Defines the SYMBOL interrupt priority level 1. PX5 = 1 programs it to the higher priority level. Defines the EXTERNAL6 interrupt priority level 1. PX6 = 1 programs it to the higher priority level. Defines the DC/DC converter interrupt priority level 1. PX7 = 1 programs it to the higher priority level. TCON address 88H: timer/counter mode control register 0 IT0 P3.2 EXTERNAL0 interrupt type control bit. Set/cleared by software to specify falling edge/low level triggered external interrupt. 1 IE0 P3.2 EXTERNAL0 interrupt flag. Set by hardware when external interrupt detected. Cleared by hardware. 2 IT1 P3.3 EXTERNAL1 interrupt type control bit. Set/cleared by software to specify falling edge/low level triggered external interrupt. 3 IE1 P3.3 EXTERNAL1 interrupt flag. Set by hardware when external interrupt detected. Cleared by hardware. 4 TR0 TIMER0 TIMER 0 run control bit. Set/cleared by software to turn timer on/off. 5 TF0 TIMER0 TIMER 0 overflow flag. Set by hardware on timer/counter overflow. Cleared by hard or software. 6 TR1 TIMER1 TIMER 1 run control bit. Set/cleared by software to turn timer on/off. 7 TF1 TIMER1 TIMER 1 overflow flag. Set by hardware on timer/counter overflow. Cleared by hard or software. IRQ1 address C0H: interrupt request register for X2 to X9 0 IQ2 P1.0 Interrupt request flag from P1.0. 1 IQ3 P1.1 Interrupt request flag from P1.1. 2 IQ4 P1.2 Interrupt request flag from P1.2. 1998 Nov 02 54 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 BITS CONV. NAME SOURCE NOTES 3 IQ5 SYMBOL Interrupt request flag from clock recovery circuit. Set by hardware or software. Cleared by software. 4 IQ6 P1.4 5 IQ7 DC/DC 6 IQ8 WDI Interrupt request flag from watchdog timer. Set by hardware or software. Cleared by software. 7 IQ9 MIN Interrupt request flag from real-time clock interrupt. Set by hardware or software. Cleared by software. Interrupt request flag from P1.4. Interrupt request flag from DC/DC-CONVERTER. Set by hardware or software. Cleared by software. WUCON address 94H: wake-up counter control register 0 SET − Latch signal to copy content of WUC to peripheral register. 1 LOAD − Parallel load signal for wake-up counter. 2 Z0 − 3 Z1 − 4 CPL − 5 unused − 6 WUP − WUP interrupt flag from wake-up counter timer. Set by hardware or software. Cleared by software. 7 RUN − RUN bit for wake-up counter. Complete interrupt flag from wake-up counter timer. Set by hardware or software. Cleared by software. RTCON address CDH: real-time clock control register 0 SET − Latch signal to copy content of WUC to peripheral register. 1 LOAD − Load RTC0 value from SFR to RTC. 2 W/R − Disable write back to SFR. 3 to 6 unused 7 MIN − − Interrupt request flag from RTC. Set by hardware or software. Cleared by software. Notes 1. IEN0 and IEN1: These are two 8-bit registers that control the enabling of the 15 interrupt sources individually as well as a global enable/disable for all of the sources. 2. IP0 and IP1: These are two 8-bit registers that set priority for each interrupt source. IP0 actually contains only 7 bits as IP.7 is not implemented. This bit will always read as logic 0. 1998 Nov 02 55 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 6.19.4 PCA5010 PORT 3 INTERRUPTS: P3.2 AND P3.3 6.19.5 INT0 and INT1 are level or edge sensitive. The programming is performed with TCON. Since P3.2 and P3.3 are configured as push-pull outputs, these interrupts can only be triggered by output commands to these ports and not by external events. WAKE-UP INTERRUPT The wake-up interrupt (T2) is the level sensitive OR-function of WUP bit or CPL bit in the WUCON SFR. The wake-up interrupt is mapped to the T2 vector (see Fig.30). These flags are set by hardware and need to be cleared by software. For more information see Section 6.14. TCON.0 (IT0): Interrupt 0 type control bit. Set/cleared by software to specify falling edge/low level triggered external interrupt (see Fig.30). WUCON.6 (WUP): WUP interrupt flag. Attention: writing and reading this SFR bit does not access the same flag. The flag is set by hardware and needs to be cleared by software. TCON.1 (IE0): Interrupt 0 flag. Set by hardware when an external interrupt is detected. Cleared by hardware when the service routine is called. WUCON.4 (CPL): Complete flag. The previous set instruction is completed. The settings of the SFR have been copied to the peripheral block. The flag is set by hardware and needs to be cleared by software. TCON.2 (IT1): Interrupt 1 type control bit. Set/cleared by software to specify falling edge/low level triggered external interrupt. TCON.3 (IE1): Interrupt 0 flag. Set by hardware when an external interrupt is detected. Cleared by hardware when the service routine is called. handbook, full pagewidth Pad Port 3.2 0 INT0 X0 IE0 1 IT0 (interrupt edge flag) MGR126 Fig.30 External interrupt Port 3.2 and Port 3.3 (INT0 and INT1). handbook, full pagewidth WUP WAKE-UP COUNTER ≥1 T2 CPL MGR1127 Fig.31 Wake-up interrupt. 1998 Nov 02 56 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 PORT 1 INTERRUPTS: PORT 1.0 TO PORT 1.4 (INT2 TO INT6) The IRQ bits are not set if the corresponding enable is not set. Four Port 1 lines can be used as external interrupt inputs (see Fig.30). When enabled (IEN1 SFR), each of these lines may wake-up the device from power-down. Using the IX1 register, each of these port lines may be set active to either HIGH or LOW. IRQ1 is the interrupt request flag register. Each flag, if the interrupt is enabled, will send an interrupt request, but must be cleared by software, i.e. via the interrupt software. The Port 1 interrupt request flags can only be set if the corresponding interrupt enable bit is set. IRQ1.3: (symbol interrupt): this interrupt request flag, if enabled, is set if the demodulator (clock recovery) has data ready, that should be read by the microcontroller. The event is called symbol clock or SymClk, because in one mode of operation one symbol is delivered per interrupt. The flag is set by hardware and needs to be cleared by software. 6.19.6 6.19.7 IRQ1.5: (DC/DC converter interrupt); this interrupt request flag, if enabled, is set if the DC/DC converter is not able to deliver the required current (STB flag cleared). The flag is set by hardware and needs to be cleared by software. MORE INTERRUPTS: SYMCLK, DC/DC, WATCHDOG AND MINUTE IRQ1.6: (watchdog interrupt); this interrupt request flag, if enabled, is set if the watchdog timer will expire within 1⁄ s. The flag is set by hardware and needs to be 16 cleared by software. The decoder blocks generate events that can force an interrupt when enabled (IEN0 and IEN1 SFR). These interrupts are mapped to the corresponding P1 interrupt request flag register bits (see Fig.33). Each flag, if the interrupt is enabled, will send an interrupt request and must be cleared by software, i.e. via the interrupt service routine. IRQ1.7: (minute interrupt). This interrupt request flag, if enabled, is set each minute once by the real-time clock. The flag is set by hardware and needs to be cleared by software. handbook, full pagewidth Pad Port 1.0 0 INT2 X2 IRQ1.0 1 IX1.0 IEN1.0 wake-up.0 MGR128 Fig.32 Interrupt Port 1.0. handbook, full pagewidth CLOCK RECOVERY BLOCK SymClk IRQ1.3 X5 IEN1.3 MGR129 Fig.33 SymClk (as example for any of the 4 mentioned interrupts). 1998 Nov 02 57 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 6.19.8 PCA5010 INTERRUPT HANDLING Figure 34 shows the conventions for interrupt assignments and priorities. Arbitration of several simultaneously sampled interrupts can be seen from Fig.34. The sampled interrupt with the highest priority will be handled first (assuming that the Interrupt Priority is default). Setting of interrupt request flags for X2 to X9 is masked by the corresponding interrupt enable bit (IEN1). cleared handbook, vector full pagewidth function Port Name Flag by IEN0/1 X0 IE0 I2C-bus S1 SI SW SymClk X5 SYM 0B HW Timer 0 T0 TF0 33 SW Wake-up T2 WUP 5B SW INT6 P1.4 X6 IQ6 13 HW INT1 P3.3 X1 IE1 3B SW INT2 P1.0 X2 IQ2 63 SW DC/DC X7 DC 1B HW Timer 1 T1 TF1 43 SW INT3 X3 IQ3 6B SW WDINT X8 WDI 23 SW UART S0 TI/RI 4B SW INT4 X4 IQ4 73 SW MINUTE X9 MIN 03 HW INT0 2B SW 53 P3.2 P1.1 P1.2 IP0/1 TCON.1 0.0 0.0 S1CON.3 0.5 0.5 IRQ1.3 1.3 1.3 TCON.5 0.1 0.1 WUCON.6 0.6 0.6 IRQ1.4 1.4 1.4 TCON.3 0.2 0.2 IRQ.0 1.0 1.0 IRQ1.5 1.5 1.5 TCON.7 0.3 0.3 IRQ1.1 1.1 1.1 IRQ1.6 1.6 1.6 S0CON.0/1 0.4 0.4 IRQ1.2 1.2 1.2 RTCON.7 1.7 1.7 PRIORITY high low decreasing priority within same level 0.7 global enable Note: The signal level applied to the EA pin defines whether the interrupt vector code is fetched from external or internal ROM. Fig.34 Interrupt assignment and priorities. 1998 Nov 02 58 MGR130 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 6.20 PCA5010 Idle and power-down operation 6.20.2 Idle and power-down are power saving modes of the microcontroller that can be activated when no CPU activity is required. Both modes do not stop the 76.8 kHz oscillator nor disable any peripheral function. POWER-DOWN MODE • Wake-up counter The instruction that sets PCON.1 is the last instruction executed in the normal operating mode before the power-down mode is activated. Once in the power-down mode, the CPU status is preserved together with the stack pointer, program counter, program status word and accumulator. The RAM and all other registers maintain their data during power-down mode. The status of the external pins during power-down mode is shown in Table 51. • Watchdog counter There are two ways to terminate the power-down mode: • Real-time clock 1. Activation of an enabled external interrupt [INT2 to INT9] will cause PCON.1 to be cleared by hardware thus terminating the power-down mode. The interrupt is serviced, and following the RETI instruction, the next instruction to be executed will be the one following the instruction that put the device in the power-down mode. The following functions remain active during the Idle mode: • Timer 0 and Timer 1 • Demodulator and clock recovery • UART • I2C-bus • External interrupt. 6.20.1 IDLE MODE 2. The second way of terminating the power-down mode is with an internal or external hardware reset. Reset redefines all SFRs but does not affect the on-chip RAM. Possible sources of an internal reset are The instruction that sets PCON.0 is the last instruction executed in the normal operating mode before the Idle mode is activated. Once in the Idle mode, the CPU status is preserved together with the stack pointer, program counter, program status word and accumulator. The RAM and all other registers maintain their data during Idle mode. The status of the external pins during Idle mode is shown in Table 51. a) Watchdog reset if the watchdog had expired b) Off/on reset if the DC/DC converter is restarted from off mode (wake-up counter or P1 pins). The power-down mode is not specially useful. It has been implemented for compatibility only. The Idle mode has the same power saving capability and allows much more flexible wake-up. There are two ways to terminate the Idle mode: 1. Activation of any enabled interrupt will cause PCON.0 to be cleared by hardware thus terminating the Idle mode. The interrupt is serviced, and following the RETI instruction, the next instruction to be executed will be the one following the instruction that put the device in the Idle mode. The flag bits GF0 and GF1 may be used to determine whether the interrupt was received during normal execution or during the Idle mode. For example, the instruction that writes to PCON.0 can also set or clear one or both flag bits. When the Idle mode is terminated by an interrupt, the service routine can examine the status of the flag bits. 6.20.3 OFF MODE The off mode has been designed as the power saving mode of the PCA5010. Shortly after entering this mode the DC/DC converter is switched off and VDD is reduced to VBAT. Directly after activating the off mode, the CPU must be set in Idle mode. The off mode is entered by: 1. ORL DCCON0, #80H 2. ORL PCON, #01H. 2. The second way of terminating the Idle mode is with an internal or external hardware reset. Reset redefines all SFRs but does not affect the on-chip RAM. Possible sources of an internal reset are The off mode can be exited by one of the following events: • RTC minute event • Wake-up counter event a) Watchdog reset if the watchdog had expired • Event on any P1 pin b) Off/on reset if the DC/DC converter is restarted from off mode (wake-up counter, RTC or P1 pins). • RESETIN active HIGH. 1998 Nov 02 59 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 Each of these events first starts the DC/DC converter to ramp up VDD to 2.2 V. After an initial reset, generated by the DC/DC converter when VDD is again at normal level, all 2 V blocks will restart their operation. The first instruction will be fetched from address 0. 6.20.4 STATUS OF EXTERNAL PINS The status of the external pins during Idle and power-down mode is shown in Table 51. The edge sensitive interrupts (minute and wake-up) from the internal sources have been lost during restart and must be polled from their SFRs. Events from P1 pins can be served after enabling the interrupts, since they are level sensitive. Table 51 Status of external pins during normal, Idle and power-down modes MODE Normal Idle Power-down MEMORY ALE PSEN PORT 0 PORT 1 PORT 2 PORT 3 internal 0 1 port data port data port data port data internal 1 1 port data port data port data port data external 1 1 pull-up HIGH port data address port data internal 0 0 pull-up HIGH port data port data port data external 0 0 pull-up HIGH port data address port data POWER CONTROL REGISTER (PCON) 6.20.5 The reduced power modes are activated by software using this special function register. PCON is not bit addressable. Table 52 Power Control Register (PCON and SFR address 87H) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 SMOD XRE ENIS − GF1 GF0 PD IDL Table 53 Power Control Register (PCON, SFR address 87H) BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION PCON.7 PCON.6 SMOD XRE PCON.5 ENIS PCON.4 PCON.3 PCON.2 PCON.1 PCON.0 − GF1 GF0 PD IDL Control bit to double data rate of UART, when set to logic 1. If set to logic 1 enables external XRAM from address 0 on, if set to logic 0 the first 1024 XRAM bytes are in internal XRAM, the higher addresses come from external XRAM; see note 1. Enable ISYNC. If bit is set, ISYNC can be monitored at pin EA in internal access mode. The binary value of ISYNC changes each time a new instruction is fetched from memory. This bit must not be set to logic 1 by user program! Reserved. General purpose flag bit. General purpose flag bit. Power-down bit. Setting this bit activates the power-down mode; see note 2. Idle mode bit. Setting this bit activates the Idle mode; see note 2. Notes 1. This device does not support external XRAM access. Therefore the XRE bit is meaningless and should never be written to logic 1. 1998 Nov 02 60 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 2. If logic 1s are written to PD and IDL at the same time, PD takes precedence. The reset value of PCON is (00000000). held HIGH. As long as RESETIN pin stays HIGH, the reset state is maintained. When RESETIN goes LOW, the device start-up sequence is executed (see Section 6.22). 6.21 6.21.2 Reset PIN To initialize the PCA5010 a reset is performed by either of 2 methods: An automatic reset can be obtained by connecting the RESETIN pin to VBAT via a capacitor and to VSS via a resistor. At power-on, the voltage on the RESETIN pin is equal to VBAT and decreases from VBAT as the capacitor charges through the resistor to VSS. VRESETIN must remain higher than the threshold of the Schmitt trigger for a duration of tRESETIN (see Chapter “AC characteristics”). The reset configuration is shown in Fig.35. • Applying an external reset signal to the RESETIN pin • Via the on-chip watchdog timer. The reset state of the output pins is given in separate tables (Tables 2 to 6). The reset state of SFRs is given in a separate overview (see Table 1). While a reset is applied to the device the output RESOUT is driven LOW. 6.21.3 The internal RAM is not affected by reset. When VDD is turned on, the RAM contents are indeterminate. 6.21.1 EXTERNAL POWER-ON RESET USING THE RESETIN INTERNAL RESET The watchdog which is available in the PCA5010 (see Section 6.16) will force a reset if it is enabled and expires. EXTERNAL RESET USING THE RESETIN PIN A reset is also forced, when the DC/DC converter restarts operation from off mode (see Section 6.22.3). The external reset input for the PCA5010 is the RESETIN pin. A Schmitt trigger is used at the input for noise rejection. Immediately after the RESETIN goes HIGH, an internal reset is executed. As a consequence the SFRs and port pins adopt their reset state, ALE and PSEN are All resets to the microcontroller can be observed as negative pulses at the output RESOUT. handbook, full pagewidth VBAT PCA5010 10 µF RESETIN RESOUT RESET AND POWER CONTROLLER watchdog restart DC/DC converter VBAT 10 kΩ VSS internal reset for microcontroller MGR344 Fig.35 Application diagram for external power-on reset configuration. 1998 Nov 02 61 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 6.22 6.22.1 PCA5010 chip is taken from the VDD and VDDA pins. The user has to connect VDD(DC) to the other VDD pins. The supply used for the reference and comparators is taken from VDDA. A typical circuit configuration is shown in Fig.36. DC/DC converter FUNCTION The DC/DC converter converts the voltage from a single primary cell (0.9 to 1.6 V) to a nominal 2.2 V VDD for on-chip and off-chip use. For EMC reasons a special technique is used to minimize coil current ripples under all load conditions. For a certain current load (IL) the controller settles to a stable voltage VDD (IL) in the window 2.15 to 2.25 V. Increasing the load decreases VDD (IL) by a small amount. When VDD (IL) drops below 2.15 V the DC/DC converter calculates a new set of coefficients and VDD (IL) settles again between 2.15 and 2.25 V (see Fig.45). The voltage generated by the DC/DC converter is available at pin VDD(DC). The supply for all functions of the handbook, full pagewidth L VBAT 0.9 to 1.6 V D1 470 µH VDD VDD(DC) VIND Ci 4.7 µF Co 4.7 µF PCA5010 VBAT VDD VDDA BLI 2.25 V C1 RESETIN R1 DIGITAL CONTROL BAND GAP 2.15 V 6 MHz MICROCONTROLLER VSS, VSSA Fig.36 Typical operating circuit. 1998 Nov 02 62 MGL458 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 6.22.2 PCA5010 The efficiency is determined by the series resistance RS and the current consumption of the converter itself. RS is the sum of the battery resistance RBAT, the DC resistance SRL of the coil, the on resistance of the MOSFET RDS,on and the ESR of the output capacitor Co. Figure 39a shows the efficiency when using a 470 µH coil with a SRL of 5 Ω and a load capacitor of 4.7 µF with an ESR of 0.5 Ω. In Fig.39b the efficiency for the same configuration is shown but with a SRL of only 0.1 Ω. To increase efficiency for extremely low output currents, the converter should be set into standby mode (see Fig.40). TYPICAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS The maximum power delivered by the DC/DC converter is given by equation (1). ( V BAT ) 2 P o(max) ≤ ------------------4 ⋅ Rs (1) Rs is the total series resistance which is the sum of RBAT + Rind + Rsw + ESR(Co). In Figs 37 and 38 the maximum available output current IL is shown as a function of VBAT and Rs. MGR345 8 handbook, full pagewidth Rs (Ω) 7 15 30 35 20 6 25 40 30 5 4 20 35 45 40 25 55 50 30 35 40 3 55 50 60 70 65 80 70 2 0.8 1 60 45 1.2 75 1.4 75 90 100 VBAT (V) VDD = 2.2 V; RS = RBAT + Rind + Rsw. Fig.37 Maximum available output current (mA) in normal mode. 1998 Nov 02 63 1.6 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 MGR346 8 handbook, full pagewidth 35 25 5 40 30 20 10 15 7.5 2 3.5 6 35 12.5 5 7 25 1 30 Rs (Ω) 40 50 20 30 15 7.5 10 3.5 2 4 12.5 5 1 45 35 45 60 3 50 2 0.8 1 55 65 70 80 1.2 1.4 VBAT (V) 1.6 VDD = 2.2 V; Rs = RBAT + Rind + Rsw. Fig.38 Maximum available output current (mA) in standby mode. MGR134 100 MGR135 100 handbook, halfpage handbook, halfpage η η (%) (%) (1) 80 (3) (1) (2) 80 (2) (3) 60 60 40 40 20 20 0 0 4 8 12 16 0 20 0 4 8 12 IL (mA) 20 IL (mA) a. Rs = 6 Ω. b. Rs = 1 Ω. (1) VBAT = 1.5 V. (2) VBAT = 1.2 V. (3) VBAT = 0.9 V. Fig.39 Efficiency in normal mode as a function of load current. 1998 Nov 02 16 64 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 MGR136 100 handbook, halfpage η (%) 80 (1) (2) (3) 60 40 20 0 0 1 2 3 IL (mA) 4 (1) VBAT = 1.5 V. (2) VBAT = 1.2 V. (3) VBAT = 0.9 V. Fig.40 Efficiency in standby mode as a function of load current. 6.22.3 6.22.3.1 4. Boost up VDD to 2.2 V using the internal 6 MHz clock and the p-channel MOSFET. As soon as VDD ≥ 2.15 V, the stable flag is set to indicate that the system is powered up successfully and the microcontroller starts operation. The DC/DC converter now stays in the normal operating mode. START-UP DESCRIPTION Start-up from reset External RC together with an on-chip Schmitt trigger is used to generate a reset pulse after the insertion of a new battery (see Section 6.21). A reset pulse at the RESETIN pin resets the SFRs and the internal registers of the DC/DC converter to the factory programmed values and the start-up sequence shown in Fig.41 is started. The reset pulse must be essentially longer then the rise time of VBAT. If a reset pulse is generated during normal operation, the DC/DC converter immediately resets the whole system and enters the start-up sequence. The start-up sequence is divided into several steps: 6.22.3.2 1. Start-up 76.8 kHz crystal oscillator (256 clocks). Start-up from off mode behaves exactly as start-up from external reset (see Fig.41) except that: 2. Boost up of VDD to approximately 1.7 V using the 76.8 kHz clock. During this phase, the p-channel MOSFET is switched off and the charge is transferred via the external Schottky diode. • The internal registers of the DC/DC converter are not reset; however the DC/DC converter SFRs are reset. Off mode is exited when one of the following events occur: 1 3. Start of the 6 MHz clock 2 × ----------------------- ; 76.8 kHz • Key pressed • Minute interrupt (see Section 6.12). 1998 Nov 02 Start-up from off mode • Wake-up interrupt. 65 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller handbook, full pagewidth PCA5010 microcontroller DC/DC converter RESETIN reset internal register VDD OK = 0 STABLE = 0 Delay = 256T start DC/DC using 76.8 kHz clock Wait until VDD > 1.7 V (up to some ms) RESTART = INIT Z_R active RESOUT active RESET RESOUT active VDD OK = 1 Delay = 2T DC/DC uses 6 MHz Wait until VDD > 2.2 V (<1 ms) OPERATING STABLE = 1 NORM STANDBY microcontroller sets OFF bit in DCCON0 SFR normal operation mode watchdog expires MGR137 Delay = 15T DC/DC: VDD set to VBAT VDD OK = 0 OFF keys or wake-up or minute or watchdog reset (T = period of XTL1 input signal) Fig.41 System power-up/off sequencing. 1998 Nov 02 66 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 6.22.4 6.22.4.1 PCA5010 When the load is so high that the required output current cannot be delivered, the DC/DC converter resets the signal STB and a DC/DC interrupt is issued to the processor via IRQ SFR IRQ1.5. STB = 0 flags the inability to deliver enough current in normal mode or in standby mode. When the STB flag is set to logic 0, VDD can drop very quickly, depending on the battery voltage and the load. DESCRIPTION OF OPERATING MODES Normal operating mode Once the system is powered-up successfully (STB = 1), the DC/DC converter is in normal operating mode. This mode has two sub modes: • Normal mode • Standby mode. 6.22.4.3 By setting/resetting the standby bit in DCCON0 (D1H), the DC/DC converter switches between normal mode and standby mode. Switching between these two modes is possible at any time by software if the controller is in normal operating mode. Normal operating mode can be exited by any of the following events: Standby mode is a low current mode which can be used when only the microcontroller is running and the quality of VDD is not important. In standby mode the DC/DC converter uses the 76.8 kHz clock instead of the 6 MHz clock. This reduces the current consumption of the DC/DC converter. The maximum output current in this mode is limited to a few milliamps (see Fig.38). In standby mode VDD can be set to 1.9, 2.0, 2.1 or 2.2 V by setting the VLO1 and VLO0 bits in DCCON1 to the corresponding values. When the load is so high that the required output current cannot be delivered, the DC/DC converter resets the signal STB and a DC/DC interrupt is issued to the processor via IRQ SFR IRQ1.5. In this case, the microcontroller should switch off the different loads and switch to normal mode. • HIGH level at the RESETIN pin • A watchdog reset, which will force the same sequence as an off command • Writing the off bit in DCCON0. Setting the off bit in DCCON0 forces the converter into DC/DC converter off mode. 6.22.4.2 Normal mode Normal mode is the high efficiency mode of the DC/DC converter. In this mode the controller can keep VDD stable at 2.2 V up to the maximum available current (see Fig.37). The output voltage is regulated in a small window and the current peaks in the coil are kept as small as possible (see Fig.45). After a reset and the following start-up sequence, the controller is in normal mode. 6.22.4.4 Off mode Off mode can only be entered by setting the off bit in DCCON0 by software. The DC/DC converter waits for 15 periods of the 76.8 kHz clock before it sets VDD to VBAT and switches off completely (see Fig.41). In the off mode the PMOS is conducting and therefore it is guaranteed that VDD never drops below VBAT − 100 mV. When the DC/DC converter is in off mode, one of the following events can restart the converter: To shorten the settling time when the receiver is switched on or off, the DC/DC converter uses 2 sets of coefficients. One for low output current and one for high output current. When the RXE bit in DCCON0 is set, the DC/DC converter stores the actual coefficients for low output current and switches to the coefficients for high load current. At the same time the receiver should be enabled. When the battery voltage did not change very much since the last time the receiver was on, the settling time is only a few microseconds instead of a few hundreds of microseconds when not using the RXE bit. When switching off the receiver, the RXE bit in DCCON0 should be reset. In this case, the DC/DC converter stores the new values for high output current and restores the values for low output current. It should be noted that the RXE bit does not change the algorithm of the DC/DC converter but shortens the settling time dramatically. 1998 Nov 02 Standby mode • P1X (independent from interrupt enabling or polarity) • Minute • Wake-up • RESETIN pulse. 67 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 6.22.5 PCA5010 VOLTAGE/CURRENT RIPPLE The ripples are determined by VBAT, inductance L, Co, ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance of Co, switching frequency and the load current IL. The ripples are illustrated in Fig.43. If ESR = 0 Ω, then Vripple = ∆V. handbook, full pagewidth IL D1 L ESR P VBAT Ci N VC Co VDD IL MGR138 Fig.42 Circuit to analyse ripples. handbook, full pagewidth VDD Vripple ∆V t IL IL Imean Ipeak Iripple Imean tp tn t tn MGR139 Tsw Fig.43 zoom in on the voltage and current ripples. 1998 Nov 02 t 68 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 Table 54 Ripples in normal operation mode MODE STANDBY tn I peak = V BAT × ---L NORM tn = 6.51 µs tn = 1, 2 or 4 µs tn I ripple = V BAT × ---L 0.2 ≤ Dp ≤ 0.73 IL I Lmean = -----Dp IL × tn ∆V = -------------Co tn = 6.51 µs IL × tn ∆V = -------------Co tn = 1, 2 or 4 µs V BAT × t n V ripple = ----------------------- × ESR L tn = 6.51 µs 1 V BAT × t n V ripple = I mean + --- × ----------------------- × ESR 2 L tn = 1, 2 or 4 µs 6.22.6 SWITCHING FREQUENCIES Depending on the load and more importantly on the battery voltage the controller uses different on and off-times for the NMOS and PMOS transistors. This results in different switching frequencies. If the 6 MHz ring oscillator is trimmed to 6 MHz (see Section 6.12) the switching frequency is 120 kHz ≤ fsw ≤ 400 kHz. A typical frequency behaviour is shown in Fig.44. MGR140 400 handbook, halfpage fsw (kHz) (1) 300 (2) 200 (3) 100 0 4 8 12 16 20 IL (mA) L = 470 µH, SRL = 5 Ω, Co = 4.7 µF, ESR = 0.5 Ω. (1) VBAT = 1.5 V. (2) VBAT = 1.2 V. (3) VBAT = 1.0 V. Fig.44 Switching frequencies. 1998 Nov 02 69 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 MGR141 handbook, full pagewidth 2.25 VDD VDD (IL) mean (V) 2.20 2.15 HF ripple 2.10 0 4 8 12 16 IL (mA) 20 VBAT = 1.2 V; L = 470 µH; SRL = 5 Ω; Co = 4.7 µF; ESR = 0.5 Ω. Fig.45 VDD as a function of load current. 6.22.7 VDD ADJUSTMENT 6.22.8 Battery low measurement is enabled by setting the SBLI bit in DCCON0. 0.5 ms after setting SBLI to logic 1 the BLI bit in DCCON0 contains the measurement result. When BLI = 0 the battery voltage is below 1.1 V. When BLI = 1 VBAT is above 1.1 V. When SBLI = 1 VBAT is measured continuously. Setting SBLI to logic 0 disables the VBAT comparator and BLI is set to logic 1. After a reset pulse at RESETIN, SBLI is reset to logic 0. VDD can be shifted in four steps by adjusting the band gap voltage. The band gap voltage is set with the two bits VBG1 and VBG0 in DCCON1 according to Table 55. Table 55 VDD adjustment VBG1 VBG0 0 0 OUTPUT VOLTAGE VDD 0 1 VDD − 50 mV 1 0 VDD + 50 mV 1 1 VDD + 100 mV 1998 Nov 02 BATTERY LOW MEASUREMENT 70 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 6.22.9 PCA5010 DC/DC CONTROL REGISTER (DCCON0) The DCCON0 special function register is used to control the operation of the on-chip DC/DC converter. Table 56 DC/DC Control Register (DCCON0, SFR address D1H) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OFF SBY RXE SBLI − − STB BLI Table 57 Description of the DCCON0 bits BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION DCCON0.7 OFF Writing this SFR bit to logic 1 puts the DC/DC converter in the off mode (independent of other control bits). DCCON0.6 SBY Writing this SFR bit to logic 1 puts the DC/DC converter in the standby mode, where the DC/DC converter is clocked from the 76.8 kHz oscillator and the ripple voltage will be higher. If the DC/DC converter is unable to deliver enough current in SBY mode, the software has to reset the SBY mode. DCCON0.5 RXE Writing this SFR bit to logic 1 uses the stored set of coefficients from a local register to force the DC/DC converter into the state which is appropriate for the required current. The contents of this local register are maintained when the DC/DC converter is set into off state. For the first time after connecting VBAT a set of default coefficients is used. Writing this bit to logic 0 copies the actual coefficients used momentary by the DC/DC converter back to the local register. DCCON0.4 SBLI Writing this SFR bit to logic 1 enables the circuitry for measurement of the battery voltage. The new BLI value is valid 0.5 ms later. In order to make a new measurement, the receiver should draw current (continuous mode of DC/DC converter). If SBLI is logic 0 (BLI measurement disabled) BLI will go to HIGH. DCCON0.3 − Unused. DCCON0.2 − Unused. DCCON0.1 STB Set by the DC/DC converter after power-up. Reset by DC/DC converter if the converter is not able to deliver the required power. The signal is set in SBY and non SBY mode. This bit is read only. DCCON0.0 BLI Battery low indicator. Set by DC/DC converter if VBAT < 1100 mV ±50 mV. This bit is read only. 1998 Nov 02 71 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 6.22.10 DC/DC ADJUST CONTROL REGISTER (DCCON1) The DCCON1 special function register is used to adjust the exact voltage levels of the on-chip DC/DC converter. Table 58 DC/DC Adjust Control Register (DCCON1 and SFR address D2H) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 VBG1 VBG0 VLO1 VLO0 − − − − Table 59 Description of the DCCON1 bits BIT SYMBOL DCCON1.7 VBG1 DCCON1.6 VBG0 DCCON1.5 VLO1 DCCON1.4 VLO0 FUNCTION Adjust for band gap voltage; used to trim the band gap voltage [00] = 1.260 V, [01] = 1.233 V, [10] = 1.286 V, [11] = 1.312 V. Adjust for DC/DC converter output voltage in standby mode; [00] = 1.9 V, [01] = 2.0 V, [10] = 2.1 V, [11] = 2.2 V. DCCON1.3 − unused DCCON1.2 − unused DCCON1.1 − unused DCCON1.0 − unused 7 INSTRUCTION SET The PBB family uses a powerful instruction set which permits the expansion of on-chip CPU peripherals and optimizes power consumption in Idle and active modes as well as byte efficiency and execution speed. Typical execution times and energy consumption at a VDD of 2.2 V are given in Table 60. Attention: for most opcodes the numbers for execution speed and energy are also strongly dependant on the data (ADD, SUBB, DEC, INC, MUL, DIV, DA, conditional jumps etc.) and the operand address (CPU internal SFRs or SFRs in a peripheral block). Table 60 Instruction set MNEMONIC DESCRIPTION BYTES EXEC. ENERGY OPCODE TIME [µs] [NJ] (HEX) Arithmetic operations ADD A,Rn add register to A 1 0.498 1.831 2* ADD A,direct add direct byte to A 2 0.631 2.501 25 ADD A,@Ri add indirect RAM to A 1 0.529 1.990 26, 27 ADD A,#data add immediate data to A 2 0.583 2.262 24 ADDC A,Rn add register to A with carry flag 1 0.508 1.864 3* ADDC A,direct add direct byte to A with carry flag 2 0.637 2.525 35 ADDC A,@Ri add indirect RAM to A with carry flag 1 0.539 2.030 36, 37 ADDC A,#data add immediate data to A with carry flag 2 0.597 2.304 34 SUBB A,Rn subtract register from A with borrow 1 0.497 1.861 9* SUBB A,direct subtract direct byte from A with borrow 2 0.630 2.527 95 SUBB A,@Ri subtract indirect RAM from A with borrow 1 0.528 2.021 96, 97 SUBB A,#data subtract immediate data from A with borrow 2 0.582 2.287 94 INC A increment A 1 0.459 2.475 04 1998 Nov 02 72 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller MNEMONIC PCA5010 DESCRIPTION BYTES EXEC. ENERGY OPCODE TIME [µs] [NJ] (HEX) INC Rn increment register 1 0.457 1.737 0* INC direct increment direct byte 2 0.586 1.982 05 INC @Ri increment indirect RAM 1 0.493 1.982 06, 07 DEC A decrement A 1 0.459 1.489 14 DEC Rn decrement register 1 0.457 1.74 1* DEC direct decrement direct byte 2 0.590 2.488 15 DEC @Ri decrement indirect RAM 1 0.489 1.972 16, 17 INC DPTR increment data pointer 1 0.384 1.345 A3 MUL AB multiply A and B 1 0.378 1.242 A4 DIV AB divide A by B 1 0.733 2.532 84 DA A decimal adjust A 1 0.426 1.363 D4 Logic operations ANL A,Rn AND register to A 1 0.495 1.857 5* ANL(1) A,direct AND direct byte to A 2 0.623 2.494 55 ANL A,@Ri AND indirect RAM to A 1 0.525 2.021 56, 57 ANL A,#data AND immediate data to A 2 0.583 2.272 54 ANL direct,A AND A to direct byte 2 0.650 2.639 52 ANL direct,#data AND immediate data to direct byte 3 0.719 3.138 53 ORL A,Rn OR register to A 1 0.459 1.605 4* ORL(1) A,direct OR direct byte to A 2 0.584 2.248 45 ORL A,@Ri OR indirect RAM to A 1 0.486 1.767 46, 47 ORL A,#data OR immediate data to A 2 0.539 2.015 44 ORL direct,A OR A to direct byte 2 0.614 2.405 42 ORL direct,#data OR immediate data to direct byte 3 0.679 2.886 43 XRL A,Rn exclusive-OR register to A 1 0.459 1.715 6* XRL(1) A,direct exclusive-OR direct byte to A 2 0.584 2.361 65 XRL A,@Ri exclusive-OR indirect RAM to A 1 0.486 1.873 66, 67 XRL A,#data exclusive-OR immediate data to A 2 0.540 2.128 64 XRL direct,A exclusive-OR A to direct byte 2 0.614 2.550 62 XRL direct,#data exclusive-OR immediate data to direct byte 3 0.679 3.017 63 CLR A clear A 1 0.374 1.265 E4 CPL A complement A 1 0.398 1.511 F4 RL A rotate A left 1 0.383 1.388 23 RLC A rotate A left through the carry flag 1 0.383 1.390 33 RR A rotate A right 1 0.382 1.381 03 RRC A rotate A right through the carry flag 1 0.383 1.382 13 SWAP A swap nibbles within A 1 0.371 1.394 C4 1998 Nov 02 73 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller MNEMONIC PCA5010 DESCRIPTION BYTES EXEC. ENERGY OPCODE TIME [µs] [NJ] (HEX) Data transfer MOV A,Rn move register to A 1 0.377 1.406 E* MOV A,direct move direct byte to A 2 0.509 2.080 E5 MOV A,@Ri move indirect RAM to A 1 0.408 1.568 E6, E7 MOV A,#data move immediate data to A 2 0.426 1.752 74 MOV Rn,A move A to register 1 0.344 1.347 F* MOV Rn,direct move direct byte to register 2 0.602 2.654 A* MOV Rn,#data move immediate data to register 2 0.415 1.839 7* MOV direct,A move A to direct byte 2 0.477 2.024 F5 MOV direct,Rn move register to direct byte 2 0.536 2.294 8* MOV direct,direct move direct byte to direct byte 3 0.661 2.950 85 MOV direct,@Ri move indirect RAM to direct byte 2 0.564 2.438 86, 87 MOV direct,#data move immediate data to direct byte 3 0.679 3.017 75 MOV @RI,A move A to indirect RAM 1 0.378 1.517 F6, F7 MOV @Ri,direct move direct byte to indirect RAM 2 0.633 2.629 A6, A7 MOV @Ri,#data move immediate data to indirect RAM 3 0.448 2.019 76, 77 MOV DPTR,#data 16 load data pointer with a 16-bit constant 3 0.519 2.267 90 MOVC A,@A+DPTR move code byte relative to DPTR to A 1 0.775 3.570 93 MOVC A,@A+PC move code byte relative to PC to A 1 0.770 3.374 83 MOVX A,@Ri move external RAM (8-bit address) to A 1 0.707 2.732 E2, E3 MOVX A,@DPTR move external RAM (16-bit address) to A 1 0.710 2.605 E0 MOVX @Ri,A move A to external RAM (8-bit address) 1 0.629 2.595 F2, F3 MOVX @DPTR,A move A to external RAM (16-bit address) 1 0.631 2.439 F0 PUSH direct push direct byte onto stack 2 0.600 2.543 C0 POP direct pop direct byte from stack 2 0.606 2.548 D0 XCH A,Rn exchange register with A 1 0.513 1.847 C* XCH A,direct exchange direct byte with A 2 0.645 2.526 C5 XCH A,@Ri exchange indirect RAM with A 1 0.544 2.024 C6, C7 XCHD A,@Ri exchange LOW-order nibble indirect RAM with A 1 0.486 1.904 D6, D7 Boolean variable manipulation CLR C clear carry flag 1 0.293 1.075 C3 CLR bit clear direct bit 2 0.597 2.509 C2 SETB C set carry flag 1 0.293 1.084 D3 SETB bit set direct bit 2 0.611 2.603 D2 CPL C complement carry flag 1 0.320 1.134 B3 CPL bit complement direct bit 2 0.583 2.471 B2 ANL C,bit AND direct bit to carry flag 2 0.540 2.187 82 ANL C,/bit AND complement of direct bit to carry flag 2 0.563 2.388 B0 1998 Nov 02 74 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller MNEMONIC PCA5010 DESCRIPTION BYTES EXEC. ENERGY OPCODE TIME [µs] [NJ] (HEX) ORL(2) C,bit OR direct bit to carry flag ORL C,/bit OR complement of direct bit to carry flag 2 0.561 2.341 A0 MOV C,bit move direct bit to carry flag 2 0.610 2.542 A2 MOV bit,C move carry flag to direct bit 2 0.610 2.542 92 2 0.561 2.341 72 Program and machine control ACALL addr11 absolute subroutine call 2 0.840 3.384 •1 addr LCALL addr16 long subroutine call 3 1.082 4.562 12 RET return from subroutine 1 1.082 4.562 22 RETI return from interrupt 1 1.082 4.562 32 addr11 absolute jump 2 0.670 2.524 ♦1 addr LJMP addr16 long jump 3 0.840 3.384 02 SJMP rel short jump (relative address) 2 0.670 2.524 80 JMP @A+DPTR jump indirect relative to the DPTR 1 1.049 4.015 73 JZ rel jump if A is zero 2 0.639 2.224 60 JNZ rel jump if A is not zero 2 0.754 2.896 70 JC rel jump if carry flag is set 2 0.620 2.128 40 JNC rel jump if carry flag is not set 2 0.733 2.705 50 JB bit,rel jump if direct bit is set 3 0.788 3.095 20 JNB bit,rel jump if direct bit is not set 3 0.902 3.708 30 JBC bit,rel jump if direct bit is set and clear bit 3 0.894 3.520 10 CJNE A,direct,rel compare direct to A and jump if not equal 3 0.855 3.307 B5 CJNE A,#data,rel compare immediate to A and jump if not equal 3 0.794 3.024 B4 CJNE Rn,#data,rel compare immediate to register and jump if not equal 3 0.787 3.139 B* CJNE @Ri,#data,rel compare immediate to indirect and jump if not equal 3 0.822 3.333 B6, B7 DJNZ Rn,rel decrement register and jump if not zero 2 0.857 3.474 D* DJNZ direct,rel decrement direct and jump if not zero 3 0.991 4.178 D5 no operation 1 0.284 1.027 00 AJMP NOP Notes 1. This opcode works in a slightly different way to a standard 80C51 CPU. If the direct field addresses one of the I/O ports (P0 to P3) then the standard 80C51 uses the port pin input state for the operation while the PCA5010 uses the SFR contents. 2. This opcode works in a slightly different way to a standard 80C51 CPU. If the direct bit field addresses one of the port bits, then the state of the corresponding port pin is written to the port SFR after execution of the instruction. 1998 Nov 02 75 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 Table 61 Notation for data addressing modes SYMBOL DESCRIPTION Rn working registers R0 to R7 direct 128 internal RAM locations and any special function register (SFR). @Ri indirect internal RAM location addressed by register R0 or R1 #data 8-bit constant included in instruction #data 16 16-bit constant included as bytes 2 and 3 of instruction bit direct addressed bit in internal RAM or SFR addr16 16-bit destination address. Used by LCALL and LJMP. The branch will be anywhere within the 64 kbytes program memory address space. addr11 11-bit destination address. Used by ACALL and AJMP. The branch will be within the same 2-kbyte page of program memory as the first byte of the following instruction. rel Signed (two's complement) 8-bit offset byte. Used by SJMP and all conditional jumps. Range is −128 to +127 bytes relative to first byte of the following instruction. Table 62 Hexadecimal opcode cross-reference SYMBOL DESCRIPTION * 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E and F • 11, 31, 51, 71, 91, B1, D1 and F1 ♦ 01, 21, 41, 61, 81, A1, C1 and E1 1998 Nov 02 76 1998 Nov 02 ORL direct,#data ANL direct,#data XRL direct,#data JMP @A+DPTR MOVC A,@A+PC MOVC A,@A+DPTR ORL direct,A ANL direct,A XRL direct,A ORL C,bit ANL C,bit MOV bit,C AJMP addr11 ACALL addr11 AJMP addr11 ACALL addr11 AJMP addr11 ACALL addr11 JC rel JNC rel JZ rel JNZ rel SJMP rel MOV DPTR,#data 16 ORL C,/bit ANL C,/bit PUSH direct 5 6 7 8 9 A 77 B C XRL A,direct MOV direct,#data XRL A,#data MOV A,#data 0 1 0 0 MOV @Ri,A MOV A,@Ri XCHD A,@Ri XCH A,@Ri CJNE @Ri,#data,rel MOV @Ri,direct SUBB A,@Ri MOV direct,@Ri MOV @Ri,#data XRL A,@Ri ANL A,@Ri ORL A,@Ri ADDC A,@Ri ADD A,@Ri DEC@Ri INC@Ri 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 B C 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 3 4 MOV Rn,direct 5 SUBB A, Rn 3 4 5 3 MOV direct,Rn 3 MOV Rn,#data 3 XRL A,Rn 3 ANL A,Rn 3 ORL A,Rn 3 ADDC A,Rn 3 ADD A,Rn 3 DEC Rn 3 INC Rn 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 MOV Rn,A 3 MOV A,Rn 3 DJNZ Rn,rel 3 XCH A,Rn 3 5 5 5 5 5 CJNE Rn,#data,rel 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 A 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 E 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 F * MOV A, ACC is not a valid instruction. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 Pager baseband controller MGL457 0 MOVX @DPTR,A F MOV direct,A ACALL addr11 MOVX A,@DPTR E CPL A 0 AJMP addr11 POP direct D MOVX @Ri,A SETB bit ACALL addr11 MOV * A,direct DA A SETB C CLR bit AJMP addr11 CLR A DJNZ direct,rel SWAP A CLR C CPL bit ACALL addr11 MOVX A,@Ri 1 0 XCH A,direct CJNE A,#data,rel CPL C 0 MUL AB 0 0 0 0 0 INC DPTR CJNE A,direct,rel SUBB A,direct ANL A,direct ANL A,#data SUBB A,#data 0 ORL A,direct ORL A,#data MOV direct,direct 0 ADDC A,direct ADDC A,#data DIV AB 0 0 0 ADD A,direct 0 6 ADD A,#data INC direct DEC direct 5 DEC A INC A MOV C,bit RLC A 4 handbook, full pagewidth AJMP addr11 RETI 4 ACALL addr11 RL A JNB bit,rel RET AJMP addr11 3 RRC A LCALL addr16 ACALL addr11 JB bit,rel RR A 3 LJMP addr16 2 AJMP addr11 2 NOP 1 JBC bit,rel 0 second hexadecimal character of opcode 7.1 1 0 first hexadecimal character of opcode Philips Semiconductors Product specification PCA5010 Instruction Map Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 8 LIMITING VALUES According to the Absolute Maximum Ratings System (IEC 134); note 1. SYMBOL PARAMETER MIN. MAX. UNIT VBAT battery supply voltage −0.5 +2.0 V VDD supply voltage −0.5 +5.0 V VI input voltage (all inputs) −0.3 VDD + 0.3 V II/O maximum sink/source current for all input/output pins −10 +10 mA IBAT, IIND maximum supply current for pins VBAT and VIND − 100 mA IDD maximum supply current for any supply pin − 50 mA Ptot total power dissipation − 100 mW VESD(HBM) maximum ESD stress level applied to VPP pin using human body model − 2000 V VESD(MM) maximum ESD stress level applied to VPP pin using machine model − 200 V Tstg storage temperature −55 +125 °C Tamb operating ambient temperature (for all devices) −10 +55 °C Note 1. Parameters are valid over operating temperature range unless otherwise specified. All voltages are with respect to VSS unless otherwise specified. 9 EXTERNAL COMPONENTS SYMBOL PARAMETER MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT Discrete components L inductor 330 470 1000 µH Co output capacitor − 4.7 10.0 µF RFB feedback oscillator resistance 2.0 2.2 − MΩ RX1 parasitic serial resistance of quartz − − 20 kΩ 1998 Nov 02 78 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 10 DC CHARACTERISTICS VSS = 0 V; VDD = 2.2 V; VBAT = 1.2 V; Tamb = −10 to +55 °C; all voltages referenced to VSS unless otherwise specified; DC/DC converter configured as indicated in note 1. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT Battery supply VBAT battery operating voltage note 2 0.9 1.2 1.6 V IBAT(reset) static reset supply current VBAT = 1.2 V; pin RESETIN at VBAT; XTL1 at VSS; P1.6, P1.7; I, Q, EA, TCLK, VPP at VSS or VDD; all outputs and I/Os open-circuit − 0.5 5 µA IDD(reset) static reset supply current VDD = 2.2 V; pin RESETIN at VBAT; XTL1 at VSS; P1.6, P1.7, I, Q, EA, TCLK, VPP at VSS or VDD; all outputs and I/Os open-circuit − 0.5 10 µA RNFET NFET pin-to-pin resistance Tamb = 25 °C; VDD = 2.2 V; note 3 − 1.1 2 Ω RPFET PFET pin-to-pin resistance Tamb = 25 °C; VDD = 2.2 V; note 3 − 1.2 2 Ω IL(NFET) NFET leakage current − − 1 µA IL(PFET) PFET leakage current −1 − − µA INFET(max) maximum allowed NFET current − − 50 mA IPFET(max) maximum allowed PFET current − − 50 mA DC/DC converter in off mode VDD DC supply voltage output IBAT(off) current consumed from VBAT by the DC/DC converter itself VBAT − 0.1 − VBAT V VDD = VBAT; all inputs at VSS or VDD; all outputs and I/Os open-circuit − 6 − µA note 4; programmable in 4 steps 1.8 1.9 2.3 V 1.9: [VLO, VLO] = 00 − 1.9 − V 2.0: [VLO, VLO] = 01 − 2.0 − V 2.1: [VLO, VLO] = 10 − 2.1 − V 2.2: [VLO, VLO] = 11 − 2.2 − V DC/DC converter in standby mode VDD DC supply voltage generated by the on-chip DC/DC converter for the PCA5010 and external chips VDROP DC voltage drop due to load IL = 500 µA; notes 4 and 5 − − 100 mV Vripple(p-p) ripple voltage (peak-to-peak value) notes 5 and 6 − 50 − mV 1998 Nov 02 79 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller SYMBOL PARAMETER PCA5010 CONDITIONS MIN. IBAT(stb) current consumed from VBAT by the DC/DC converter itself Tamb = 25 °C; notes 7 and 8 − IDD(max)(stb) maximum delivered continuous supply current VBAT = 0.9 V; Rs = 8 Ω; 1 notes 8 and 9; see Fig.38 η(stb) efficiency of DC/DC VBAT = 1.2 V; converter in standby mode IDD = 100 µA; note 8 TYP. MAX. UNIT 25 − µA − − mA − 80 − % DC/DC converter in high current mode (non standby) VDD DC supply voltage generated by the on-chip DC/DC converter for the PCA5010 and external chips note 4 2.2 − 6% 2.2 2.2 + 6% V VDD(av) mean DC voltage notes 4 and 5 2.1 2.2 2.3 V VHFripple(p-p) ripple voltage for frequencies above 20 kHz (peak-to-peak value) notes 5 and 8 − − 100 mV VLFripple(p-p) low frequency ripple voltage caused by load variations (peak-to-peak value) notes 3, 5 and 8 − − 100 mV IBAT(norm) current consumed from VBAT by the DC/DC converter itself Tamb = 25 °C; notes 8 and 10; see Fig.51 − 110 − µA IDD(max) maximum delivered supply current VBAT = 0.9 V; Rs= 8 Ω; 10 notes 8 and 9; see Fig.37 − − mA VBAT = 1.0 V; Rs = 5 Ω; notes 8 and 9 20 − − mA VBAT ≥ 1.2 V; IDD = 3 mA − 90 − % VBAT ≥ 1.2 V; IDD = 10 mA − 85 − % VBAT = 0.9 V; IDD = 3 mA − 85 − % VBAT = 0.9 V; IDD = 10 mA − 75 − % η(norm) efficiency of DC/DC converter note 8 External supply current from VDD = 2.2 V and VBAT = 1.2 V VDD DC supply voltage (VDD and VDDA pins) note 11; see Fig.64 2.2 2.2 2.5 V IBAT operating battery current Tamb = 25 °C; 76.8 kHz quartz − 2 − µA IDD(stb) operating standby mode supply current from VDD Tamb = 25 °C; note 7 − 12 − µA 1998 Nov 02 80 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller SYMBOL IDD(RX) PARAMETER operating receive mode supply current from VDD PCA5010 CONDITIONS Tamb = 25 °C; note 10 MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT − 85 − µA Supply current from internal or external VDD = 2.2 V IDD(micro) IDD due to operation of microcontroller Tamb = 25 °C; note 12 − 0.7 − mA/MIPS IDD(UART) increase in IDD due to operation of the UART Tamb = 25 °C − 5 − µA IDD(IIC) increase in IDD due to operation of the I2C-bus master Tamb = 25 °C − 20 − µA IDD(T0) increase in IDD due to Tamb = 25 °C operation of timer/counter0 − 0 − µA IDD(T1) increase in IDD due to Tamb = 25 °C operation of timer/counter1 − 2 − µA IDD(AFC) supply current due to operation of AFC-DAC Tamb = 25 °C − 60 − µA IDD(SBLI) supply current due to battery measurement active (SBLI = 1) Tamb = 25 °C − 20 − µA IDD(6MHz) increase in IDD due to activation of 6 MHz oscillator in standby mode Tamb = 25 °C; frequency adjusted to 6 MHz − 50 − µA OTP programming (OTP data retention can only be guaranteed if the devices are preprogrammed by Philips Semiconductors; data retention cannot be guaranteed for customer programmed samples) VDD(prog) supply voltage during programming VPP program supply voltage IPP program supply current Tamb(prog) operating ambient temperature during programming 2.2 − 3.6 V 12.5 − 13 V − 24 − mA 21 − 27 °C [VBG1, VBG0] = 00 1.23 1.26 1.29 V [VBG1, VBG0] = 01 − 1.233 − V [VBG1, VBG0] = 10 − 1.286 − V [VBG1, VBG0] = 11 − 1.312 − V Tamb = 25 °C 1.5 1.85 2.0 V [VBG1, VBG0] = 00 1.05 1.1 1.15 V note 11 note 13 Band gap (reference voltage for all comparators) VBG band gap voltage Initial VDD OK detection VDD(OK) VDD OK indication Battery low indicator VBLI 1998 Nov 02 battery low indication 81 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller SYMBOL PCA5010 PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT Digital input pins I(D1), Q(D0) and TCLK VIL LOW-level input voltage − − 0.2VDD V VIH HIGH-level input voltage 0.8VDD − − V IL leakage current −0.1 − 0.1 µA VI = VDD or VSS Digital input pin RESETIN VIL input low level − − 0.2VBAT V VIH input high level 0.8VBAT − − V IL leakage current −0.1 − 0.1 µA − 0.2VDD V VI = VDD or VSS Digital input/output pin EA VIL LOW-level input voltage output not sinking current − VIH HIGH-level input voltage output not sinking current 0.8VDD − − V I(o)sink output sink current VDD = 2.2 V; VI = 0.4 V 0.75 − − mA I(o)source output source current VDD = 2.2 V; VI = VDD − 0.4 V − − −0.75 mA INMOS(h) NMOS hold current VDD = 2.2 V; VI = 0.6 V − − 200 µA IPMOS(h) PMOS hold current VDD = 2.2 V; VI = VDD − 0.6 V −200 − − µA Digital output pin RESOUT I(o)sink output sink current VDD = 2.2 V; VI = 0.4 V 1.5 − − mA I(o)source output source current VDD = 2.2 V; VI = VDD − 0.4 V − − −1.5 mA Digital input/output pins PSEN VIL LOW-level input voltage output not sinking current − − 0.2VDD V VIH HIGH-level input voltage output not sinking current 0.8VDD − − V I(o)sink output sink current VDD = 2.2 V; VI = 0.4 V 0.75 − − mA I(o)source output source current VDD = 2.2 V; VI = VDD − 0.4 V − − −0.75 mA Ipu weak pull-up current VDD = 2.2 V; VI = 0 V −20 −7 −2 µA Digital input/output pins ALE VIL LOW-level input voltage output not sinking current − − 0.2VDD V VIH HIGH-level input voltage output not sinking current 0.8VDD − − V I(o)sink output sink current VDD = 2.2 V; VI = 0.4 V 1.5 − − mA I(o)source output source current VDD = 2.2 V; VI = VDD − 0.4 V − − −1.5 mA Ipu weak pull-up current VDD = 2.2 V; VI = 0 V −20 −7 −2 µA Microcontroller input/output ports P0, P1 and P2 pins (except P1.6 and P1.7) VIL LOW-level input voltage output not sinking current − − 0.2VDD V VIH HIGH-level input voltage output not sinking current 0.8VDD − − V I(o)sink output sink current VDD = 2.2 V; VI = 0.4 V − − mA 1998 Nov 02 82 0.75 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller SYMBOL PARAMETER PCA5010 CONDITIONS MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT I(o)source output source current VDD = 2.2 V; VI = VDD − 0.4 V − − −0.75 mA Ipu weak pull-up current VDD = 2.2 V; VI = 0 V −20 −7 −2 µA IPMOS(h) PMOS hold current VDD = 2.2 V; VI = VDD/2 −200 −70 −20 µA Microcontroller output port P3 pins I(o)sink output sink current VDD = 2.2 V; VI = 0.6 V 4 − − mA I(o)source output source current VDD = 2.2 V; VI = VDD − 0.6 V − − −6 mA Open drain pins SDA and SCL (P1.6 and P1.7) VIL LOW-level input voltage output not sinking current − − 0.2VDD V VIH HIGH level input voltage output not sinking current 0.8VDD − − V IL leakage current VI = VDD −1 − +1 µA Isink(stat) static output sink current VDD = 2.2 V; VI = 0.4 V 2.25 − − mA Isink(stat)(sc) static output sink short-circuit current VDD = 2.2 V; VI = VDD 2.2 6 14 mA AT output pin I(o)sink output sink current VDD = 2.2 V; VI = 0.4 V 3 − − mA I(o)source output source current VDD = 2.2 V; VI = VDD − 0.4 V − − −3 mA 76.8 kHz oscillator VIL(XTL1) LOW-level input voltage XTL1 − − 0.3 V VIH(XTL1) HIGH-level input voltage XTL1 1 − − V ILI(XTL1) leakage current at XTL1 VI = VBAT or VSS −1 − +1 µA Ibias bias current from XTL2 to VSS VBAT = 1.6 V; XTL1 at VSS 0.5 0.8 1.1 µA Iop operating current consumption VBAT = 1.6 V; RFB = 2.2 MΩ − 2 − µA gm transconductance Io = ±0.3 µA 5 20 60 µA/V VWP DC working point − 550 − mV VAFC resolution − 1⁄ − V ∆AFC deviation for codes between 010000 and 100000 from straight line −0.25LSB − +0.25LSB RL(DAC) allowed resistive load at DAC output 10 − − AFC-DAC 1998 Nov 02 83 64VDD kΩ Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller SYMBOL PARAMETER CL(DAC) allowed capacitive load at DAC output Isource(DAC) AFCOUT source current Isink(DAC) AFCOUT sink current PCA5010 CONDITIONS MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT − − 50 pF VDD = 2.2 V; VAFCOUT = VDD − 0.4 V; code = 111111 − −895 −100 µA VDD = 2.2 V; VAFCOUT = 0.4 V; code = 000000 10 25 − µA Notes 1. DC/DC converter configured with inductor of L = 470 µH, SRL = 5 Ω, input capacitance of Ci = 4.7 µF, ESR = 0.5 Ω, VDD output capacitor Co = 4.7 µF, ESR = 0.5 Ω, RBAT < 1 Ω. 2. The required VBAT for starting the circuit after connecting it to the battery is 1.1 V. But once in place, the battery can be used until it is discharged to 0.9 V. 3. This parameter is not tested during production; it is guaranteed by design. 4. This parameter is not tested during production; it is covered by other measurements. 5. The accuracy of the voltage is defined by maximum offset and ripple voltage. DC offset is defined by the accuracy of the internal band gap reference and the offset of comparators, whereas the ripple voltage is defined by the limits of the allowed voltage window of the regulated VDD. 6. The ripple in standby mode is defined by VBAT, L, tn and ESR (see Table 54). 7. PCA5010 set to standby mode by software: 76.8 kHz oscillator running, DC/DC converter running in standby mode, all timer/counters disabled except RTC, microcontroller Idle, all outputs open-circuit, no IDD delivered to external circuits. 8. This parameter depends on external components and is not tested during production; hence no guarantee. 9. Rs = total series resistance = RBAT + SRL + RDS(on) + ESR. 10. PCA5010 set to receive mode by software: 76.8 kHz and 6 MHz oscillator running, DC/DC converter running in normal mode, wake-up counter, clock compensation, watchdog timer, T0 and T1 enabled, demodulator set to direct input data, AFC disabled, microcontroller Idle, all outputs open-circuit, no IDD delivered to external circuits. 11. The minimum supply voltage is determined by the start-up sequence of the device. When the start-up sequence is completed, the supply voltage can be lowered to 1.8 V. 12. The microcontroller operates with approximately 1.9 million instructions per second at a VDD = 2.2 V. The current consumption at this VDD is 0.7 mA/MIPS (peripheral blocks as e.g. timers, DC/DC converter, I2C-bus, UART, demodulator etc., are excluded). The current required from VDD is then 1.35 mA (typ.). This scales to V DD I BAT = ------------ × I DD = 2.5 mA sunk from VBAT. V BAT 13. In mass program mode the current can increase to 100 mA. 1998 Nov 02 84 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 11 AC CHARACTERISTICS VBAT = 0.9 to 1.6 V; VSS = 0 V; Tamb = −10 to +55 °C; all voltages referenced to VSS unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT DC/DC converter; see note 1 ton turn on time off to normal operation; IL < 500 µA; note 2 − − 5 ms tch(mode) mode change time enable to standby and reverse; note 2 − − 1 ms tstep load step accommodation delay until stable load step from 10 µA to 6 mA; note 3 − − 1 ms fsw switching frequency in normal mode; note 2 120 250 400 kHz tsw switching period in standby mode; note 4 1 or 1.5 tXTL1 − − µs tch(L) inductor charge time in standby mode; note 4 − 0.5 or 1 tXTL1 − µs 20 − − µs RESET signal tRESETIN(min) minimum duration of RESETIN pulse Microcontroller tinstr(int) internal instruction execution time internal access, VDD = 2.2 V; Tamb = 25 °C; note 5 − 550 − ns tinstr(ext) external instruction execution time external access, VDD = 2.2 V; Tamb = 25 °C; note 5 − 650 − ns note 3 76784 76800 76816 Hz 76.8 kHz oscillator fxtal crystal frequency fi(max) maximum input frequency through input buffer − − 100 kHz C1 input capacitance − 10 ± 15% − pF C2 output capacitance − 10 ± 15% − pF oscillator input frequency [SF4, SF3, SF2, SF1, SF0] = 00000 (reset condition) 3 5.4 8 MHz [SF4, SF3, SF2, SF1, SF0] = 10000 1 2.7 5 MHz [SF4, SF3, SF2, SF1, SF0] = 01111 6 7.6 11 MHz 5.85 6 6.15 MHz − 20 30 µs 6 MHz oscillator fi(osc) fi(osc) ± ∆f adjusted frequency td(en) enable oscillator delay 1998 Nov 02 note 2 85 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller SYMBOL PARAMETER PCA5010 CONDITIONS MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT ZIF (I and Q) demodulator foffset offset from 0 frequency note 2 6 − − kHz t(ENA-AVG) ENA to valid AVG value 3 kHz offset; note 2 − − 100 ms tENB ENB to valid demodulator output note 2 − − 1 symbol duration tENC ENB to correct recovered note 2 clock phase error curves apply (see Fig.27) rise and fall times for outputs − 15 − ns − 60 − ns All outputs tr,f CL = 20 pF Open-drain pins SDA and SCL (P1.7 and P1.6) tn noise suppression filter ∆V/∆t slope for the falling edge RL = 20 kΩ; CL = 50 pF; VDD = 2.2 V − 50 − ns/V dI/dt slope for both edges RL = 20 kΩ; CL = 50 pF − 250 − µA/ns Io(sink)(swL) dynamic output sink VDD = 2.2 V; RL = 20 kΩ; current during switching CL = 50 pF low (Miller compensated) − 2 − mA OTP programming characteristics VSU;PP VPP set-up time 10 − − µs tW(prog) program pulse width 100 − − µs tW(prog)(sec) program pulse security bits 200 − − µs tW(prog)(rec) program pulse recover time 1 − − µs − 50 100 µs − 0 − dB 2.5 − µs AFC-DAC tstart(DAC) start-up time disabled DAC to stable output for code 111111 PSRR power supply ripple rejection (VDD -> DAC) tslew slew time for analog output from 10 to 90% for a voltage step of 1 V note 2 code 010000 <-> 110000 − Notes 1. DC/DC converter configured with inductor of L = 470 µH, SRL = 5 Ω, input capacitance of Ci = 4.7 µF, ESR = 0.5 Ω, VDD output capacitor Co = 4.7 µF, ESR = 0.5 Ω, RBAT < 1 Ω. 2. This parameter is not tested during production; it is guaranteed by design. 3. This parameter depends on external components. 4. At high load or low battery voltage the inductor charge time can be extended to a full XTL1 period, while the minimum inductor discharge time is a half XTL1 period. 5. The execution time is strongly dependant on command type and addressing mode (see also Table 60). 1998 Nov 02 86 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 ALE, PSEN cycle 3T 4T 5T 6T 0T 1T 2T 3T 4T 5T 6T .... nT ALE tCE PSEN variable execute time P0 DATA input P2 AH driven sample P0 sample P0 instruction execution cycle T AL driven DATA input AH driven T being the half period of the internal 6 MHz oscillator for normal external access and of TCLK for emulation, programming and test modes. The minimum duration of one cycle is 6T. It can be extended by increments of [0 to n]T if the execution of an instruction needs more time (dependant of VDD, T, Temperature, Opcode). Execution of an op-code goes in parallel with the external access cycle for the next sequential byte. Eventually an already fetched byte is discarded depending on the executed instruction (e.g. any jump or return). MGR161 Fig.46 External access timing. 12 CHARACTERISTIC CURVES MGR144 3 handbook, full pagewidth IBAT (mA) 2 (1) (2) 1 0 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 MIPS VBAT = 1.2 V. (1) DC/DC converter in normal mode. (2) DC/DC converter in standby mode. Fig.47 Measured battery current consumption as function of mean microcontroller instruction rate. 1998 Nov 02 87 2 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 MGR145 10 handbook, full pagewidth IBAT (mA) (1) 1 (2) 10−1 10−2 (3) 10−3 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2 MIPS VBAT = 1.2 V. (1) DC/DC converter in normal mode. (2) DC/DC converter in standby mode. (3) DC/DC converter in off mode. Fig.48 Measured battery current consumption as function of mean microcontroller instruction rate. MGR147 MGR146 50 10 handbook, halfpage handbook, halfpage (µA) (µA) IBAT IBAT 8 40 6 30 4 20 2 10 0 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 0 0.8 1.6 VBAT (V) VDD = VBAT, microcontroller idle, all functions disabled. 1.2 1.4 1.6 VBAT (V) VDD = 1.9 V, microcontroller idle, all functions disabled. Fig.49 Supply current in off mode. 1998 Nov 02 1 Fig.50 Supply current in standby mode. 88 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 MGR148 200 handbook, halfpage IBAT (µA) 160 120 80 40 0 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 VBAT (V) VDD = 2.2 V, microcontroller idle, all functions disabled. Note: This curve cannot be directly measured by varying VBAT, because the shown current is the battery current in discontinuous mode. Changing the battery voltage can force the DC/DC converter to enter continuous mode. At a given battery voltage a mode change from continuous to discontinuous mode happens only after a load reduction. Fig.51 Supply current in normal mode. MGR150 MGR149 3 3 handbook, halfpage handbook, halfpage IBAT MIPS (mA) 2 2 1 1 0 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 0 0.8 1.6 VBAT (V) 1.2 1.4 1.6 VBAT (V) VDD = 1.9 V, microcontroller running at maximum speed. VDD = 1.9 V, microcontroller running at approximately 1.6 MIPS, all other functions disabled. Fig.53 CPU speed performance with DC/DC in standby mode. Fig.52 Supply current in standby mode. 1998 Nov 02 1 89 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 MGR349 MGR152 1000 4 handbook, halfpage handbook, halfpage IBAT MIPS/W (mA) 800 3 600 2 400 1 200 0 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 0 0.8 1.6 VBAT (V) VDD = 1.9 V, microcontroller running at maximum speed. 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 VBAT (V) VDD = 2.2 V, microcontroller running at approximately 2 MIPS, all other functions disabled. Fig.54 Overall power/speed performance with DC/DC in standby mode. Fig.55 Supply current in normal mode. MGR154 MGR153 800 3 handbook, halfpage handbook, halfpage MIPS/W MIPS 600 2 400 1 200 0 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 0 0.8 1.6 VBAT (V) 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 VBAT (V) VDD = 2.2 V, microcontroller running at maximum speed. VDD = 2.2 V, microcontroller running at maximum speed. Fig.56 CPU speed performance with DC/DC converter in normal mode. Fig.57 Overall power/speed performance with DC/DC converter in normal mode. 1998 Nov 02 90 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 MGR155 4 MGR156 0 handbook, halfpage handbook, halfpage MIPS (µA) Ii pull-up current −20 3 −40 2 −60 1 −80 hold current 0 1.8 −100 2.2 2.6 3 3.4 3.8 VDD (V) 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2 2.4 Vi (V) Fig.58 Speed performance PCA5010 when VDD is externally supplied (DC/DC converter not used). Fig.59 Typical impedance characteristic of standard port in input mode. MGR157 200 0 MGR158 0 handbook, halfpage I handbook, halfpage OH (mA) −4 Ii (µA) (1) 100 −8 (2) −12 0 −16 −100 −20 −200 −24 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2 2.4 (3) 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 Vi (V) 2 2.4 VOH (V) (1) Pins P0.X, P1.X, P2.X, PSEN and EA. (2) Pins RESOUT and ALE. (3) Pins P3.X and AT. Fig.61 Typical output characteristics driven HIGH (digital output/port pins except P1.6 and P1.7). Fig.60 Typical impedance characteristic of EA pin in input mode. 1998 Nov 02 91 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 MGR159 24 OL (mA) 20 MGR160 24 o (mA) 20 handbook, halfpage I handbook, I halfpage 16 16 (1) 12 12 (2) 8 8 (3) 4 4 0 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 0 2 2.4 VOL (V) 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2 2.4 Vo (V) (1) Pins P3.X and AT. (2) Pins RESOUT and ALE. (3) Pins P0.X, P1.X, P2.X, PSEN and EA. Fig.62 Typical output characteristics LOW (digital output/port pins except P1.6 and P1.7). 1998 Nov 02 Fig.63 Typical output characteristics LOW for P1.6 and P1.7. 92 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 13 TEST AND APPLICATION INFORMATION IBAT handbook, full pagewidth VDD 10 µF 76.8 kHz VBAT 48 P0.0 38 37 1 36 2 35 3 34 4 33 5 32 6 31 PCA5010H 7 30 8 29 9 28 10 27 11 26 12 25 P0.1 13 14 15 16 4.7 µF P1.6 P1.7 XTL2 XTL1 VBAT VDD(DC) VIND VSS(DC) RESETIN RESOUT 4.7 kΩ 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 VPP TCLK EA PSEN ALE VDD VSS P1.4 P1.3 P1.2 P1.1 P1.0 24 P0.7 P2.7 39 P0.6 P2.6 40 P0.5 P2.5 41 VSSA P2.4 42 Q(D0) P2.3 43 I(D1) P2.2 44 AFCOUT P2.1 4.7 kΩ 2 MΩ VDDA P2.0 45 P0.4 AT 46 P0.3 P3.5 47 P0.2 P3.4 P3.2 P3.3 10 kΩ IDD VDD MGR347 Fig.64 Test circuit for current measurements with external VDD supply. 1998 Nov 02 93 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 VDD handbook, full pagewidth 10 µF 76.8 kHz VBAT 48 P0.0 P1.6 XTL2 XTL1 VBAT VDD(DC) VIND VSS(DC) RESETIN RESOUT P1.7 38 37 36 2 35 3 34 4 33 5 32 6 31 PCA5010H 7 30 8 29 9 28 10 27 11 26 12 25 P0.1 13 14 15 16 4.7 µF 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 VPP TCLK EA PSEN ALE VDD VSS P1.4 P1.3 P1.2 P1.1 P1.0 24 P0.7 P2.7 39 P0.6 P2.6 40 P0.5 P2.5 41 VSSA P2.4 42 Q(D0) P2.3 43 I(D1) P2.2 44 AFCOUT P2.1 4.7 kΩ 2 MΩ VDDA P2.0 45 P0.4 AT 46 P0.3 P3.5 47 4.7 kΩ 1 P0.2 P3.4 P3.2 P3.3 10 kΩ 470 µH MGR348 Fig.65 Test circuit for current measurements with on-chip DC/DC converter active. 1998 Nov 02 94 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 14 APPENDIX 1: SPECIAL MODES OF THE PCA5010 14.3 14.1 The test modes of the PCA5010 are used during the production test of the circuit. Test modes are not intended to be used by customers except test mode 2, the demodulator and clock recovery test mode. Overview During the rising edge of the external RESOUT signal, the state of the pins ALE, PSEN, EA and P2.X is sampled and stored. The following decoding (ALE, PSEN and P2) is used to force the PCA5010 into different operating modes: Test mode 2 may be used by customers for BER measurements in closed-loop systems. The following application diagram (see Fig.66) shows an application which enters this mode during start-up. After the test mode is entered the PCA5010 starts execution of code from the internal program memory. This code must enable the demodulator and clock recovery in the required modes. If the microcontroller is requested to make port I/O, then a frequency of approximately 6 MHz with VDD level needs to be supplied at the TCLK pin. [1, 1, X] → RUN mode [0, 1, X] → EMUlation modes (for P2 decoding refer to Metalink documents) [1, 0, Y] → test mode, submode Y [0, 0, X] → OTP parallel programming mode. The customer will usually only see the normal RUN mode. 14.2 OTP parallel programming mode The OTP parallel programming mode is used to access the on-chip OTP directly from the device pins for programming and verification. The OTP parallel programming mode and its initialization are explained in detail in Chapter 15. 1998 Nov 02 Test modes 95 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 10 µF 76.8 kHz VBAT 4.7 kΩ 48 P2.7 P0.0 VDD(DC) XTL2 XTL1 VBAT VIND VSS(DC) RESETIN RESOUT P1.7 38 37 36 2 35 3 34 4 33 5 32 6 31 PCA5010H 7 30 8 29 9 28 10 27 11 26 12 25 P0.1 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 VPP TCLK EA PSEN 2.2 kΩ ALE VDD VSS P1.4 P1.3 P1.2 P1.1 P1.0 24 P0.7 P2.6 39 P0.6 P2.5 40 P0.5 P2.4 41 VSSA P2.3 42 recovered D1 recovered D0 Q(D0) 2.2 kΩ P2.2 43 I(D1) 2.2 kΩ 44 AFCOUT P2.1 2 MΩ VDDA P2.0 45 P0.4 2.2 kΩ AT 46 P0.3 P3.5 recovered symbol clock 47 4.7 kΩ 1 P0.2 P3.4 P3.2 P3.3 10 kΩ P1.6 handbook, full pagewidth 2.2 V I and Q supplied from receiver MGR350 The OTP must contain code that enables the demodulator and clock recovery in the desired operating modes. Fig.66 Application diagram for entering the demodulator test mode after reset. 1998 Nov 02 96 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 15 APPENDIX 2: THE PARALLEL PROGRAMMING MODE 15.1 15.2 The PCA5010 is packaged in a LQFP48 package. Port 0 and Port 2 are available for programming. To program the OTP of the PCA5010, multiplexing of addresses and data is necessary. Port 0 is a bidirectional data port, used for the memory addresses and the program and verify data. Port 2 is an input port which controls the parallel programming mode. A coarse block diagram of the OTP interface in parallel programming mode is given in Fig.67. Introduction This document describes the parallel programming mode of the PCA5010. Parallel programming mode is the mode where the OTP is programmed by an EPROM programmer or by a tester. handbook, full pagewidth (80C51) General description OTPIF (OTP) ADD DO ADDR DI normal mode OTP INTERFACE DO CTRL CONTROL parallel programming mode TEST CONTROL ADDL LATCH ADDH LATCH CONTROL LOGIC P2 P0 MGR163 Fig.67 The OTP interface in parallel programming mode. 1998 Nov 02 97 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 15.2.1 PCA5010 SIGNALS FOR THE PARALLEL PROGRAMMING MODE In this configuration, the following signals are necessary to program the OTP: Table 63 Pins for programming mode OTP PIN TYPE EPROM PIN DESCRIPTION VPP supply VPP programming voltage VDD supply VDD positive supply GND supply GND negative supply P0.7 to P0.0 IO A<14:0> address Q<7:0> data-output I<7:0> data-input PS<2:0> security bits input COMMENTS special pin/logic signal not time critical 32 kbytes addresses available connected to P0.2 to P0.0 pins QS<2:0> security bits output P2.0/LS0 input − latch select 0 P2.1/LS1 input − latch select 1 P2.2/PGM input − programming mode P2.3/RdStrb input CEP/MBPC read/strobe read enable clock (CEP) when PGM = 0; strobe for the latches when PGM = 1 GB output enable not/ Mult.BProg Not read EPROM and set P0 as output; multiple byte programming when PGM = 1 P2.4/GBMbpB input latch select signals, see Table 64 P2.5/WEB input WEB write enable not programs data if VPP is present P2.6/SEC input SEC select security bits see Section 15.10 P2.7/SIG input SIG read signature bytes see Section 15.9 The control signals GBMbpB, PGM, LS1 and LS0 can be used to select the latches of the interface block and the internal data latches of the OTP. Table 64 shows how the latches are selected. RdStrb is used to open the selected latch. If PGM is not active the RdSTrb signal is used to start the OTP read cycle. Table 64 Latch selection P2.4/GBMbpB P2.2/PGM P2.1/LS1 P2.1/LS0 X 0 X X no latches selected 1 1 0 0 select test control latch X 1 0 1 select lower address latch X 1 1 0 select upper address latch 0 1 1 1 select internal data latch in multi byte programming mode 1998 Nov 02 98 DESCRIPTION Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 handbook, full pagewidth PROGRAMMER PCA5010 ADDL/ADDH/DATA I/O P0.0 to P0.7 LS0 P2.0 LS1 P2.1 PGM P2.2 RdStrb P2.3 GBMbpB P2.4 WEB P2.5 SIG P2.6 SEC P2.7 MIN PSEN MOUT2 ALE MOUT1 EA RESETN VDD VSS RESETIN VDD, VDDA, VDD(DC), VBAT VSS, VSSA, VSS(DC) VPP VPP CLOCK TCLK, XTL1 MGR351 Fig.68 Parallel programming mode. 15.3 The test mode is activated by making EA equal to logic 1. The mode entering sequence is given in Table 65. Entering the parallel programming mode The parallel programming mode has been implemented as a general test mode of the PCA5010. This mode can be entered by applying 000 to pins PSEN, ALE, and EA during reset. For the initializing sequence a clock of 76.8 kHz at XTL1 is expected and the supply voltage VDD must be higher then 2.2 V. At the rising edge of RESOUT these signals are latched and the code 000 leads to parallel programming mode. The high voltage pin VPP can be either HIGH or VDD. Before entering the parallel program mode Port 2 can be an output port (dependent on the reset configuration of this port). As soon as the parallel programmed mode is entered Port 2 is an input. After entering the parallel programming mode this mode has to be initialized. The OTP test latch has to be loaded with code 01H to set the sense amplifiers in verify mode. Before a byte can be programmed a verify has to be performed to check if programming is not blocked by the security (see Section 15.10). The address of this verify cycle is not important and the address latches do not have to be loaded. After this initialization the PCA5010 is ready for programming. Parallel program initialization is shown in Fig.71. Since PSEN and ALE are output signals of the PCA5010 after reset, a pull-down (strong enough to overdrive the internal 100 µA pull-up of the PCA5010) should be used to drive the outputs LOW. Alternatively the LOW can be driven with a 3-state buffer which is enabled with RESOUT = LOW. The security check can be replaced by another read action e.g reading the security or signature bytes (see Section 15.9). The microcontroller fetches instructions from Port 0 in external mode. Data fetching is controlled by PSEN and ALE. This is the standard data fetch in external mode. A clock has to be supplied to TCLK while entering the parallel programming mode. Before entering the parallel programming mode, Port 2 should be set to 30H and the microcontroller should be put in Idle mode by setting the bit PCON.0 (address 87H). 1998 Nov 02 It should be noted that this paragraph is only applicable for the first series. It can be neglected in the future. To prevent problems with the self timed loop it is advised to set the circuit in DC read mode during verify. This is achieved by writing 09H instead of 01H into the OTP test latch. 99 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 Table 65 Entering the parallel programming mode; note 1 PINS PSEN, ALE AND EA RESETIN RESOUT PORT 0 000 1 0 xx reset 000 0 0 xx 259 or more slow clocks at XTL1 000 0 0→1 xx prepare parallel programming mode, enter external access mode, now clocks must be provided on TCLK zz0 0 1 02 LJMP 3000H zz0 0 1 30 force P2 to 30H zz0 0 1 00 zz0 0 1 00 discard fetch cycle zz0 0 1 75 MOV PCON, 01H zz0 0 1 87 make microcontroller idle zz0 0 1 01 zz0 0 1 01 discard fetch cycle zz1 0 1 xx parallel programming mode active DESCRIPTION Note 1. z = pin is output. ALE, PSEN cycle h 3T 4T 5T 6T 0T 1T 2T 3T 4T 5T 6T .... nT ALE tCE PSEN variable execute time P0 DATA input P2 AH driven sample P0 sample P0 instruction execution cycle T AL driven DATA input T being the half period of the clock signal supplied to TCLK. The minimum duration of one cycle is 6T. It can be extended by increments of [0 to n]T if the execution of an instruction needs more time (dependant of VDD, T, Temperature, Opcode). Execution of an op-code goes in parallel with the external access cycle for the next sequential byte. Eventually an already fetched byte is discarded depending on the executed instruction (e.g. any jump or return). AH driven MGR165 Fig.69 External access timing for programming mode entry. 1998 Nov 02 100 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 dummy fetch cycles, will be discarded handbook, full pagewidth 00 P2 P0 00 02 30 00 00 00 XX 30 75 30 30 87 01 30 30 XX ALE PSEN EA RESOUT ALE, PSEN latched RESETIN minimum 259 clocks on XTL1 (f < 100 kHz) clocking on TCLK(1) (f = 500 kHz) mode entry microcontroller idle parallel programming mode See Fig.8. MGR166 Fig.70 Program mode entry. set verify check mode security VDD = 12.5 to 13 V handbook, full pagewidth initialization ready VPP P0.7 to P0.0 01H XX P2.1/LS0 P2.0/LS1 P2.2/PGM P2.3/RdStrb P2.5/WEB MGR167 Fig.71 Parallel program mode initialization. 1998 Nov 02 101 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 15.4 PCA5010 Address space The PCA5010 has a 32 kbytes memory and therefore 15 address pins. Applying an address above 32 kbytes (address<15> = 1) leads to the selection of the extra rows. The user should not apply these addresses during programming. 15.5 Single byte programming The address latch control signals select the proper latch and the RdStrb signal opens the latch (level sensitive). The order of loading the latches is not important. The data is latched if write enable bar becomes active. After programming a byte, this byte can be verified without reloading the addresses. If more bytes are programmed after each other having the same upper address, it is not necessary to reload this upper address. Programming and verifying is shown in Fig.72. The upper and lower address byte are loaded one after the other. handbook, full pagewidth Addr/data set-up program verify VDD = 12.5 to 13 V VPP P0.0 to P0.7 Addr high Addr low Data in Data out P2.1/LS1 P2.0/LS0 P2.2/PGM P2.3/RdStrb 100 µs P2.5/WEB P2.4/GBMbpB MGR168 Fig.72 Single byte programming mode. 15.6 Multiple byte programming A multiple byte programming mode has been implemented to increase programming speed. In this mode four bytes can be programmed in parallel. The addresses of these four bytes have to be equal except for bit 0 and bit 1. Loading the address and data latches is enabled by making PGM HIGH and GBMbpB LOW at the same time. Figure 73 shows the address and data set-up and the 1998 Nov 02 program pulse. Loading the upper address is only necessary if it differs from the upper address of the previous quadruple of bytes. In this mode the data latches are controlled by the RdStrb signal (level sensitive). Figure 74 shows the verification in this mode. It should be noted that data 3 is verified before data 0. If this is unwanted the lower address byte of data 0 has to be loaded before verifying data 0 and the lower address byte of data 1 before verifying data 1. 102 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 Addr/data_0 to data_1 set-up handbook, full pagewidth program VDD = 12.5 to 13 V VPP Addr high P0.0 to P0.7 Addr Lo0 DI_0 Addr Lo1 DI_1 Addr Lo2 DI_2 Addr Lo3 DI_3 P2.1/LL1 P2.0/LL0 P2.2/PGM P2.3/RdStrb P2.5/WEB P2.4/GBMbpB MGR169 Fig.73 Multiple byte programming mode (address and data load, programming pulse). verify handbook, full pagewidth VDD = 12.5 to 13 V VPP P0.7 to P0.0 DO_3 Addr Lo2 DO_2 Addr Lo1 DO_1 Addr Lo0 DO_0 P2.0/LL1 P2.1/LL0 P2.2/PGM P2.3/RdStrb P2.5/WEB P2.4/GBMbpB MGR170 Fig.74 Multiple byte programming mode (verify). 1998 Nov 02 103 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 15.7 High voltage timing The external program voltage VPP has to be HIGH while a program pulse is applied (WEB active). During verify it can be either high or equal to the supply voltage. VPP has to be stable for at least 10 µs before a program pulse can be applied. After applying a program pulse a recover time of 1 µs is needed to discharge the internal high voltage nodes. During this recover time the memory cannot be accessed for verify. Due to the above mentioned setup time programming time is reduced if VPP is continuously HIGH during programming and verifying. 15.8 OTP test modes OTP test modes will be selected from a test control latch which can be loaded in parallel programming over Port 0. The advantage of this is that the test modes of the OTP are independent of the microcontroller. Table 66 shows the OTP test modes coded in 7 bits. When a test mode is loaded the control signals on Port 2 keep their original functionality and can be used to execute the test mode. PCA5010 The encoding is such that combinations of test modes are possible, for instance TCB(7 to 0) = 00001100 enables both the margin VP and DC_Read test modes. The so called vt mode, needed to measure analog cell characteristics, can be entered by making both P2.6/SIG and P2.7/SEC active. During normal programming this mode should not be entered therefore it is forbidden to make P2.6/SIG and P2.7/SEC HIGH at the same time. 15.8.1 MASS PROGRAM MODE The mass program mode can be used to program checker boards. If this mode is active every internal data latch is connected to four bit lines and 128 bits can be programmed in parallel. To write a checker board 0011X0XX has to be loaded in the test register and the circuit has to be set in parallel program mode (P2.2/PGM = 1 and P2.4/GBMbpB = 0). Then data from address 00H is loaded to address 00 03H down to 00 00H. For every even word line (A<6> = 0) a program pulse has to be given at low addresses X0000000 and X0001000. For the odd lines (A<6> = 1) the pulses have to be applied to low address X1000100 and X1001100. In the user address space a checker board can be programmed with 320 × 2 = 640 program pulses. Table 66 Definition of test modes TCL(7 to 0) 00000000 TEST MODE normal mode (no test active) XXXXXX01 verify mode (self timed) XXXXXX10 margin 0 mode XXXXXX11 margin 1 mode XXXXX1XX margin VP mode is active XXXX1XXX DC_Read mode is active X001XXXX drain stress test mode X010XXXX gate stress test mode X011XXXX mass programming test mode X100XXXX even column test mode X101XXXX odd column test mode X110XXXX even row test mode X111XXXX odd row test mode 1XXXXXXX OTP interface test 1998 Nov 02 15.9 Signature bytes Three signature bytes are available to identify the device. These bytes can be read by doing a verify while the SIG input (Port 2.6) is active. The contents of the signature bytes is given in Table 67. Applying a write pulse while the SIG input is HIGH is forbidden although the contents of the signature bytes will never be destroyed. The signature bytes are always readable independent on the security. Table 67 Addresses and contents of the signature bytes 104 ADDRESS CONTENTS 00 30H 15H 00 31H D9H 00 60H H0h Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller 15.10 Security To prevent programming or reading of EPROM contents by third parties security can be set by programming the security bits. These bits are located outside the normal memory matrix and have input and output lines separated from the normal OTP I/Os. Three bits are present, but only two are actually used. The third bit can be used for future extensions. Different levels of security can be set by programming one or more bits. The bits are read in parallel at every read cycle and interpreted with the following definition: • Level 0, bits 000, no security, no restrictions • Level 1, bits 001, program disabled • Level 2, bits 011, program and verify disabled. The third security may be programmed without affecting the functionality. However only the combinations 000, 001, 011 and 111 are possible. After reset security Level 1 is loaded. To enable programming a read or verify (GB pulse not necessary) is needed to check the actual security level. The security bits can be programmed the same as normal bits. The bits have to be supplied to the three least significant bits of Port 0. 1998 Nov 02 PCA5010 The SEC bit of Port 2 (bit 7) has to be HIGH during the program cycle. Loading an address is not necessary. If Port 2.7/SEC is HIGH during verify, the security bits can be read on the three least significant bits of Port 0. After programming 011 to the security bits only the security bits and the signature bytes can be verified and verifying the normal addresses is not possible any more. Verifying a normal address while security Level 2 has been programmed will result in reading 00H. The programming time for the security bits is 200 µs instead of 100 µs for a normal bit. This extra time can be reached by applying one 200 µs program pulse or by applying two standard pulses. Although in this OTP an unprogrammed cell is a logic 1 and a programmed cell is a logic 0, a logic 1 has to be programmed to increase the security level. The inversion is performed by the interface block. Since the security is checked at every read or verify access, verifying is disabled immediately after programming security Level 2. Programming is disabled if a verify or a reset is applied after programming security Level 1 or higher. 105 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 P1.6 P1.7 XTL2 XTL1 VBAT VDD(DC) VIND VSS(DC) RESOUT P3.2 P3.3 handbook, full pagewidth RESETIN 16 APPENDIX 3: OS SHEET 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 P3.4 P3.5 AT P2.0 P2.1 P2.2 P2.3 P2.4 P2.5 P2.6 P2.7 P0.0 1 2 36 3 35 VBAT 4 5 34 33 VPP 6 32 7 31 8 30 9 29 10 28 11 27 12 26 substrate VSS 25 VDD 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 P0.7 P0.6 P0.5 VSSA Q(D0) I(D1) AFCOUT VDDA P0.4 P0.3 P0.2 P0.1 MGR171 Fig.75 Open/short-circuit diagram for PCA5010. 1998 Nov 02 106 VPP TCLK EA PSEN ALE VDD VSS P1.4 P1.3 P1.2 P1.1 P1.0 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 17 APPENDIX 4: BONDING PAD LOCATIONS handbook, full pagewidth 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 1 2 3 4 5 6 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 4.44 mm PCA5010 7 8 9 10 11 12 30 29 28 27 26 25 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 4.06 mm MGR352 Fig.76 Bonding pad locations. Table 68 Bonding pad locations (dimensions in µm) PAD NAME BOND PIN CENTRE x BOND PIN CENTRE y PAD SIZE x, y 1 P3.4 91.0 3930.0 87.0 2 P3.5 91.0 3770.0 87.0 3 AT 91.0 3600.0 87.0 4 P2.0 91.0 3430.0 87.0 5 P2.1 91.0 3260.0 87.0 6 P2.2 91.0 3090.0 87.0 7 P2.3 91.0 1240.0 87.0 8 P2.4 91.0 1060.0 87.0 9 P2.5 91.0 880.0 87.0 1998 Nov 02 107 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 PAD NAME BOND PIN CENTRE x BOND PIN CENTRE y PAD SIZE x, y 10 P2.6 91.0 700.0 87.0 11 P2.7 91.0 520.0 87.0 12 P0.0 91.0 340.0 87.0 13 P0.1 420.0 91.0 87.0 14 P0.2 630.0 91.0 87.0 15 P0.3 842.0 91.0 87.0 16 P0.4 1055.0 91.0 87.0 17 VDDA 2170.0 91.0 87.0 18 AFCOUT 2392.5 91.0 87.0 19 I(D1) 2595.0 91.0 87.0 20 Q(D0) 2795.0 91.0 87.0 21 VSSA 2997.5 91.0 87.0 22 P0.5 3195.0 91.0 87.0 23 P0.6 3392.5 91.0 87.0 24 P0.7 3590.0 91.0 87.0 25 P1.0 3827.2 410.0 87.0 26 P1.1 3827.2 620.0 87.0 27 P1.2 3827.2 830.0 87.0 28 P1.3 3 827.2 1040.0 87.0 29 P1.4 3827.2 1217.5 87.0 30 VSS 3827.2 1377.5 87.0 31 VDD 3827.2 2417.5 87.0 32 ALE 3827.2 2580.0 87.0 33 PSEN 3827.2 2890.0 87.0 34 EA 3827.2 3200.0 87.0 35 TCLK 3827.2 3510.0 87.0 36 VPP 3827.2 3820.0 87.0 37 P1.6 3383.1 4231.5 87.0 38 P1.7 3079.6 4231.5 87.0 39 XTL2 2743.4 4231.5 87.0 40 XTL1 2364.1 4231.5 87.0 41 VBAT 1964.5 4231.5 87.0 42 PowerPads 1550.0 4231.5 84.0 43 PowerPads 1310.0 4231.5 84.0 44 PowerPads 1190.0 4231.5 87.0 45 RESETIN 953.2 4231.5 87.0 46 RESOUT 766.2 4231.5 87.0 47 P3.2 579.2 4231.5 87.0 48 P3.3 392.2 4231.5 87.0 1998 Nov 02 108 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 18 PACKAGE OUTLINE LQFP48: plastic low profile quad flat package; 48 leads; body 7 x 7 x 1.4 mm SOT313-2 c y X 36 25 A 37 24 ZE e E HE A A2 (A 3) A1 w M pin 1 index θ bp Lp L 13 48 detail X 12 1 ZD e v M A w M bp D B HD v M B 0 2.5 5 mm scale DIMENSIONS (mm are the original dimensions) UNIT A max. A1 A2 A3 bp c D (1) E (1) e HD HE L Lp v w y mm 1.60 0.20 0.05 1.45 1.35 0.25 0.27 0.17 0.18 0.12 7.1 6.9 7.1 6.9 0.5 9.15 8.85 9.15 8.85 1.0 0.75 0.45 0.2 0.12 0.1 Z D (1) Z E (1) θ 0.95 0.55 7 0o 0.95 0.55 o Note 1. Plastic or metal protrusions of 0.25 mm maximum per side are not included. OUTLINE VERSION REFERENCES IEC JEDEC EIAJ ISSUE DATE 94-12-19 97-08-01 SOT313-2 1998 Nov 02 EUROPEAN PROJECTION 109 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller If wave soldering cannot be avoided, for LQFP packages with a pitch (e) larger than 0.5 mm, the following conditions must be observed: 19 SOLDERING 19.1 Introduction There is no soldering method that is ideal for all IC packages. Wave soldering is often preferred when through-hole and surface mounted components are mixed on one printed-circuit board. However, wave soldering is not always suitable for surface mounted ICs, or for printed-circuits with high population densities. In these situations reflow soldering is often used. This text gives a very brief insight to a complex technology. A more in-depth account of soldering ICs can be found in our “Data Handbook IC26; Integrated Circuit Packages” (order code 9398 652 90011). 19.2 Reflow soldering Reflow soldering techniques are suitable for all LQFP packages. Reflow soldering requires solder paste (a suspension of fine solder particles, flux and binding agent) to be applied to the printed-circuit board by screen printing, stencilling or pressure-syringe dispensing before package placement. Several methods exist for reflowing; for example, infrared/convection heating in a conveyor type oven. Throughput times (preheating, soldering and cooling) vary between 50 and 300 seconds depending on heating method. Typical reflow peak temperatures range from 215 to 250 °C. 19.3 PCA5010 Wave soldering • A double-wave (a turbulent wave with high upward pressure followed by a smooth laminar wave) soldering technique should be used. • The footprint must be at an angle of 45° to the board direction and must incorporate solder thieves downstream and at the side corners. During placement and before soldering, the package must be fixed with a droplet of adhesive. The adhesive can be applied by screen printing, pin transfer or syringe dispensing. The package can be soldered after the adhesive is cured. Maximum permissible solder temperature is 260 °C, and maximum duration of package immersion in solder is 10 seconds, if cooled to less than 150 °C within 6 seconds. Typical dwell time is 4 seconds at 250 °C. A mildly-activated flux will eliminate the need for removal of corrosive residues in most applications. 19.4 Fix the component by first soldering two diagonallyopposite end leads. Use only a low voltage soldering iron (less than 24 V) applied to the flat part of the lead. Contact time must be limited to 10 seconds at up to 300 °C. When using a dedicated tool, all other leads can be soldered in one operation within 2 to 5 seconds between 270 and 320 °C. Wave soldering is not recommended for LQFP packages. This is because of the likelihood of solder bridging due to closely-spaced leads and the possibility of incomplete solder penetration in multi-lead devices. CAUTION Wave soldering is NOT applicable for all LQFP packages with a pitch (e) equal or less than 0.5 mm. 1998 Nov 02 Repairing soldered joints 110 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Pager baseband controller PCA5010 20 DEFINITIONS Data sheet status Objective specification This data sheet contains target or goal specifications for product development. Preliminary specification This data sheet contains preliminary data; supplementary data may be published later. Product specification This data sheet contains final product specifications. Limiting values Limiting values given are in accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 134). Stress above one or more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or at any other conditions above those given in the Characteristics sections of the specification is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended periods may affect device reliability. Application information Where application information is given, it is advisory and does not form part of the specification. 21 LIFE SUPPORT APPLICATIONS These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices, or systems where malfunction of these products can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Philips customers using or selling these products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Philips for any damages resulting from such improper use or sale. 22 PURCHASE OF PHILIPS I2C COMPONENTS Purchase of Philips I2C components conveys a license under the Philips’ I2C patent to use the components in the I2C system provided the system conforms to the I2C specification defined by Philips. This specification can be ordered using the code 9398 393 40011. 1998 Nov 02 111 Philips Semiconductors – a worldwide company Argentina: see South America Australia: 34 Waterloo Road, NORTH RYDE, NSW 2113, Tel. +61 2 9805 4455, Fax. +61 2 9805 4466 Austria: Computerstr. 6, A-1101 WIEN, P.O. Box 213, Tel. +43 160 1010, Fax. +43 160 101 1210 Belarus: Hotel Minsk Business Center, Bld. 3, r. 1211, Volodarski Str. 6, 220050 MINSK, Tel. +375 172 200 733, Fax. +375 172 200 773 Belgium: see The Netherlands Brazil: see South America Bulgaria: Philips Bulgaria Ltd., Energoproject, 15th floor, 51 James Bourchier Blvd., 1407 SOFIA, Tel. +359 2 689 211, Fax. +359 2 689 102 Canada: PHILIPS SEMICONDUCTORS/COMPONENTS, Tel. +1 800 234 7381 China/Hong Kong: 501 Hong Kong Industrial Technology Centre, 72 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, HONG KONG, Tel. +852 2319 7888, Fax. +852 2319 7700 Colombia: see South America Czech Republic: see Austria Denmark: Prags Boulevard 80, PB 1919, DK-2300 COPENHAGEN S, Tel. +45 32 88 2636, Fax. +45 31 57 0044 Finland: Sinikalliontie 3, FIN-02630 ESPOO, Tel. +358 9 615800, Fax. +358 9 61580920 France: 51 Rue Carnot, BP317, 92156 SURESNES Cedex, Tel. +33 1 40 99 6161, Fax. +33 1 40 99 6427 Germany: Hammerbrookstraße 69, D-20097 HAMBURG, Tel. +49 40 23 53 60, Fax. +49 40 23 536 300 Greece: No. 15, 25th March Street, GR 17778 TAVROS/ATHENS, Tel. +30 1 4894 339/239, Fax. +30 1 4814 240 Hungary: see Austria India: Philips INDIA Ltd, Band Box Building, 2nd floor, 254-D, Dr. Annie Besant Road, Worli, MUMBAI 400 025, Tel. +91 22 493 8541, Fax. +91 22 493 0966 Indonesia: PT Philips Development Corporation, Semiconductors Division, Gedung Philips, Jl. Buncit Raya Kav.99-100, JAKARTA 12510, Tel. +62 21 794 0040 ext. 2501, Fax. +62 21 794 0080 Ireland: Newstead, Clonskeagh, DUBLIN 14, Tel. +353 1 7640 000, Fax. +353 1 7640 200 Israel: RAPAC Electronics, 7 Kehilat Saloniki St, PO Box 18053, TEL AVIV 61180, Tel. +972 3 645 0444, Fax. +972 3 649 1007 Italy: PHILIPS SEMICONDUCTORS, Piazza IV Novembre 3, 20124 MILANO, Tel. +39 2 6752 2531, Fax. +39 2 6752 2557 Japan: Philips Bldg 13-37, Kohnan 2-chome, Minato-ku, TOKYO 108-8507, Tel. +81 3 3740 5130, Fax. +81 3 3740 5077 Korea: Philips House, 260-199 Itaewon-dong, Yongsan-ku, SEOUL, Tel. +82 2 709 1412, Fax. +82 2 709 1415 Malaysia: No. 76 Jalan Universiti, 46200 PETALING JAYA, SELANGOR, Tel. +60 3 750 5214, Fax. +60 3 757 4880 Mexico: 5900 Gateway East, Suite 200, EL PASO, TEXAS 79905, Tel. +9-5 800 234 7381 Middle East: see Italy Netherlands: Postbus 90050, 5600 PB EINDHOVEN, Bldg. VB, Tel. +31 40 27 82785, Fax. +31 40 27 88399 New Zealand: 2 Wagener Place, C.P.O. Box 1041, AUCKLAND, Tel. +64 9 849 4160, Fax. +64 9 849 7811 Norway: Box 1, Manglerud 0612, OSLO, Tel. +47 22 74 8000, Fax. +47 22 74 8341 Pakistan: see Singapore Philippines: Philips Semiconductors Philippines Inc., 106 Valero St. Salcedo Village, P.O. Box 2108 MCC, MAKATI, Metro MANILA, Tel. +63 2 816 6380, Fax. +63 2 817 3474 Poland: Ul. Lukiska 10, PL 04-123 WARSZAWA, Tel. +48 22 612 2831, Fax. +48 22 612 2327 Portugal: see Spain Romania: see Italy Russia: Philips Russia, Ul. Usatcheva 35A, 119048 MOSCOW, Tel. +7 095 755 6918, Fax. +7 095 755 6919 Singapore: Lorong 1, Toa Payoh, SINGAPORE 319762, Tel. +65 350 2538, Fax. +65 251 6500 Slovakia: see Austria Slovenia: see Italy South Africa: S.A. PHILIPS Pty Ltd., 195-215 Main Road Martindale, 2092 JOHANNESBURG, P.O. Box 7430 Johannesburg 2000, Tel. +27 11 470 5911, Fax. +27 11 470 5494 South America: Al. Vicente Pinzon, 173, 6th floor, 04547-130 SÃO PAULO, SP, Brazil, Tel. +55 11 821 2333, Fax. +55 11 821 2382 Spain: Balmes 22, 08007 BARCELONA, Tel. +34 93 301 6312, Fax. +34 93 301 4107 Sweden: Kottbygatan 7, Akalla, S-16485 STOCKHOLM, Tel. +46 8 5985 2000, Fax. +46 8 5985 2745 Switzerland: Allmendstrasse 140, CH-8027 ZÜRICH, Tel. +41 1 488 2741 Fax. +41 1 488 3263 Taiwan: Philips Semiconductors, 6F, No. 96, Chien Kuo N. Rd., Sec. 1, TAIPEI, Taiwan Tel. +886 2 2134 2865, Fax. +886 2 2134 2874 Thailand: PHILIPS ELECTRONICS (THAILAND) Ltd., 209/2 Sanpavuth-Bangna Road Prakanong, BANGKOK 10260, Tel. +66 2 745 4090, Fax. +66 2 398 0793 Turkey: Talatpasa Cad. No. 5, 80640 GÜLTEPE/ISTANBUL, Tel. +90 212 279 2770, Fax. +90 212 282 6707 Ukraine: PHILIPS UKRAINE, 4 Patrice Lumumba str., Building B, Floor 7, 252042 KIEV, Tel. +380 44 264 2776, Fax. +380 44 268 0461 United Kingdom: Philips Semiconductors Ltd., 276 Bath Road, Hayes, MIDDLESEX UB3 5BX, Tel. +44 181 730 5000, Fax. +44 181 754 8421 United States: 811 East Arques Avenue, SUNNYVALE, CA 94088-3409, Tel. +1 800 234 7381 Uruguay: see South America Vietnam: see Singapore Yugoslavia: PHILIPS, Trg N. Pasica 5/v, 11000 BEOGRAD, Tel. +381 11 625 344, Fax.+381 11 635 777 For all other countries apply to: Philips Semiconductors, International Marketing & Sales Communications, Building BE-p, P.O. Box 218, 5600 MD EINDHOVEN, The Netherlands, Fax. +31 40 27 24825 Internet: http://www.semiconductors.philips.com © Philips Electronics N.V. 1998 SCA60 All rights are reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information presented in this document does not form part of any quotation or contract, is believed to be accurate and reliable and may be changed without notice. No liability will be accepted by the publisher for any consequence of its use. Publication thereof does not convey nor imply any license under patent- or other industrial or intellectual property rights. Printed in The Netherlands 435102/00/01/pp112 Date of release: 1998 Nov 02 Document order number: 9397 750 03988