INTEGRATED CIRCUITS DATA SHEET P8xCE598 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN Product specification Supersedes data of 1995 Oct 24 File under Integrated Circuits, IC18 1996 Jun 27 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN CONTENTS 1 FEATURES 2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 2.1 2.2 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Recommendation on ALE 3 ORDERING INFORMATION 4 BLOCK DIAGRAM 5 PINNING 6 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION P8xCE598 14 INTERRUPT SYSTEM 14.1 14.2 14.3 Interrupt Enable and Priority Registers Interrupt Vectors Interrupt Priority 15 POWER REDUCTION MODES 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 Power Control Register (PCON) CAN Sleep Mode Idle Mode Power-down Mode 16 OSCILLATOR CIRCUITRY 17 RESET CIRCUITRY 17.1 Power-on Reset 18 INSTRUCTION SET 18.1 18.2 Addressing Modes Instruction Set 7 MEMORY ORGANIZATION 7.1 7.2 7.3 Program Memory Internal Data Memory External Data Memory 8 I/O PORT STRUCTURE 9 PULSE WIDTH MODULATED OUTPUTS (PWM) 19 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS 20 DC CHARACTERISTICS 9.1 9.2 9.3 Prescaler frequency control register (PWMP) Pulse Width Register 0 (PWM0) Pulse Width Register 1 (PWM1) 21 AC CHARACTERISTICS 22 CAN APPLICATION INFORMATION 10 ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER (ADC) 22.1 22.2 10.1 ADC Control register (ADCON) Latency time requirements Connecting a P8xCE598 to a bus line (physical layer) 11 TIMERS/COUNTERS 23 PACKAGE OUTLINES 11.1 11.2 11.3 Timer 0 and Timer 1 Timer T2 Capture and Compare Logic Watchdog Timer (T3) 24 SOLDERING 12 SERIAL I/O PORT: SIO0 (UART) 13 SERIAL I/O PORT: SIO1 (CAN) 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 Introduction Reflow soldering Wave soldering Repairing soldered joints 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 On-chip CAN-controller CAN Features Interface between CPU and CAN Hardware blocks of the CAN-controller Control Segment and Message Buffer description CAN 2.0A Protocol description 25 DEFINITIONS 26 LIFE SUPPORT APPLICATIONS 13.6 1996 Jun 27 2 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 1 P8xCE598 The P8xCE598 combines the functions of P8XC552 (microcontroller) and the PCA82C200 (Philips CAN-controller) with the following enhanced features: FEATURES • 80C51 central processing unit (CPU) • 32 kbytes on-chip ROM, externally expandible to 64 kbytes • 32 kbytes Program Memory • 2 × 256 bytes Data Memory • 2 × 256 bytes on-chip RAM, externally expandible to 64 kbytes • DMA between CAN Transmit/Receive Buffer and internal RAM. • Two standard 16-bit timers/counters • One additional 16-bit timer/counter coupled to four capture and three compare registers The main differences to the P8xC552 microcontroller are: • 10-bit ADC with 8 multiplexed analog inputs • Additional 256 bytes RAM • Two 8-bit resolution Pulse Width Modulated outputs • A CAN-controller instead of the I2C-serial interface. • 15 interrupt sources with 2 priority levels (2 to 6 external interrupt sources possible) 2.1 • 32 kbytes programmable ROM (P8xC552 has 8 kbytes) • Five 8-bit I/O ports, plus one 8-bit input port shared with analog inputs Primary attention is paid to the reduction of electromagnetic emission of the microcontroller P8xCE598. The following features reduce the electromagnetic emission and additionally improve the electromagnetic susceptibility: • CAN-controller (CAN = Controller Area Network) with DMA data transfer facility to internal RAM • 1 Mbit/s CAN-controller with bus failure management facility • One analog part power supply pin (AVDD) and one analog part ground pin (AVSS), placed as a pair of pins on one side of the package (see Fig.3), providing power supply (+5V) and ground for ADC, CAN receiver and reference voltage. • 1⁄2AVDD reference voltage • Full-duplex UART compatible with the standard 80C51 • On-chip Watchdog Timer (WDT) • Four digital part supply voltage pins (VDD1 to VDD4) and four digital part ground pins (VSS1 to VSS4) are provided on the package. These pins, one VDD and one VSS as a pair of pins are placed on each of the four sides of the package to provide: • 1.2 to 16 MHz clock frequency • Improved Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC). 2 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) GENERAL DESCRIPTION The P8xCE598 is a single-chip 8-bit high-performance microcontroller with on-chip CAN-controller, derived from the 80C51 microcontroller family. It uses the powerful 80C51 instruction set. Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the P8xCE598. – VDD1/VSS1 for internal logic (CPU, Timers/counters, Memory, CAN, UART, ADC) The P8xCE598 is manufactured in an advanced CMOS process, and is designed for use in automotive and general industrial applications. In addition to the 80C51 standard features, the device provides a number of dedicated hardware functions for these applications. – VDD4/VSS4 for the Port 0, Port 2, ALE output and PSEN output. – VDD2/VSS2 for Port 1, Port 3 and Port 4, and PWM0 and PWM1 outputs – VDD3/VSS3 for the on-chip oscillator • External capacitors should be connected across associated VDDx and VSSx pins (i.e. VDD1 and VSS1). Lead length should be as short as possible. Ceramic chip capacitors are recommended (100 nF). Two versions of the P8xCE598 will be offered: • One CAN supply voltage pin (CVDD) and one CAN ground pin (CVSS) as a pair of pins placed on one side of the package providing (digital part) power supply (+5V) and ground for the CAN transmitter outputs. • P80CE598 (without ROM) • P83CE598 (with ROM) Hereafter these versions will be referred to as P8xCE598. • Internal decoupling capacitance improves the EMC radiation behaviour and the EMC immunity. The temperature range includes (max. fCLK = 16 MHz): • −40 to +85 °C version, for general applications • −40 to +125 °C version for automotive applications. 1996 Jun 27 3 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 2.2 ALE will retain its normal HIGH value during Idle mode and a LOW value during Power-down mode while in the ‘RFI reduction mode’. Recommendation on ALE For application that require no external memory or temporarily no external memory: the ALE output signal (pulses at a frequency of 1⁄6 fOSC) can be disabled under software control (bit 5 in PCON SFR: ‘RFI’); if disabled, no ALE pulse will occur. ALE pin will be pulled down internally, switching an external address latch to a quiet state. The MOVX instruction will still toggle ALE as a normal MOVX. 3 P8xCE598 Additionally during internal access (EA = 1) ALE will toggle normally when the address exceeds the internal Program Memory size. During external access (EA = 0) ALE will always toggle normally, whether the flag ‘RFI’ is set or not. ORDERING INFORMATION TYPE NUMBER PACKAGE NAME DESCRIPTION VERSION TEMPERATURE RANGE (°C) FREQ. (MHz) Without ROM P80CE598FFB P80CE598FHB QFP80 −40 to +85 plastic quad flat package; 80 leads (lead length 1.95 mm); body 14 × 20 × 2.7 mm; high stand-off height SOT318-1 plastic quad flat package; 80 leads (lead length 1.95 mm); body 14 × 20 × 2.7 mm; high stand-off height SOT318-1 −40 to +125 1.2 to 16 With ROM P83CE598FFB P83CE598FHB QFP80 1996 Jun 27 4 −40 to +85 −40 to +125 1.2 to 16 1996 Jun 27 5 P0 P1 P2 P3 PARALLEL I/O PORTS & EXT. BUS Alternative function of Port 0. Alternative function of Port 1. Alternative function of Port 2. Alternative function of Port 3. Alternative function of Port 4. Alternative function of Port 5. Not present in P80CE598. (3) (1) (4) (4) (4) TXD RXD (4) SERIAL UART PORT (4) INT1 CPU (4) INT0 80C51 core excluding ROM/RAM T0, T1 TWO 16 - BIT TIMER/ EVENT COUNTERS (4) T1 P5 P4 8-BIT I/O PORTS (7) 32K x 8 ROM PROGRAM MEMORY (2) FOUR 16-BIT CAPTURE LATCHES 256 x 8 RAM AUXILIARY MEMORY V SS 16 T2 (2) STADC RT2 16 ADC (6) AV ref THREE 16-BIT COMPARATORS WITH REGISTERS P8xCE598 DUAL PWM T2 16-BIT TIMER/ EVENT COUNTER 256 x 8 RAM DATA MEMORY PWM1 Fig.1 Block diagram. CT0I to CT3I V DD 1/2AV DD CMSR0 to CMSR5 CMT0, CMT1 (5) COMPARATOR OUTPUT SELECTION INTERNAL BUS (2) RST MLB228 EW T3 WATCHDOG TIMER CAN (2) CRX1 CTX1 CRX0 CTX0 REF DMA - BUS AVDD AVSS CVDD CV SS 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) A8 to A15 AD0 to AD7 RD WR PSEN EA XTAL2 XTAL1 (4) T0 ADC0 to ADC7 4 handbook, full pagewidth PWM0 Philips Semiconductors Product specification P8xCE598 BLOCK DIAGRAM Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 5 P8xCE598 PINNING alternative function handbook, full pagewidth XTAL1 XTAL2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 EA PSEN ALE PWM0 PWM1 CRX0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 CRX1 REF AVSS AV DD AV ref+ alternative function AV ref – STADC ADC0 ADC1 ADC2 ADC3 ADC4 ADC5 ADC6 ADC7 CMSR0 CMSR1 CMSR2 CMSR3 CMSR4 CMSR5 CMT0 CMT1 PORT 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 PORT 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 P8xCE598 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 PORT 1 CT0I/INT2 CT1I/INT3 CT2I/INT4 CT3I/INT5 T2 RT2 CTX0 CTX1 PORT 2 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 EW MBD036 Fig.2 Pin functions. 6 LOW ORDER ADDRESS AND DATA BUS HIGH ORDER ADDRESS BUS RXD/DATA TXD/CLOCK PORT 3 CVSS CVDD V SS VDD RST 1996 Jun 27 PORT 0 AD0 AD1 AD2 AD3 AD4 AD5 AD6 AD7 INT0 INT1 T0 T1 WR RD Philips Semiconductors Product specification EA 65 66 n.c. AV ref 1 64 ALE AV ref 2 63 PSEN AV SS 3 62 P2.7/A15 AVDD 4 61 P2.6/A14 P5.7/ADC7 5 60 P2.5/A13 P5.6/ADC6 6 59 P2.4/A12 P5.5/ADC5 7 58 P2.3/A11 P5.4/ADC4 8 57 P2.2/A10 P5.3/ADC3 9 56 P2.1/A09 P5.2/ADC2 10 55 P2.0/A08 P5.1/ADC1 11 54 VSS3 P5.0/ADC0 12 53 V DD3 52 XTAL1 P8xCE598 44 P3.3/INT1 P4.3/CMSR3 22 43 P3.2/INT0 n.c. 23 42 P3.1/TXD P4.4/CMSR4 24 41 P3.0/RXD 40 21 CVDD P4.2/CMSR2 39 P3.4/T0 P1.7/CTX1 45 38 20 P1.6/CTX0 P4.1/CMSR1 37 P3.5/T1 CV SS 46 36 19 P1.5/RT2 P4.0/CMSR0 35 P3.6/WR P1.4/T2 47 34 18 P1.3/CT3I/INT5 EW 33 P3.7/RD P1.2/CT2I/INT4 48 32 17 P1.1/CT1I/INT3 PWM1 31 n.c. P1.0/CT0I/INT2 49 30 16 RST PWM0 29 n.c. V SS2 50 28 15 VDD2 STADC 27 XTAL2 P4.7/CMT1 51 26 14 P4.6/CMT0 V DD1 25 13 P4.5/CMSR5 VSS1 Fig.3 Pin configuration QFP80/SOT318-1. 1996 Jun 27 67 n.c. 68 P0.7/AD7 69 P0.6/AD6 70 P0.5/AD5 71 P0.4/AD4 P8xCE598 72 P0.3/AD3 73 P0.2/AD2 74 P0.1/AD1 75 P0.0/AD0 76 VDD4 77 V SS4 78 REF handbook, full pagewidth 79 CRX1 80 CRX0 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 7 MLB229 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN Table 1 P8xCE598 Pin description for single function pins (SOT318-1 and SOT351-1; see note 1) SYMBOL PIN DESCRIPTION VDD1 14 Power supply, digital part: for internal logic (CPU, Timers/counters, Memory, CAN, UART, ADC). VDD2 28 Power supply, digital part: for Port 1, Port 3, Port 4, PWM0 and PWM1 outputs. VDD3 53 Power supply, digital part: for the on-chip oscillator. VDD4 76 Power supply, digital part: for Port 0, Port 2, ALE output and PSEN output. STADC 15 Start ADC operation. Input starting analog-to-digital conversion (note 2). This pin must not float. PWM0 16 Pulse width modulation output 0. PMW1 17 Pulse width modulation output 1. EW 18 Enable Watchdog Timer (WDT): enable for T3 Watchdog Timer and disable Power-down mode. This pin must not float. RST 30 Reset: input to reset the P8xCE598 (note 3). CVSS 37 Ground potential for the CAN transmitter outputs. CVDD 40 Power supply (+5V) for the CAN transmitter outputs. XTAL2 51 Crystal pin 2: output of the inverting amplifier that forms the oscillator. When an external clock oscillator is used this pin is left open-circuit. XTAL1 52 Crystal pin 1: input to the inverting amplifier that forms the oscillator, and input to the internal clock generator. Receives the external clock oscillator signal, when an external oscillator is used. VSS1 13 Ground, digital part: for internal logic (CPU, Timers/Counters, Memory, CAN, UART, ADC). VSS2 29 Ground, digital part: for Port 1, Port 3 and Port 4, and PWM0 and PWM1 outputs. VSS3 54 Ground, digital part: for the on-chip oscillator. VSS4 77 Ground, digital part: for the Port 0, Port 2, ALE output and PSEN output. PSEN 63 Program Store Enable: Read strobe to external Program Memory (active LOW). Drive: 8 × LSTTL inputs. ALE 64 Address Latch Enable: latches the Low-byte of the address during accesses to external memory (note 4). Drive: 8 × LSTTL inputs; handles CMOS inputs without an external pull-up. EA 65 External Access input. See note 5. REF 78 1⁄ CRX1 79 CRX0 80 Inputs from the CAN-bus line to the differential input comparator of the on-chip CAN-controller (note 7). AVREF− 1 Low-end of ADC (analog-to-digital conversion) reference resistor. AVREF+ 2 High-end of ADC (analog-to-digital conversion) reference resistor (note 8). AVSS 3 Ground, analog part. For ADC, CAN receiver and reference voltage. AVDD 4 Power supply, analog part (+5 V). For ADC, CAN receiver and reference voltage. n.c. 2AVDD reference voltage output respectively input (note 6). 23, No connection. 49, 50, 66, 67 Notes 1. To avoid a ‘latch up’ effect at power-on: VSS − 0.5 V < ‘voltage on any pin at any time’ < VDD + 0.5 V. 2. Triggered by a rising edge. ADC operation can also be started by software. 3. RST also provides a reset pulse as output when timer T3 overflows or after a CAN wake-up from Power-down. 1996 Jun 27 8 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 4. ALE is activated every six oscillator periods. During an external data memory access one ALE pulse is skipped. 5. See Section 7.1, Table 3 for EA operation. For P83CE598 microcontrollers specified with the option ‘ROM-code protection’, the EA pin is latched during reset and is ‘don't care’ after reset, regardless of whether the ROM-code protection is selected or not. 6. Pin 78, REF: a) Selection of input respectively output dependent of CAN Control Register bit 5 (CR.5; see Section 13.5.3 Table 32). b) If the internal reference is used, then REF should be connected to AVSS via a capacitor with a value of ≥ 10 nF. c) After an external reset (RST = HIGH) the internal 1⁄2AVDD source is activated and, REF is a reference output. d) If the CAN-controller is in the reset state, e.g. after an external reset, then the 1⁄2AVDD source is switched off during Power-down mode. 7. CAN Bus line: a) CRX0 level > CRX1 level is interpreted as a logic 1 (recessive). b) CRX0 level < CRX1 level is interpreted as a logic 0 (dominant). 8. The level of AVREF+ must be higher than that of AVREF−. Table 2 Pin description for pins with alternative functions (SOT318-2 and SOT351-1; see note 1) SYMBOL PIN DEFAULT DESCRIPTION ALTERNATIVE Port 4 P4.0 to P4.7 19 to 22, 24 to 27 8-bit quasi-bidirectional I/O port. CMSR0 19 Compare and Set/Reset outputs for Timer T2. CMSR1 20 CMSR2 21 CMSR3 22 CMSR4 24 CMSR5 25 CMT0 26 CMT1 27 Compare and toggle outputs for Timer T2. Port 1 P1.0 to P1.7 1996 Jun 27 31 to 36, 38 to 39 8-bit quasi-bidirectional I/O port. CT0I/INT2 31 CT1I/INT3 32 CT2I/INT4 33 Capture timer inputs for Timer T2, or External interrupt inputs 2 to 5. CT3I/INT5 34 T2 35 T2 event input (rising edge triggered). RT2 36 T2 timer reset input (rising edge triggered). CTX0 38 CAN transmitter output 0 (note 2). CTX1 39 CAN transmitter output 1 (note 2). 9 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 SYMBOL PIN DEFAULT DESCRIPTION ALTERNATIVE Port 3 P3.0 to P3.7 41 to 48 8-bit quasi-bidirectional I/O port. RXD 41 Serial Input Port. TXD 42 Serial Output Port. INT0 43 External interrupt input 0. INT1 44 External interrupt input 1. T0 45 Timer 0 external input. T1 46 Timer 1 external input. WR 47 External Data Memory Write strobe. RD 48 External Data Memory Read strobe. Port 2 (Sink/source: 1 × TTL = 4 × LSTTL inputs) P2.0 to P2.7 55 to 62 A08 to A15 8-bit quasi-bidirectional I/O port. High-order address byte for external memory. Port 0 (Sink/source: 8 × LSTTL inputs) P0.7 to P0.0 68 to 75 AD7 to AD0 8-bit open drain bidirectional I/O port. Multiplexed Low-order address and Data bus for external memory. Port 5 P5.7 to P5.0 5 to 12 ADC7 to ADC0 8-bit input port. 8 input channels to ADC. Notes 1. To avoid a ‘latch up’ effect at power-on: VSS − 0.5 V < ‘voltage on any pin at any time’ < VDD + 0.5 V. 2. If the CAN-controller is in the reset state (e.g. after a power-up reset; CAN Control Register bit CR.0; see Section 13.5.3 Table 32, the CAN transmitter outputs are floating and the pins P1.6 and P1.7 can be used as open-drain port pins. After a power-up reset the port data is HIGH, leaving the pins P1.6 and P1.7 floating. 1996 Jun 27 10 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 6 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION P8xCE598 7 MEMORY ORGANIZATION The P8xCE598 functions will be described as shown in the following overview: The Central Processing Unit (CPU) manipulates operands in three memory spaces (see Fig.4) as follows: • Memory organization • 32 kbytes internal, resp. 64 kbytes external Program Memory • I/O Port structure • 512 bytes internal Data Memory MAIN- and AUXILIARY RAM. • Pulse Width Modulated outputs • Analog-to-Digital Converter • Up to 64 kbytes external Data Memory (with 256 bytes residing in the internal AUXILIARY RAM). • Timers/Counters • Serial I/O Ports • Interrupt system • Power reduction modes • Oscillator circuitry • Reset circuitry • Instruction Set • EMC (see Section 2.1). handbook, full pagewidth 64K 64K EXTERNAL 32768 32767 OVERLAPPED SPACE 256 INTERNAL EXTERNAL (EA = 1) (EA = 0) 255 INDIRECT ONLY 127 SFRs AUXILIARY RAM DIRECT AND INDIRECT 0 0 MAIN RAM PROGRAM MEMORY INTERNAL DATA MEMORY MLB230 Fig.4 Memory map. 1996 Jun 27 11 EXTERNAL DATA MEMORY Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 7.1 P8xCE598 Program Memory The Program Memory of the P8xCE598 consists of 32 kbytes ROM on-chip, externally expandible up to 64 kbytes. Table 3 Instruction fetch controlled by EA PIN EA (note 1) ADDRESS LOCATION INSTRUCTIONS FETCHED FROM: DURING RESET LATCHED TO: AFTER RESET H − internal Program Memory (note 2) 0000H → 7FFFH H − external Program Memory 8000H → FFFFH L − − ‘don’t care’ 0000H → FFFFH − − Notes 1. This implementation prevents reading of the internal program code by switching from external Program Memory during a MOVC instruction. 2. By setting a security bit the internal Program Memory content is protected, which means it cannot be read out. If the security bit has been set to LOW there are no restrictions for the MOVC instruction. 7.2 Internal Data Memory The internal Data Memory is physically built-up and accessible as shown in Table 4 (see Fig.5). Table 4 Internal Data Memory size and address mode INTERNAL DATA MEMORY ADDRESS MODE SIZE LOCATION POINTERS DIRECT INDIRECT 0 to 127 X X 128 to 255 − X MAIN RAM (note 1) 256 bytes AUXILIARY RAM (note 2) 256 bytes 0 to 255 − X SFRs (note 3) 128 bytes 128 to 255 X − Address pointers are R0 and R1 of the selected register bank. Address pointers are R0 and R1 of the selected register bank and the DPTR. − Notes 1. MAIN RAM can be addressed directly and indirectly as in the 80C51. 2. AUXILIARY RAM (0 to 255): a) Is indirectly addressable in the same way as the external Data Memory with MOVX instructions. b) Access will not affect the ports P0, P2, P3.6 and P3.7 during internal program execution. 3. SFRs = Special Function Registers. 1996 Jun 27 12 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 7.2.1 P8xCE598 MAIN RAM Four 8-bit register banks occupy the lower RAM area, 127 7FH (MSB) • BANK 4: location 24 to 31. 2FH 2EH 7F 77 7E 76 7D 75 7C 74 7B 73 7A 72 79 71 78 70 47 46 Only one of these banks may be enabled at the same time. 2DH 2CH 6F 67 6E 66 6D 65 6C 64 6B 63 6A 62 69 61 68 60 45 44 The next 16 bytes, locations 32 through 45, contains 128 directly addressable bit locations. 2BH 2AH 29H 5F 57 4F 5E 56 4E 5D 55 4D 5C 54 4C 5B 53 4B 5A 52 4A 59 51 49 58 50 48 43 42 41 28H 27H 47 3F 46 3E 45 3D 44 3C 43 3B 42 3A 41 39 40 38 40 39 26H 25H 24H 37 2F 27 36 2E 26 35 2D 25 34 2C 24 33 2B 23 32 2A 22 31 29 21 30 28 20 38 37 36 23H 22H 1F 17 1E 16 1D 15 1C 14 1B 13 1A 12 19 11 18 10 35 34 21H 20H 1FH 0F 07 0E 06 0D 05 0C 04 0B 03 0A 02 09 01 08 00 33 32 31 (LSB) • BANK 0: location 0 to 7 • BANK 1: location 8 to 15 • BANK 2: location 16 to 23 The stack can be located anywhere in the internal Main RAM address space. The stack depth is only limited by the internal RAM space available. All registers except the program counter and the four 8-bit register banks reside in the SFR address space. 7.3 External Data Memory An access to external Data Memory locations higher than 255 will be performed with the MOVX @DPTR instructions in the same way as in the 80C51 structure, i.e.with P0 and P2 as data/address bus and P3.6 and P3.7 as Write and Read strobe signals. BANK 3 18H 17H 24 23 BANK 2 Note that these external Data Memory locations cannot be accessed with R0 or R1 as address pointer. 10H 0FH 16 15 BANK 1 08H 07H 8 7 BANK 0 00H 0 MGA152 Fig.5 Internal MAIN RAM bit addresses. 1996 Jun 27 13 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN handbook, full pagewidth REGISTER MNEMONIC P8xCE598 DIRECT BYTE ADDRESS (HEX) BIT ADDRESS T3 FFH PWMP FEH PWM1 FDH PWM0 FCH IP1 B FF FE FD FC FB FA F9 F8 F8H F7 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1 F0 F0H F6 RTE EFH STE EEH # TMH2 EDH # TML2 ECH CTCON EBH TM2CON EAH IEN1 EF EE ED EC EB EA E9 E8 E8H ACC E7 E3 E1 E0 E0H E6 E5 E4 E2 CANADR DBH CANDAT DAH D9H CANCON CANSTA PSW DF DE DD DC DB DA D9 D8 D8H D7 D6 D1 D0 D0H D5 D4 D3 D2 # CTH3 CFH # CTH2 # CTH1 CEH CDH # CTH0 CCH CMH2 CBH CMH1 CAH C9H CMH0 TM2IR CF CE CD CC CB CA C9 C8 C8H # ADCH C6H ADCON C5H # P5 C4H P4 SFRs containing directly addressable bits C7 C6 C5 C4 C3 C2 C1 C0 C0H MGA150 # denotes read-only registers Fig.6 Special Function Register memory map (a). 1996 Jun 27 14 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN handbook, full pagewidth REGISTER MNEMONIC IP0 P3 P8xCE598 DIRECT BYTE ADDRESS (HEX) BIT ADDRESS BF BE BD BC BB BA B9 B8 B8H B7 B3 B1 B0 B0H B6 B5 B4 B2 # CTL3 AFH # CTL2 AEH # CTL1 ADH # CTL0 ACH CML2 ABH CML1 AAH CML0 A9H IEN0 P2 AF AE AD AC AB AA A9 A8 A8H A7 A3 A1 A0 A0H A6 A5 A4 A2 S0BUF 99H S0CON 9F 9E 9D 9C 9B 9A 99 98 98H P1 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 90H TH1 TH0 8DH 8CH TL1 8BH TL0 8AH 89H TMOD TCON 8F 8E 8D 8C 8B 8A 89 88 88H PCON 87H DPH 83H DPL 82H SP P0 81H 87 86 85 84 83 # denotes read-only registers 82 81 80 80H MGA151 Fig.7 Special Function Register memory map (b). 1996 Jun 27 15 SFRs containing directly addressable bits Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 8 P8xCE598 I/O PORT STRUCTURE The P8xCE598 has six 8-bit parallel ports: Port 0 to Port 5. In addition to the standard 8-bit parallel ports, the I/O facilities also include a number of special I/O lines. The use of a Port 1, Port 3 or Port 4 pins as an alternative function is carried out automatically provided the associated SFR bit is set HIGH. Table 5 Default Port functions PORT TYPE Port 0 I/O Port 1 I/O Port 2 I/O Port 3 I/O Port 4 I/O Port 5 I Table 6 FUNCTION REMARKS The same as in the 80C51 Except for the additional functions of P1.6 and P1.7. Parallel I/O port Parallel I/O function is identical to Port1, 2 and 3. Parallel input port with an input function only May be used as normal inputs if the ADC function is inoperative. Alternative Port functions PORT TYPE FUNCTION REMARKS Port 0 I/O Multiplexed Low-order address and Data bus for external memory (AD7 to AD0) Provides the multiplexed Low-order address and data bus used for expanding the P8xCE598 with standard memories and peripherals. Port 1 I/O Capture timer inputs for Timer T2 (CT0I to CT3I), or External interrupt request inputs (INT2 to INT5) External interrupt request inputs, if capture information is not utilized. T2 event input (T2) External counter input. T2 timer reset input (RT2) External counter reset input. CAN transmitter output 0 (CTX0) CTX0 and CTX1 outputs of the CAN interface (note 1). CAN transmitter output 1 (CTX1) Port 2 I/O High-order address byte for external memory (A08 to A15) Port 2 provides the High-order address bus when the P8xCE598 is expanded with external Program Memory and/or external Data Memory. Port 3 I/O Serial Input Port (RXD) Receiver input of serial port SIO0 (UART). Serial Output Port (TXD) Transmitter output of serial port SIO0 (UART). External interrupt (INT0) External interrupt request inputs. External interrupt (INT1) Timer 0 external input (T0) Counter inputs. Timer 1 external input (T1) Port 4 I/O External data memory Write strobe (WR) Control signal to write to external Data Memory. External data memory Read strobe (RD) Control signal to read from external Data Memory. Compare and Set/Reset outputs (CMSR0 to CMSR5) Can be configured to provide signals indicating a match between Timer counter T2 and its compare registers. Compare and toggle outputs (CMT0, CMT1) Port 5 I 1996 Jun 27 Input channels to ADC (ADC7 to ADC0) Port 5 may be used in conjunction with the ADC interface (note 2). 16 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 Notes to the Alternative Port functions 1. Port lines P1.6 and P1.7 may be selected as CTX0 and CTX1 outputs of the serial port SIO1 (CAN). After reset P1.6 and P1.7 may be used as normal I/O ports, if the CAN interface is not used. 2. Unused analog inputs can be used as digital inputs. As Port 5 lines may be used as inputs to the ADC, these digital inputs have an inherent hysteresis to prevent the input logic from drawing too much current from the power lines when driven by analog signals. Channel-to-channel crosstalk should be taken into consideration when both digital and analog signals are simultaneously input to Port 5 (see Chapter 20). handbook, full pagewidth strong pull-up +5 V 2 oscillator periods p2 p3 p1 I/O PIN PORT 1, 2, 3 or 4 Q from port latch n I1 input data read port pin INPUT BUFFER MGA153 Fig.8 I/O buffers in the P8xCE598 (P1.0 to P1.5, Ports 2, 3, and 4). 9 The repetition frequency fPWM, at the PWMn outputs is PULSE WIDTH MODULATED OUTPUTS (PWM) f CLK given by: f PWM = ------------------------------------------------------------2 × ( PWMP + 1 ) × 255 Two Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) output channels are available with the P8xCE598. These channels provide output pulses of programmable length and interval. The repetition frequency is defined by an 8-bit prescaler PWMP which generates the clock for the counter. Both the prescaler and counter are common to both PWM channels. The 8-bit counter counts modulo 255 i.e. from 0 to 254 inclusive. The value of the 8-bit counter is compared to the contents of two registers: PWM0 and PWM1. When using an oscillator frequency of 16 MHz, for example, the above formula would give a repetition frequency range of 123 Hz to 31.4 kHz. By loading the PWM registers with either 00H or FFH, the PWM outputs can be retained at a constant HIGH or LOW level respectively. When loading FFH to the PWM registers, the 8-bit counter will never actually reach this (FFH) value. Both output pins PWMn are driven by push-pull drivers, and are not shared with any other function. Provided the contents of either of these registers is greater than the counter value, the output of PWM0 or PWM1 is set LOW. If the contents of these register are equal to, or less than the counter value, the output will be HIGH. The pulse-width-ratio is therefore defined by the contents of the register PWM0 and PWM1. The pulse-width-ratio is in the range of 0 to 255⁄255 and may be programmed in increments of 1⁄255. 1996 Jun 27 17 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 9.1 P8xCE598 Prescaler frequency control register (PWMP) Table 7 Prescaler frequency control register (address FEH) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 PWMP.7 PWMP.6 PWMP.5 PWMP.4 PWMP.3 PWMP.2 PWMP.1 PWMP.0 Table 8 9.2 Description of PWMP bits BIT SYMBOL 7 to 0 PWMP.7 to PWMP.0 FUNCTION Prescaler division factor. The Prescaler division factor = (PWMP) + 1 Pulse Width Register 0 (PWM0) Table 9 Pulse Width Register (address FCH) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 PWM0.7 PWM0.6 PWM0.5 PWM0.4 PWM0.3 PWM0.2 PWM0.1 PWM0.0 Table 10 Description of PWM0 bits 9.3 BIT SYMBOL 7 to 0 PWM0.7 to PWM0.0 FUNCTION Pulse width ratio. ( PWMn ) LOW/HIGH ratio of PWMn signals = -----------------------------------------255 – ( PWMn ) Pulse Width Register 1 (PWM1) Table 11 Pulse width register (address FDH) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 PWM1.7 PWM1.6 PWM1.5 PWM1.4 PWM1.3 PWM1.2 PWM1.1 PWM1.0 Table 12 Description of PWM1 bits BIT SYMBOL 7 to 0 PWM1.7 to PWM1.0 1996 Jun 27 FUNCTION Pulse width ratio. ( PWMn ) LOW/HIGH ratio of PWMn signals = -----------------------------------------255 – ( PWMn ) 18 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 handbook, full pagewidth PWM0 I N T E R N A L B U S 8-BIT COMPARATOR OUTPUT BUFFER PWM0 OUTPUT BUFFER PWM1 fclk 1/2 8-BIT COUNTER PRESCALER PWMP 8-BIT COMPARATOR PWM1 MGA154 Fig.9 Functional diagram of Pulse Width Modulated outputs. The result of a completed conversion (ADCI = HIGH) remains unaffected during the Idle mode. The LOW-to-HIGH transition of STADC is recognized at the end of a machine cycle and the conversion commences at the beginning of the next cycle. When a conversion is initiated by software, the conversion starts at the beginning of the machine cycle following the instruction that sets ADCS. 10 ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER (ADC) The analog input circuitry consists of an 8-input analog multiplexer and an ADC with 10-bit resolution. The analog reference voltage and analog power supplies are connected via separate input pins. The conversion takes 50 machine cycles i.e. 37.5 µs at 16 MHz oscillator frequency. The input voltage swing is from 0 V to AVDD. The ADC is controlled using the ADCON control register. Register bits ADCON.0 to ADCON.2 select the input channels of the analog multiplexer (see Fig.10). The completion of the 10-bit analog-to-digital conversion is flagged by ADCI in the ADCON register and the result is stored in the SFR ADCH (upper 8-bits) and the 2 lower bits (ADC.1 and ADC.0) in register ADCON. The next two machine cycles are used to initiate the converter. At the end of this first cycle, the ADCS status flag is set to HIGH while the conversion is in progress. Sampling of the analog input commences at the end of the second cycle. During the next eight machine cycles, the voltage at the previously selected pin of Port 5 is sampled and this input voltage should be stable in order to obtain a useful sample. In any case, the input voltage slew rate must be less than 10 V/ms (5 V conversion range) in order to prevent an undefined result. The conversion takes four machine cycles per bit. An analog-to-digital conversion in progress is unaffected by an external or software ADC start. The result of a completed conversion remains unchanged provided ADCI = HIGH. While ADCI or ADCS are HIGH, a new ADC START will be blocked and consequently lost. An analog-to-digital conversion already in progress is aborted when the Idle or Power-down mode is entered. 1996 Jun 27 19 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 10.1 P8xCE598 ADC Control register (ADCON) Table 13 ADC Control register (address C5H) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ADC.1 ADC.0 ADEX ADCI ADCS AADR2 AADR1 AADR0 Table 14 Description of the ADCON bits BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION 7 ADC.1 Bit 1 of ADC converted value. 6 ADC.0 Bit 0 of ADC converted value. 5 ADEX Enable external start of conversion by STADC. If ADEX is: LOW, then conversion cannot be started externally by STADC (only by software by setting ADCS) HIGH, then conversion can be started externally by a rising edge on STADC or externally. 4 ADCI ADC interrupt flag. This flag is set when an analog-to-digital conversion result is ready to be read. If enabled, an interrupt is invoked. The flag must be cleared by software. It cannot be set by software (see Table 15). 3 ADCS ADC start and status. Setting this bit starts an analog-to-digital conversion. It may be set by software or by the external signal STADC. The ADC logic ensures that this signal is HIGH while the ADC is busy. On completion of the conversion, ADCS is reset at the same time the interrupt flag ADCI is set. ADCS can not be reset by software (see Table 15). 2 AADR2 1 AADR1 0 AADR0 Analog input select. This binary coded address selects one of the eight analog port pins of P5 to be input to the converter. It can only be changed when ADCI and ADCS are both LOW. AADR2 is the MSB (e.g. 100B selects the analog input channel ADC4). Table 15 ADCI and ADCS operating modes If ADCI is cleared by software while ADCS is set at the same time a new analog-to-digital conversion with the same channel-number may be started. It is recommended to reset ADCI before ADCS is set. ADCI ADCS OPERATION 0 0 ADC not busy, a conversion can be started. 0 1 ADC busy, start of a new conversion is blocked. 1 X (don’t care) Conversion completed (note 1). Note 1. Start of a new conversion requires ADCI = 0. 1996 Jun 27 20 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 STADC handbook, full pagewidth ADC0 ADC1 ADC2 ADC3 ADC4 ADC5 ADC6 ADC7 analog reference ANALOG INPUT MULTIPLEXER 10-BIT A/D CONVERTER supply (analog part) ground (analog part) ADCON 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 INTERNAL BUS Fig.10 Functional diagram of analog input. 1996 Jun 27 21 5 6 7 ADCH MGA155 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN when it overflows from all HIGHs to all LOWs (or automatic reload value), with the exception of Mode 3 as previously described. 11 TIMERS/COUNTERS The P8xCE598 contains: • Three 16-bit timer/event counters: Timer 0, Timer 1 and Timer 2 11.2 • One 8-bit timer, T3 (Watchdog WDT). 11.1 Timer T2 Capture and Compare Logic Timer T2 is a 16-bit timer/counter which has capture and compare facilities (see Fig.11). Timer 0 and Timer 1 The 16-bit timer/counter is clocked via a prescaler with a programmable division factor of 1, 2, 4 or 8. The input of the prescaler is clocked with 1⁄12 of the oscillator frequency, or by an external source connected to the T2 input, or it is switched off. The maximum repetition rate of the external clock source is 1⁄12fCLK, twice that of Timer 0 and Timer 1. The prescaler is incremented on a rising edge. It is cleared if its division factor or its input source is changed, or if the timer/counter is reset. Timer 0 and Timer 1 may be programmed to carry out the following functions: • Measure time intervals and pulse durations • Count events • Generate interrupt requests. Timer 0 and Timer 1 can be programmed independently to operate in 3 modes: T2 is readable ‘on the fly’, without any extra read latches; this means that software precautions have to be taken against misinterpretation at overflow from least to most significant byte while T2 is being read. T2 is not loadable and is reset by the RST signal or at the positive edge of the input signal RT2, if enabled. In the Idle mode the timer/counter and prescaler are reset and halted. Mode 0 8-bit timer or 8-bit counter each with divide-by-32 prescaler. Mode 1 16-bit timer-interval or event counter. Mode 2 8-bit timer-interval or event counter with automatic reload upon overflow. Timer 0 can be programmed to operate in an additional mode as follows: T2 is connected to four 16-bit Capture Registers: CT0, CT1, CT2 and CT3. A rising or falling edge on the inputs CT0I, CT1I, CT2I or CT3I (alternative function of Port 1) results in loading the contents of T2 into the respective Capture Registers and an interrupt request. Mode 3 one 8-bit time-interval or event counter and one 8-bit timer-interval counter. When Timer 0 is in Mode 3, Timer 1 can be programmed to operate in Modes 0, 1 or 2 but cannot set an interrupt flag or generate an interrupt. However, the overflow from Timer 1 can be used to pulse the Serial Port baud-rate generator. Using the Capture Register CTCON, these inputs may invoke capture and interrupt request on a positive edge, a negative edge or on both edges. If neither a positive nor a negative edge is selected for capture input, no capture or interrupt request can be generated by this input. The frequency handling range of these counters with a 16 MHz crystal is as follows: The contents of the Compare Registers CM0, CM1 and CM2 are continually compared with the counter value of Timer T2. When a match occurs, an interrupt may be invoked. A match of CM0 sets the bits 0 to 5 of Port 4, a CM1 match resets these bits and a CM2 match toggles bits 6 and 7 of Port 4, provided these functions are enabled by the STE/RTE registers. A match of CM0 and CM1 at the same time results in resetting bits 0 to 5 of Port 4. CM0, CM1 and CM2 are reset by the RST signal. • In the timer function, the timer is incremented at a frequency of 1.33 MHz (1⁄12 of the oscillator frequency) • 0 Hz to an upper limit of 0.66 MHz (1⁄24 of the oscillator frequency) when programmed for external inputs. Both internal and external inputs can be gated to the counter by a second external source for directly measuring pulse durations. When configured as a counter, the register is incremented on every falling edge on the corresponding input pin, T0 or T1. Port 4 can be read and written by software without affecting the toggle, set and reset signals. At a byte overflow of the least significant byte, or at a 16-bit overflow of the timer/counter, an interrupt sharing the same interrupt vector is requested. Either one or both of these overflows can be programmed to request an interrupt. All interrupt flags must be reset by software. The earliest moment, when the incremented register value can be read is during the second machine cycle following the machine cycle within which the incrementing pulse occurred.The counters are started and stopped under software control. Each one sets its interrupt request flag 1996 Jun 27 P8xCE598 22 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 handbook, full pagewidth CT0I INT CT1I CTI0 INT CT2I INT CTI1 CT0 CT3I CTI2 CT1 INT CTI3 CT2 CT3 off 8-bit overflow interrupt f CLK 1/12 PRESCALER T2 COUNTER 16-bit overflow interrupt T2 RT2 T2ER external reset enable COMP S S R R P4.0 P4.1 S R P4.2 S S S R R R P4.3 P4.4 P4.5 TG TG T T P4.6 P4.7 STE RTE S = set R = reset T = toggle TG = toggle status INT CM0 (S) CM1 (R) INT COMP INT CM2 (T) I/O port 4 MGA156 T2 SFR address: TML2 = lower 8 bits TMH2 = higher 8 bits Fig.11 Block diagram of Timer T2 configuration. 1996 Jun 27 COMP 23 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 11.2.1 P8xCE598 COUNTER CONTROL REGISTER (TM2CON) Table 16 Counter Control register (address EAH) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 T2IS1 T2IS0 T2ER T2B0 T2P1 T2P0 T2MS1 T2MS0 Table 17 Description of the TM2CON bits BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION 7 T2IS1 Timer 2 16-bit overflow interrupt select. 6 T2IS0 Timer 2 byte overflow interrupt select. 5 T2ER Timer 2 external reset enable. 4 T2B0 Timer 2 byte overflow interrupt flag. 3 T2P1 Timer 2 prescaler select (see Table 18). 2 T2P0 1 T2MS1 0 T2MS0 Timer 2 mode select (see Table 19). Table 18 Timer 2 prescaler select T2P1 T2P0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 11.2.2 Table 19 Timer 2 mode select T2 CLOCK T2MS1 T2MS0 MODE Clock source 0 0 Timer T2 is halted 1⁄ 2 1⁄ 4 1⁄ 8 Clock source 0 1 T2 clock source = 1⁄12fCLK Clock source 1 0 Test mode; do not use Clock source 1 1 T2 clock source = pin T2 CAPTURE CONTROL REGISTER (CTCON) Table 20 Capture Control register (address EBH) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 CTN3 CTP3 CTN2 CTP2 CTN1 CTP1 CTN0 CTP0 Table 21 Description of the CTCON bits FUNCTION BIT SYMBOL CAPTURE INTERRUPT ON 7 CTN3 CT3I negative edge 6 CTP3 CT3I positive edge 5 CTN2 CT2I negative edge 4 CTP2 CT2I positive edge 3 CTN1 CT1I negative edge 2 CTP1 CT1I positive edge 1 CTN0 CT0I negative edge 0 CTP0 CT0I positive edge 1996 Jun 27 24 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 11.2.3 P8xCE598 TIMER INTERRUPT FLAG REGISTER (TM2IR) Table 22 Timer Interrupt Flag register (address C8H) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 T2OV CMI2 CMI1 CMI0 CTI3 CTI2 CTI1 CTI0 Table 23 Description of the TM2IR bits (see notes 1 and 2) BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION 7 T2OV T2: 16-bit overflow interrupt flag. 6 CMI2 CM2: interrupt flag. 5 CMI1 CM1: interrupt flag. 4 CMI0 CM0: interrupt flag. 3 CTI3 CT3: interrupt flag. 2 CTI2 CT2: interrupt flag. 1 CTI1 CT1: interrupt flag. 0 CTI0 CT0: interrupt flag. Notes 1. Interrupt Enable IEN1 is used to enable/disable Timer 2 interrupts (see Section 14.1.2). 2. Interrupt Priority Register IP1 is used to determine the Timer 2 interrupt priority (see Section 14.1.4). SET ENABLE REGISTER (STE) 11.2.4 Table 24 Set Enable register (address EEH) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 TG47 TG46 SP45 SP44 SP43 SP42 SP41 SP40 Table 25 Description of the STE bits (see notes 1 and 2) BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION 7 TG47 if HIGH then P4.7 is reset on the next toggle, if LOW P4.7 is set on the next toggle. 6 TG46 if HIGH then P4.6 is reset on the next toggle, if LOW P4.6 is set on the next toggle. 5 SP45 if HIGH then P4.5 is set on a match of CM0 and T2. 4 SP44 if HIGH then P4.4 is set on a match of CM0 and T2. 3 SP43 if HIGH then P4.3 is set on a match of CM0 and T2. 2 SP42 if HIGH then P4.2 is set on a match of CM0 and T2. 1 SP41 if HIGH then P4.1 is set on a match of CM0 and T2. 0 SP40 if HIGH then P4.0 is set on a match of CM0 and T2. Notes 1. If STE.n is LOW then P4.n is not affected by a match of CM0 and T2 (n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5). 2. STE.6 and STE.7 are read only. 1996 Jun 27 25 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 11.2.5 P8xCE598 RESET/TOGGLE ENABLE REGISTER (RTE) Table 26 Reset/Toggle Enable register (address EFH) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 TP47 TP46 RP45 RP44 RP43 RP42 RP41 RP40 Table 27 Description of the RTE bits (note 1) BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION 7 TP47 if HIGH then P4.7 toggles on a match of CM2 and T2. 6 TP46 if HIGH then P4.6 toggles on a match of CM2 and T2. 5 RP45 if HIGH then P4.5 is reset on a match of CM1 and T2. 4 RP44 if HIGH then P4.4 is reset on a match of CM1 and T2. 3 RP43 if HIGH then P4.3 is reset on a match of CM1 and T2. 2 RP42 if HIGH then P4.2 is reset on a match of CM1 and T2. 1 RP41 if HIGH then P4.1 is reset on a match of CM1 and T2. 0 RP40 if HIGH then P4.0 is reset on a match of CM1 and T2. Note 1. If RTE.n is LOW then P4.n is not affected by a match of CM1 and T2 or CM2 and T2. For more information, refer to the 8051-based “8-bit Microcontrollers Data Handbook IC20”. 1996 Jun 27 26 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 11.3 P8xCE598 The Watchdog Timer can only be reloaded if the condition flag WLE = PCON.4 has been previously set by software. At the moment the counter is loaded the condition flag is automatically cleared. Watchdog Timer (T3) In addition to Timer T2 and the standard timers (Timer 0 and Timer 1), a Watchdog Timer (WDT) comprising an 11-bit prescaler and an 8-bit timer (T3) is also provided (see Fig.12). The timer interval between the timer's reloading and the occurrence of a reset depends on the reloaded value. For example, this may range from 1.5 ms to 0.375 s when using an oscillator frequency of 16 MHz. The timer T3 is incremented every 1.5 ms, derived from the oscillator frequency of 16 MHz by the following f CLK formula: f timer = ------------------------12 × 2048 In the Idle state the Watchdog Timer and reset circuitry remain active. When a timer T3 overflow occurs, the microcontroller is reset and a reset-output-pulse is generated at pin RST. This short output pulse (3 machine cycles) may be suppressed if the RST pin is connected to a capacitor. The Watchdog Timer (WDT) is controlled by the Enable Watchdog pin (EW); see Table 28. Table 28 EW controlling WDT and Power-down mode To prevent a system reset (by an overflow of the WDT), the user program has to reload T3 within periods that are shorter than the programmed Watchdog time interval. PIN EW WDT POWER-DOWN MODE LOW enabled disabled HIGH disabled enabled If the processor suffers a hardware/software malfunction, the software will fail to reload the timer. This failure will produce a reset upon overflow thus preventing the processor running out of control. handbook, full pagewidth INTERNAL BUS VDD PRESCALER 11-BIT 1/12 f CLK CLEAR TIMER T3 (8-BIT) LOAD overflow LOADEN RST internal reset CLEAR write T3 WLE P R RST PD LOADEN PCON.4 PCON.1 EW INTERNAL BUS Fig.12 Functional diagram of T3 Watchdog Timer. 1996 Jun 27 27 MGA157 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN This feature is enabled by setting bit SM2 in S0CON. This feature may be used in multiprocessor systems. 12 SERIAL I/O PORT: SIO0 (UART) The Serial Port SIO0 is a full duplex (UART) serial I/O port i.e. it can transmit and receive simultaneously. This Serial Port is also receive-buffered. It can commence reception of a second byte before the previously received byte has been read from the receive register. However, if the first byte has still not been read by the time reception of the second byte is complete, one of these (first or second) bytes will be lost. The SIO0 receive and transmit registers are both accessed via the S0BUF SFR. Writing to S0BUF loads the transmit register, and reading S0BUF accesses to a physically separate receive register. SIO0 can operate in 4 modes: For more information about how to use the UART in combination with the registers S0CON, PCON, IE, SBUF and the Timer register, refer to the 8051-based “8-bit Microcontrollers Data Handbook IC20”. 13 SERIAL I/O PORT: SIO1 (CAN) SIO1 (CAN) provides the CAN (Controller Area Network) serial-bus data communication interface. SIO1 (CAN) replaces the SIO1 (I2C) serial interface as provided in the microcontroller derivative P8xC552. Mode 0 Serial data is transmitted and received through RXD. TXD outputs the shift clock. 8 data bits are transmitted/received (LSB first). The baud rate is fixed at 1⁄12 of the oscillator frequency. 13.1 On-chip CAN-controller CAN is the definition of a high performance communication protocol for serial data communication. The P8xCE598 on-chip CAN-controller is a full implementation of the CAN 2.0A protocol. With the P8xCE598 powerful local networks can be built, both for automotive and general industrial environments. This results in a much reduced wiring harness and enhanced diagnostic and supervisory capabilities. Mode 1 10 bits are transmitted via TXD or received through RXD: a start bit (0), 8 data bits (LSB first), and a stop bit (1). On receive, the stop bit is put into RB8 of the S0CON SFR. The baud rate is variable. Mode 2 11 bits are transmitted through TXD or received through RXD: a start bit (0), 8 data bits (LSB first), a programmable 9th data bit, and a stop bit (1). On transmit, the 9th data bit (TB8 in S0CON) can be assigned the value of 0 or 1. With nominal software, TB8 can be the parity bit (P in PSW). During a receive, the 9th data bit is stored in RB8 (S0CON), and the stop bit is ignored. The baud rate is programmable to either 1⁄32 or 1⁄64 of the oscillator frequency. 13.2 CAN Features • Multi-master architecture • Bus access priority determined by the message identifier • 2032 message identifier (211 standard frame CAN 2.0A) • Guaranteed latency time for high priority messages • Powerful error handling capability • Data length from 0 up to 8 bytes Mode 3 11 bits are transmitted through TXD or received through RXD: a start bit (0), 8 data bits (LSB first), a programmable 9th data bit, and a stop bit (1). Mode 3 is the same as Mode 2 except for the baud rate which is variable in Mode 3. • Multicast and broadcast message facility • Non destructive bit-wise arbitration • Non-return-to-zero (NRZ) coding/decoding with bit-stuffing In all four modes, transmission is initiated by any instruction that writes to the S0BUF SFR. Reception is initiated in Mode 0 when RI = 0 and REN = 1. In the other three modes, reception is initiated by the incoming start bit provided that REN = 1. • Programmable transfer rate (up to 1 Mbit/s) • Programmable output driver configuration • Suitable for use in a wide range of networks including the SAE's network classes A, B and C • DMA providing high-speed on-chip data exchange Modes 2 and 3 are provided for multiprocessor communications. In these modes, 9 data bits are received with the 9th bit written to RB8 (S0CON). The 9th bit is followed by the stop bit. The port can be programmed so that with receiving the stop bit, the Serial Port interrupt will be activated if, and only if RB8 = 1. 1996 Jun 27 P8xCE598 • Bus failure management facility • 1⁄2AVDD reference voltage. 28 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 13.3 P8xCE598 It controls the communication flow through the area network using the CAN-protocol. The CAN-controller meets the following requirements: Interface between CPU and CAN The internal interface between the P8xCE598's CPU and on-chip CAN-controller is achieved via the following four SFRs (see Fig.13): • Short message length • Bus access priority, determined by the message identifier • CANADR, to point to a register of the CAN-controller • CANDAT, to read or write data • Powerful error handling capability • CANCON, to read interrupt flags and to write commands • Configuration flexibility to allow area network expansion • CANSTA, to read status information and to write DMA pointer. • Guaranteed latency time for urgent messages; – The latency time defines the period between the initiation (Transmission Request) and the start of the transmission on the bus. The latency time strongly depends on a large variety of bus-related conditions. In the case of a message being transmitted on the bus and one distortion, the latency time can be up to 149 bit times (worst case). For more information see Chapter 22, “CAN application information”. Additionally, the DMA-logic allows a high-speed data exchange between the CAN-controller and the CPU's on-chip Main RAM. For more information, see Section 13.5.15 “Handling of the CPU-CAN interface”. 13.4 Hardware blocks of the CAN-controller The P8xCE598 CAN-controller contains all necessary hardware for high performance serial network communications (see Fig.14 and Table 29). internal bus handbook, full pagewidth 4 special function registers ADDRESS DBH CANADR DAH DATA CANDAT CPU CAN CONTROLLER D9H CANCON D8H CANSTA MAIN RAM DMA bus DMA LOGIC MGA158 Fig.13 Interface between CPU and CAN-controller. 1996 Jun 27 29 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 handbook, full pagewidth address data INTERFACE MANAGEMENT LOGIC BIT TIMING LOGIC TRANSMIT BUFFER TRANSCEIVER LOGIC 2 CRX0 and CRX1 2 CTX0 and CTX1 CAN CONTROLLER ON - CHIP RECEIVE BUFFER 0 ERROR MANAGEMENT LOGIC RECEIVE BUFFER 1 BIT STREAM PROCESSOR MGA159 Fig.14 Block diagram of the P8xCE598 on-chip CAN-controller. Table 29 Hardware blocks of the CAN-controller (see Fig.14) NAME BLOCK DESCRIPTION Interface Management Logic IML Interprets commands from the CPU, allocates the message buffers (TBF, RBF0 and RBF1) and provides interrupts and status information to the microcontroller. Transmit Buffer TBF 10 bytes memory into which the CPU writes messages which are to be transmitted over the CAN network. Receive Buffers (0 and 1) RBF0 RBF0 and RBF1 are each 10 bytes memories which are alternatively used to store messages received from the CAN network. The CPU can process one message while another is being received. RBF1 Bit Stream Processor BSP Is a sequencer, controlling the data stream between the Transmit Buffer, Receive Buffers (parallel data) and the CAN-bus (serial data). Bit Timing Logic BTL Synchronizes the CAN-controller to the bitstream on the CAN-bus. Transceiver Control Logic TCL Controls the output driver. Error Management Logic EML Performs the error confinement according to the CAN-protocol. 1996 Jun 27 30 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 13.5 After a successful reception the CPU may read the message from the Receive Buffer and then release it for further use. Control Segment and Message Buffer description The CAN-Controller appears to the CPU as a memory-mapped peripheral, guaranteeing the independent operation of both parts. 13.5.1 P8xCE598 13.5.2 CONTROL SEGMENT LAYOUT The exchange of status, control and command signals between the CPU and the CAN-controller is performed in the control segment. The layout of this segment is shown in Fig.15. After an initial down-load, the contents of the registers Acceptance Code, Acceptance Mask, Bus Timing 0, Bus Timing 1 and Output Control should not be changed. These registers may only be accessed when the Reset Request bit in the Control Register is set HIGH (see Tables 30, 31 and 32). ADDRESS ALLOCATION The address area of the CAN-controller consists of the Control Segment and the message buffers. The Control Segment is programmed during an initialization down-load in order to configure communication parameters (e.g. bit timing). The communication over the CAN-bus is also controlled via this segment by the CPU. A message which is to be transmitted, must be written to the Transmit Buffer. ADDRESS handbook, 00H full pagewidth 0 CONTROL 01H 02H 03H 04H 05H 06H 1 2 3 4 5 6 COMMAND STATUS INTERRUPT ACCEPTANCE CODE ACCEPTANCE MASK BUS TIMING 0 07H 08H 09H 7 8 BUS TIMING 1 OUTPUT CONTROL 9 TEST 0AH 10 0BH 11 0CH 12 0DH 13 0EH 14 0FH 15 10H 16 IDENTIFIER, RTR BIT, DATA LENGTH CODE BYTE 1 BYTE 2 BYTE 3 BYTE 4 BYTE 5 control segment descriptor transmit buffer data field 11H 12H 13H 17 18 BYTE 6 BYTE 7 19 BYTE 8 14H 15H 16H 17H 18H 19H 1AH 1BH 20 21 22 IDENTIFIER, RTR BIT, DATA LENGTH CODE BYTE 1 IDENTIFIER, RTR BIT, DATA LENGTH CODE BYTE 1 23 24 25 26 BYTE 2 BYTE 3 BYTE 4 BYTE 5 BYTE 2 BYTE 3 BYTE 4 BYTE 5 27 1CH 28 1DH 29 BYTE 6 BYTE 7 BYTE 6 BYTE 7 BYTE 8 BYTE 8 descriptor receive buffer 0 or 1 data field MGA160 - 1 Fig.15 CAN-controller internal address allocation. 1996 Jun 27 31 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 Table 30 CPU/CAN Register map BIT 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Control Segment ADDRESS 0: CONTROL REGISTER TM ADDRESS S RX1A ES AM.6 SJW.0 SLP COS RRB AT TR TS RS TCS TBS DO RBS WUI OI EI TI RI AC.4 AC.3 AC.2 AC.1 AC.0 AM.4 AM.3 AM.2 AM.1 AM.0 BRP.4 BRP.3 BRP.2 BRP.1 BRP.0 TESG2.0 TSEG1.3 TSEG1.2 TSEG1.1 TSEG1.0 OCTP0 OCTN0 OCPOL0 OCMODE1 OCMODE0 Connect RX Buffer 0 CPU Connect TX Buffer CPU Access Internal Bus Normal RAM Connect Float Output Driver Reserved AC.5 AM.5 BRP.5 7: BUS TIMING REGISTER 1 TSEG2.2 TSEG2.1 8: OUTPUT CONTROL REGISTER OCTP1 ADDRESS WUM 6: BUS TIMING REGISTER 0 SAM ADDRESS RR 5: ACCEPTANCE MASK REGISTER SJW.1 ADDRESS Reserved AC.6 AM.7 ADDRESS RIE 4: ACCEPTANCE CODE REGISTER AC.7 ADDRESS TIE 3: INTERRUPT REGISTER Reserved ADDRESS EIE 2: STATUS REGISTER BS ADDRESS OIE 1: COMMAND REGISTER RX0A ADDRESS RA OCTN1 OCPOL1 9: TEST REGISTER (note 1) Reserved 1996 Jun 27 Reserved Map Internal Register 32 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 BIT 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Transmit Buffer ADDRESS 10: IDENTIFIER ID.10 ID.9 ID.8 ID.7 ID.6 ID.5 ID.4 ID.3 RTR DLC.3 DLC.2 DLC.1 DLC.0 Data Data Data Data Data Data ID.8 ID.7 ID.6 ID.5 ID.4 ID.3 RTR DLC.3 DLC.2 DLC.1 DLC.0 Data Data Data Data Data ADDRESS 11: RTR, DATA LENGTH CODE ID.2 ID.1 ADDRESS ID.0 12 TO 19: BYTES 1 TO 8 Data Data Receive Buffer 0 and 1 ADDRESS 20: IDENTIFIER ID.10 ID.9 ADDRESS 21: RTR, DATA LENGTH CODE ID.2 ID.1 ADDRESS ID.0 22 TO 29: BYTES 1 TO 8 Data Data Data Note 1. The Test Register is used for production testing only. CONTROL REGISTER (CR) 13.5.3 The contents of the Control Register are used to change the behaviour of the CAN-controller. Control bits may be set or reset by the CPU which uses the Control Register as a read/write memory. Table 31 Control Register (address 0) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 TM S RA OIE EIE TIE RIE RR Table 32 Description of the CR bits BIT 7 SYMBOL TM FUNCTION Test Mode (note 1).If the value of TM is: HIGH (enabled), then the CAN-controller enters Test Mode (normal operations impossible). LOW (disabled), then the CAN-controller is in normal operating mode. 6 S Sync (note 2). If the value of S is: HIGH (2 edges), then bus-line transitions from recessive-to-dominant and vice-versa are used for resynchronization (see Sections 13.5.20 and 13.6). LOW (1 edge), then the only transitions from recessive-to-dominant are used for resynchronization. 1996 Jun 27 33 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN BIT 5 SYMBOL RA P8xCE598 FUNCTION Reference Active (note 2). If the value of RA is: HIGH (output), then the pin REF is an 1⁄2AVDD reference output. LOW (input), then a reference voltage may be input. 4 OIE Overrun Interrupt Enable. If the value of OIE is: HIGH (enabled) and the Data Overrun bit is set (see Section 13.5.5) then the CPU receives an Overrun Interrupt signal. LOW (disabled), then the CPU receives no Overrun Interrupt signal from the CAN-controller. 3 EIE Error Interrupt Enable. If the value of EIE is: HIGH (enabled) and the Error or Bus Status change (see Section 13.5.5) then the CPU receives an Error Interrupt signal. LOW (disabled), then the CPU receives no Error Interrupt signal. 2 TIE Transmit Interrupt Enable. If the value of TIE is: HIGH (enabled) and when a message has been successfully transmitted or the Transmit Buffer is accessible again, (e.g. after an Abort Transmission command), then the CAN-controller transmits a Transmit Interrupt signal to the CPU. LOW (disabled), then there is no transmission of the Transmit Interrupt signal by the CAN-controller to the CPU. 1 RIE Receive Interrupt Enable. If the value of RIE is: HIGH (enabled) and when a message has been received without errors, then the CAN-controller transmits a Receive Interrupt signal to the CPU. LOW (disabled), then there is no transmission of the Receive Interrupt signal by the CAN-controller to the CPU. 0 RR Reset Request (note 3). If the value of RR is: HIGH (present), then detection of a Reset Request results in the CAN-controller aborting the current transmission/reception of a message entering the reset state synchronously to the system clock (tSCL, see Section 13.5.9). LOW (absent), on the HIGH-to-LOW transition of the Reset Request bit, the CAN-controller returns to its normal operating state. Notes to the description of the CR bits 1. The test mode is intended for factory testing and not for customer use. 2. A modification of the bits Reference Active and Sync is only possible with Reset Request = HIGH (present). It is allowed to set these bits while Reset Request is changed from a HIGH level to a LOW level. After an external reset (pin RST = HIGH) the Reference Active bit is set HIGH (output), the Sync bit is undefined. 3. During an external reset (RST = HIGH) or when the Bus Status bit is set HIGH (Bus-OFF), the IML forces the Reset Request HIGH (present). After the Reset Request bit is set LOW (absent) the CAN-controller will wait for: a) One occurrence of the Bus-Free signal (11 recessive bits, see Section 13.6.9.6), if the preceding reset (Reset Request = HIGH) has been caused by an external reset or a CPU initiated reset. b) 128 occurrences of Bus-Free, if the preceding reset (Reset Request = HIGH) has been caused by a CAN-controller initiated Bus-OFF, before re-entering the Bus-On mode, see Section 13.6.9. c) When Reset Request is set HIGH (present), for whatever reason, the Control, Command, Status and Interrupt bits are affected, see Table 40. The registers at addresses 4 to 8 are only accessible when the Reset Request is set HIGH (present). 1996 Jun 27 34 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 handbook, full pagewidth RX0 ACTIVE RX1 ACTIVE REFERENCE ACTIVE REF 1/2AVDD - VOLTAGE WAKE-UP MODE single-ended wake-up 1 0 S2 WAKE-UP (bus active signal) 0 RX0 CRX0 differential wake-up 1 S0 0 COMP OUT RX1 CRX1 1 S1 P8xCE598 MLB231 Fig.16 Configurable CAN receiver. 1996 Jun 27 35 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 13.5.4 P8xCE598 COMMAND REGISTER (CMR) A command bit initiates an action within the transfer layer of the CAN-controller. The Command Register appears to the CPU as a read/write memory, except for the bits CMR.0 (TR) to CMR.3 (COS), which return a HIGH if being read. Table 33 Command Register (address 1) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 RX0A RX1A WUM SLP COS RRB AT TR Table 34 Description of the CMR bits BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION 7 RX0A RX0 Active. See Table 35; note 1. 6 RX1A RX1 Active. See Table 35; note 1. 5 WUM Wake-up Mode (note 2). If the value of WUM is: HIGH (single ended), then the difference of the RX signals to the internal reference voltage 1⁄2AVDD is used for wake up. LOW (differential), then the differential signal between RX0 and RX1 is used for wake up. 4 SLP Sleep (note 3). If the value of SLP is: HIGH (sleep), then the CAN-controller enters sleep mode if no CAN interrupt is pending and there is no bus activity. LOW (wake up), then the CAN-controller functions normally. 3 COS Clear Overrun Status (note 4). If the value of COS is: HIGH (clear), then the Data Overrun status bit is set to LOW (see Table 37). LOW (no action), then there is no action. 2 RRB Release Receive Buffer (note 5). If the value of RRB is: HIGH (released), then the Receive Buffer attached to the CPU is released. LOW (no action), then there is no action. 1 AT Abort Transmission (note 6). If the value of AT is: HIGH (present) and if not already in progress, a pending Transmission Request is cancelled. LOW (absent), then there is no action. 0 TR Transmission Request (note 7). If the value of TR is: HIGH (present), then a message shall be transmitted. LOW (absent), then there is no action. 1996 Jun 27 36 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 Notes to the description of the CMR bits 1. The RX0/RX1 Active bits, if being read, reflect the status of the respective switches (see Fig.16). It is recommended to change the switches only during the reset state (Reset Request = HIGH). 2. The Wake-Up Mode bit should be set at the same time as the Sleep bit. The differential wake up mode is useful if both bus wires are fully functioning; it minimizes the amount of wake ups due to noise. The single ended wake up mode is recommended if a wake up must be possible even if one bus wire is already or may become disturbed (see Fig.16). 3. The CAN-controller will enter sleep mode, if the Sleep bit is set HIGH (sleep) there is no bus activity and no interrupt is pending. The CAN-controller will wake up after the Sleep bit is set LOW (wake up) or when there is bus activity. On wake up, a Wake-Up Interrupt (see Section 13.5.6) is generated (see also Chapter 15). A CAN-controller which is sleeping and then awaken by bus activity will not be able to receive this message until it detects a Bus-Free signal (see Section 13.6.9.6). The Sleep bit, if read, reflects the status of the CAN-controller. 4. This command bit is used to acknowledge the Data Overrun condition signalled by the Data Overrun status bit. Command is given only after releasing both receive buffers. The stored messages have to be rejected. The command bit is set simultaneously with setting of the Release Receive Buffer command bit the second time. 5. After reading the contents of the Receive Buffer (RBF0 or RBF1) the CPU must release this buffer by setting Release Receive Buffer bit HIGH (released). This may result in another message becoming immediately available. To prevent the RRB command being executed only once, the minimum wait time between two successive RRB commands is 3 system clock cycles (tSCL, see Section 13.5.9). 6. The Abort Transmission bit is used when the CPU requires the suspension of the previously requested transmission, e.g. to transmit an urgent message. A transmission already in progress is not stopped. In order to see if the original message had been either transmitted successfully or aborted, the Transmission Complete Status bit should be checked. This should be done after the Transmit Buffer Access bit has been set HIGH (released) or a Transmit Interrupt has been generated (see Section 13.5.6). 7. If the Transmission Request bit was set HIGH in a previous command, it cannot be cancelled by setting the Transmission Request bit LOW (absent). Cancellation of the requested transmission may be performed by setting the Abort Transmission bit HIGH (present). Table 35 Combination of bits RX0A and RX1A (see Fig.16) CONTROL RX0 RX0ACTIVE RX1ACTIVE 1 1 CRX0 1 0 CRX0 0 1 1⁄ AV 2 DD 0 0 1996 Jun 27 RX1 CRX1 1⁄ CRX1 No action 37 2AVDD Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 13.5.5 P8xCE598 STATUS REGISTER (SR) The contents of the Status Register reflects the status of the CAN-controller. The Status Register appears to the CPU as a read only memory. Table 36 Status Register (address 2) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 BS ES TS RS TCS TBS DO RBS Table 37 Description of the SR bits BIT 7 SYMBOL BS FUNCTION Bus Status (note 1). If the value of BS is: HIGH (Bus-OFF), then the CAN-controller is not involved in bus activities. LOW (Bus-ON), then the CAN-controller is involved in bus activities. 6 ES Error Status. If the value of ES is: HIGH (error), then at least one of the Error Counters (see Section 13.6.10) has reached the CPU Warning limit. LOW (ok), then both Error Counters have not reached the warning limit. 5 TS Transmit Status (note 2). If the value of TS is: HIGH (transmit), then the CAN-controller is transmitting a message. LOW (idle), then no message is transmitted. 4 RS Receive Status (note 2). If the value of RS is: HIGH (receive), then the CAN-controller is receiving a message. LOW (idle), then no message is received. 3 TCS Transmission Complete Status (note 3). If the value of TCS is: HIGH (complete), then last requested transmission has been successfully completed. LOW (incomplete), then previously requested transmission is not yet completed. 2 TBS Transmit Buffer Access (note 3). If the value of TBS is: HIGH (released), then the CPU may write a message into the TBF. LOW (locked), then the CPU cannot access the Transmit Buffer. A message is either waiting for transmission or is in the process of being transmitted. 1 DO Data Overrun (note 4). If the value of DO is: HIGH (overrun), then both Receive Buffers are full and the first byte of another message should be stored. LOW (absent), then no data overrun has occurred since the Clear Overrun command was given. 0 RBS Receive Buffer Status (note 5). If the value of RBS is: HIGH (full), then this bit is set when a new message is available. LOW (empty), then no message has become available since the last Release Receive Buffer command bit was set. 1996 Jun 27 38 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 Notes to the description of the SR bits 1. When the Bus Status bit is set HIGH (Bus-OFF), the CAN-controller will set the Reset Request bit HIGH (present). It will stay in this state until the CPU sets the Reset Request bit LOW (absent). Once this is completed the CAN-controller will wait the minimum protocol-defined time (128 occurrences of the Bus-Free signal) before setting the Bus Status bit LOW (Bus-ON), the Error Status bit LOW (ok) and resetting the Error Counters. During Bus-OFF the output drivers are switched off (floating); external transceiver circuits should output a recessive level in this case. 2. If both the Receive Status and Transmit Status bits are LOW (idle) the CAN-bus is idle. 3. If the CPU tries to write to the Transmit Buffer when the Transmit Buffer Access bit is LOW (locked), the written bytes will not be accepted and will be lost without this being signalled. The Transmission Complete Status bit is set LOW (incomplete) whenever the Transmission Request bit is set HIGH (present). If an Abort Transmission command is issued, the Transmit Buffer will be released. If the message, which was requested and then aborted, was not transmitted, the Transmission Complete Status bit will remain LOW. 4. If Data Overrun = HIGH (overrun) is detected, the currently received message is dropped. A transmitted message, granted acceptance, is also stored in a Receive Buffer. This occurs because it is not known if the CAN-controller will lose arbitration and so become a receiver of the message. If no Receive Buffer is available, Data Overrun is signalled. However, this transmitted and accepted message does neither cause a Receive Interrupt nor set the Receive Buffer Status bit to HIGH (full). Also, a Data Overrun does not cause the transmission of an Overload Frame (see Sections 13.6.1 and 13.6.5). 5. If the command bit Release Receive Buffer is set HIGH (released) by the CPU, the Receive Buffer Status bit is set LOW (empty) by IML. When a new message is stored in any of the receive buffers, the Receive Buffer Status bit is set HIGH (full) again. 1996 Jun 27 39 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 13.5.6 P8xCE598 INTERRUPT REGISTER (IR) The Interrupt Register allows the identification of an interrupt source. When one or more bits of this register are set, a CAN interrupt (SI01) will be indicated to the CPU. All bits are reset by the CAN-controller after this register is read by the CPU. This register appears to the CPU as a read only memory. Table 38 Interrupt Register (address 3) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 − − − WUI OI EI TI RI Table 39 Description of the IR bits BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION 7 − Reserved. 6 − Reserved. 5 − Reserved. 4 WUI Wake-Up Interrupt. The value of WUI is set to: HIGH (set), when the sleep mode is left. See Section 13.5.4. LOW (reset), by a read access of the Interrupt Register by the CPU. 3 OI Overrun Interrupt (note 1). The value of OI is set to: HIGH (set), if both Receive Buffers contain a message and the first byte of another message should be stored (passed acceptance), and the Overrun Interrupt Enable is HIGH (enabled). LOW (reset), by a read access of the Interrupt Register by the CPU. 2 EI Error Interrupt. The value of EI is set to: HIGH (set), on a change of either the Error Status or Bus Status bits, if the Error Interrupt Enable is HIGH (enabled). See Section 13.5.5. LOW (reset), by a read access of the Interrupt Register by the CPU. 1 TI Transmit Interrupt. The value of TI is set to: HIGH (set), on a change of the Transmit Buffer Access from LOW to HIGH (released) and Transmit Interrupt Enable is HIGH (enabled). LOW (reset), after a read access of the Interrupt Register by the CPU. 0 RI Receive Interrupt (note 2). The value of RBS is set to: HIGH (set), when a new message is available in the Receive Buffer and the Receive Interrupt Enable bit is HIGH (enabled). LOW (reset) automatically by a read access of Interrupt Register by the CPU. Notes 1. Overrun Interrupt bit (if enabled) and Data Overrun bit (see Section 13.5.5) are set at the same time. 2. Receive Interrupt bit (if enabled) and Receive Buffer Status bit (see Section 13.5.5) are set at the same time. 1996 Jun 27 40 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 Table 40 Effects of setting the Reset Request bit HIGH (present) TYPE Control Command Status Interrupt BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION EFFECT CR.7 TM Test Mode LOW (disabled) CR.5 RA Reference Active HIGH (output); note 1 CMR.7 RX0A RX0 Active HIGH (RX0 = CRX0); note 1 CMR.6 RX1A RX1 Active HIGH (RX1 = CRX1); note 1 CMR.4 SLP Sleep LOW (wake-up) CMR.3 COS Clear Overrun Status HIGH (clear) CMR.2 RRB Release Receive Buffer HIGH (released) CMR.1 AT Abort Transmission LOW (absent) CMR.0 TR Transmission Request LOW (absent) SR.7 BS Bus Status LOW (Bus-On); note 1 SR.6 ES Error Status LOW (no error); note 1 SR.5 TS Transmit Status LOW (idle) SR.4 RS Receive Status LOW (idle) SR.3 TCS Transmission Complete Status HIGH (complete) SR.2 TBS Transmit Buffer Access HIGH (released) SR.1 DO Data Overrun LOW (absent) SR.0 RBS Receive Buffer Status LOW (empty) IR.3 OI Overrun Interrupt LOW (reset) IR.1 TI Transmit Interrupt LOW (reset) IR.0 RI Receive Interrupt LOW (reset) Note 1. Only after an external reset; see note 5 to Table 37 “Description of the SR bits”. 1996 Jun 27 41 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 13.5.7 P8xCE598 When the complete message has been correctly received the following occurs: ACCEPTANCE CODE REGISTER (ACR) The Acceptance Code Register is part of the acceptance filter of the CAN-controller. This register can be accessed (read/write), if the Reset Request bit is set HIGH (present). • The Receive Buffer Status bit is set HIGH (full) • If the Receive Interrupt Enable bit is set HIGH (enabled), the Receive Interrupt is set HIGH (set). When a message is received which passes the acceptance test and if there is an empty Receive Buffer, then the respective Descriptor and Data Field (see Fig.15) are sequentially stored in this empty buffer. During transmission of a message which passes the acceptance test, the message is also written to its own Receive Buffer. If no Receiver Buffer is available, Data Overrun is signalled because it is not known at the start of a message whether the CAN-controller will lose arbitration and so become a receiver of the message. In the event that there is no empty Receive Buffer, the Data Overrun bit is set HIGH (overrun); see Sections 13.5.5 and 13.5.6. Table 41 Acceptance Code Register (address 4) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 AC.7 AC.6 AC.5 AC.4 AC.3 AC.2 AC.1 AC.0 Table 42 Description of the ACR bits BIT 7 to 0 13.5.8 SYMBOL AC.7 to AC.0 FUNCTION Acceptance Code. The Acceptance Code bits (AC.7 to AC.0) and the eight most significant bits of the message's Identifier (ID.10 to ID.3) must be equal to those bit positions which are marked relevant by the Acceptance Mask bits (AM.7 to AM.0). The acceptance is given, if the following equation is satisfied: (ID10 ... ID.3) = [(AC.7 ... AC.0) or (AM.7 ... AM.0)] = 1111 1111 B The Acceptance Mask Register qualifies which of the corresponding bits of the acceptance code are ‘relevant’ or ‘don't care’ for acceptance filtering. ACCEPTANCE MASK REGISTER (AMR) The Acceptance Mask Register is part of the acceptance filter of the CAN-controller. This register can be accessed (read/write) if the Reset Request bit is set HIGH (present). Table 43 Acceptance Mask Register (address 5) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 AM.7 AM.6 AM.5 AM.4 AM.3 AM.2 AM.1 AM.0 Table 44 Description of the AMR bits BIT 7 to 0 SYMBOL AM.7 to AM.0 FUNCTION Acceptance Mask. If the Acceptance Mask bit is: HIGH (don’t care), then this bit position is ‘don’t care’ for the acceptance of a message. LOW (relevant), then this bit position is ‘relevant’ for acceptance filtering. 1996 Jun 27 42 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 13.5.9 P8xCE598 This register can be accessed (read/write) if the Reset Request bit is set HIGH (present). For further information on bus timing, see Sections 13.5.10 and 13.5.18. BUS TIMING REGISTER 0 (BTR0) The contents of Bus Timing Register 0 defines the values of the Baud Rate Prescaler (BRP) and the Synchronization Jump Width (SJW). Table 45 Bus Timing Register 0 (address 6) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 SJW.1 SJW.0 BRP.5 BRP.4 BRP.3 BRP.2 BRP.1 BRP.0 Table 46 Description of the BTR0 bits BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION 7 SJW.1 6 SJW.0 5 BRP.5 4 BRP.4 3 BRP.3 2 BRP.2 Baud Rate Prescaler. The period of the system clock tSCL is programmable and determines the individual bit timing.The system clock is calculated using the following equation: t SCL = 2t CLK ( 32BRP.5 + 16BRP.4 + 8BRP.3 + 4BRP.2 + 2BRP.1 + BRP.0 + 1 ) 1 BRP.1 Where tCLK = time period of the P8xCE598 oscillator. 0 BRP.0 1996 Jun 27 Synchronization Jump Width. To compensate for phase shifts between clock oscillators of different bus controllers, any bus controller must resynchronize on any relevant signal edge of the current transmission. The synchronization jump width defines the maximum number of clock cycles a bit period may be shortened or lengthened by one resynchronization: t SJW = t SCL ( 2SJW.1 + SJW.0 + 1 ) 43 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 This register can be accessed (read/write) if the Reset Request bit is set HIGH (present).For further information on bus timing, see Sections 13.5.9 and 13.5.18. 13.5.10 BUS TIMING REGISTER 1(BTR1) The contents of Bus Timing Register 1 defines the length of the bit period, the location of the sample point and the number of samples to be taken at each sample point. Table 47 Bus Timing Register 1 (address 7) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 SAM TSEG2.2 TSEG2.1 TSEG2.0 TSEG1.3 TSEG1.2 TSEG1.1 TSEG1.0 Table 48 Description of the BTR1 bits BIT 7 SYMBOL SAM FUNCTION Sampling. If the bit SAM is: HIGH (3 samples), then three samples are taken. This is recommended for slow/medium speed buses (SAE class A and B) where filtering of spikes on the bus-line is beneficial (see Section 13.5.19.6). LOW (1 sample), the bus is sampled once. This is recommended for high speed buses (SAE class C). 6 TSEG2.2 5 TSEG2.1 4 TSEG2.0 3 TSEG1.3 2 TSEG1.2 1 TSEG1.1 0 TSEG1.0 1996 Jun 27 Time Segment 1 (TSEG1) and Time Segment 2 (TSEG2). TSEG1 determines the number of clock cycles per bit period and the location of the sample point: t TSEG1 = t SCL ( 8TSEG1.3 + 4TSEG1.2 + 2TSEG1.1 + TSEG1.0 + 1 ) TSEG2 determines the number of clock cycles per bit period and the location of the sample point: t TSEG2 = t SCL ( 4TSEG2.2 + 2TSEG2.1 + TSEG2.0 + 1 ) 44 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 is in the reset state (Reset Request = HIGH) the output drivers are floating. 13.5.11 OUTPUT CONTROL REGISTER (OCR) The Output Control Register allows, under software control, the set-up of different output driver configurations. This register can be accessed (read/write) if the Reset Request bit is set HIGH (present). If the CAN-controller is in the sleep mode (Sleep = HIGH) a recessive level is output on the CTX0 and CTX1 pins. If the CAN-controller Tables 50 and 51, show the relationship between the bits of the Output Control Register and the two serial output pins CTX0 and CTX1 of the P8xCE598 CAN-controller, connected to the serial bus (see Fig.14). Table 49 Output Control Register (address 8) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OCTP1 OCTN1 OCPOL1 OCTP0 OCTN0 OCPOL0 OCMODE1 OCMODE0 Table 50 Description of the OCR bits BIT SYMBOL 7 OCTP1 6 OCTN1 5 OCPOL1 4 OCTP0 3 OCTN0 2 OCPOL0 1 OCMODE1 0 OCMODE0 FUNCTION See Tables 51 and 52. Output Mode. These bits select the output mode; see Table 51. Table 51 Description of the Output Mode bits OCMODE1 OCMODE0 DESCRIPTION 1 0 Normal Output Mode. The bit sequence (TXD) is sent via CTX0, CTX1. TXD is the data bit to be transmitted. The voltage levels on the output driver pins CTX0 and CTX1 depend on both the driver characteristic programmed by OCTPx, OCTNx (float, pull-up, pull-down, push-pull) and the output polarity programmed by OCPOLx (see Fig.17). 1 1 Clock Output Mode. For the CTX0 pin this is the same as in Normal Output Mode (CTX0: bit sequence). However, the data stream to CTX1 is replaced by the transmit clock (TXCLK). The rising edge of the transmit clock (non-inverted) marks the beginning of a bit period. The clock pulse width is tSCL. 0 0 Bi-phase Output Mode. In contrast to Normal Output Mode the bit representation is time variant and toggled. If the bus controllers are galvanically decoupled from the bus-line by a transformer, the bit stream is not allowed to contain a DC component. This is achieved by the following scheme. During recessive bits all outputs are deactivated (floating). Dominant bits are sent alternately on CTX0 and CTX1, i.e. the first dominant bit is sent on CTX0, the second is sent on CTX1, and the third one is sent on CTX0 again, etc. 0 1 Test Output Mode. For the CTX0 pin this is the same as in Normal Output Mode (CTX0: bit sequence). To measure the delay time of the transmitter and receiver this mode connects the output of the input comparator (COMP OUT) with the input of the output driver CTX1. This mode is used for production testing only. 1996 Jun 27 45 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 Table 52 Output pin set-up DRIVE Float Pull-down Pull-up Push/Pull TPx(1) TNx(2) CTXx(3) OCTPx OCTNx OCPOLx TXD 0 0 0 0 OFF OFF float 0 0 0 1 OFF OFF float 0 0 1 0 OFF OFF float 0 0 1 1 OFF OFF float 0 1 0 0 OFF ON LOW 0 1 0 1 OFF OFF float 0 1 1 0 OFF OFF float 0 1 1 1 OFF ON LOW 1 0 0 0 OFF OFF float 1 0 0 1 ON OFF HIGH 1 0 1 0 ON OFF HIGH 1 0 1 1 OFF OFF float 1 1 0 0 OFF ON LOW 1 1 0 1 ON OFF HIGH 1 1 1 0 ON OFF HIGH 1 1 1 1 OFF ON LOW Notes 1. TPx is the on-chip output transistor x, connected to CVDD; x = 0 or 1. 2. TNx is the on-chip output transistor x, connected to CVSS; x = 0 or 1. 3. CTXx is the serial output level on CTX0 or CTX1. It is required that the output level on the CAN-bus is dominant with TXD = 0 and recessive with TXD = 1, see Section 13.6.1.1 “Bit representation”. OCTP1 handbook, full pagewidth OCTP0 CV DD TP0 OCPOL0 CTX0 OCPOL1 TN0 OCMODE0 OCMODE1 TXD TXCLK OUTPUT CONTROL LOGIC CVSS CV DD TP1 CTX1 TN1 CVSS OCTN1 OCTN0 MLC904 Fig.17 Configurable CAN Transmitter. 1996 Jun 27 46 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 13.5.12 TEST REGISTER (TR) The Test Register is used for production testing only. Table 53 Test Register (address 9) 7 Reserved 6 Reserved 5 4 3 2 Map Internal Register Connect RX Buffer 0 CPU Connect TX Buffer CPU Access Internal Bus 1 Normal RAM Connect 0 Float Output Driver 13.5.13 TRANSMIT BUFFER LAYOUT The global layout of the Transmit Buffer is shown in Fig.15. This buffer serves to store a message from the CPU to be transmitted by the CAN-controller. It is subdivided into Descriptor and Data Field. The Transmit Buffer can be written to and read from by the CPU. 13.5.13.1 Descriptor Table 54 Descriptor Byte 1 Register (DSCR1, address 10) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ID.10 ID.9 ID.8 ID.7 ID.6 ID.5 ID.4 ID.3 Table 55 Descriptor Byte 2 Register (DSCR2, address 11) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ID.2 ID.1 ID.0 RTR DLC.3 DLC.2 DLC.1 DLC.0 Table 56 Description of the ID.n bits in DSCR1 and DSCR2 BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION DSCR1 7 ID.10 6 ID.9 5 ID.8 4 ID.7 3 ID.6 2 ID.5 1 ID.4 0 ID.3 Identifier. The Identifier consists of 11 bits (ID.10 to ID.0). ID.10 is the most significant bit, which is transmitted first on the bus during the arbitration process. The Identifier acts as the messages' name, used in a receiver for acceptance filtering, and also determines the bus access priority during the arbitration process. The lower the binary value of the Identifier the higher the priority. This is due to the larger number of leading dominant bits during arbitration (see Section 13.6.7). DSCR2 7 ID.2 6 ID.1 5 ID.0 1996 Jun 27 Identifier. See DSCR1. 47 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 Table 57 Description of the other DSCR2 bits BIT 4 SYMBOL RTR FUNCTION Remote Transmission Request. If the RTR bit is: HIGH (remote), then the Remote Frame will be transmitted by the CAN-controller. LOW (data), then the Data Frame will be transmitted by the CAN-controller. 3 DLC.3 2 DLC.2 1 DLC.1 0 DLC.0 Data Length Code (DLC). The number of bytes (Data Byte Count) in the Data Field of a message is coded by the Data Length Code. At the start of a Remote Frame transmission the Data Length Code is not considered due to the RTR bit being HIGH (remote). This forces the number of transmitted/received data bytes to be a logic 0. Nevertheless, the Data Length Code must be specified correctly to avoid bus errors, if two CAN-controllers start a Remote Frame transmission simultaneously. The range of the Data Byte Count is 0 to 8 bytes and coded as follows: Data Byte Count = 8DLC.3 + 4DLC.2 + 2DLC.1 + DLC.0 For reasons of compatibility no Data Byte Counts other than 0,1,2,....,8 should be used. 13.5.13.2 Data Field 13.5.15 HANDLING OF THE CPU-CAN INTERFACE The number of transferred data bytes is determined by the Data Length Code. The first bit transmitted is the most significant bit of data byte 1 at address 12. Via the four special registers CANADR, CANDAT, CANCON and CANSTA the CPU has access to the CAN-controller and also to the DMA-logic. Note that CANCON and CANSTA have different meanings for a Read and Write access. 13.5.14 RECEIVE BUFFER LAYOUT The layout of the Receive Buffer and the individual bytes correspond to the definitions given for the Transmit Buffer layout, except that the addresses start at 20 instead of 10 (see Fig.15). Table 58 The SFRs between CPU and CAN Reserved bits are read as HIGH. R = Read; W = Write; R/W = Read/Write. BIT ADDRESS ACCESS 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 CANADR DBH R/W DMA Reserved AutoInc CANA4 CANA3 CANA2 CANA1 CANA0 R/W CAND7 CAND6 CAND4 CAND3 CAND2 CAND1 CAND0 CANDAT DAH CAND5 CANCON; Do not use a RMW instruction D9H R Reserved Reserved Reserved WUI OI EI TI RI W RX0A COS RRB AT TR RX1A WUM SLP CANSTA; The bit addresses of CANSTA (7 to 0) are DFH to D8H; do not use a RMW instruction DFH to D8H R W 1996 Jun 27 BS ES TS RS TCS TBS DO RBS RAMA7 RAMA6 RAMA5 RAMA4 RAMA3 RAMA2 RAMA1 RAMA0 48 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 13.5.15.1 Special Function Register CANADR CANADR is implemented as a read/write register. Table 59 SFR CANADR (address DBH) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 DMA − AutoInc CANA4 CANA3 CANA2 CANA1 CANA0 Table 60 Description of the CANADR bits BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION 7 DMA DMA-logic controlled via bit CANADR.7 (see Section 13.5.17). 6 − Reserved. 5 AutoInc Auto Address Increment mode controlled via bit CANADR.5 (see Section 13.5.16). 4 CANA4 3 CANA3 2 CANA2 1 CANA1 The five least significant bits CANADR.4 to CANADR.0 define the address of one of the CAN-controller internal registers to be accessed via CANDAT. For instance, after an external hardware (e.g. power-on) reset CANADR contains the value 64H, and hence the CPU accesses (read/write) the Acceptance Code register of the CAN-controller, via the SFR CANDAT. 0 CANA0 13.5.15.2 Special Function Register CANDAT CANDAT is implemented as a read/write register. Table 61 SFR CANDAT (address DAH) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 CAND7 CAND6 CAND5 CAND4 CAND3 CAND2 CAND1 CAND0 Table 62 Description of the CANADR bits BIT 7 to 0 1996 Jun 27 SYMBOL CAND7 to CAND0 FUNCTION The SFR CANDAT appears as a port to the CAN-controller internal register (memory location) being selected by CANADR. Reading or writing CANDAT is effectively an access to that CAN-controller internal register, which is selected by CANADR. 49 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 13.5.15.3 Special Function Register CANCON Table 63 SFR CANCON in Read access (address D9H) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 − − − WUI OI EI TI RI Table 64 Description of the CANCON bits in Read access When reading CANCON the Interrupt Register of the CAN-controller is accessed. BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION 7 − 6 − 5 − 4 WUI Wake-Up Interrupt (see Table 39). 3 OI Overrun Interrupt (see Table 39). 2 EI Error Interrupt (see Table 39). 1 TI Transmit Interrupt (see Table 39). 0 RI Receive Interrupt (see Table 39). Reserved; bits are read as HIGH. Table 65 SFR CANCON in Write access (address D9H) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 RX0A RX1A WUM SLP COS RRB AT TR Table 66 Description of the CANCON bits in Write access When writing to CANCON then the Command Register of the CAN-controller is accessed. BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION 7 RX0A RX0 Active (see Table 34). 6 RX1A RX1 Active (see Table 34). 5 WUM Wake-Up Mode (see Table 34). 4 SLP Sleep (see Table 34). 3 COS Clear Overrun Status (see Table 34). 2 RRB Release Receive Buffer (see Table 34). 1 AT Abort Transmission (see Table 34). 0 TR Transmission Request (see Table 34). 1996 Jun 27 50 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 13.5.15.4 Special Function Register CANSTA CANSTA is implemented as a bit-addressable read/write register. The bit addresses of CANSTA (7 to 0) are DFH to D8H. Table 67 SFR CANCON in Read access (address DFH to D8H) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 BS ES TS RS TCS TBS DO RBS Table 68 Description of the CANCON bits in Read access When reading CANSTA the Status Register of the CAN-controller is accessed. BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION 7 BS Bus Status (see Table 37). 6 ES Error Status (see Table 37). 5 TS Transmit Status (see Table 37). 4 RS Receive Status (see Table 37). 3 TCS Transmission Complete Status (see Table 37). 2 TBS Transmit Buffer Access (see Table 37). 1 DO Data Overrun (see Table 37). 0 RBS Receive Buffer Status (see Table 37). Table 69 SFR CANCON in Write access (address DFH to D8H) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 RAMA7 RAMA6 RAMA5 RAMA4 RAMA3 RAMA2 RAMA1 RAMA0 Table 70 Description of the CANSTA bits in Write access Writing to CANSTA sets the address of the on-chip MAIN RAM (internal Data Memory) for a subsequent DMA transfer. BIT 7 to 0 1996 Jun 27 SYMBOL FUNCTION − RAMA7 to RAMA0 51 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 CANADR, CANDAT, CANCON or CANSTA is not allowed. After having set the DMA-bit, every interrupt is disabled until the end of the transfer. Note, that disadvantageous programming may lead to an interrupt response time of at most 10 instruction cycles. The shortest interrupt response time is achieved by using 2 consecutive 1-cycle instructions directly after setting the DMA-bit. 13.5.16 AUTO ADDRESS INCREMENT With the Auto Address Increment mode a fast stack-like reading and writing of CAN-controller internal registers is provided. If the bit CANADR.5 (AutoInc) is HIGH, the content of CANADR is incremented automatically after any read or write access to CANDAT. For instance, loading a message into the Transmit Buffer can be done by writing 2AH into CANADR and then moving byte by byte of the message to CANDAT. Incrementing CANADR beyond XX111111B resets the bit CANADR.5 (AutoInc) automatically (CANADR = XX000000B). During the reset state (bit Reset Request is HIGH) a DMA transfer is not possible. 13.5.18 BUS TIMING/SYNCHRONIZATION The Bus Timing Logic (BTL) monitors the serial bus-line via the on-chip input comparator and performs the following functions (see Section 13.4 “Hardware blocks of the CAN-controller”): 13.5.17 HIGH SPEED DMA The DMA-logic allows you to transfer a complete message (up to 10 bytes) between CAN-controller and Main RAM in 2 instruction cycles at maximum; up to 4 bytes are transferred in 1 instruction cycle. The performance of the CPU is strongly enhanced because this very fast transfer is carried out in the background. • Monitors the serial bus-line level • Adjusts the sample point, within a bit period (programmable) • Samples the bus-line level using majority logic (programmable, 1 or 3 samples) A DMA transfer is achieved by first writing the RAM address (00H to FFH) into CANSTA and then setting the TX- or RX-Buffer address in CANDR and the bit CANADR.7 (DMA) simultaneously; the RAM address points to the location of the first byte to be transferred. Setting the DMA bit causes an automatic evaluation of the Data Length Code and then the transfer; for a TX-DMA transfer the Data Length Code is expected at the location ‘RAM address + 1’. • Synchronization to the bit stream: – hard synchronization at the start of a message – resynchronization during transfer of a message. The configuration of the BTL is performed during the initialization of the CAN-controller. The BTL uses the following three registers: • Control Register (Sync) In order to program a TX-DMA transfer the value 8AH (address 10) has to be written into CANADR. Then a complete message, consisting of the 2-byte Descriptor and the Data Field (0 to 8 bytes), starting at location ‘RAM address’ is transferred to the TX-Buffer. • Bus Timing Register 0 • Bus Timing Register 1. 13.5.19 BIT TIMING The RX-DMA transfer is very versatile. By writing a value in the range of 94H (address 20) up to 9DH (address 29) into CANADR the whole or a part of the received message, starting at the specified address, is transferred to the internal Data Memory. This allows e.g. to transfer the bytes of the Data Field only. A bit period is built up from a number of system clock cycles (tSCL), see Section 13.5.9. One bit period is the result of the addition of the programmable segments TSEG1 and TSEG2 and the general segment SYNCSEG. After a successful DMA transfer the DMA-bit is reset. 13.5.19.1 Synchronization Segment (SYNCSEG) During a DMA transfer the CPU can process the next instruction. However, an access to the Data Memory, The incoming edge of a bit is expected during this state; this state corresponds to one system clock cycle (1 × tSCL). 1996 Jun 27 52 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 nominal bit time handbook, full pagewidth SYNC.SEG PROP.SEG PHASE SEG1 PHASE SEG2 sample point (a) t (one bit period) t SYNCSEG t TSEG1 t TSEG2 transmit point sample point 1 clock cycle (t SCL ) (b) MGA163 (a) As defined by the CAN-protocol. (b) As implemented in the P8xCE598's on-chip CAN-controller. Fig.18 Bit period. • To avoid sampling at an incorrect position, it is necessary to include an additional synchronization buffer on both sides of the sample point. The main reasons for incorrect sampling are: 13.5.19.2 Time Segment 1 (TSEG1) This segment determines the location of the sampling point within a bit period, which is at the end of TSEG1. TSEG1 is programmable from 1 to 16 system clock cycles (see Section 13.5.10). – incorrect synchronization due to spikes on the bus-line The correct location of the sample point is essential for the correct functioning of a transmission. The following points must be taken into consideration: – slight variations in the oscillator frequency of each CAN-controller in the network, which results in a phase error. • A Start-Of-Frame (see Section 13.6.2) causes all CAN-controllers to perform a ‘hard synchronization’ (see Section 13.5.20) on the first recessive-to-dominant edge. During arbitration, however, several CAN-controllers may simultaneously transmit. Therefore it may require twice the sum of bus-line, input comparator and the output driver delay times until the bus is stable. This is the propagation delay time. 1996 Jun 27 • Time Segment 1 consists of the segment for compensation of propagation delays and the synchronization buffer segment directly before the sample point (see Fig.18). 53 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 This type of synchronization occurs only at the beginning of a message. 13.5.19.3 Time Segment 2 (TSEG2) This time segment provides: The CAN-controller synchronizes on the first incoming recessive-to-dominant edge of a message (being the leading edge of a message's Start-Of-Frame bit; see Section 13.6.2. • additional time at the sample point for calculation of the subsequent bit levels (e.g. arbitration) • synchronization buffer segment directly after the sample point. Resynchronization occurs during the transmission of a message's bit stream to compensate for: TSEG2 is programmable from 1 to 8 system clock cycles (see Section 13.5.10. • Variations in individual CAN-controller oscillator frequencies 13.5.19.4 Synchronisation Jump Width (SJW) • Changes introduced by switching from one transmitter to another (e.g. during arbitration). SJW defines the maximum number of clock cycles (tSCL) a period may be reduced or increased by one resynchronization. SJW is programmable from 1 to 4 system clock cycles, see Section 13.5.2. As a result of resynchronization either tTSEG1 may be increased by up to a maximum of tSJW or tTSEG2 may be decreased by up to a maximum of tSJW: • tTSEG1 ≤ tSCL [(TSEG1 + 1) + (SJW + 1)] 13.5.19.5 Propagation Delay Time (tprop) • tTSEG2 ≥ tSCL [(TSEG2 + 1) − (SJW + 1)]. The Propagation Delay Time is: t prop = 2 × ( physical bus delay + input comparator delay + output driver delay ). TSEG1, TSEG2 and SJW are the programmed numerical values. tprop is rounded up to the nearest multiple of tSCL. The phase error (e) of an edge is given by the position of the edge relative to SYNCSEG, measured in system clock cycles (tSCL). 13.5.19.6 Bit Timing Restrictions The value of the phase error is defined as: Restrictions on the configuration of the bit timing are based on internal processing. The restrictions are: • e = 0, if the edge occurs within SYNCSEG • tTSEG2 ≥ 2tSCL • e < 0, if the edge occurs within TSEG2. • tTSEG2 ≥ tSJW The effect of resynchronization is: • e > 0, if the edge occurs within TSEG1 • tTSEG1 ≥ tSEG2 • The same as that of a hard synchronization, if the magnitude of the phase error (e) is less or equal to the programmed value of tSJW • tTSEG1 ≥ tSJW + tprop. The three sample mode (SAM = HIGH) has the effect of introducing a delay of one system clock cycle on the bus-line. This must be taken into account for the correct calculation of TSEG1 and TSEG2: • To increase a bit period by the amount of tSJW,if the phase error is positive and the magnitude of the phase error is larger than tSJW • To decrease a bit period by the amount of tSJW if the phase error is negative and the magnitude of the phase error is larger than tSJW. • tTSEG1 ≥ tSJW + tprop + 2tSCL • tTSEG2 ≥ 3tSCL. 13.5.20 SYNCHRONIZATION Synchronization is performed by a state machine which compares the incoming edge with its actual bit timing and adapts the bit timing by hard synchronization or resynchronization. 1996 Jun 27 54 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 13.5.20.1 Synchronization Rules 13.6.2 The synchronization rules are as follows: A Data Frame carries data from a transmitting CAN-controller to one or more receiving ones. A Data Frame is composed of seven different bit-fields: • Only one synchronization within one bit time is used. • An edge is used for synchronization only if the value detected at the previous sample point differs from the bus value immediately after the edge. • Start-Of-Frame • Arbitration Field • Hard synchronization is performed whenever there is a recessive-to-dominant edge during Bus-Idle (see Section 13.6.6). • Control Field • Data Field (may have a length of zero) • CRC Field • All other edges (recessive-to-dominant and optionally dominant-to recessive edges if the Sync bit is set HIGH (see Section 13.5.3) which are candidates for resynchronization will be used with the following exception: • Acknowledge Field • End-Of-Frame. 13.6.2.1 – A transmitting CAN-controller will not perform a resynchronization as a result of a recessive-to-dominant edge with positive phase error, if only these edges are used for resynchronization. This ensures that the delay times of the output driver and input comparator do not cause a permanent increase in the bit time. 13.6 13.6.2.2 FRAME TYPES 13.6.2.3 • Data Frame, to transfer data Identifier This 11-bit field is used to provide information about the message, as well as the bus access priority. It is transmitted in the order ID.10 to ID.0 (LSB). The situation that the seven most significant bits (ID.10 to ID.4) are all recessive must not occur. • Remote Frame, request for data • Error Frame, globally signal a (locally) detected error condition • Overload Frame, to extend delay time of subsequent frames (an Overload Frame is not initiated by the P8xCE598 CAN-Controller). An Identifier does not define which particular CAN-controller will receive the frame because a CAN based communication network does not differentiate between a point-to-point, multicast or broadcast communication. Bit representation There are two logical bit representations used in the CAN-protocol: • A recessive bit on the bus-line appears only if all connected CAN-controllers send a recessive bit at that moment. • Dominant bits always overwrite recessive bits i.e. the resulting bit level on the bus-line is dominant. 1996 Jun 27 Arbitration Field Consists of the message Identifier and the RTR bit. In the case of simultaneous message transmissions by two or more CAN-controllers the bus access conflict is solved by bit-wise arbitration, which is active during the transmission of the Arbitration Field. The P8xCE598's CAN-controller supports the four different CAN-protocol frame types for communication: 13.6.1.1 Start-Of-Frame bit Signals the start of a Data Frame or Remote Frame. It consists of a single dominant bit use for hard synchronization of a CAN-controller in receive mode. CAN 2.0A Protocol description 13.6.1 DATA FRAME 55 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 13.6.2.4 RTR bit 13.6.2.8 A CAN-controller, acting as a receiver for certain information may initiate the transmission of the respective data by transmitting a Remote Frame to the network, addressing the data source via the Identifier and setting the RTR bit HIGH (remote; recessive bus level). If the data source simultaneously transmits a Data Frame containing the requested data, it uses the same Identifier. No bus access conflict occurs due to the RTR bit being set LOW (data; dominant bus level) in the Data Frame. 13.6.2.5 Control Field All nodes within a CAN network may use all the information coming to the network by all CAN-controllers (shared memory concept). Therefore, acknowledgement and error handling are defined to provide all information in a consistent way throughout this shared memory. Hence, there is no reason to discriminate different receivers of a message in the acknowledge field. If a node is disconnected from the network due to bus failure, this particular node is no longer part of the shared memory. To identify a ‘lost node’ additional and application specific precautions are required. Data Field The data, stored within the Data Field of the Transmit Buffer, are transmitted according to the Data Length Code. Conversely, data of a received Data Frame will be stored in the Data Field of a Receive Buffer. The Data Field can contain from 0 up to 8 bytes. The most significant bit of the first data byte (lowest address) is transmitted/received first. 13.6.2.7 13.6.2.9 End-Of-Frame Each Data Frame or Remote Frame is delimited by the End-Of-Frame bit sequence which consists of seven recessive bits (exceeds the bit stuff width by two bits). Using this method a receiver detects the end of a frame independent of a previous transmission error because the receiver expects all bits up to the end of the CRC Sequence to be coded by the method of bit-stuffing, see Section 13.6.7.3. The bit-stuffing logic is deactivated during the End-Of-Frame sequence. Cyclic Redundancy Code Field (CRC) The CRC Field consists of the CRC Sequence (15 bits) and the CRC Delimiter (1 recessive bit). The Cyclic Redundancy Code (CRC) encloses the destuffed bit stream of the Start-Of-Frame, Arbitration Field, Data Field and CRC Sequence. The most significant bit of the CRC Sequence is transmitted/received first. This frame check sequence, implemented in the CAN-controller is derived from a cyclic redundancy code best suited for frames with a total bit count of less than 127 bits, see Section 13.6.8.3. With Start-Of-Frame (dominant bit) included in the code word, any rotation of the code word can be detected by the absence of the CRC Delimiter (recessive bit). 1996 Jun 27 Acknowledge Field (ACK) The Acknowledge Field consists of two bits, the Acknowledge Slot and the Acknowledge Delimiter, which are transmitted with a recessive level by the transmitter of the Data Frame. All CAN-controllers having received the matching CRC Sequence, report this by overwriting the transmitter's recessive bit in the Acknowledge Slot with a dominant bit. Thereby a transmitter, still monitoring the bus level recognizes that at least one receiver within the network has received a complete and correct message (i.e. no error was found). The Acknowledge Delimiter (recessive bit) is the second bit of the Acknowledge Field. As a result, the Acknowledge Slot is surrounded by two recessive bits: the CRC Delimiter and the Acknowledge Delimiter. This field consists of six bits. It includes two reserved bits (for future expansions of the CAN-protocol), transmitted with a dominant bus level, and is followed by the Data Length Code (4 bits). The number of bytes (destuffed; number of data bytes to be transmitted/received) in the Data Field is indicated by the Data Length Code. Admissible values of the Data Length Code, and hence the number of bytes in the (destuffed) Data Field, are {0, 1, ...., 8}. A logic 0 (logic 1) in the Data Length Code is transmitted as dominant (recessive) bus level, respectively. 13.6.2.6 P8xCE598 56 1996 Jun 27 57 ARBITRATION FIELD: Identifier RTR bit START - OFFRAME CONTROL FIELD: Reserved bits Data Length Code CRC FIELD: CRC Sequence CRC Delimiter ACKNOWLEDGE FIELD: ACK Slot ACK Delimiter END - OF FRAME MGA164 dominant level recessive level INTER-FRAME SPACE or OVERLOAD FRAME 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN Fig.19 Data Frame. DATA FIELD: 0 to 8 bytes DATA FRAME handbook, full pagewidth INTER-FRAME SPACE Philips Semiconductors Product specification P8xCE598 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 13.6.3 P8xCE598 from Start-Of-Frame to CRC Delimiter, or destroys the fixed form of the fields Acknowledge Field or End-Of-Frame (see Fig.20). Consequently, all other CAN-controllers detect an error condition and start transmission of an Error Flag. Therefore the sequence of dominant bits, which can be monitored on the bus, results from the superimposing of different Error Flags transmitted by individual CAN-controllers. The total length of this sequence varies between six (minimum) and twelve (maximum) bits. REMOTE FRAME A CAN-controller acting as a receiver for certain information may initiate the transmission of the respective data by transmitting a Remote Frame to the network, addressing the data source via the Identifier and setting the RTR bit HIGH (remote; recessive bus level). The Remote Frame is similar to the Data Frame with the following exceptions: • RTR bit is set HIGH • Data Length Code is ignored An error-passive CAN-controller (see Section 13.6.9) detecting an error condition tries to signal this by transmission of a Passive Error Flag. The error-passive CAN-controller waits for six consecutive bits with identical polarity, beginning at the start of the Passive Error Flag. The Passive Error Flag is complete when these six identical bits have been detected. • no Data Field contained. Note that the value of the Data Length Code should be the one of the corresponding Data Frame, although it is ignored for a Remote Frame. A Remote Frame is composed of six different bit fields: • Start-of-Frame • Arbitration Field 13.6.4.2 • Control Field The Error Delimiter consists of eight recessive bits and has the same format as the Overload Delimiter. After transmission of an Error Flag, each CAN-controller monitors the bus-line until it detects a transition from a dominant-to-recessive bit level. At this point in time, every CAN-controller has finished sending its Error Flag and has additionally sent the first out of the 8 recessive bits of the Error Delimiter. Afterwards all CAN-controllers transmit the remaining recessive bits. After this event and an Intermission Field all error-active CAN-controllers within the network can start a transmission simultaneously. • CRC Field • Acknowledge Field • End-Of-Frame. See Section 13.6.2 for more detailed explanation of the Remote Frame bit fields. 13.6.4 ERROR FRAME The Error Frame consists of two different fields: • The first field, accomplished by the superimposing of Error Flags contributed from different CAN-controllers If a detected error is signalled during transmission of a Data Frame or Remote Frame, the current message is spoiled and a retransmission of the message is initiated. • The second field is the Error Delimiter. 13.6.4.1 If a CAN-controller monitors any deviation of the Error Frame, a new Error Frame will be transmitted. Several consecutive Error Frames may result in the CAN-controller becoming error-passive and leaving the network unblocked. Error Flag There are two forms of an Error Flag: • Active Error Flag, consists of six consecutive dominant bits In order to terminate an Error Flag correctly, an error-passive CAN-controller requires the bus to be Bus-Idle (see Section 13.6.6) for at least three bit periods (if there is a local error at an error-passive-receiver). Therefore a CAN-bus should not be 100% permanently loaded. • Passive Error Flag, consists of six consecutive recessive bits unless it is overwritten by dominant bits from other CAN-controllers. An error-active CAN-controller (see Section 13.6.9) detecting an error condition signals this by transmission of an Active Error Flag. This Error Flag's form violates the bit-stuffing rule (see Section 13.6.7) applied to all fields, 1996 Jun 27 Error Delimiter 58 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN DATA FRAME P8xCE598 INTER-FRAME SPACE or OVERLOAD FRAME ERROR FRAME handbook, full pagewidth 1 ERROR FLAG superimposing of ERROR FLAGs ERROR DELIMITER MGA165 Fig.20 Error Frame. 13.6.5 13.6.5.1 OVERLOAD FRAME The Overload Frame consists of two fields: The Overload Flag consists of six dominant bits and has a similar format to the Error Flag. • The Overload Flag • The Overload Delimiter. There are two conditions in the CAN-protocol which lead to the transmission of an Overload Flag: The transmission of an Overload Frame may only start: • Condition 1; receiver circuitry requires more time to process the current data before receiving the next frame (receiver not ready). • Condition 1; during the first bit period of an expected Intermission Field. • Condition 2; one bit period after detecting the dominant bit during Intermission Field. • Condition 2; detection of a dominant bit during Intermission Field (see Section 13.6.6). The P8xCE598's on-chip CAN-controller will never initiate transmission of a condition 1 Overload Frame and will only react on a transmitted condition 2 Overload Frame, according to the CAN-protocol. No more than two Overload Frames are generated to delay a Data Frame or a Remote Frame. Although the overall form of the Overload Frame corresponds to that of the Error Frame, an Overload Frame does not initiate or require the retransmission of the preceding frame. 1996 Jun 27 Overload Flag The Overload Flag's form corrupts the fixed form of the Intermission Field. All other CAN-controllers detecting the overload condition also transmit an Overload Flag (condition 2). 59 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 13.6.5.2 During arbitration every transmitting CAN-controller compares its transmitted bit level with the monitored bus level. Any CAN-controller which transmits a recessive bit and monitors a dominant bus level immediately becomes the receiver of the higher-priority message on the bus without corrupting any information on the bus. Each message contains an unique Identifier and a RTR bit describing the type of data within the message. The Identifier together with the RTR bit implicitly define the message's bus access priority. During arbitration the most significant bit of the Identifier is transmitted first and the RTR bit last. The message with the lowest binary value of the Identifier and RTR bit has the highest priority. A Data Frame has higher priority than a Remote Frame due to its RTR bit having a dominant level. Overload Delimiter The Overload Delimiter consists of eight recessive bits and takes the same form as the Error Delimiter. After transmission of an Overload Flag, each CAN-controller monitors the bus-line until it detects a transition from a dominant-to-recessive bit level. At this point in time, every CAN-controller has finished sending its Overload Flag and all CAN-controllers start simultaneously transmitting seven more recessive bits. 13.6.6 INTER-FRAME SPACE Data Frames and Remote Frames are separated from preceding frames (all types) by an Inter-Frame Space, consisting of an Intermission Field and a Bus-Idle. Error-passive CAN-controllers also send a Suspend Transmission (see Section 13.6.9) after transmission of a message. Overload Frames and Error Frames are not preceded by an Inter-Frame Space. 13.6.6.1 For every Data Frame there is an unique transmitter. For reasons of compatibility with other CAN-bus controllers, use of the Identifier bit pattern ID = 1111111XXXXB (X being bits of arbitrary level) is forbidden. The number of available different Identifiers: Intermission Field ( 2 11 – 2 4 ) = 2032. The Intermission Field consists of three recessive bits. During an Intermission period, no frame transmissions will be started by the P8xCE598's on-chip CAN-controller. An Intermission is required to have a fixed time period to allow a CAN-controller to execute internal processes prior to the next receive or transmit task. 13.6.6.2 13.6.7.3 • Start-Of-Frame • Arbitration Field Bus-Idle • Control Field • Data Field • CRC Sequence. When a transmitting CAN-controller detects five consecutive bits of identical polarity to be transmitted, a complementary (stuff) bit is inserted into the transmitted bit-stream. BUS ORGANIZATION Bus organization is based on five basic rules described in the following subsections. 13.6.7.1 When a receiving CAN-controller has monitored five consecutive bits with identical polarity in the received bit streams of the above described bit fields, it automatically deletes the next received (stuff) bit. The level of the deleted stuff bit has to be the complement of the previous bits; otherwise a Stuff Error will be detected and signalled (see Section 13.6.8). Bus Access CAN-controllers only start transmission during the Bus-Idle state. All CAN-controllers synchronize on the leading edge of the Start-Of-Frame (hard synchronization). 13.6.7.2 The remaining bit fields or frames are of fixed form and are not coded or decoded by the method of bit-stuffing. Bus Arbitration The bit-stream in a message is coded according to the Non-Return-to-Zero (NRZ) method, i.e. during a bit period, the bit level is held constant, either recessive or dominant. If two or more CAN-controllers simultaneously start transmitting, the bus access conflict is solved by a bit-wise arbitration process during transmission of the Arbitration Field. 1996 Jun 27 Coding/Decoding The following bit fields are coded using the bit-stuffing technique: The Bus-Idle time may be of arbitrary length (min. 0 bit). The bus is recognized to be free and a CAN-controller having information to transmit may access the bus. The detection of a dominant bit level during Bus-Idle on the bus is interpreted as the Start-Of-Frame. 13.6.7 P8xCE598 60 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 13.6.7.4 the retransmission of any previous Data Frame or Remote Frame. If a CAN-controller which transmitted an Overload Frame monitors any deviation of its fixed form, it transmits an Error Frame. Error Signalling A CAN-controller which detects an error condition, transmits an Error Flag. Whenever a Bit Error, Stuff Error, Form Error or an Acknowledgement Error is detected, transmission of an Error Flag is started at the next bit. Whenever a CRC Error is detected, transmission of an Error Flag starts at the bit following the Acknowledge Delimiter, unless an Error Flag for another error condition has already started. An Error Flag violates the bit-stuffing law or corrupts the fixed form bit fields. A violation of the bit-stuffing law affects any CAN-controller which detects the error condition. These devices will also transmit an Error Flag. 13.6.8 13.6.8.1 Bit Error A transmitting CAN-controller monitors the bus on a bit-by-bit basis. If the bit level monitored is different from the transmitted one, a Bit Error is signalled. The exceptions being: • During the Arbitration Field, a recessive bit can be overwritten by a dominant bit. In this case, the CAN-controller interprets this as a loss of arbitration. • During the Acknowledge Slot, only the receiving CAN-controllers are able to recognize a Bit Error. 13.6.8.2 After transmission of an Error Flag, each CAN-controller monitors the bus-line until it detects a transition from a dominant-to-recessive bit level. At this point in time, every CAN-controller has finished transmitting its Error Flag and all CAN-controllers start transmitting seven additional recessive bits (Error Delimiter, see Section 13.6.4). Stuff Error The following bit fields are coded using the bit-stuffing technique: • Start-Of-Frame • Arbitration Field • Control Field The message format of a Data Frame or Remote Frame is defined in such a way that all detectable errors can be signalled within the message transmission time and therefore it is very simple for the CAN-controllers to associate an Error Frame to the corresponding message and to initiate retransmission of the corrupted message. If a CAN-controller monitors any deviation of the fixed form of an Error Frame, it transmits a new Error Frame. • Data Field • CRC Sequence. There are two possible ways of generating a Stuff Error: • A disturbance generates more than the allowed five consecutive bits with identical polarity. These errors are detected by all CAN-controllers. • A disturbance falsifies one or more of the five bits preceding the stuff bit. This error situation is not recognized as a Stuff Error by the receivers. Therefore, other error detection processes may detect this error condition such as: Overload Signalling Some CAN-controllers (but not the one on-chip of the P8xCE598) require to delay the transmission of the next Data Frame or Remote Frame by transmitting one or more Overload Frames. The transmission of an Overload Frame must start during the first bit of an expected Intermission Field. Transmission of Overload Frames which are reactions on a dominant bit during an expected Intermission Field, start one bit after this event. – CRC check, format violation at the receiving CAN-controllers, or – Bit Error detection by the transmitting CAN-controller. Though the format of Overload Frame and Error Frame are identical, they are treated differently. Transmission of an Overload Frame during Intermission Field does not initiate 1996 Jun 27 ERROR DETECTION The processes described in Sections 13.6.8.1 to 13.6.10.3 are implemented in the P8xCE598's on-chip CAN-controller for error detection. An error-passive CAN-controller (see Section 13.6.9) which detects an error condition, transmits a Passive Error Flag. A Passive Error Flag is not able to interrupt a current message at different CAN-controllers but this type of Error Flag may be ignored (overwritten) by other CAN-controllers. After having detected an error condition, an error-passive CAN-controller will wait for six consecutive bits with identical polarity and when monitoring them, interpret them as an Error Flag. 13.6.7.5 P8xCE598 61 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 13.6.8.3 CRC Error 13.6.8.5 To ensure the validity of a transmitted message all receivers perform a CRC check. Therefore, in addition to the (destuffed) information digits (Start-Of-Frame up to Data Field), every message includes some control digits (CRC Sequence; generated by the transmitting CAN-controller of the respective message) used for error detection. Acknowledgement Error This is detected by a transmitter whenever it does not monitor a dominant bit during the Acknowledge Slot. 13.6.8.6 Error detection by an Error Flag from another CAN-controller The detection of an error is signalled by transmitting an Error Flag. An Active Error Flag causes a Stuff Error, a Bit Error or a Form Error at all other CAN-controllers. The code used by all CAN-controllers is a (shortened) BCH code, extended by a parity check and has the following attributes: 13.6.8.7 • 127 bits as maximum length of the code. Error Detection Capabilities Errors which occur at all CAN-controllers (global errors) are 100% detected. For local errors, i.e. for errors occurring at some CAN-controllers only, the shortened BCH code, extended by a parity check, has the following error detection capabilities: • 112 bits as maximum number of information digits (max. 83 bits are used by the CAN-controller). • Length of the CRC Sequence amounts to 15 bits. • Hamming distance d = 6. • Up to five single Bit Errors are 100% detected, even if they are distributed randomly within the code. As a result, ‘(d−1)’ random errors are detectable (some exceptions exist). • All single Bit Errors are detected if their total number (within the code) is odd. The CRC Sequence is determined (calculated) by the following procedure: • The residual error probability of the CRC check amounts to (3 × 10−5). As an error may be detected not only by CRC check but also by other detection processes described above the residual error probability is several magnitudes less than (3 × 10−5). 1. The destuffed bit stream consisting of Start-Of-Frame up to the Data Field (if present) is interpreted as polynomial with coefficients 0 or 1. 2. This polynomial is divided (modulo-2) by the following generator polynomial, which includes a parity check: 13.6.9 f(x) = ( x 14 + x 9 + x 8 + x 6 + x 5 + x 4 + x 2 + x + 1 ) (x + 1) = 1100010110011001 B. 13.6.9.1 3. The remainder of this polynomial division is the CRC sequence. ERROR CONFINEMENT DEFINITIONS Bus-OFF A CAN-controller which has too many unsuccessful transmissions, relative to the number of successful transmissions, will enter the Bus-OFF state. It remains in this state, neither receiving nor transmitting messages until the Reset Request bit is set LOW (absent) and both Error Counters set to 0 (see Section 13.6.10). Burst errors are detected up to a length of 15 [degree of f(x)]. Multiple errors (number of disturbed bits at least d = 6) are not detected with a residual error probability of 2 –15 ( 3 × 10 –5 ) by CRC check only. 13.6.8.4 P8xCE598 13.6.9.2 Form Error Acknowledge A CAN-controller which has received a valid message correctly, indicates this to the transmitter by transmitting a dominant bit level on the bus during the Acknowledge Slot, independent of accepting or rejecting the message. Form Errors result from violations of the fixed form of the following bit fields: • CRC Delimiter • Acknowledge Delimiter • End-Of-Frame 13.6.9.3 • Error Delimiter An error-active CAN-controller in its normal operating state is able to receive and to transmit normally and also to transmit an Active Error Flag (see Section 13.6.10). • Overload Delimiter. During the transmission of these bit fields an error condition is recognized if a dominant bit level instead of a recessive one is detected. 1996 Jun 27 62 Error-Active Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 13.6.9.4 13.6.10.2 Detection and localization of hardware disturbances and defects Error-Passive An error-passive CAN-controller may transmit or receive messages normally. In the case of a detected error condition it transmits a Passive Error Flag instead of an Active Error Flag. Hence the influence on bus activities by an error-active CAN-controller (e.g. due to a malfunction) is reduced. 13.6.9.5 The rules for error confinement are defined by the CAN-protocol specification (and implemented in the P8xCE598's on-chip CAN-controller), in such a way that the CAN-controller, being nearest to the error-locus, reacts with a high probability the quickest (i.e. becomes error-passive or Bus-OFF). Hence errors can be localized and their influence on normal bus activities is minimized. Suspend Transmission After an error-passive CAN-controller has transmitted a message, it sends eight recessive bits after the Intermission Field and then checks for Bus-Idle. If during Suspend Transmission another CAN-controller starts transmitting a message the suspended CAN-controller will become the receiver of this message; otherwise being in Bus-Idle it may start to transmit a further message. 13.6.9.6 13.6.10.3 Error Confinement All CAN-controllers contain a Transmit Error Counter and a Receive Error Counter, which registers errors during the transmission and the reception of messages, respectively. If a message is transmitted or received correctly, the count is decreased. In the event of an error, the count is increased. The Error Counters have an non-proportional method of counting: an error causes a larger counter increase than a correctly transmitted/received message causes the count to decrease. Over a period of time this may result in an increase in error counts, even if there are fewer corrupted messages than uncorrupted ones. The level of the Error Counters reflect the relative frequency of disturbances. The ratio of increase/decrease depends on the acceptable ratio of invalid/valid messages on the bus and is hardware implemented to eight. Start-Up A CAN-controller which either was switched off or in the Bus-OFF state, must run a Start-Up routine in order to: • Synchronize with other available CAN-controllers before starting to transmit. Synchronization is achieved, when 11 recessive bits, equivalent to Acknowledge Delimiter, End-Of-Frame and Intermission Field, have been detected (Bus-Free). • Wait for other CAN-controllers without passing into the Bus-OFF state (due to a missing acknowledge), if there is no other CAN-controller currently available. If one of the Error Counters exceeds the Warning Limit of 96 error points, indicating a significant accumulation of error conditions, this is signalled by the CAN-controller (Error Status, Error Interrupt). 13.6.10 AIMS OF ERROR CONFINEMENT A CAN-controller operates in the error-active mode until it exceeds 127 error points on one of its Error Counters. At this value it will enter the error-passive state. A transmit error which exceeds 255 error points results in the CAN-controller entering the Bus-OFF state. 13.6.10.1 Distinction of short and long disturbances The CPU must be informed when there are long disturbances and when bus activities have returned to normal operation. During long disturbances, a CAN-controller enters the Bus-OFF state and the CPU may use default values. Minor disturbances of bus activities will not effect a CAN-controller. In particular, a CAN-controller does not enter the Bus-OFF state or inform the CPU of a short bus disturbance. 1996 Jun 27 P8xCE598 63 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 14 INTERRUPT SYSTEM External events and the real-time-driven on-chip peripherals require service by the CPU asynchronous to the execution of any particular section of code. To tie the asynchronous activities of these functions to normal program execution a multiple-source, two-priority-level, nested interrupt system is provided. Interrupt response latency is from 2.25 µs to 7.5 µs when using a 16 MHz crystal. The latency time strongly depends on the sequence of instructions executed directly after an interrupt request. During a CAN-DMA transfer the interrupt system is disabled (see Section 13.5.17). The P8xCE598 acknowledges interrupt requests from fifteen sources as follows: • INT0 and INT1: externally via pins 43 and 44 respectively • Timer 0 and Timer 1: from the two internal counters – If the capture function remains unused and the Capture Register contents are ‘don't care’ then the corresponding input pins ‘CTnI’, with ‘n = 0 ... 3’, may be used as positive and/or negative edge triggered external interrupts INT2 to INT5. But note that they can not terminate the Idle mode because the Timer 2 is switched off then. • Timer T2, 8 separate interrupts: – 4 capture interrupts – 3 compare interrupts – An overflow interrupt. • ADC end-of-conversion interrupt • CAN Controller interrupt • UART serial I/O port interrupt. Each interrupt vectors to a separate location in Program Memory for its service program. Each source can be individually enabled or disabled by a corresponding bit in the IEN0 or IEN1 register, moreover each interrupt may be programmed to a HIGH or LOW priority level using a corresponding bit in the IP0 or IP1 register. Also all enabled sources can be globally disabled or enabled. Both external interrupts can be programmed to be level-activated or transition-activated, and an active LOW level allows ‘wire-ORing’ of several interrupt sources to the input pin. 1996 Jun 27 64 P8xCE598 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN handbook, full pagewidth INT0 P8xCE598 interrupt enable registers interrupt sources source enable global enable interrupt priority registers EXTERNAL INTERRUPT REQUEST 0 a1 a1 a2 b1 CAN SERIAL PORT 1 b1 c1 d1 b2 INT1 CT1I CT2I CT3I e1 c1 f1 c2 g1 TIMER 0 OVERFLOW d1 h1 d2 i1 j1 TIMER 2 CAPTURE 0 e1 e2 l1 TIMER 2 COMPARE 0 f1 m1 f2 n1 EXTERNAL INTERRUPT REQUEST 1 g1 TIMER 2 CAPTURE 1 h1 TIMER 2 COMPARE 1 i1 i2 c2 TIMER 1 OVERFLOW j1 d2 j2 e2 TIMER 2 CAPTURE 2 k1 f2 g2 TIMER 2 COMPARE 2 l1 l2 j2 UART SERIAL PORT 0 T m1 k2 R m2 l2 m2 TIMER 2 CAPTURE 3 n1 n2 n2 o2 TIMER T2 OVERFLOW o1 ADC CT0I polling hardware high priority interrupt request k1 o1 vector SOURCE IDENTIFICATION g2 h2 k2 o2 a2 b2 low priority interrupt request h2 i2 vector SOURCE IDENTIFICATION MGA166 Fig.21 Interrupt system. 1996 Jun 27 65 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 14.1 P8xCE598 Interrupt Enable and Priority Registers INTERRUPT ENABLE REGISTER 0 (IEN0) 14.1.1 Table 71 Interrupt Enable register 0 (address A8H) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 EA EAD ES1 ES0 ET1 EX1 ET0 EX0 Table 72 Description of the IEN0 bits BIT 7 SYMBOL EA FUNCTION General enable/disable control. If bit EA is: LOW, then no interrupt is enabled. HIGH, then any individually enabled interrupt will be accepted. 6 EAD Enable ADC interrupt. 5 ES1 Enable SIO1 (CAN) interrupt. 4 ES0 Enable SIO0 (UART) interrupt. 3 ET1 Enable Timer 1 interrupt. 2 EX1 Enable External 1 interrupt. 1 ET0 Enable Timer 0 interrupt. 0 EX0 Enable External 0 interrupt. INTERRUPT ENABLE REGISTER 1 (IEN1) 14.1.2 Table 73 Interrupt Enable register 0 (address E8H) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ET2 ECM2 ECM1 ECM0 ECT3 ECT2 ECT1 ECT0 Table 74 Description of the IEN1 bits Logic 0 = interrupt disabled; logic 1 = interrupt enabled. BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION 7 ET2 Enable T2 overflow interrupt(s). 6 ECM2 Enable T2 comparator 2 interrupt. 5 ECM1 Enable T2 comparator 1 interrupt. 4 ECM0 Enable T2 comparator 0 interrupt. 3 ECT3 Enable T2 capture register 3 interrupt. 2 ECT1 Enable T2 capture register 2 interrupt. 1 ECT1 Enable T2 capture register 1 interrupt. 0 ECT0 Enable T2 capture register 0 interrupt. 1996 Jun 27 66 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 14.1.3 P8xCE598 INTERRUPT PRIORITY REGISTER 0 (IP0) Table 75 Interrupt Priority register 0 (address B8H) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 − PAD PS1 PS0 PT1 PX1 PT0 PX0 Table 76 Description of the IP0 bits BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION 7 − Not used. 6 PAD ADC interrupt priority level. 5 PS1 SIO1 (CAN) interrupt priority level. 4 PS0 SIO0 (UART) interrupt priority level. 3 PT1 Timer 1 interrupt priority level. 2 PX1 External interrupt 1 priority level. 1 PT0 Timer 0 interrupt priority level. 0 PX0 External interrupt 0 priority level. INTERRUPT PRIORITY REGISTER 1 (IP1) 14.1.4 Table 77 Interrupt Priority register 1 (address F8H) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 PT2 PCM2 PCM1 PCM0 PCT3 PCT2 PCT1 PCT0 Table 78 Description of the IP1 bits Logic 0 = low priority; logic 1 = high priority. BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION 7 PT2 T2 overflow interrupt(s) priority level. 6 PCM2 T2 comparator 2 priority interrupt level. 5 PCM1 T2 comparator 1 priority interrupt level. 4 PCM0 T2 comparator 0 priority interrupt level. 3 PCT3 T2 capture register 3 priority interrupt level. 2 PCT2 T2 capture register 2 priority interrupt level. 1 PCT1 T2 capture register 1 priority interrupt level. 0 PCT0 T2 capture register 0 priority interrupt level. 1996 Jun 27 67 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 14.2 Interrupt Vectors P8xCE598 14.3 The vector indicates the Program Memory location where the appropriate interrupt service routine starts (see Table 79). Each interrupt source can be either high priority or low priority. If both priorities are requested simultaneously, the processor will branch to the high priority vector. If there are simultaneous requests from sources of the same priority, then interrupts will be serviced in the following order: Table 79 Interrupt vectors SOURCE BIT X0, S1, ADC, T0, CT0, CM0, X1, CT1, CM1, T1, CT2, CM2, S0, CT3, T2. VECTOR External 0 X0 0003H Timer 0 overflow T0 000BH External 1 X1 0013H Timer 1 overflow T1 001BH Serial I/O 0 (UART) S0 0023H Serial I/O 1 (CAN) S1 002BH T2 capture 0 CT0 0033H T2 capture 1 CT1 003BH T2 capture 2 CT2 0043H T2 capture 3 CT3 004BH ADC completion ADC 0053H T2 compare 0 CM0 005BH T2 compare 1 CM1 0063H T2 compare 2 CM2 006BH T2 overflow T2 0073H Interrupt Priority A low priority interrupt routine can only be interrupted by a high priority interrupt. A high priority interrupt routine can not be interrupted. 15 POWER REDUCTION MODES The P8xCE598 has three software-selectable modes to reduce power consumption. These are: • Sleep mode, affecting the CAN Controller only • Idle mode, affecting the – CPU (halted) – Timer 2 (stopped and reset) – PWM0, PWM1 (reset, output = HIGH) – ADC (aborted if in progress) • Power-down mode, affecting the whole P8xCE598 device. handbook, full pagewidth XTAL2 XTAL1 sleep CAN interrupts serial ports timer blocks OSCILLATOR CLOCK GENERATOR CPU IDL PD T2 PWM ADC MGA167 Fig.22 Internal Sleep, Idle and Power-down clock configuration. 1996 Jun 27 68 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 15.1 P8xCE598 Power Control Register (PCON) Table 80 Power Control Register (address 87H) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 SMOD − RFI WLE GF1 GF0 PD IDL Table 81 Description of the PCON bits BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION 7 SMOD Double Baud rate bit. When set to logic 1 the baud rate is doubled when the serial port SIO0 is being used in Modes 1, 2 and 3. 6 − Reserved. 5 RFI RFI-Reduction Mode bit. When set to HIGH the toggling of ALE pin is prohibited. This bit is cleared on RESET; see also ALE/PROG in Sections 2.1 and 2.2. 4 WLE Watchdog Load Enable. This flag must be set by software prior to loading T3 (watchdog timer). It is cleared when T3 is loaded. 3 GF1 General purpose flag bits. 2 GF0 1 PD Power-down bit. Setting this bit activates Power-down mode (note 1). It can only be set if input EW is HIGH. 0 IDL Idle mode bit. Setting this bit activates the Idle mode (note 1). Note 1. If PD and IDL are set to HIGH at the same time, PD takes precedence. The reset value of PCON is 0X000000B. 15.2 There are three ways to terminate the Idle mode: CAN Sleep Mode • Activation of any enabled interrupt will cause PCON.0 to be cleared by hardware, provided that the interrupt source is active during Idle mode. After the interrupt is serviced, the program continues with the instruction immediately after the one, at which the interrupt request was detected. In order to reduce power consumption of the P8xCE598 the CAN Controller may be switched off (disconnecting the internal clock) by setting the CAN Command Register bit 4 (Sleep) HIGH. The CAN Controller leaves this Sleep mode by detecting either activity on the CAN-bus (dominant bit-level on CRX0/CRX1; see Chapter 5, Table 1) or by setting the Sleep bit to LOW. As the CPU can not only write to the Sleep bit, but can also read it, the CAN Controller status can be determined directly. 15.3 • The flag bits GF0 and GF1 may be used to determine whether the interrupt was received during normal execution or during the Idle mode. For example, the instruction that writes to PCON.0 can also set or clear one or both flag bits. When Idle mode is terminated by an interrupt, the service routine can examine the status of the flag bits. Idle Mode The instruction that sets bit PCON.0 to HIGH is the last one executed in the normal operating mode before Idle mode is activated. • Another way of terminating the Idle mode is an external hardware reset. Since the oscillator is still running, the reset signal is required to be active only for two machine cycles (24 oscillator periods) to complete to reset operation. Once in the Idle mode, the CPU status is preserved in its entirety: the Stack Pointer, Program Counter, Program Status Word, Accumulator, RAM and all other registers maintain their data during Idle mode. The status of the external pins during Idle mode is shown in see Table 82. 1996 Jun 27 • The third way is the internally generated watchdog reset after an overflow of Timer 3. 69 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 15.4 P8xCE598 A hardware reset affects the whole P8xCE598, but leaves the contents of the on-chip RAM unchanged (CAN Controller-and CPU's SFRs are reset, see Section 13.5.2, Chapter 17 and Table 40). A CAN Wake-Up interrupt during Power-down mode causes a reset output pulse with a width of 6144 machine cycles (4.6 ms with fCLK = 16 MHz). All hardware except that for the CAN Controller of the P8xCE598 is reset (i.e. the contents of all CAN Controller registers are preserved). Power-down Mode The instruction that sets bit PCON.1 to HIGH, is the last one executed before entering the Power-down mode. In Power-down mode the oscillator of the P8xCE598 is stopped. If the CAN Controller is in use, it is recommended to set it into Sleep mode before entering Power-down mode. However, setting PCON.1 to HIGH also sets the Sleep bit (CAN Controller Command Register bit 4) to HIGH. A capacitance connected to the RST pin can be used to lengthen the internally generated reset pulse. If the pulse exceeds 8192 machine cycles, the CAN Controller part is reset too. The P8xCE598 leaves Power-down mode either by a hardware reset or by a CAN Wake-Up interrupt (due to activity on the CAN-bus), if the SIO1 (CAN) interrupt source is enabled (contents of register IEN0 = 1X1XXXXXB). Table 82 Status of external pins during Idle and Power-down modes MODE Idle Power-down PROGRAM ALE PSEN PORT0 PORT1(1) PORT2 PORT3 PORT4 PWM0/ PWM1 internal 1 1 port data port data port data port data port data 1 external 1 1 floating port data address port data port data 1 internal 0 0 port data port data port data port data port data 1 external 0 0 floating port data port data port data port data 1 Note 1. If the port pins P1.6 and P1.7 are used as the CAN transmitter outputs (CTX0 and CTX1), then during Sleep and Power-down mode these pins output a ‘recessive’ level (see Sections 13.5.2 and 13.5.11). 1996 Jun 27 70 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 16 OSCILLATOR CIRCUITRY handbook, halfpage The oscillator circuitry of the P8xCE598 is a single-stage inverting amplifier in a Pierce oscillator configuration. The circuitry between XTAL1 and XTAL2 is basically an inverter biased to the transfer point. Either a crystal or ceramic resonator can be used as the feedback element to complete the oscillator circuitry. Both are operated in parallel resonance. XTAL1 (pin 52) is the high gain amplifier input, and XTAL2 (pin 51) is the output (see Fig.23). If XTAL1 is driven from an external source, XTAL2 must be left open (see Fig.24). C1 XTAL1 52 20 pF C2 XTAL2 51 20 pF MLC905 Fig.23 P8xCE598 oscillator circuit. 17 RESET CIRCUITRY handbook, halfpage The reset pin RST is connected to a Schmitt trigger for noise rejection (see Fig.25). A reset is accomplished by holding the RST pin HIGH for at least two machine cycles (24 oscillator periods). The CPU responds by executing an internal reset. During reset ALE and PSEN output a HIGH level. In order to perform a correct reset, this level must not be affected by external elements. external clock (not TTL compatible) not connected XTAL2 52 51 MLC906 Also with the P8xCE598, the RST line can be pulled HIGH internally by a pull-up transistor activated by the Watchdog timer T3. The length of the output pulse from T3 is 3 machine cycles. A pulse of such short duration is necessary in order to recover from a processor or system fault as fast as possible. Fig.24 Driving P8xCE598 from an external source. VDD handbook, halfpage overflow timer T3 During Power-down a reset could be generated internally via the CAN Wake-Up interrupt. Then the RST pin is pulled HIGH for 6144 machine cycles. In this case the CAN Controller is not reset. wake-up reset If the Watchdog timer or the CAN Wake-Up interrupt is used to reset external devices, the usual capacitor arrangement for Power-on-reset (see Fig.26) should not be used. CAN RST R RST on-chip However, the internal reset is forced, independent of the external level on the RST pin. CPU MGA170 - 1 The MAIN RAM and AUXILIARY RAM are not affected. When VDD is turned on, the RAM content is indeterminate. A reset leaves the internal registers as shown in Table 83). 1996 Jun 27 XTAL1 Fig.25 On-chip reset configuration. 71 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 Table 83 Internal registers' contents after a reset X = undefined state. REGISTER 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 REGISTER 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 CPU part CANSTA 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 ACC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CANCON X X X 0 0 0 0 0 ADC0 X X 0 0 0 0 0 0 CANDAT X X X X X X X X ADCH X X X X X X X X CANADR 0 X 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SP CML0 to CML2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 STE 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 CMH0 to CMH2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TCON 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CTCON 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TH0, TH1 CTL0 to CTL3 X X X X X X X X TMH2 CTH0 to CTH3 X X X X X X X X TL0, TL1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 DPL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TML2 DPH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TMOD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 IEN0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TM2CON 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 IEN1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TM2IR IP0 X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T3 IP1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAN part PCH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CR 0 X 1 X X X X 1 PCL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CMR 1 1 X 0 X X X X PCON 0 X 0 0 0 0 0 0 SR 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 PSW 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 IR X X X 0 0 0 0 0 PWM0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ACR X X X X X X X X PCWM1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AMR X X X X X X X X PCWMP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BTR0 X X X X X X X X P0 to P4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 BTR1 X X X X X X X X P5 X X X X X X X X OCR X X X X X X X X RTE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TR X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X S0BUF X X X X X X X X TXB 10 to 19 S0CON 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 RXB 20 to 29 1996 Jun 27 72 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 17.1 Power-on Reset P8xCE598 18.1 If the RST pin is connected to VDD via a 2.2 µF capacitor, as shown in Fig.26, an automatic reset can be obtained by switching on VDD (provided its rise time is <10 ms). The decrease of the RST pin voltage depends on the capacitor and the internal resistor RRST. That voltage must remain above the lower threshold for at minimum the oscillator start-up time plus 2 machine cycles. Addressing Modes Most instructions have a ‘destination/source’ field that specifies the data type, addressing modes and operands involved. For all these instructions, except from MOVs, the destination operand is also a source operand (e.g. ADD A, R7). Five types of addressing modes are used: • Register Addressing, – R0 to R7 (4 banks) – A,B,C (bit), AB (2 bytes), DPTR (double byte). • Direct Addressing, V DD handbook, halfpage – lower 128 bytes of internal Main RAM (including the 4 R0 to R7 register banks) VDD 2.2 µF – Special Function Registers (SFRs) – 128 bits in a subset of the internal Main RAM (see Fig.5) P8xCE598 – 128 bits in a subset of the Special Function Registers (see Figs 6 and 7). RST • Register-Indirect Addressing, R RST – internal RAM (@R0, @R1, @SP [PUSH/POP]) – internal Auxiliary RAM (@R0, @R1, @DPTR) – external Data Memory (@DPTR). MLB232 • Immediate Addressing, Fig.26 Power-on-reset. – Program Memory (in-code 8 bit or 16 bit constant) • Base-Register-plus Index-Register-Indirect Addressing, 18 INSTRUCTION SET – Program Memory look-up table (@DPTR+A, @PC+A). The P8xCE598 uses the powerful instruction set of the P80C51. It consists of 49 single-byte, 45 two-byte and 17 three-byte instructions. Using a 16 MHz quartz, 64 of the instructions are executed in 0.75 µs, 45 in 1.5 µs and the multiply, divide instructions in 3 µs. A summary of the instruction set is given in Tables 84, 85, 86, 87 and 88. 1996 Jun 27 The first three addressing modes are usable for destination operands. 73 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 18.2 P8xCE598 Instruction Set For the description of the Data Addressing Modes and Hexadecimal opcode cross-reference see Table 88. Table 84 Instruction set description: Arithmetic operations MNEMONIC DESCRIPTION BYTES CYCLES OPCODE (HEX) Arithmetic operations ADD A,Rr Add register to A 1 1 2* ADD A,direct Add direct byte to A 2 1 25 ADD A,@Ri Add indirect RAM to A 1 1 26, 27 ADD A,#data Add immediate data to A 2 1 24 ADDC A,Rr Add register to A with carry flag 1 1 3* ADDC A,direct Add direct byte to A with carry flag 2 1 35 ADDC A,@Ri Add indirect RAM to A with carry flag 1 1 36, 37 ADDC A,#data Add immediate data to A with carry flag 2 1 34 SUBB A,Rr Subtract register from A with borrow 1 1 9* SUBB A,direct Subtract direct byte from A with borrow 2 1 95 SUBB A,@Ri Subtract indirect RAM from A with borrow 1 1 96, 97 SUBB A,#data Subtract immediate data from A with borrow 2 1 94 INC A Increment A 1 1 04 INC Rr Increment register 1 1 0* INC direct Increment direct byte 2 1 05 INC @Ri Increment indirect RAM 1 1 06, 07 DEC A Decrement A 1 1 14 DEC Rr Decrement register 1 1 1* DEC direct Decrement direct byte 2 1 15 DEC @Ri Decrement indirect RAM 1 1 16, 17 INC DPTR Increment data pointer 1 2 A3 MUL AB Multiply A and B 1 4 A4 DIV AB Divide A by B 1 4 84 DA A Decimal adjust A 1 1 D4 1996 Jun 27 74 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 Table 85 Instruction set description: Logic operations MNEMONIC DESCRIPTION BYTES CYCLES 1 1 OPCODE (HEX) Logic operations ANL A,Rr AND register to A ANL A,direct AND direct byte to A 2 1 55 ANL A,@Ri AND indirect RAM to A 1 1 56, 57 ANL A,#data AND immediate data to A 2 1 54 ANL direct,A AND A to direct byte 2 1 52 ANL direct,#data AND immediate data to direct byte 3 2 53 ORL A,Rr OR register to A 1 1 4* ORL A,direct OR direct byte to A 2 1 45 ORL A,@Ri OR indirect RAM to A 1 1 46, 47 ORL A,#data OR immediate data to A 2 1 44 ORL direct,A OR A to direct byte 2 1 42 ORL direct,#data OR immediate data to direct byte 3 2 43 XRL A,Rr Exclusive-OR register to A 1 1 6* XRL A,direct Exclusive-OR direct byte to A 2 1 65 XRL A,@Ri Exclusive-OR indirect RAM to A 1 1 66, 67 XRL A,#data Exclusive-OR immediate data to A 2 1 64 XRL direct,A Exclusive-OR A to direct byte 2 1 62 XRL direct,#data Exclusive-OR immediate data to direct byte 3 2 63 CLR A Clear A 1 1 E4 CPL A Complement A 1 1 F4 RL A Rotate A left 1 1 23 RLC A Rotate A left through the carry flag 1 1 33 RR A Rotate A right 1 1 03 RRC A Rotate A right through the carry flag 1 1 13 SWAP A Swap nibbles within A 1 1 C4 1996 Jun 27 75 5* Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 Table 86 Instruction set description: Data transfer MNEMONIC DESCRIPTION BYTES CYCLES 1 1 OPCODE (HEX) Data transfer MOV A,Rr Move register to A MOV A,direct (note 1) Move direct byte to A 2 1 E5 MOV A,@Ri Move indirect RAM to A 1 1 E6, E7 MOV A,#data Move immediate data to A 2 1 74 MOV Rr,A Move A to register 1 1 F* MOV Rr,direct Move direct byte to register 2 2 A* MOV Rr,#data Move immediate data to register 2 1 7* MOV direct,A Move A to direct byte 2 1 F5 MOV direct,Rr Move register to direct byte 2 2 8* MOV direct,direct Move direct byte to direct 3 2 85 MOV direct,@Ri Move indirect RAM to direct byte 2 2 86, 87 MOV direct,#data Move immediate data to direct byte 3 2 75 MOV @Ri,A Move A to indirect RAM 1 1 F6, F7 MOV @Ri,direct Move direct byte to indirect RAM 2 2 A6, A7 MOV @Ri,#data Move immediate data to indirect RAM 2 1 76, 77 MOV DPTR,#data 16 Load data pointer with a 16-bit constant 3 2 90 MOVC A,@A+DPTR Move code byte relative to DPTR to A 1 2 93 MOVC A,@A+PC Move code byte relative to PC to A 1 2 83 MOVX A,@Ri Move external RAM (8-bit address) to A 1 2 E2, E3 MOVX A,@DPTR Move external RAM (16-bit address) to A 1 2 E0 MOVX @Ri,A Move A to external RAM (8-bit address) 1 2 F2, F3 MOVX @DPTR,A Move A to external RAM (16-bit address) 1 2 F0 PUSH direct Push direct byte onto stack 2 2 C0 POP direct Pop direct byte from stack 2 2 D0 XCH A,Rr Exchange register with A 1 1 C* XCH A,direct Exchange direct byte with A 2 1 C5 XCH A,@Ri Exchange indirect RAM with A 1 1 C6, C7 XCHD A,@Ri Exchange LOW-order digit indirect RAM with A 1 1 D6, D7 Note 1. MOV A,ACC is not permitted. 1996 Jun 27 76 E* Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 Table 87 Instruction set description: Boolean variable manipulation, Program and machine control MNEMONIC DESCRIPTION BYTES CYCLES OPCODE (HEX) Boolean variable manipulation CLR C Clear carry flag 1 1 C3 CLR bit Clear direct bit 2 1 C2 SETB C Set carry flag 1 1 D3 SETB bit Set direct bit 2 1 D2 CPL C Complement carry flag 1 1 B3 CPL bit Complement direct bit 2 1 B2 ANL C,bit AND direct bit to carry flag 2 2 82 ANL C,/bit AND complement of direct bit to carry flag 2 2 B0 ORL C,bit OR direct bit to carry flag 2 2 72 ORL C,/bit OR complement of direct bit to carry flag 2 2 A0 MOV C,bit Move direct bit to carry flag 2 1 A2 MOV bit,C Move carry flag to direct bit 2 2 92 Program and machine control ACALL addr11 Absolute subroutine call 2 2 •1 LCALL addr16 Long subroutine call 3 2 12 RET Return from subroutine 1 2 22 RETI Return from interrupt 1 2 32 AJMP addr11 Absolute jump 2 2 ♦1 LJMP addr16 Long jump 3 2 02 SJMP rel Short jump (relative address) 2 2 80 JMP @A+DPTR Jump indirect relative to the DPTR 1 2 73 JZ rel Jump if A is zero 2 2 60 JNZ rel Jump if A is not zero 2 2 70 JC rel Jump if carry flag is set 2 2 40 JNC rel Jump if carry flag is not set 2 2 50 JB bit,rel Jump if direct bit is set 3 2 20 JNB bit,rel Jump if direct bit is not set 3 2 30 JBC bit,rel Jump if direct bit is set and clear bit 3 2 10 CJNE A,direct,rel Compare direct to A and jump if not equal 3 2 B5 CJNE A,#data,rel Compare immediate to A and jump if not equal 3 2 B4 CJNE Rr,#data,rel Compare immediate to register and jump if not equal 3 2 B* CJNE @Ri,#data,rel Compare immediate to indirect and jump if not equal 3 2 B6, B7 DJNZ Rr,rel Decrement register and jump if not zero 2 2 D* DJNZ direct,rel Decrement direct and jump if not zero 3 2 D5 No operation 1 1 00 NOP 1996 Jun 27 77 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 Table 88 Description of the mnemonics in the Instruction set MNEMONIC DESCRIPTION Data addressing modes Rr Working register R0-R7. direct 128 internal RAM locations and any special function register (SFR). @Ri Indirect internal RAM location addressed by register R0 or R1 of the actual register bank. #data 8-bit constant included in instruction. #data 16 16-bit constant included as bytes 2 and 3 of instruction. bit Direct addressed bit in internal RAM or SFR. addr16 16-bit destination address. Used by LCALL and LJMP. The branch will be anywhere within the 64 kbytes Program Memory address space. addr11 11-bit destination address. Used by ACALL and AJMP. The branch will be within the same 2 kbytes page of Program Memory as the first byte of the following instruction. rel Signed (two's complement) 8-bit offset byte. Used by SJMP and all conditional jumps. Range is −128 to +127 bytes relative to first byte of the following instruction. Hexadecimal opcode cross-reference * 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F. • 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, B, D, F. ♦ 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, A, C, E. 1996 Jun 27 78 1996 Jun 27 79 AJMP addr11 ACALL addr11 AJMP addr11 ACALL addr11 PUSH direct POP direct MOVX A,@DTPR MOVX @DTPR,A B C D E F CLR C CPL C INC DPTR MOVC A,@A+DPTR MOVC A,@A+PC JMP @A+DPTR XRL direct,#data ANL direct,#data ORL direct,#data RLC A RL A RRC A 3 RR A 1. MOV A, ACC is not a valid instruction. SETB SETB bit C MOVX A,@Ri 0 1 MOVX @Ri,A 0 1 CLR bit CPL bit MOV bit,C MOV bit,C ANL C,bit ORL C,bit XRL direct,A ANL direct,A ORL direct,A RETI RET LCALL addr16 2 LJMP addr16 CPL A CLR A DA A SWAP A CJNE A,#data,rel MUL AB SUBB A,#data DIV AB MOV A,#data XRL A,#data ANL A,#data ORL A,#data ADDC A,#data ADD A,#data DEC A MOV direct,A MOV A,direct (1) DJNZ direct,rel XCH A,direct CJNE A,direct,rel SUBB A,direct MOV direct,direct MOV direct,#data XRL A,direct ANL A,direct ORL A,direct ADDC A,direct ADD A,direct DEC direct 5 INC direct DEC @Ri INC @Ri 1 7 0 1 ADD A,@Ri 0 1 ADDC A,@Ri 0 1 ORL A,@Ri 0 1 ANL A,@Ri 0 1 XRL A,@Ri 0 1 MOV @Ri,#data 0 1 MOV direct,@Ri 0 1 SUBB A,@Ri 0 1 MOV @Ri,direct 0 1 CJNE @Ri,#data,rel 0 1 XCH A,@Ri 0 1 XCHD A,@Ri 0 1 MOV A,@Ri 0 1 MOV @Ri,A 0 1 0 6 8 9 A B C D E INC Rr 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 DEC Rr 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 ADD A,Rr 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 ADDC A,Rr 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 ORL A,Rr 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 ANL A,Rr 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 XRL A,Rr 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 MOV Rr,#data 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 MOV direct,Rr 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 SUB A,Rr 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 MOV Rr,direct 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 CJNE Rr,#data,rel 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 XCH A,Rr 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 DJNZ Rr,rel 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 MOV A,Rr 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 MOV Rr,A 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 ← Second hexadecimal character of opcode → 4 INC A 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 F 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN Note ACALL addr11 ANL C,/bit A 7 AJMP addr11 JNZ rel 6 ORL C,/bit ACALL addr11 JZ rel 5 ACALL addr11 AJMP addr11 JNC rel 4 MOV DTPR,#data16 ACALL addr11 JC rel 3 9 AJMP addr11 JNB bit,rel 2 AJMP addr11 ACALL addr11 JB bit,rel 1 SJMP rel AJMP addr11 JBC bit,rel 8 ACALL addr11 NOP 0 1 AJMP addr11 0 ↓ First hexadecimal character of opcode Philips Semiconductors Product specification P8xCE598 Table 89 Instruction map Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 19 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS In accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 134); note 1 SYMBOL PARAMETER MIN. MAX. UNIT VDD voltage on VDD pins −0.5 +6.5 V VI (note 1) input voltage on any pin (except CTX0, CTX1, CRX0, CRX1 and EA/VPP) −0.5 VDD + 0.5 V VI (note 2) input voltage on EA/VPP to VSS −0.5 +13 V II, IO input/output current on any single I/O pin (except from CTX0 and CTX1) − ±10 mA IOT sink current of CTX0, CTX1 together − 30 mA source current of CTX0, CTX1 together − −20 mA Ptot total power dissipation (note 2) − 1.0 W Tstg storage temperature range −65 +150 °C Tamb operating ambient temperature range: P83CE598 FFB/P80CE598 FFB −40 +85 °C P83CE598 FHB/P80CE598 FHB −40 +125 °C Notes 1. The following applies to the Absolute Maximum Ratings: a) Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any conditions other than those described in the Chapters “AC characteristics” and “DC characteristics” of this specification is not implied. b) This product includes circuitry specifically designed for the protection of its internal devices from the damaging effect of excessive static charge. However, its suggested that conventional precautions be taken to avoid applying greater than the rated maxima. c) Parameters are valid over operating temperature range unless otherwise specified. All voltages are with respect to VSS unless otherwise noted. 2. This value is based on the maximum allowable die temperature and the thermal resistance of the package, not on device power consumption. 1996 Jun 27 80 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 20 DC CHARACTERISTICS VDD = 5 V ± 10%; VSS = 0 V; all voltages with respect to VSS unless otherwise specified. Tamb = −40 to +125 °C for the P8xCE598FFB; Tamb = −40 to +85 °C for the P8xCE598FHB. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN. MAX. UNIT Supply (digital part) VDD supply voltage 4.5 5.5 V IDD operating supply current IDD(ID) supply current Idle mode fCLK = 16 MHz; note 1 − 50 mA fCLK = 16 MHz; note 2 − 15 mA IDD(IS) supply current Idle & Sleep mode fCLK = 16 MHz; note 3 − 10 mA IDD(PD) supply current Power-down mode: note 4 P8xCE598 FHB − 150 µA P8xCE598 FFB − 50 µA Inputs VIL LOW level input voltage (except EA, CRX0 and CRX1) −0.5 0.2VDD − 0.1 V VIL1 LOW level input voltage EA −0.5 0.2VDD − 0.3 V VIH HIGH level input voltage (except RST, XTAL1, CRX0,CRX1) 0.2VDD + 0.9 VDD + 0.5 V VIH1 HIGH level input voltage (RST and XTAL1) 0.7VDD VDD + 0.5 V IIL LOW level input current Ports 1, 2, 3 and 4 VI = 0.45 V − −50 µA ITL input current HIGH-to-LOW transition Ports 1, 2, 3 and 4 (except P1.6 and P1.7) VI = 2.0 V to 0.45 V − −650 µA ILI1 input leakage current Port 0, EA, STADC, EW, P1.6, P1.7 0.45 V < VI < VDD − ±10 µA ILI2 input leakage current Port 5 0.45 V < VI < VDD − ±1 µA VOL LOW level output voltage Ports 1, 2, 3 and 4 (except P1.6 and P1.7) IOL = 1.6 mA; note 5 − 0.45 V VOL1 LOW level output voltage Port 0, ALE, PSEN, PWM0, PWM1, P1.6, P1.7 IOL = 3.2 mA; note 5 − 0.45 V VOH HIGH level output voltage Ports 1, 2, 3 and 4 (except P1.6 and P1.7) IOH = −60 µA 2.4 − V IOH = −25 µA 0.75VDD − V IOH = −10 µA 0.9VDD − V IOH = −400 µA 2.4 − V IOH = −150 µA 0.75VDD − V IOH = −40 µA; note 6 0.9VDD − V Outputs VOH1 HIGH level output voltage Port 0 in external bus mode, ALE, PSEN, PWM0, PWM1 1996 Jun 27 81 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN SYMBOL PARAMETER VOH2 HIGH level output voltage RST RRST RST pull-down resistor CI/O I/O pin capacitance P8xCE598 CONDITIONS MIN. IOH = −400 µA 2.4 IOH = −120 µA MAX. UNIT − V 0.8VDD − V 50 150 kΩ test frequency = 1 MHz; Tamb = 25 °C − 10 pF Supply (analog part) AVDD supply voltage AVDD = VDD ± 0.2 V 4.5 5.5 V AIDD supply current operating Port 5 = AVDD; note 1 − 2.5 mA AIDD(ID) supply current Idle mode note 2 − 2.5 mA AIDD(IS) supply current Idle and Sleep mode: note 3 P8xCE598 FHB − 400 µA P8xCE598 xFx − 350 µA P8xCE598 FHB − 400 µA P8xCE598 xFx − 350 µA supply current Power-down mode: AIDD(PD) note 4 Analog inputs AVIN analog input voltage AVSS − 0.2 AVDD + 0.2 V AVREF− reference voltage AVSS − 0.2 − V − AVDD + 0.2 V RREF resistance between AVREF+ and AVREF− 10 50 kΩ CIA analog input capacitance − 15 pF AVREF+ tADS sampling time note 7 − 8tCY µs tADC conversion time (including sample time) note 7 − 50tCY µs DLe differential non-linearity notes 8, 9 and 10 − ±1 LSB ILe integral non-linearity notes 8 and 11 − ±2 LSB OSe offset error notes 8 and 12 − ±2 LSB Ge gain error notes 8 and 13 − ±0.4 % Ae absolute voltage error notes 8 and 14 − ±3 LSB Mctc channel-to-channel matching − ±1 LSB Ct crosstalk between P5 inputs 0 to 100 kHz − −60 dB AVDD = 5 V ± 5%; 1.4 V < VI < AVDD − 1.4 V ±32 − mV 8 30 mV − ±400 nA CAN input comparator (CRX0, CRX1) VDIF differential input voltage (note 15) VHYST hysteresis voltage (note 15) II input current 1996 Jun 27 82 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN SYMBOL PARAMETER P8xCE598 CONDITIONS MIN. MAX. UNIT CAN output driver (VDD = 5 V ± 5%) VOLT output voltage LOW (CTX0 and CTX1) VOHT output voltage HIGH (CTX0 and CTX1) Io = 1.2 mA; note 15 − 0.1 V Io = 10 mA − 0.6 V Io = −1.2 mA; note 15 VDD−0.1 − V Io = −10 mA; note 16 VDD−0.6 − V 1⁄ Reference (AVDD = 5 V ± 5%) VREFOUT REF output voltage −0.1 mA < IL < 0.1 mA; CL = 10 nF; note 15; bit Reference Active = HIGH 1⁄ IREFIN REF input current 1.5 V < VREFIN < AVDD−1.5 V; bit Reference Active = LOW − 2AVDD−0.1 2AVDD+0.1 ±10 V µA Notes to the DC characteristics 1. Conditions for: a) The digital operating current measurement: all output pins disconnected; XTAL1 is driven with tr = tf = 10 ns; VIL = VSS + 0.5 V; VIH = VDD − 0.5 V; EA = RST = Port 0 = P1.6 = P1.7 = EW = VDD; STADC = VSS; CRX0 = 2.7 V; CRX1 = 2.3 V. b) The analog operating current measurement: Port 5 = AVDD; CAN: register 6: = 00H; load current reference voltage source 100 µA. 2. Conditions for: a) The digital Idle mode supply current measurement: all output pins disconnected; XTAL1 is driven with tr = tf = 10 ns; VIL = VSS + 0.5 V; VIH = VDD − 0.5 V; Port 0 = P1.6 = P1.7 = EW = VDD; EA = RST = STADC = VSS; CRX0 = 2.7 V; CRX1 = 2.3 V. b) The analog Idle mode current measurement: Port 5 = AVDD; CAN: register 6: = 00H; load current reference voltage source 100 µA. 3. Conditions for: a) The digital Idle and Sleep mode supply current measurement: all output pins disconnected; XTAL1 is driven with tr = tf = 10 ns; VIL = VSS + 0.5 V; VIH = VDD − 0.5 V; Port 0 = P1.6 = P1.7 = EW = CRX0 = VDD; EA = RST = STADC = CRX1 = VSS; CAN: register 6: = 00H, register 7: = 12H, register 8: = 02H, register 0: = 20H, wait 15tCY, register 1: = 10H, wait for bit Sleep = 1. b) The analog Idle and Sleep mode current measurement: Port 5 = AVDD; load current reference voltage source 100 µA. 4. Window devices have to be covered. Conditions for: a) The digital Power-down mode supply current measurement: all output pins and Port 5 disconnected; Port 0 = P1.6 = P1.7 = EW = CRX0 = VDD; EA = RST = STADC = CRX1 = XTAL1 = AVREF+ = AVREF− = CVSS = VSS; AVDD = VDD, but current into AVDD pin is not comprised in digital Power-down current. b) The analog Power-down mode supply current measurement: Port 5 = AVDD. 5. Capacitive loads on Port 0 and Port 2 may degrade the LOW level output voltage of ALE, Port 1 and Port 3. During a HIGH-to-LOW transition on the Port 0 and Port 2 pins and a capacitive load > 100 pF, the ALE LOW level may exceed 0.8 V. In the case that it is necessary to connect ALE to a Schmitt trigger input respectively use an address latch with a Schmitt trigger STROBE input. 1996 Jun 27 83 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 6. Capacitive loads on Port 0 and Port 2 may cause a HIGH level voltage degradation of ALE and PSEN below 0.9VDD during the address bits are stabilizing. 7. tCY = 12 tCLK is the machine cycle time. 8. AVREF+ = 5.12 V; AVREF− = 0 V; AVDD = 5.0 V. 9. The differential non-linearity (DLe) is the difference between the actual step width and the ideal step width. 10. The ADC is monotonic, there are no missing codes. 11. The integral non-linearity (ILe) is the peak difference between the centre of the steps of the actual and the ideal transfer curve after appropriate adjustment of gain and offset error. 12. The offset error (OSe) is the absolute difference between the straight line which fits the actual transfer curve after removing gain error, and a straight line which fits the ideal transfer curve. The offset error is constant at every point of the actual transfer curve. 13. The gain error (Ge) is relative difference in percent between the straight line fitting the actual transfer curve after removing offset error and the straight line which fits the ideal transfer curve. The gain error is constant at every point on the transfer curve. 14. The absolute voltage error (Ae) is the maximum difference between the centre of the steps of the actual transfer curve of the not calibrated ADC and the ideal transfer curve. 15. Not tested during production. 16. Source current for the CTX0, CTX1 outputs together. MGA172 50 handbook, halfpage I DD (mA) 40 30 20 (1) (2) 10 (3) (4) 0 0 4 8 12 16 f CLK (MHz) (1) (2) (3) (4) Maximum Operating mode (IDD); VDD = 5.5 V. Maximum Operating mode (IDD); VDD = 4.5 V. Maximum Idle and Sleep mode (IDD(IS) ); VDD = 5.5 V. Maximum Idle and Sleep mode (IDD(IS) ); VDD = 4.5 V. Fig.27 Supply current (IDD) as a function of frequency at XTAL1 (fCLK). 1996 Jun 27 84 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 offset error OSe handbook, full pagewidth gain error Ge 1023 1022 1021 1020 1019 (2) 1018 code out 7 (1) 6 5 (5) 4 (4) 3 2 (3) 1 0 1 LSB (ideal) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 offset error OSe (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 1 LSBideal = Example of an actual transfer curve. The ideal transfer curve. Differential non-linearity (DLe). Integral non-linearity (ILe). Centre of a step of the actual transfer curve. Fig.28 ADC conversion characteristic. 1996 Jun 27 85 AVIN (LSBideal) AVREF+−AVREF− 1024 MGA173 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 21 AC CHARACTERISTICS See notes 1 and 2; CL = 100 pF for Port 0, ALE and PSEN; CL = 80 pF for all other outputs unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL PARAMETER VARIABLE CLOCK 1.2 to 16 MHz fCLK = 16 MHz fCLK = 12 MHz MIN. MAX. MIN. MAX. MIN. UNIT MAX. External Program Memory tLHLL ALE pulse width 85 − 127 − 2tCLK − 40 − ns tAVLL address valid to ALE LOW 8 − 28 − tCLK − 55 − ns tLLAX address hold after ALE LOW 28 − 48 − tCLK − 35 − ns tLLIV ALE LOW to valid instruction in − 150 − 233 − 4tCLK − 100 ns tLLPL ALE LOW to PSEN LOW 23 − 43 − tCLK − 40 − ns tPLPH PSEN pulse width 143 − 205 − 3tCLK − 45 − ns tPLIV PSEN LOW to valid instruction in − 83 − 145 − 3tCLK − 105 ns tPXIX input instruction hold after PSEN 0 − 0 − 0 − ns tPXIZ input instruction float after PSEN − 38 − 59 − tCLK − 25 ns tAVIV address to valid instruction in − 208 − 312 − 5tCLK − 105 ns tPLAZ PSEN LOW to address float − 10 − 10 − 10 ns External data memory tRLRH RD pulse width 275 − 400 − 6tCLK − 100 − ns tWLWH WR pulse width 275 − 400 − 6tCLK − 100 − ns tAVLL address valid to ALE LOW 8 − 28 − tCLK − 55 − ns tLLAX address hold after ALE LOW 33 − 53 − tCLK − 30 − ns tRLDV RD LOW to valid data in − 148 − 252 − 5tCLK −165 ns tRHDX data hold after RD 0 − 0 − 0 − ns tRHDZ data float after RD − 55 − 97 − 2tCLK − 70 ns tLLDV ALE LOW to valid data in − 350 − 517 − 8tCLK − 150 ns tAVDV address to valid data in − 398 − 585 − 9tCLK − 165 ns tLLWL ALE LOW to RD or WR LOW 138 238 200 300 3tCLK − 50 3tCLK + 50 ns tAVWL address valid to RD or WR LOW 120 − 203 − 4tCLK − 130 − ns tWHLH RD or WR HIGH to ALE HIGH 23 103 43 123 tCLK − 40 tCLK + 40 ns tQVWX data valid to WR transition 3 − 23 − tCLK − 60 − ns tQVWH data valid time WR HIGH 288 − 433 − 7tCLK − 150 − ns tWHQX data hold after WR 13 − 33 − tCLK − 50 − ns tRLAZ RD LOW to address float − 0 − 0 − 0 ns Notes 1. For the AC Characteristics the following conditions are valid:P8xCE598 FxB: VDD = 5 V ± 10%; Tamb = −40 to +85 °C (125 °C); fCLK = 1.2 to 16 MHz. 2. 1 t CLK = ----------- = one oscillator clock period ; tCLK = 62.5 ns at fCLK = 16 MHz. f CLK 1996 Jun 27 86 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 Table 90 CAN characteristics. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN. MAX. UNIT CAN input comparator/output driver sum of input and output delay tsd P8xCE598 xFx AVDD = 5 V ± 5%; VDIF = ± 32 mV; 1.4 V < VI < AVDD − 1.4 V P8xCE598 FHB 2.4 V handbook, full pagewidth − 60 ns − 70 ns 2.0 V test points 0.8 V 0.45 V (a) float 2.4 V 0.45 V 2.0 V 2.0 V 0.8 V 0.8 V (b) 2.4 V 0.45 V MGA174 AC testing inputs are driven at 2.4 V for a HIGH and 0.45 V for a LOW. Timing measurements are taken at 2.0 V for a HIGH and 0.8 V for a LOW, see Fig.29 (a). The float state is defined as the point at which a Port 0 pin sinks 3.2 mA or sources 400 µA at the voltage test levels, see Fig.29 (b). Fig.29 AC testing input, output waveform (a) and float waveform (b). 1996 Jun 27 87 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 one machine cycle handbook, full pagewidth S1 P1 P2 S2 P1 P2 S3 P1 P2 S4 P1 P2 one machine cycle S5 P1 P2 S6 P1 P2 S1 P1 P2 S2 P1 P2 S3 P1 P2 S4 P1 P2 S5 P1 P2 S6 P1 P2 XTAL1 INPUT ALE dotted lines are valid when RD or WR are active PSEN only active during a read from external data memory RD only active during a write to external data memory WR external program memory fetch BUS (PORT 0) inst. in PORT 2 read or write of external data memory BUS (PORT 0) PORT 2 PORT OUTPUT address A0 - A7 inst. in address A8 - A15 inst. in address A0 - A7 address A0 - A7 inst. in address A8 - A15 inst. in address A0 - A7 address A8 - A15 address A0 - A7 inst. in address A8 - A15 address A8 - A15 address A0 - A7 data output or data input address A8 - A15 or Port 2 out old data address A0 - A7 address A8 - A15 new data PORT INPUT sampling time of I/O port pins during input (including INT0 and INT1) SERIAL PORT CLOCK MGA180 The Port 5 input buffers have a maximum propagation delay of 300 ns. As a result Port 5 sample time begins 300 ns before state S5 and ends when S5 has finished. Fig.30 Instruction cycle timing. 1996 Jun 27 88 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 t CY andbook, full pagewidth t LLIV t LHLL ALE t LLPL t PLPH PSEN t LLAX t AVLL t PLIV A0 to A7 PORT 0 t PXIZ inst. input t PLAZ A0 to A7 inst. input t PXIX t AVIV PORT 2 address A8 to A15 address A8 to A15 MGA176 Fig.31 Read from external Program Memory. t CY handbook, full pagewidth t LHLL t LLDV t WHLH ALE PSEN t LLWL t RLRH RD t AVLL t LLAX t RHDZ t RLDV t AVWL PORT 0 A0 to A7 t RHDX data input t RLAZ tAVDV PORT 2 address A8 to A15 (DPH) or Port 2 MGA177 Fig.32 Read from external Data Memory. 1996 Jun 27 89 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 t CY handbook, full pagewidth t LHLL t WHLH ALE PSEN t LLWL t WLWH WR t AVLL t AVWL t LLAX t QVWH t WHQX t QVWX PORT 0 A0 to A7 data output PORT 2 address A8 to A15 (DPH) or Port 2 MGA178 Fig.33 Write to external Data Memory. t HIGH handbook, full pagewidth V IH1 0.8 V tr V IH1 tf V IH1 0.8 V 0.8 V V IH1 0.8 V t LOW t CLK Fig.34 External clock drive XTAL1 (see Table 91). 1996 Jun 27 90 MGA175 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 Table 91 External clock drive XTAL1 SYMBOL VARIABLE CLOCK (fCLK = 1.2 to 16 MHz) PARAMETER MIN. UNIT MAX. tCLK oscillator clock period (P83CE598) 62.5 833.3 ns tHIGH HIGH time 20 tCLK − tLOW ns tLOW LOW time 20 tCLK − tHIGH ns tr rise time − 20 ns tf fall time − 20 ns tCY cycle time (12 × tCLK) 0.75 10 µs Table 92 UART Timing in Shift Register Mode fCLK SYMBOL 16 MHz PARAMETER 12 MHz VARIABLE CLOCK MIN. MAX. MIN. MAX. MIN. UNIT MAX. tXLXL Serial Port clock cycle timing 0.75 − 1.0 − 12 tCLK − ms tQVXH output data setup to clock rising edge 492 − 700 − 10 tCLK − 133 − ns tXHQX output data hold after clock rising edge 8.0 − 50 − 2 tCLK − 117 − ns tXHDX input data hold after clock rising edge 0 − 0 − 0 − ns tXHDV clock rising edge to input data valid − 492 − 700 − 10 tCLK − 133 ns andbook, full pagewidth INSTRUCTION 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ALE t XLXL CLOCK t XHQX OUTPUT DATA t QVXH WRITE TO SBUF INPUT DATA t XHDX SET TI t XHDV VALID VALID VALID VALID VALID VALID VALID VALID CLEAR RI MGA179 Fig.35 UART waveforms in Shift Register Mode. 1996 Jun 27 91 SET RI Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN It is measured from the initiation of the transfer up to the signalling of reception. For instance, this is the period of time between programming the CAN Command Register bit 0 (Transmission Request) to HIGH and the time getting an interrupt at a receiving CAN-device (due to the reception of the respective message). 22 CAN APPLICATION INFORMATION 22.1 Latency time requirements Real-time applications require the ability to process and transfer information in a limited and predetermined period of time. If knowing this total time and the time required to process the information, the (maximum allowed) transfer delay time is given. 22.1.1 P8xCE598 MAXIMUM ALLOWED BIT-TIME CALCULATION The maximum allowed bit-time (tBIT) due to latency time requirements can be calculated as: t MAX TRANSFER TIME t BIT ≤ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------( n BIT, MAX LATENCY + n BIT, MESSAGE ) (1) Where: • tMAX TRANSFER TIME: the maximum allowed transfer delay time (application-specific). • nBIT, MAX LATENCY: the maximum latency time (in terms of number of bits), which depends on the actual state of the CAN network (e.g. another message already on the network). • nBIT, MESSAGE: the number of bits of a message; it varies with the number of transferred data bytes nDATA BYTES (0..8) and Stuffbits like: 44 + 8.n DATA BYTES ≤ n BIT, MESSAGE ≤ 52 + 10.n DATABYTES (2) Example: For the calculation of nBIT, MAX LATENCY the following is assumed (the term ‘our message’ refers to that one the latency time is calculated for): • Since at maximum one-bit-time ago another CAN Controller is transmitting • A single error occurs during the transmission of that message preceding ours, leading to the additional transfer of one Error Frame • ‘our message’ has the highest priority, giving: n BIT, MAX LATENCY ≥ 44 + 8.n DATA BYTES, WORST CASE + 18 (3) n BIT, MAX LATENCY ≤ 52 + 10.n DATA BYTES, WORST CASE + 18 (4) Where: • The additional 18 bits are due to the Error Frame and the Intermission Field preceding ‘our message’. • nDATA BYTES, WORST CASE denotes the number of data bytes contained by the longest message being used in a given CAN network. 1996 Jun 27 92 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 22.1.2 P8xCE598 CALCULATING THE MAXIMUM BIT-TIME Table 93 Example for calculating the maximum bit-time STATEMENT COMMENTS tMAX TRANSFER TIME = 10 ms assumption. nDATA BYTES, WORST CASE = 6 longest message in that network; assumption. nDATA BYTES = 4 ‘our message’; assumption. nBIT MAX LATENCY ≤ 130 using Equations (3) and (4). nMESSAGE ≤ 92 using Equation (2). 10 ms t BIT ≤ ----------------------------- = 0.045 ms = 45 µs ( 130 + 92 ) using Equation (1). 22.2 22.2.1 Connecting a P8xCE598 to a bus line (physical layer) 22.2.3 Using the P8xCE598 a superior wiring failure tolerance and detection performance can be achieved. This requires both bus lines to be mutually decoupled as shown in Fig.40. Each bus wire is based separately to a reference voltage of 1⁄2AVDD. ON-CHIP TRANSCEIVER The P8xCE598 features an on-chip differential transceiver including output driver and input comparator both being configurable (see Fig.37). Therefore it supports many types of common transmission media such as: The diodes suppress reverse current in case of a termination circuit being not properly powered or a bus line being short i.e. to a voltage higher than 5 V. Applying this bus termination circuit the following wiring failures on the bus are detectable and can be handled: • Single wire bus line • Two-wire bus line (differential) • Optical cable bus line. The P8xCE598 can directly drive a differential bus line. An example is given in Fig.38 for a bus line having a characteristic impedance of 120 Ω. Direct interfacing to the bus line is well suited for applications with limited requirements concerning electromagnetic susceptibility, wiring failure tolerance and protection against transients. 22.2.2 • Interruption of one bus wire at any location. • Short-circuit of one bus wire to ground or battery voltage. • Short-circuit between the bus wires. A bus failure can be detected e.g. by a drop out of a status message, regularly being transmitted on the bus. If a bus wire is corrupted the following actions have to be taken: TRANSCEIVER FOR IN-VEHICLE COMMUNICATION Fig.39 shows a versatile transceiver implementation designed for automotive applications. It features a bit rate of up to 1 Mbit/s and dissipates low power during standby (1.4 mA). Thus it is suitable also for applications requiring a Sleep mode function with system activation via the bus line. The transceiver provides and extended common mode range for high electromagnetic susceptibility performance. • Switch the corresponding comparator input over to a reference voltage of 1⁄2AVDD. • Disable the corresponding output driver stage. As a consequence communication will continue on that bus wire not being corrupted. The required reference voltage and the switches for the comparator inputs are provided on-chip. An output driver stage can be disabled by reconfiguration of the on-chip output driver (reprogramming of the Output Control Register of the P8xCE598; see Section 13.5.11, Table 51). To find out which of the bus wires is corrupted a heuristic method is applied. Two external driver transistors amplify the output current to 35 mA typically and provide protection against overvoltage conditions on the bus line (e.g. due to an accidental short-circuit between a bus wire and battery voltage). The serial diodes prevent in combination with the transistors the bus from being blocked in case of a bus not powered. More than 32 nodes may be connected to the bus line. 1996 Jun 27 DETECTION AND HANDLING OF BUS WIRING FAILURES 93 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 handbook, 4 columns P8xC592/P8xCE598 CAN-CONTROLLER CTX0 CRX0 CRX1 Px,y R ext 5V TxD RxD Vref Rs VCC PCA82C250T CAN-TRANSCEIVER 100 nF GND CANH 124 Ω CANL CAN BUS LINE 124 Ω MGC125 Fig.36 Application of a CAN-Transceiver (PCA82C250T). 1996 Jun 27 94 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 handbook, full pagewidth P8xCE598 OUTPUT CONTROL REGISTER COMMAND REGISTER CONTROL REGISTER TXD 1/2AVDD COMP OUT OUTPUT CONTROL LOGIC CVDD CTX0 CTX1 CVSS AV DD CRX0 CRX1 AVSS REF MLB235 5V 5V to the CAN bus line Fig.37 Structure of on-chip CAN-Transceiver. 1996 Jun 27 95 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN handbook, full pagewidth P8xCE598 OUTPUT CONTROL REGISTER 10101010B (AAH) P8xCE598 5V CTX0 R1 240 Ω CTX1 CRX0 R2 240 Ω R3 0 to 1.5 kΩ CRX1 R4 0 to 1.5 kΩ 5V 750 Ω 120 Ω CAN BUS LINE (1) 120 Ω 750 Ω MLB236 (1) Characteristic line impedance 120 Ω Fig.38 Direct interface to a two-wire differential bus. 1996 Jun 27 96 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 handbook, full pagewidth OUTPUT CONTROL REGISTER 11111010B (FAH) or 10101010B (AAH) P8xCE598 CTX0 CTX1 CRX0 CRX1 R7 R3 R4 R8 3.9 kΩ 3.9 kΩ 3.48 kΩ R10 T1 5 V BST100 D1 1N4150 R1 10 Ω 3.9 kΩ R9 3.48 kΩ 3.9 kΩ 5V T2 BST72A D2 1N4150 R2 10 Ω R5 4.53 kΩ R6 4.53 kΩ BUS NODE 120 Ω CAN BUS LINE 120 Ω (1) MLB237 (1) Characteristic line impedance 120 Ω Fig.39 In-vehicle Transceiver. 1996 Jun 27 97 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 handbook, full pagewidth BUS NODE 5V C1 100 nF D1 1N4150 R1 120 Ω 5V C3 100 nF C5 100 nF D3 1N4150 R3 120 Ω D5 1N4150 C7 100 nF R5 120 Ω R7 120 Ω R6 120 Ω R8 120 Ω D7 1N4150 CAN BUS LINE (1) R2 120 Ω R4 120 Ω 1N4150 D2 C2 100 nF (1) Characteristic line impedance 120 Ω 1N4150 D4 1N4150 D6 C4 100 nF C6 100 nF 1N4150 D8 C8 100 nF MGA188 Fig.40 Bus termination with decoupled wires. 1996 Jun 27 98 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 22.2.4 Thus more optical power is provided to compensate for losses in the optical connectors and the optical star. The P8xCE598 features an on-chip 1⁄2AVDD reference voltage output so only a capacitor is required for the receiver part. Two optical fibres are used to connect the bus nodes. The TX-fibre transfers the output signal of the CAN Controller to the optical star. The optical star transfers the TX-fibre input signal over to all the RX-fibres. The RX-fibres transfer the resulting optical signal over to the receivers of all the bus nodes. CONNECTION TO AN OPTICAL BUS LINE Using an optical medium provides the following advantages: • Bus nodes are galvanically decoupled. • Optical cable features very high noise immunity. • No noise emission by the bus cable. An example for an interface to an optical connector is given in Fig.41. In most cases a transistor is required to amplify the TX-output current. handbook, full pagewidth P8xCE598 OUTPUT CONTROL REGISTER 00011110B (1EH) or 00010110B (16H) P8xCE598 CTX0 CTX1 CRX0 CRX1 R2 REF C1 10 nF 3.9 kΩ T1 BS170 5V R1 56 Ω C2 5V 100 nF OPTICAL CONNECTOR HBFR - 0501 SERIES optical cable PASSIVE OPTICAL STAR MLB238 Fig.41 Optical Transceiver. 1996 Jun 27 99 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN 22.2.5 P8xCE598 P8XCE598 CAN INTERRUPT HANDLER SOFTWARE EXAMPLE (INCLUDING FAST DMA TRANSFER) MCS-51 MACRO ASSEMBLER CAN interrupt-handler LOC OBJ LINE SOURCE 1 $TITLE 8XCE598 (CAN interrupt-handler) 00A0 2 $NOSYMBOLS NOPAGING 00A1 3 00A2 4 ;******************************************************************************************************** 5 ; 6 ;Very fast receive-routine for the 8XCE598 CAN Interface. It: 7 • is embedded in the interrupt-handler for the CAN Controller, 8 • uses the DMA-logic and 9 • handles up to eight different messages 10 ;(if these have the same leading 8 identifier-bits). 11 ; 12 ;To allow for faster receive-routine, it is assumed that all other routines 13 ;accessing the CAN Controller, disable the interrupt of the CAN Controller 14 ;(IEN0.5) during their execution. 00A5 15 ; 00A7 16 ;Version: 1.0 17 ;Date: 12-April-90 18 ;Author: Bernhard Reckels 19 ;at: Philips Components Application Lab., Hamburg (PCALH) 00A9 20 00AB 21 00AD 22 ;******************************************************************************************************** 23 ;******************************************************************************************************** 24 ;initial stuff 25 ;******************************************************************************************************** 26 27 ;equatas 28 29 ;addresses of Special Function Registers 00AE 30 CANADR EQU 0DBH 00AF 31 CANDAT EQU 0DAH 32 CANCON EQU 0D9H 33 CANSTA EQU 0D8H 00B0 34 1996 Jun 27 100 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN LOC OBJ P8xCE598 LINE SOURCE 35 ;commands for the CAN Controller / DMA logic 36 CAN_REF_REL EQU 00000100B ;Release Receive Buffer 00A0 37 CAN_RX_DMA EQU 80H + 22 ;Rx DMA-transfer 00A1 38 39 ; addresses of CAN Controller internal registers 40 CAN_REF EQU 20 ;1st address of Rx-buffer 41 00A2 42 ; masks 43 INT_FLAG_MASK EQU 00011111B ;all CAN's interrupt-flags 44 ID2_0_MASK 11100000B ;only ID.2 ... ID.0 bits 45 EQU ; jump-address for a CAN Controller interrupt 46 47 48 020080 CSEG at 2BH 49 00A5 50 00A7 51 LJMP CAN_INT_HANDLER ; CAN's interrupt-vector ; data storage 52 53 DSEG at 20H 54 CAN_INT_IMAGE: DS 1 00A9 55 00AB 56 00AD 57 CAN_INT_RX: DBIT 1 ; = CAN_INT_IMAGE.0 58 CAN_INT_TX: DBIT 1 ; = CAN_INT_IMAGE.1 59 CAN_INT_KR: DBIT 1 ; = CAN_INT_IMAGE.2 60 CAN_INT_OV: DBIT 1 ; = CAN_INT_IMAGE.3 61 CAN_INT_WK: DBIT 1 ; = CAN_INT_IMAGE.4 BSEG at 00H 62 63 ;******************************************************************************************************** 64 ;CAN Controller interrupt-handler 00AE 65 ; 00AF 66 ;Only the receive-interrupt is coded. 67 ; 68 ;******************************************************************************************************* 00B0 69 70 CSEG at 080H 71 1996 Jun 27 101 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN LOC OBJ 00A0 LINE SOURCE 72 00A1 P8xCE598 CAN_INT_HANDLER: 73 74 ; first save used registers C0D0 75 PUSH PSW C0E0 76 PUSH ACC 77 00A2 78 ; store the CAN Controller's Interrupt Register contents 79 ; (here: at a bit-addressable location). 80 ; This is necessary because after reading the Interrupt Register 81 ; its contents is cleared, but − on the other hand − several flags 82 ; may be set in coincidence. E5D9 83 MOV A, CANON 541F 84 ANL A, #INT_FLAG_MASK 00A5 F520 85 MOV CAN_INT_IMAGE, A 00A7 86 ; only interrupt-flags 87 88 ;dispatcher----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 89 INT_TEST0: 00A9 100000 90 00AB 91 00AD 92 JBC CAN_INT_RX,CAN_RX_SERV ;receive-interrupt? INT_TEST1: 93 ; here the dispatcher has to be completed according 94 ; to the application-specific requirements 95 ; ... 96 97 ; ... ; end of dispatcher------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 98 99 ;Rx-serve-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 00AE 100 ; copy message (Data-Field only) from CAN- to CPU memory 00AF 101 102 00B0 103 CAN_RX_SERVE ; read 2nd Descriptor-Byte from the Rx-Buffer (address 21) 75DB15 104 MOV CANADR, #CAN_REF + 1 E5DA MOV A, CANDAT 105 106 1996 Jun 27 102 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN LOC OBJ 00A0 LINE SOURCE 107 00A1 P8xCE598 ; determine the destination address in data-memory for the 108 ; message's Data-Field 54E0 109 ANL A, #ID2_0_MASK C4 110 SWAP A 03 111 RR A 112 ; this value is used as an index for an array of 8 bytes 113 ; containing the destination-addresses for the 8 different 114 ; messages. Note, that the #RX_ARRAY_OFFSET is due to the 00A2 ; use ID.2 ... ID.0 only ; A = 4*ID.2 + 2*ID.1 + ID.0 115 ; program counter-relative access to the array. 2415 116 ADD A, #RX_ARRAY_START − RX_ARRAY_OFFSET 83 117 MOVC A, @A + PC 118 RX_ARRAY_OFFSET: 119 00A5 00A7 6007 120 ; if a message passes the acceptance-filter of the CAN 121 ; Controller, but the CPU doesn't need it, the array 122 ; entry's value may be set to zero indicating this. 123 ; The following <jz> instruction cares for this. 124 JZ CAN_RX_READY 00A9 125 00AB 126 ; now copy the Data-Field (only) from CAN- to CPU memory 00AD 127 ; with the aid of the DMA-logic. Note, that a TX-DMA is 128 ; performed when writing 8AH (DMA + address 10) into CANADR 129 ; and a RX-DMA is performed when writing 94H (DMA + address 20) 130 ; ... 9DH (DMA + address 29) into CANADR. Here address 22 is 131 ; used to copy just the Data-Field. 132 MOV CANSTA, A 75DB96 133 MOV CANADR, #CAN_RX_DMA ; starts RX-DMA at address 22 F5D8 ; data-memory address 134 00AE 135 ; the DMA-transfer is done in at maximum 2 instruction cycles. 00AF 136 ; During the transfer, neither the data-memory (RAM) nor one 137 ; of the SFRs CANADR, CANDAT, CANCON and 138 ; CANSTA may be accessed by the CPU. 139 ; For simplicity, two NOPs are used here. 00 140 NOP 00 141 NOP 00B0 00A0 1996 Jun 27 142 103 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN LOC OBJ 00A1 P8xCE598 LINE SOURCE 143 ; after reading the Rx-Buffer it must be released back to 144 ; the CAN Controller. In coincidence, the Clear Overrun bit 145 ; (CANCON.3) may be set, regardless of an existing or 146 ; non-existing data overrun. 147 CAN_RX_READY: 75D904 148 MOV CANCON, #CAN_RBF_REL 149 00A2 150 ; if no other interrupt-flag is set, the interrupt-handler 151 ; for the CAN Controller can be left. Otherwise further 152 ; services are required. E520 153 MOV A, CAN_INT_IMAGE 70E4 154 JNZ INT_TEST1 00A5 155 00A7 156 ; no other service is required, so the interrupt-handler 157 ; is left. D0E0 158 POP ACC D0D0 159 POP PSW 00A9 32 160 00AB 161 00AD 162 RETI ; end of Rx-serve------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 163 ; here the array follows containing 8 destination-addresses 164 ; for up to 8 different messages to be received. The values 165 ; are fully application-specific (the values below show an 166 ; example only). 167 RX_ARRAY_START: E0 168 DB 0E0H ; Rx-message #0 00 169 DB 000H ; this message is not used 00AE 170 ; ... 00AF FA 171 DB 0FAH ; RX-message #7, containing 6 data bytes 172 00B0 173 END REGISTER BANK(S) USED: 0 ASSEMBLY COMPLETE, NO ERRORS FOUND 1996 Jun 27 104 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 23 PACKAGE OUTLINES QFP80: plastic quad flat package; 80 leads (lead length 1.95 mm); body 14 x 20 x 2.7 mm; high stand-off height SOT318-1 c y X 64 A 41 65 40 ZE e Q E HE A A2 (A 3) A1 θ wM pin 1 index Lp bp L 25 80 detail X 24 1 wM bp e ZD v M A D B HD v M B 0 5 10 mm scale DIMENSIONS (mm are the original dimensions) UNIT A max. A1 A2 A3 bp c D (1) E (1) e HD HE L Lp Q v w y mm 3.3 0.36 0.10 2.87 2.57 0.25 0.45 0.30 0.25 0.13 20.1 19.9 14.1 13.9 0.8 24.2 23.6 18.2 17.6 1.95 1.0 0.6 1.43 1.23 0.2 0.2 0.1 Z D (1) Z E (1) 1.0 0.6 1.2 0.8 θ Note 1. Plastic or metal protrusions of 0.25 mm maximum per side are not included. OUTLINE VERSION REFERENCES IEC JEDEC EIAJ ISSUE DATE 92-11-17 95-02-04 SOT318-1 1996 Jun 27 EUROPEAN PROJECTION 105 o 7 0o Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN • The footprint must be at an angle of 45° to the board direction and must incorporate solder thieves downstream and at the side corners. 24 SOLDERING 24.1 Introduction There is no soldering method that is ideal for all IC packages. Wave soldering is often preferred when through-hole and surface mounted components are mixed on one printed-circuit board. However, wave soldering is not always suitable for surface mounted ICs, or for printed-circuits with high population densities. In these situations reflow soldering is often used. Even with these conditions, do not consider wave soldering the following packages: QFP52 (SOT379-1), QFP100 (SOT317-1), QFP100 (SOT317-2), QFP100 (SOT382-1) or QFP160 (SOT322-1). This text gives a very brief insight to a complex technology. A more in-depth account of soldering ICs can be found in our “IC Package Databook” (order code 9398 652 90011). 24.2 Reflow soldering Reflow soldering techniques are suitable for all QFP packages. The choice of heating method may be influenced by larger plastic QFP packages (44 leads, or more). If infrared or vapour phase heating is used and the large packages are not absolutely dry (less than 0.1% moisture content by weight), vaporization of the small amount of moisture in them can cause cracking of the plastic body. For more information, refer to the Drypack chapter in our “Quality Reference Handbook” (order code 9397 750 00192). Reflow soldering requires solder paste (a suspension of fine solder particles, flux and binding agent) to be applied to the printed-circuit board by screen printing, stencilling or pressure-syringe dispensing before package placement. P8xCE598 During placement and before soldering, the package must be fixed with a droplet of adhesive. The adhesive can be applied by screen printing, pin transfer or syringe dispensing. The package can be soldered after the adhesive is cured. Maximum permissible solder temperature is 260 °C, and maximum duration of package immersion in solder is 10 seconds, if cooled to less than 150 °C within 6 seconds. Typical dwell time is 4 seconds at 250 °C. A mildly-activated flux will eliminate the need for removal of corrosive residues in most applications. 24.4 Fix the component by first soldering two diagonallyopposite end leads. Use only a low voltage soldering iron (less than 24 V) applied to the flat part of the lead. Contact time must be limited to 10 seconds at up to 300 °C. When using a dedicated tool, all other leads can be soldered in one operation within 2 to 5 seconds between 270 and 320 °C. Several techniques exist for reflowing; for example, thermal conduction by heated belt. Dwell times vary between 50 and 300 seconds depending on heating method. Typical reflow temperatures range from 215 to 250 °C. Preheating is necessary to dry the paste and evaporate the binding agent. Preheating duration: 45 minutes at 45 °C. 24.3 Wave soldering Wave soldering is not recommended for QFP packages. This is because of the likelihood of solder bridging due to closely-spaced leads and the possibility of incomplete solder penetration in multi-lead devices. If wave soldering cannot be avoided, the following conditions must be observed: • A double-wave (a turbulent wave with high upward pressure followed by a smooth laminar wave) soldering technique should be used. 1996 Jun 27 Repairing soldered joints 106 Philips Semiconductors Product specification 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip CAN P8xCE598 25 DEFINITIONS Data sheet status Objective specification This data sheet contains target or goal specifications for product development. Preliminary specification This data sheet contains preliminary data; supplementary data may be published later. Product specification This data sheet contains final product specifications. Limiting values Limiting values given are in accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 134). Stress above one or more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or at any other conditions above those given in the Characteristics sections of the specification is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended periods may affect device reliability. Application information Where application information is given, it is advisory and does not form part of the specification. 26 LIFE SUPPORT APPLICATIONS These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices, or systems where malfunction of these products can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Philips customers using or selling these products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Philips for any damages resulting from such improper use or sale. 1996 Jun 27 107 Philips Semiconductors – a worldwide company Argentina: see South America Australia: 34 Waterloo Road, NORTH RYDE, NSW 2113, Tel. +61 2 9805 4455, Fax. +61 2 9805 4466 Austria: Computerstr. 6, A-1101 WIEN, P.O. Box 213, Tel. +43 1 60 101, Fax. +43 1 60 101 1210 Belarus: Hotel Minsk Business Center, Bld. 3, r. 1211, Volodarski Str. 6, 220050 MINSK, Tel. +375 172 200 733, Fax. +375 172 200 773 Belgium: see The Netherlands Brazil: see South America Bulgaria: Philips Bulgaria Ltd., Energoproject, 15th floor, 51 James Bourchier Blvd., 1407 SOFIA, Tel. +359 2 689 211, Fax. +359 2 689 102 Canada: PHILIPS SEMICONDUCTORS/COMPONENTS, Tel. +1 800 234 7381, Fax. +1 708 296 8556 China/Hong Kong: 501 Hong Kong Industrial Technology Centre, 72 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, HONG KONG, Tel. +852 2319 7888, Fax. +852 2319 7700 Colombia: see South America Czech Republic: see Austria Denmark: Prags Boulevard 80, PB 1919, DK-2300 COPENHAGEN S, Tel. +45 32 88 2636, Fax. +45 31 57 1949 Finland: Sinikalliontie 3, FIN-02630 ESPOO, Tel. +358 615 800, Fax. +358 615 80920 France: 4 Rue du Port-aux-Vins, BP317, 92156 SURESNES Cedex, Tel. +33 1 40 99 6161, Fax. +33 1 40 99 6427 Germany: Hammerbrookstraße 69, D-20097 HAMBURG, Tel. +49 40 23 52 60, Fax. +49 40 23 536 300 Greece: No. 15, 25th March Street, GR 17778 TAVROS, Tel. +30 1 4894 339/911, Fax. +30 1 4814 240 Hungary: see Austria India: Philips INDIA Ltd, Shivsagar Estate, A Block, Dr. Annie Besant Rd. Worli, MUMBAI 400 018, Tel. +91 22 4938 541, Fax. +91 22 4938 722 Indonesia: see Singapore Ireland: Newstead, Clonskeagh, DUBLIN 14, Tel. +353 1 7640 000, Fax. +353 1 7640 200 Israel: RAPAC Electronics, 7 Kehilat Saloniki St, TEL AVIV 61180, Tel. +972 3 645 0444, Fax. +972 3 648 1007 Italy: PHILIPS SEMICONDUCTORS, Piazza IV Novembre 3, 20124 MILANO, Tel. +39 2 6752 2531, Fax. +39 2 6752 2557 Japan: Philips Bldg 13-37, Kohnan 2-chome, Minato-ku, TOKYO 108, Tel. +81 3 3740 5130, Fax. +81 3 3740 5077 Korea: Philips House, 260-199 Itaewon-dong, Yongsan-ku, SEOUL, Tel. +82 2 709 1412, Fax. +82 2 709 1415 Malaysia: No. 76 Jalan Universiti, 46200 PETALING JAYA, SELANGOR, Tel. +60 3 750 5214, Fax. +60 3 757 4880 Mexico: 5900 Gateway East, Suite 200, EL PASO, TEXAS 79905, Tel. +1 800 234 7381, Fax. +1 708 296 8556 Middle East: see Italy Netherlands: Postbus 90050, 5600 PB EINDHOVEN, Bldg. VB, Tel. +31 40 27 83749, Fax. +31 40 27 88399 New Zealand: 2 Wagener Place, C.P.O. Box 1041, AUCKLAND, Tel. +64 9 849 4160, Fax. +64 9 849 7811 Norway: Box 1, Manglerud 0612, OSLO, Tel. +47 22 74 8000, Fax. +47 22 74 8341 Philippines: Philips Semiconductors Philippines Inc., 106 Valero St. Salcedo Village, P.O. Box 2108 MCC, MAKATI, Metro MANILA, Tel. +63 2 816 6380, Fax. +63 2 817 3474 Poland: Ul. Lukiska 10, PL 04-123 WARSZAWA, Tel. +48 22 612 2831, Fax. +48 22 612 2327 Portugal: see Spain Romania: see Italy Russia: Philips Russia, Ul. Usatcheva 35A, 119048 MOSCOW, Tel. +7 095 926 5361, Fax. +7 095 564 8323 Singapore: Lorong 1, Toa Payoh, SINGAPORE 1231, Tel. +65 350 2538, Fax. +65 251 6500 Slovakia: see Austria Slovenia: see Italy South Africa: S.A. PHILIPS Pty Ltd., 195-215 Main Road Martindale, 2092 JOHANNESBURG, P.O. Box 7430 Johannesburg 2000, Tel. +27 11 470 5911, Fax. +27 11 470 5494 South America: Rua do Rocio 220, 5th floor, Suite 51, 04552-903 São Paulo, SÃO PAULO - SP, Brazil, Tel. +55 11 821 2333, Fax. +55 11 829 1849 Spain: Balmes 22, 08007 BARCELONA, Tel. +34 3 301 6312, Fax. +34 3 301 4107 Sweden: Kottbygatan 7, Akalla, S-16485 STOCKHOLM, Tel. +46 8 632 2000, Fax. +46 8 632 2745 Switzerland: Allmendstrasse 140, CH-8027 ZÜRICH, Tel. +41 1 488 2686, Fax. +41 1 481 7730 Taiwan: PHILIPS TAIWAN Ltd., 23-30F, 66, Chung Hsiao West Road, Sec. 1, P.O. Box 22978, TAIPEI 100, Tel. +886 2 382 4443, Fax. +886 2 382 4444 Thailand: PHILIPS ELECTRONICS (THAILAND) Ltd., 209/2 Sanpavuth-Bangna Road Prakanong, BANGKOK 10260, Tel. +66 2 745 4090, Fax. +66 2 398 0793 Turkey: Talatpasa Cad. No. 5, 80640 GÜLTEPE/ISTANBUL, Tel. +90 212 279 2770, Fax. +90 212 282 6707 Ukraine: PHILIPS UKRAINE, 2A Akademika Koroleva str., Office 165, 252148 KIEV, Tel. +380 44 476 0297/1642, Fax. +380 44 476 6991 United Kingdom: Philips Semiconductors Ltd., 276 Bath Road, Hayes, MIDDLESEX UB3 5BX, Tel. +44 181 730 5000, Fax. +44 181 754 8421 United States: 811 East Arques Avenue, SUNNYVALE, CA 94088-3409, Tel. +1 800 234 7381, Fax. +1 708 296 8556 Uruguay: see South America Vietnam: see Singapore Yugoslavia: PHILIPS, Trg N. Pasica 5/v, 11000 BEOGRAD, Tel. +381 11 825 344, Fax.+381 11 635 777 For all other countries apply to: Philips Semiconductors, Marketing & Sales Communications, Building BE-p, P.O. Box 218, 5600 MD EINDHOVEN, The Netherlands, Fax. +31 40 27 24825 Internet: http://www.semiconductors.philips.com/ps/ (1) P8XCE598_4.copy June 26, 1996 11:51 am © Philips Electronics N.V. 1996 SCA50 All rights are reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information presented in this document does not form part of any quotation or contract, is believed to be accurate and reliable and may be changed without notice. No liability will be accepted by the publisher for any consequence of its use. Publication thereof does not convey nor imply any license under patent- or other industrial or intellectual property rights. Printed in The Netherlands 617021/1200/04/pp108 Date of release: 1996 Jun 27 Document order number: 9397 750 00915