PRELIMINARY P048F048T12AL PRM V•I Chip – PRM-AL Pre-Regulator Module TM • 48 V input V•I Chip PRM • Adaptive Loop feedback • Vin range 36 – 75 Vdc • ZVS buck-boost regulator • High density – 438 © • 1.5 MHz switching frequency W/in3 • Small footprint – 110 W/in2 • 96% Efficiency • Low weight – 0.5 oz (14 g) • 125˚C operation Actual size Absolute Maximum Ratings Product Description The V•I Chip Pre-Regulator Module (PRM) is a very efficient non-isolated regulator capable of both boosting and bucking a wide range input voltage. It is specifically designed to provide a controlled Factorized Bus distribution voltage for powering downstream V•I Chip Voltage Transformation Modules (VTMs) — fast, efficient, isolated, low noise Point-of-Load (POL) converters. In combination, PRMs and VTMs form a complete DC-DC converter subsystem offering all of the unique benefits of Vicor’s Factorized Power Architecture (FPA): high density and efficiency; low noise operation; architectural flexibility; extremely fast transient response; and elimination of bulk capacitance at the Point-of-Load (POL). In FPA systems, the POL voltage is the product of the Factorized Bus voltage delivered by the PRM and the "K-factor" (the fixed voltage transformation ratio) of a downstream VTM. The PRM controls the Factorized Bus voltage to provide regulation at the POL. Because VTMs perform true voltage division and current multiplication, the Factorized Bus voltage may be set to a value that is substantially higher than the bus voltages typically found in "intermediate bus" systems, reducing distribution losses and enabling use of narrower distribution bus traces. A PRM-VTM chip set can provide up to 100 A, or 115 W at a FPA system density of 200 A/in3, or 230 W/in3 — and because the PRM can be located, or "factorized," remotely from the POL, these power densities can be effectively doubled. The PRM described in this data sheet features a unique "Adaptive Loop" compensation feedback: a single wire alternative to traditional remote sensing and feedback loops that enables precise control of an isolated POL voltage without the need for either a direct connection to the load or for noise sensitive, bandwidth limiting, isolation devices in the feedback path. vicorpower.com Vin = 36 – 75 V Vf = 26 – 55 V Pf = 120 W If = 2.5 A Parameter Values Unit +In to -In -1.0 to 85.0 Vdc PC to -In -0.3 to 6.0 Vdc PR to -In -0.3 to 9.0 Vdc IL to -In -0.3 to 6.0 Vdc VC to -In -0.3 to 18.0 Vdc -0.3 to 59 Vdc +Out to -Out SC to -Out -0.3 to 3.0 Vdc VH to -Out -0.3 to 9.5 Vdc OS to -Out -0.3 to 9.0 Vdc CD to -Out -0.3 to 9.0 Vdc SG to -Out 100 mA Continuous output current 2.5 Adc Continuous output power 120 W Operating junction temperature (M-Grade) (T-Grade) -55 to 125 -40 to 125 °C °C Storage temperature (M-Grade) (T-Grade) -65 to 150 -40 to 150 °C °C 208 °C Case temperature during reflow: DC-DC Converter VC PC TM IL NC PR PRM-AL +In VH SC SG OS NC CD Factorized Bus (Vf) +Out TM VC PC Vin –In –Out +Out +In -In VTM -Out Vout +Out K Ro -Out The P048F048T12AL is used with any 048 input series VTM to provide a regulated and isolated output. 800-735-6200 V•I Chip Pre-Regulator Module P048F048T12AL Rev. 1.0 Page 1 of 14 PRELIMINARY General Specifications V•I Chip Pre-Regulator Module Part Numbering P 048 F 048 T 12 AL Pre-Regulator Module Input Voltage Designator Configuration (Fig.21) Nominal Factorized Bus Voltage Product Grade Temperatures (°C) Grade Storage Operating T -40 to150 -40 to125 M -65 to150 -55 to125 Output Power Designator (=Pf /10) AL = Adaptive Loop Overview of Adaptive Loop Compensation Adaptive Loop compensation, illustrated in Figure 1, contributes to the bandwidth and speed advantage of Factorized Power. The PRM monitors its output current and automatically adjusts its output voltage to compensate for the voltage drop in the output resistance of the VTM. ROS sets the desired value of the VTM output voltage, Vout; RCD is set to a value that compensates for the output resistance of the VTM (which, ideally, is located at the point of load). For selection of ROS and RCD, refer to Table 1 below or Page 9. The V•I Chip’s bi-directional VC port : 1. Provides a wake up signal from the PRM to the VTM that synchronizes the rise of the VTM output voltage to that of the PRM. 2. Provides feedback from the VTM to the PRM to enable the PRM to compensate for the voltage drop in VTM output resistance, RO. Vo = VL ± 1.0% VC PC TM IL NC PR PRM-AL VH SC SG OS NC CD Factorized Bus (Vf) ROS RCD TM VC PC +Out +In Vin Vf = VL (Io•Ro) + K K –Out –In +Out +In -In VTM -Out +Out K Ro L O A D -Out Figure 1 — With Adaptive Loop control, the output of the VTM is regulated over the load current range with only a single interconnect between the PRM and VTM and without the need for isolation in the feedback path. Desired Load Voltage (Vdc) VTM P/N(1) Max VTM Output Current (A)(2) ROS (kΩ)(3) RCD (Ω)(3) 1.0 V048F015T100 100 3.57 26.1 1.2 V048F015T100 100 2.94 32.4 1.5 V048F015T100 100 2.37 39.2 1.8 V048F020T080 80 2.61 35.7 2.0 V048F020T080 80 2.37 39.2 3.3 V040F033T060 60 2.89 32.6 5.0 V048F060T040 40 2.87 33.2 10 V048F120T025 25 2.86 32.9 12 V048F120T025 25 2.37 39.2 15 V048F160T019 18.8 2.49 37.4 24 V048F240T012 12.5 2.37 39.2 28 V048F320T009 9.4 2.74 35.7 36 V048F480T006 6.3 3.16 30.1 48 V048F480T006 6.3 2.37 39.2 Note: (1) Verify the configuration option and product grade temperature before ordering as shown above. (2) See “PRM output power vs. VTM output power” on Page 10 (3) 1% precision resistors recommended Table 1 — Configure your Chip Set using the PRM-AL vicorpower.com 800-735-6200 V•I Chip Pre-Regulator Module P048F048T12AL Rev. 1.0 Page 2 of 14 PRELIMINARY Electrical Specifications V•I Chip Pre-Regulator Module Input Specs (Conditions are at 48 Vin, 48 Vf, full load, and 25°C ambient unless otherwise specified) Parameter Input voltage range Min Typ Max Unit 36 48 75 Vdc 1 V/µs 35.3 Vdc Input dV/dt Input undervoltage turn-on 33.8 Input undervoltage turn-off 30.5 31.8 Vdc Input overvoltage turn-on 75.8 77.3 Vdc Input overvoltage turn-off 78.8 81.0 Input quiescent current 0.5 1 Input current 2.6 Input reflected ripple current 280 No load power dissipation 2 Internal input capacitance Recommended external input capacitance Note Vdc mA PC low Adc mA p-p 4 See Figures 4 & 5 W 5 µF Ceramic 100 µF See Figure 5 for input filter circuit. Source impedance dependent Input Waveforms Figure 2 — Vf and PC response from power up Figure 3 — Vf turn-on waveform with inrush current – PC enabled at full load, 48 Vin Reflected Ripple Measurement 10 A +IN VC PC TM IL NC PR PRM-AL +In +Out –In –Out VH SC SG OS NC CD 2.37 kΩ + OUT 100 μF Al-Electrolytic –IN Figure 4 — Input reflected ripple current at full load and 48 Vin vicorpower.com 800-735-6200 – OUT Figure 5 — Input filter capacitor recommendation V•I Chip Pre-Regulator Module P048F048T12AL Rev. 1.0 Page 3 of 14 PRELIMINARY Electrical Specifications (continued) V•I Chip Pre-Regulator Module Output Specs (Conditions are at 48 Vin, 48 Vf, full load, and 25°C ambient unless otherwise specified) Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Note Output voltage range 26 48 55 Vdc Factorized Bus voltage (Vf) set by ROS Output power 0 120 W 2.5 Adc 3.3 Adc IL pin floating 0.5 A Auto recovery Output current 0 DC current limit 2.6 3.0 Average short circuit current Set point accuracy 1.5 Line regulation 0.1 0.2 % Low line to high line Load regulation 0.1 0.2 % No CD resistor Load regulation (at VTM output) 1.0 2.0 % Adaptive Loop 5 10 % 59.4 Vdc 2.0 % Factorized Bus, see Figure 13 Factorized Bus, see Figure 14 Current share accuracy % Efficiency Full load 95.6 Output overvoltage set point 56 % See Figure 6,7 & 8 Output ripple voltage No external bypass 1.0 With 10 µF capacitor 0.5 1.0 % 1.45 1.55 MHz From application of power 200 300 ms See Figure 2 From PC pin high 100 µs See Figure 3 Internal output capacitance 5 µF Ceramic Switching frequency 1.35 Fixed frequency Output turn-on delay Factorized Bus capacitance 47 vicorpower.com 800-735-6200 µF V•I Chip Pre-Regulator Module P048F048T12AL Rev. 1.0 Page 4 of 14 PRELIMINARY Electrical Specifications (continued) V•I Chip Pre-Regulator Module Efficiency Graphs Efficiency vs. Output Current Efficiency vs. Output Current 100 100 95 Vin 90 36V 48V 75V 85 80 Efficiency (%) Efficiency (%) 95 90 Vin 26V 48V 75V 85 80 75 70 75 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 Output Current (A) Output Current (A) Figure 6 — Efficiency vs. output current at 48 Vf Figure 7 — Efficiency vs. output current at 36 Vf Efficiency vs. Output Current 100 Efficiency (%) 95 90 Vin 36V 48V 75V 85 80 75 70 65 60 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 Output Current (A) Figure 8 — Efficiency vs. output current at 26 Vf vicorpower.com 800-735-6200 V•I Chip Pre-Regulator Module P048F048T12AL Rev. 1.0 Page 5 of 14 PRELIMINARY Figure 9 — Transient response; PRM alone, 48 Vin, 0 – 2.5 – 0 A no load capacitance. Local Loop Figure 10 — Transient response; PRM alone, 36 Vin, 0 – 2.5 – 0 A no load capacitance. Local Loop Figure 11 — Transient response; PRM alone, 26 Vin, 0 – 2.5 – 0 A no load capacitance. Local Loop Figure 12 — PC during fault – frequency will vary as a function of line voltage. Figure 13 — Output ripple full load no bypass capacitance. Vf = 48 Vdc Figure 14 — Output ripple full load 10µF bypass capacitance. Vf = 48 Vdc vicorpower.com 800-735-6200 V•I Chip Pre-Regulator Module P048F048T12AL Rev. 1.0 Page 6 of 14 PRELIMINARY Electrical Specifications (continued) V•I Chip Pre-Regulator Module Auxiliary Pins (Conditions are at 48 Vin, 48 Vf, full load, and 25°C ambient unless otherwise specified) Parameter Min Typ Max Unit 12 14 18 V 5.2 Note VC (VTM Control) Peak voltage Referenced to –OUT PC (Primary Control) DC voltage 4.8 5.0 Module disable voltage 2.3 2.4 2.6 Vdc Referenced to –IN Vdc Referenced to –IN Module enable voltage 2.5 Disable hysteresis 100 Vdc Current limit 1.75 Enable delay time 100 µs Disable delay time 1 µs mV 1.90 mA Source only after start up; not to be used for aux. supply; 100 kΩ minimum load impedance to assure start up. IL (Current Limit Adjust) Voltage Accuracy 1 V ± 15 % Based on DC current limit set point V Referenced to SG PR (Parallel Port) Voltage 0.6 Source current 7.5 1 mA External capacitance 100 pF VH (Auxiliary Voltage) Range 8.7 Regulation 9.0 9.3 0.04 Vdc Maximum source = 5 mA, referenced to SG %/mA SC (Secondary Control) Voltage 1.22 Internal capacitance 1.24 1.26 0.1 External capacitance Vdc Referenced to SG µF 0.7 µF OS (Output Set) Set point accuracy Reference offset ± 1.5 % ±4 mV Includes 1% external resistor CD (Compensation Device) External resistance 20 Ω Omit resistor for regulation at output of PRM General Specs Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Note Mhrs 25°C, GB MTBF MIL-HDBK-217F 2.2 Agency approvals (pending) cTÜVus UL/CSA 60950, EN60950 CE Mark Low voltage directive Mechanical parameters See mechanical drawing, Figure 19 Weight 0.5 / 14 oz / g Dimensions Length 1.26 / 32 in / mm Width 0.87 / 22 in / mm Height 0.25 / 6,2 in / mm vicorpower.com 800-735-6200 V•I Chip Pre-Regulator Module P048F048T12AL Rev. 1.0 Page 7 of 14 PRELIMINARY Pin / Control Functions V•I Chip Pre-Regulator Module +IN / -IN DC Voltage Ports The V•I Chip maximum input voltage should not be exceeded. PRMs have internal over / undervoltage lockout functions that prevent operation outside of the specified input range. PRMs will turn on when the input voltage rises above its undervoltage lockout. If the input voltage exceeds the overvoltage lockout, PRMs will shut down until the overvoltage fault clears. PC will toggle indicating an out of bounds condition. AL Version 4 The VTM Control (VC) port supplies an initial VCC voltage to downstream VTMs, enabling the VTMs and synchronizing the rise of the VTM output voltage to that of the PRM. The VC port also provides feedback to the PRM to compensate for voltage drop due to the VTM output resistance. The PRM’s VC port should be connected to the VTM VC port. A PRM VC port can drive a maximum of two (2) VTM VC ports. PC – Primary Control The PRM voltage output is enabled when the PC pin is open circuit (floating). To disable the PRM output voltage, the PC pin is pulled low. Open collector optocouplers, transistors, or relays can be used to control the PC pin. When using multiple PRMs in a high power array, the PC ports should be tied together to synchronize their turn on. During an abnormal condition the PC pin will pulse (Fig.12) as the PRM initiates a restart cycle. This will continue until the abnormal condition is rectified. The PC should not be used as an auxiliary voltage supply, nor should it be switched at a rate greater than 1 Hz. TM – Factory Use Only 1 VC B B PC SG C C TM OS D D IL NC E E NC CD F F PR G G H H +OUT VC – VTM Control 2 A SC +OUT / -OUT Factorized Voltage Output Ports These ports provide the Factorized Bus voltage output. The –OUT port is connected internally to the –IN port through a current sense resistor. The PRM has a maximum power and a maximum current rating and is protected if either rating is exceeded. Do not short –OUT to –IN. 3 VH –OUT A J J K K L L M M N N P P +IN –IN Bottom View Signal Name +IN –IN VC PC TM IL PR VH SC SG OS CD +OUT –OUT BGA Designation G1-K1,G2-K2 L1-P1, L2-P2 A1,A2 B1, B2 C1, C2 D1, D2 F1, F2 A3, A4 B3, B4 C3, C4 D3, D4 F3, F4 G3-K3, G4-K4 L3-P3, L4-P4 Figure 15 — PRM pin configuration SC – Secondary Control The load voltage may be controlled by connecting a resistor or voltage source to the SC port. The slew rate of the output voltage may be controlled by controlling the rate-of-rise of the voltage at the SC port (e.g., to limit inrush current into a capacitive load). SG – Signal Ground This port provides a low inductance Kelvin connection to –IN and should be used as reference for the OS, CD, SC,VH and IL ports. IL – Current Limit Adjust The PRM has a preset, maximum, current limit set point. The IL port may be used to reduce the current limit set point to a lower value. See “adjusting current limit” on page 10. PR – Parallel Port The PR port signal, which is proportional to the PRM output power, supports current sharing among PRMs. To enable current sharing, PR ports should be interconnected. Bypass capacitance should be used when interconnecting PR ports and steps should be taken to minimize coupling noise into the interconnecting bus. Please consult Vicor Applications Engineering regarding additional considerations. VH – Auxiliary Voltage VH is a gated, non-isolated, nominally 9 Volt, regulated DC voltage (see “Auxiliary Pins” specifications, on Page 7) that is referenced to SG. VH may be used to power external circuitry having a total current consumption of no more than 5 mA. vicorpower.com 800-735-6200 OS – Output Set The application-specific value of the Factorized Bus voltage (Vf) is set by connecting a resistor between OS and SG. Resistor value selection is shown in Table 1 on Page 2, and described on Page 9. If no resistor is connected, the PRM output will be approximately one volt. If set resistor is not colocated with the PRM a load bypass capacitor of ~200 pF may be required. CD – Compensation Device Adaptive Loop control is configured by connecting an external resistor between the CD port and SG. Selection of an appropriate resistor value (see Equation 2 on Page 9 and Table 1 on Page 2) configures the PRM to compensate for voltage drops in the equivalent output resistance of the VTM and the PRM-VTM distribution bus. If no resistor is connected to CD, the PRM will be in Local Loop mode and will regulate the +OUT / –OUT voltage to a fixed value. V•I Chip Pre-Regulator Module P048F048T12AL Rev. 1.0 Page 8 of 14 PRELIMINARY Application Information VC PC TM IL NC PR PRM-AL V•I Chip Pre-Regulator Module VH SC SG OS NC CD Factorized Bus (Vf) ROS RCD Vf = Vin –Out –In TM VC PC 0.4 μH +Out +In +Out +In (IL•Ro) VL + K K -In VTM -Out +Out K Ro L O A D -Out Figure 16 — Adaptive Loop compensation with soft start using the SC port. Output Voltage Setting with Adaptive Loop The equations for calculating ROS and RCD to set a VTM output voltage are: ( VL • 0.8395 ) – 1 K 91238 RCD = +1 A low voltage source can be applied to the SC port to margin the load voltage in proportion to the SC reference voltage. An external capacitor can be added to the SC port as shown in Figure 16 to control the output voltage slew rate for soft start. 93100 ROS = Where Vfd is the desired factorized bus and Vfs is the set factorized bus. (1) Nominal Vout Range (Vdc) (2) ROS VTM K Factor 0.8 ↔ 1.1 ↔ 1.6 1/32 2.2 1/24 1.6 ↔ 2.2 ↔ 3.3 1/16 VOUT = VTM output voltage 4.4 1/12 K = VTM transformation ratio (available from appropriate VTM data sheet) 3.3 ↔ 4.3 ↔ 6.6 1/8 8.8 1/6 Vf = PRM output voltage, the Factorized Bus (see Figure 16) 6.5 ↔ 8.7 ↔ 13.4 1/4 17.9 1/3 13.0 ↔ 17.4 ↔ 26.9 1/2 36.0 2/3 26.0 ↔ 54.0 1 VL = Desired load voltage RO = VTM output resistance (available from appropriate VTM data sheet) IL = Load Current (actual current delivered to the load) Table 2 — 048 input series VTM K factor selection guide Output Voltage Trimming (optional) After setting the output voltage from the procedure above the output may be margined down (26Vf min) by a resistor from SC-SG using this formula: RdΩ = 10000 Vfd Vfs - Vfd vicorpower.com 800-735-6200 V•I Chip Pre-Regulator Module P048F048T12AL Rev. 1.0 Page 9 of 14 PRELIMINARY Application Information (continued) V•I Chip Pre-Regulator Module OVP – Overvoltage Protection Adjusting current limit The output Overvoltage Protection set point of the P048F048T12AL is factory preset for 56 V. If this threshold is exceeded the output shuts down and a restart sequence is initiated, alos indicated by PC pulsing. If the condition that causes OVP is still present, the unit will again shut down. This cycle will be repeated until the fault condition is removed. The OVP set point may be set at the factory to meet unique high voltage requirements. The current limit can be lowered by placing an external resistor between the IL and SG ports (see figure 18 for resistor values). With the IL port open-circuit, the current limit is preset to be within the range specified in the output specifications table on Page 4. PRM output power versus VTM output power Resistance (kΩ) As shown in Figure 17, the P048F048T12AL is rated to deliver 2.5 A maximum, when it is delivering an output voltage in the range from 26 V to 48 V, and 120 W, maximum, when delivering an output voltage in the range from 48 V to 55 V. When configuring a PRM for use with a specific VTM, refer to the appropriate VTM data sheet. The VTM input power can be calculated by dividing the VTM output power by the VTM efficiency (available from the VTM data sheet). The input power required by the VTM should not exceed the output power rating of the PRM. 100.00 10.00 1.00 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 Desired PRM Output Current Limit (A) 2.55 2.50 Figure 18 — Calculated external resistor value for adjusting current limit, actual value may vary. Current (A) 2.45 2.40 2.35 Safe Operating Area 2.30 Input fuse recommendations 2.25 2.20 2.15 0 ~ ~ 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 A fuse should be incorporated at the input to the PRM, in series with the +IN port. A fast acting fuse, NANO2 FUSE 451/453 Series 10 A 125 V, or equivalent, may be required to meet certain safety agency Conditions of Acceptability. Always ascertain and observe the safety, regulatory, or other agency specifications that apply to your specific application. Factorized Bus Voltage (Vf) Figure 17 — P048F048T12AL rating based on Factorized Bus voltage Product safety considerations If the input of the PRM is connected to SELV or ELV circuits, the output of the PRM can be considered SELV or ELV respectively. The Factorized Bus voltage should not exceed an absolute limit of 55 V, including steady state, ripple and transient conditions. Exceeding this limit may cause the internal OVP set point to be exceeded. Parallel considerations The PR port is used to connect two or more PRMs in parallel to form a higher power array. When configuring arrays, PR port interconnection bypass capacitance must be used at ~1nF per PRM. Additionally one PRM should be designated as the master while all other PRMs are set as slaves by shorting their SC pin to SG. The PC pins must be directly connected (no diodes) to assure a uniform start up sequence. The factorized bus should be connected in parallel as well. vicorpower.com 800-735-6200 If the input of the PRM is connected to a centralized DC power system where the working or float voltage is above SELV, but less than or equal to 75 V, the input and output voltage of the PRM should be classified as a TNV-2 circuit and spaced 1.3 mm from SELV circuitry or accessible conductive parts according to the requirements of UL60950, CSA 22.2 60950, EN60950, and IEC60950. Applications assistance Please contact Vicor Applications Engineering for assistance, 1-800-927-9474, or email at [email protected]. V•I Chip Pre-Regulator Module P048F048T12AL Rev. 1.0 Page 10 of 14 PRELIMINARY Mechanical Specifications (continued) V•I Chip Pre-Regulator Module 3,01 0.118 6,2 0.25 22,0 0.87 15,99 0.630 3,01 0.118 1,10 (12) X 0.043 OUTPUT INPUT OUTPUT 32,0 1.26 30,00 1.181 26,00 (2) X 1.024 INPUT (2) X 28,00 1.102 24,00 (2) X 0.945 CL (2) X 22,00 0.866 20,00 (2) X 0.787 15,55 0.612 (2) X 10,00 0.394 (4) X 8,10 0.319 0,45 0.020 TOP VIEW (COMPONENT SIDE) (2) X CL BOTTOM VIEW NOTES: mm 1- DIMENSIONS ARE inch . 2- UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED, TOLERANCES ARE: .X/[.XX] = +/-0.25/[.01]; .XX/[.XXX] = +/-0.13/[.005] 3- PRODUCT MARKING ON TOP SURFACE DXF and PDF files are available on vicorpower.com Figure 19— PRM J-Lead mechanical outline; Onboard mounting 3,26 0.128 15,74 0.620 3,26 0.128 1,38 TYP 0.054 CD PC TM IL NC PR NC 30,00 1.181 26,00 (4) X 1.024 22,00 (4) X 0.866 +OUT +IN (4) X OS 20,00 (4) X 0.787 SG (4) X 24,00 0.945 SC 28,00 (4) X 1.102 (24) X 1,48 0.058 VH VC 0,51 TYP 0.020 -OUT 8,48 (8) X 0.334 -IN 15,96 0.628 (4) X 10,00 0.394 RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN (COMPONENT SIDE SHOW) NOTES: mm 1- DIMENSIONS ARE inch . 2- UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED, TOLERANCES ARE: .X/[.XX] = +/-0.25/[.01]; .XX/[.XXX] = +/-0.13/[.005] DXF and PDF files are available on vicorpower.com Figure 20— PRM J-Lead PCB land layout information; Onboard mounting vicorpower.com 800-735-6200 V•I Chip Pre-Regulator Module P048F048T12AL Rev. 1.0 Page 11 of 14 PRELIMINARY Configuration Options V•I Chip Pre-Regulator Module Onboard (1) (Figure 21) Onboard with 0.25" Heat Sink(2) Effective power density 875 W/in3 437 W/in3 Effective Junction-Board thermal resistanc 2.4 °C/W 2.4 °C/W Effective Junction-Case thermal resistance 1.1 °C/W N/A Effective Junction-Ambient thermal resistance 300LFM 6.8 °C/W 5.0 °C/W Configuration Note: (1) Surface mounted to a 2" x 2" FR4 board, 4 layers 2 oz Cu (2) Heat sink available as a separate item 22.0 0.87 32.0 1.26 6.3 0.25 STANDARD MOUNT mm in Figure 22—Hole location for push pin heatsink relative to VIC Figure 21—Standard mounting – package F Thermal Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Note 125 135 0.61 1.1 2.1 6.5 5.0 140 °C Ws/°C °C/W °C/W °C/W °C/W Junction temperature RθJC RθJB RθJA RθJA Over temperature shutdown Thermal capacity Junction-to-case thermal impedance Junction-to-board thermal impedance Junction-to-ambient (1) Junction-to-ambient (2) Notes: (1) P048F048T12AL surface mounted to a 2" x 2" FR4 board, 4 layers 2 oz Cu, 300 LFM. (2) P048F048T12AL with a 0.25"H heatsink surface mounted on FR4 board, 300 LFM. vicorpower.com 800-735-6200 V•I Chip Pre-Regulator Module P048F048T12AL Rev. 1.0 Page 12 of 14 PRELIMINARY Application Information V•I Chip Pre-Regulator Module V•I Chip soldering recommendations Removal and rework V•I Chip modules are intended for reflow soldering processes. The following information defines the processing conditions required for successful attachment of a V•I Chip to a PCB. Failure to follow the recommendations provided can result in aesthetic or functional failure of the module. V•I Chip modules can be removed from PCBs using special tools such as those made by Air-Vac. These tools heat a very localized region of the board with a hot gas while applying a tensile force to the component (using vacuum). Prior to component heating and removal, the entire board should be heated to 80-100ºC to decrease the component heating time as well as local PCB warping. If there are adjacent moisture-sensitive components, a 125ºC bake should be used prior to component removal to prevent popcorning. V•I Chip modules should not be expected to survive a removal operation. Storage V•I Chip modules are currently rated at MSL 5. Exposure to ambient conditions for more than 48 hours requires a 24 hour bake at 125ºC to remove moisture from the package. Solder paste stencil design 239 Solder paste is recommended for a number of reasons, including overcoming minor solder sphere co-planarity issues as well as simpler integration into overall SMD process. 63/37 SnPb, either no-clean or water-washable, solder paste should be used. Pb-free development is underway. The recommended stencil thickness is 6 mils. The apertures should be 20 mils in diameter for the Inboard (BGA) application and 0.9-0.9:1 for the Onboard (J-Leaded). Joint Temperature, 220ºC Case Temperature, 208ºC 183 165 degC 91 Pick and place Modules should be placed within ±5 mils. to maintain placement position, the modules should not be subjected to acceleration greater than 500 in/sec2 prior to reflow. 16 Soldering Time Figure 22—Thermal profile diagram Reflow There are two temperatures critical to the reflow process; the solder joint temperature and the module’s case temperature. The solder joint’s temperature should reach at least 220ºC, with a time above liquidus (183ºC) of ~30 seconds. The module’s case temperature must not exceed 208 ºC at anytime during reflow. Because of the ΔT needed between the pin and the case, a forced-air convection oven is preferred for reflow soldering. This reflow method generally transfers heat from the PCB to the solder joint. The module’s large mass also reduces its temperature rise. Care should be taken to prevent smaller devices from excessive temperatures. Reflow of modules onto a PCB using Air-Vac-type equipment is not recommended due to the high temperature the module will experience. Inspection Solder joints should conform to IPC 12.2 Figure 23— Properly reflowed V•I Chip J-Lead • Properly wetted fillet must be evident. • Heel fillet height must exceed lead thickness plus solder thickness. vicorpower.com 800-735-6200 V•I Chip Pre-Regulator Module P048F048T12AL Rev. 1.0 Page 13 of 14 Warranty Vicor products are guaranteed for two years from date of shipment against defects in material or workmanship when in normal use and service. This warranty does not extend to products subjected to misuse, accident, or improper application or maintenance. Vicor shall not be liable for collateral or consequential damage. This warranty is extended to the original purchaser only. EXCEPT FOR THE FOREGOING EXPRESS WARRANTY, VICOR MAKES NO WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Vicor will repair or replace defective products in accordance with its own best judgement. For service under this warranty, the buyer must contact Vicor to obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number and shipping instructions. Products returned without prior authorization will be returned to the buyer. The buyer will pay all charges incurred in returning the product to the factory. Vicor will pay all reshipment charges if the product was defective within the terms of this warranty. Information published by Vicor has been carefully checked and is believed to be accurate; however, no responsibility is assumed for inaccuracies. Vicor reserves the right to make changes to any products without further notice to improve reliability, function, or design. Vicor does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. Vicor general policy does not recommend the use of its components in life support applications wherein a failure or malfunction may directly threaten life or injury. Per Vicor Terms and Conditions of Sale, the user of Vicor components in life support applications assumes all risks of such use and indemnifies Vicor against all damages. Vicor’s comprehensive line of power solutions includes high density AC-DC and DC-DC modules and accessory components, fully configurable AC-DC and DC-DC power supplies, and complete custom power systems. Information furnished by Vicor is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Vicor for its use. Vicor components are not designed to be used in applications, such as life support systems, wherein a failure or malfunction could result in injury or death. All sales are subject to Vicor’s Terms and Conditions of Sale, which are available upon request. Specifications are subject to change without notice. Intellectual Property Notice Vicor and its subsidiaries own Intellectual Property (including issued U.S. and Foreign Patents and pending patent applications) relating to the products described in this data sheet. Interested parties should contact Vicor's Intellectual Property Department. Vicor Corporation 25 Frontage Road Andover, MA, USA 01810 Tel: 800-735-6200 Fax: 978-475-6715 email Vicor Express: [email protected] Technical Support: [email protected] vicorpower.com 800-735-6200 V•I Chip Pre-Regulator Module P048F048T12AL Rev. 1.0 11/05