M27V512 512 Kbit (64Kb x8) Low Voltage UV EPROM and OTP EPROM ■ LOW VOLTAGE READ OPERATION: 3V to 3.6V ■ FAST ACCESS TIME: 100ns ■ LOW POWER CONSUMPTION: – Active Current 10mA at 5MHz 28 28 – Standby Current 10µA ■ PROGRAMMING VOLTAGE: 12.75V ± 0.25V ■ PROGRAMMING TIME: 100µs/byte (typical) ■ ELECTRONIC SIGNATURE 1 1 FDIP28W (F) PDIP28 (B) – Manufacturer Code: 20h – Device Code: 3Dh DESCRIPTION The M27V512 is a low voltage 512 Kbit EPROM offered in the two ranges UV (ultra viloet erase) and OTP (one time programmable). It is ideally suited for microprocessor systems and is organized as 65,536 by 8 bits. The M27V512 operates in the read mode with a supply voltage as low as 3V. The decrease in operating power allows either a reduction of the size of the battery or an increase in the time between battery recharges. The FDIP28W (window ceramic frit-seal package) has transparent lid which allows the user to expose the chip to ultraviolet light to erase the bit pattern. A new pattern can then be written to the device by following the programming procedure. For applications where the content is programmed only one time and erasure is not required, the M27V512 is offered in PDIP28, PLCC32 and TSOP28 (8 x 13.4 mm) packages. PLCC32 (K) TSOP28 (N) 8 x 13.4mm Figure 1. Logic Diagram VCC 16 8 A0-A15 E Q0-Q7 M27V512 GVPP Table 1. Signal Names A0-A15 Address Inputs Q0-Q7 Data Outputs E Chip Enable GV PP Output Enable VCC Supply Voltage VSS Ground VSS AI00732B May 1998 1/16 M27V512 AI01907 1 32 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 NC Q0 9 M27V512 25 A8 A9 A11 NC GVPP A10 E Q7 Q6 17 VSS DU Q3 Q4 Q5 VCC A14 A13 A8 A9 A11 GVPP A10 E Q7 Q6 Q5 Q4 Q3 1 28 2 27 3 26 4 25 5 24 6 23 7 22 M27V512 8 21 9 20 10 19 11 18 12 17 13 16 14 15 A7 A12 A15 DU VCC A14 A13 A15 A12 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 Q0 Q1 Q2 VSS Figure 2B. LCC Pin Connections Q1 Q2 Figure 2A. DIP Pin Connections AI00733B Warning: NC = Not Connected, DU = Don’t Use Figure 2C. TSOP Pin Connections GVPP A11 A9 A8 A13 A14 VCC A15 A12 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 22 28 1 7 21 M27V512 15 14 8 AI00734B 2/16 A10 E Q7 Q6 Q5 Q4 Q3 VSS Q2 Q1 Q0 A0 A1 A2 DEVICE OPERATION The operating modes of the M27V512 are listed in the Operating Modes table. A single power supply is required in the read mode. All inputs are TTL levels except for GVPP and 12V on A9 for Electronic Signature. Read Mode The M27V512 has two control functions, both of which must be logically active in order to obtain data at the outputs. Chip Enable (E) is the power control and should be used for device selection. Output Enable (G) is the output control and should be used to gate data to the output pins, independent of device selection. Assuming that the addresses are stable, the address access time (tAVQV) is equal to the delay from E to output (tELQV). Data is available at the output after a delay of t GLQV from the falling edge of G, assuming that E has been low and the addresses have been stable for at least tAVQV-tGLQV. Standby Mode The M27V512 has a standby mode which reduces the supply current from 10mA to 10µA with low voltage operation VCC ≤ 3.6V, see Read Mode DC Characteristics table for details.The M27V512 is placed in the standby mode by applying a CMOS high signal to the E input. When in the standby mode, the outputs are in a high impedance state, independent of the GVPP input. M27V512 Table 2. Absolute Maximum Ratings (1) Symbol Value Unit Ambient Operating Temperature (3) –40 to 125 °C TBIAS Temperature Under Bias –50 to 125 °C TSTG Storage Temperature –65 to 150 °C VIO (2) Input or Output Voltage (except A9) –2 to 7 V Supply Voltage –2 to 7 V –2 to 13.5 V –2 to 14 V TA VCC VA9 (2) VPP Parameter A9 Voltage Program Supply Voltage Note: 1. Except for the rating ”Operating Temperature Range”, stresses above those listed in the Table ”Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the Operating sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to Absolute Maximum Rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Refer also to the STMicroelectronics SURE Program and other relevant quality documents. 2. Minimum DC voltage on Input or Output is –0.5V with possible undershoot to –2.0V for a period less than 20ns. Maximum DC voltage on Output is VCC +0.5V with possible overshoot to VCC +2V for a period less than 20ns. 3. Depends on range. Table 3. Operating Modes E GV PP A9 Q0-Q7 Read VIL V IL X Data Out Output Disable VIL VIH X Hi-Z VIL Pulse VPP X Data In Program Inhibit V IH VPP X Hi-Z Standby V IH X X Hi-Z Electronic Signature VIL V IL VID Codes Mode Program Note: X = VIH or VIL, VID = 12V ± 0.5V. Table 4. Electronic Signature Identifier A0 Q7 Q6 Q5 Q4 Q3 Q2 Q1 Q0 Hex Data Manufacturer’s Code VIL 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 20h Device Code VIH 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 3Dh Two Line Output Control Because EPROMs are usually used in larger memory arrays, the product features a 2 line control function which accommodates the use of multiple memory connection. The two line control function allows: a. the lowest possible memory power dissipation, b. complete assurance that output bus contention will not occur. For the most efficient use of these two control lines, E should be decoded and used as the primary device selecting function, while G should be made a common connection to all devices in the array and connected to the READ line from the system control bus. This ensures that all deselected memory devices are in their low power standby mode and that the output pins are only active when data is required from a particular memory device. 3/16 M27V512 Table 5. AC Measurement Conditions High Speed Standard Input Rise and Fall Times ≤ 10ns ≤ 20ns Input Pulse Voltages 0 to 3V 0.4V to 2.4V 1.5V 0.8V and 2V Input and Output Timing Ref. Voltages Figure 3. Testing Input Output Waveform Figure 4. AC Testing Load Circuit 1.3V High Speed 1N914 3V 1.5V 3.3kΩ 0V DEVICE UNDER TEST Standard 2.4V OUT CL 2.0V 0.8V 0.4V AI01822 CL = 30pF for High Speed CL = 100pF for Standard CL includes JIG capacitance AI01823B Table 6. Capacitance (1) (TA = 25 °C, f = 1 MHz) Symbol C IN COUT Parameter Input Capacitance Output Capacitance Test Condit ion Min Max Unit VIN = 0V 6 pF VOUT = 0V 12 pF Note: 1. Sampled only, not 100% tested. System Considerations The power switching characteristics of Advanced CMOS EPROMs require careful decoupling of the devices. The supply current, ICC, has three segments that are of interest to the system designer: the standby current level, the active current level, and transient current peaks that are produced by the falling and rising edges of E. The magnitude of the transient current peaks is dependent on the capacitive and inductive loading of the device at the output. The associated transient voltage peaks can be suppressed by complying with the two line output 4/16 control and by properly selected decoupling capacitors. It is recommended that a 0.1µF ceramic capacitor be used on every device between VCC and VSS. This should be a high frequency capacitor of low inherent inductance and should be placed as close to the device as possible. In addition, a 4.7µF bulk electrolytic capacitor should be used between VCC and VSS for every eight devices. The bulk capacitor should be located near the power supplyconnection point.The purpose of the bulk capacitor is to overcome the voltage drop caused by the inductive effects of PCB traces. M27V512 Table 7. Read Mode DC Characteristics (1) (TA = 0 to 70 °C or –40 to 85 °C; VCC = 3.3V ± 10%; VPP = VCC) Symbol Parameter Test Condition Min Max Unit 0V ≤ VIN ≤ VCC ±10 µA 0V ≤ VOUT ≤ VCC ±10 µA E = VIL, G = VIL, IOUT = 0mA, f = 5MHz, VCC ≤ 3.6V 10 mA E = VIH 1 mA E > VCC – 0.2V, VCC ≤ 3.6V 10 µA VPP = VCC 10 µA ILI Input Leakage Current ILO Output Leakage Current ICC Supply Current ICC1 Supply Current (Standby) TTL ICC2 Supply Current (Standby) CMOS IPP Program Current VIL Input Low Voltage –0.3 0.8 V VIH (2) Input High Voltage 2 VCC + 1 V VOL Output Low Voltage 0.4 V VOH Output High Voltage TTL IOH = –400µA 2.4 V VOH Output High Voltage CMOS IOH = –100µA VCC – 0.7V V IOL = 2.1mA Note: 1. VCC must be applied simultaneously with or before VPP and removed simultaneously or after V PP. 2. Maximum DC voltage on Output is VCC +0.5V. Table 8A. Read Mode AC Characteristics (1) (TA = 0 to 70 °C or –40 to 85 °C; VCC = 3.3V ± 10%; VPP = VCC) M27V512 Symbol Alt Parameter -100 (3) Test Condition Min tAVQV tACC Address Valid to Output Valid tELQV tCE tGLQV -120 Max Min Unit Max E = VIL, G = VIL 100 120 ns Chip Enable Low to Output Valid G = VIL 100 120 ns tOE Output Enable Low to Output Valid E = VIL 45 45 ns tEHQZ (2) tDF Chip Enable High to Output Hi-Z G = VIL 0 30 0 35 ns t GHQZ (2) tDF Output Enable High to Output Hi-Z E = VIL 0 30 0 35 ns tAXQX tOH Address Transition to Output Transition E = VIL, G = VIL 0 0 ns Note: 1. VCC must be applied simultaneously with or before VPP and removed simultaneously or after V PP. 2. Sampled only, not 100% tested. 3. Speed obtained with High Speed AC measurement conditions. 5/16 M27V512 Table 8B. Read Mode AC Characteristics (1) (TA = 0 to 70 °C or –40 to 85 °C; VCC = 3.3V ± 10%; VPP = VCC)) M27V512 Symbol Alt Parameter Test Condition -150 Min tAVQV tACC Address Valid to Output Valid tELQV tCE tGLQV -200 Max Min Unit Max E = VIL, G = VIL 150 200 ns Chip Enable Low to Output Valid G = VIL 150 200 ns tOE Output Enable Low to Output Valid E = VIL 50 60 ns tEHQZ (2) tDF Chip Enable High to Output Hi-Z G = VIL 0 40 0 50 ns t GHQZ (2) tDF Output Enable High to Output Hi-Z E = VIL 0 40 0 50 ns tAXQX tOH Address Transition to Output Transition E = VIL, G = VIL 0 0 ns Note: 1. VCC must be applied simultaneously with or before VPP and removed simultaneously or after V PP. 2. Sampled only, not 100% tested. Figure 5. Read Mode AC Waveforms A0-A15 VALID tAVQV VALID tAXQX E tGLQV tEHQZ G tELQV Q0-Q7 tGHQZ Hi-Z AI00735B Programming The M27V512 has been designed to be fully compatible with the M27C512 and has the same electronic signature. As a result the M27V512 can be programmed as the M27C512 on the same programming equipments applying 12.75V on VPP and 6.25V on VCC by the use of the same PRESTO IIB algorithm. When delivered (and after each erasure for UV EPROM), all bits of the M27V512 are in the ’1’ state. Data is introduced by selectively programming ’0’s into the desired bit locations. Although only ’0’s will be programmed, both ’1’s and ’0’s can be present in the data word. The only way to change a ’0’ to a ’1’ is by die exposure to ul- 6/16 traviolet light (UV EPROM). The M27V512 is in the programming mode when VPP input is at 12.75V and E is pulsed to VIL. The data to be programmed is applied to 8 bits in parallel to the data output pins.The levels required for the address and data inputs are TTL. VCC is specified to be 6.25V ± 0.25V. The M27V512 can use PRESTO IIB Programming Algorithm that drastically reduces the programming time (typically less than 6 seconds). Nevertheless to achieve compatibility with all programming equipments, PRESTO Programming Algorithm can be used as well. M27V512 Table 9. Programming Mode AC Characteristics (1) (TA = 25 °C; VCC = 6.25V ± 0.25V; VPP = 12.75V ± 0.25V) Symbol Parameter Test Condition Min Max Unit ±10 µA 50 mA 50 mA ILI Input Leakage Current I CC Supply Current IPP Program Current VIL Input Low Voltage –0.3 0.8 V VIH Input High Voltage 2 VCC + 0.5 V VOL Output Low Voltage IOL = 2.1mA 0.4 V VOH Output High Voltage TTL IOH = –1mA VID A9 Voltage V IL <= VIN <= VIH E = VIL 3.6 V 11.5 12.5 V Note: 1. VCC must be applied simultaneously with or before VPP and removed simultaneously or after V PP. Table 10. MARGIN MODE AC Characteristics (1) (TA = 25 °C; VCC = 6.25V ± 0.25V; VPP = 12.75V ± 0.25V Symbol Alt Parameter Test Condition Min Max Unit tA9HVPH t AS9 VA9 High to VPP High 2 µs tVPHEL tVPS VPP High to Chip Enable Low 2 µs tA10HEH tAS10 VA10 High to Chip Enable High (Set) 1 µs tA10LEH tAS10 VA10 Low to Chip Enable High (Reset) 1 µs tEXA10X tAH10 Chip Enable Transition to VA10 Transition 1 µs t EXVPX tVPH Chip Enable Transition to VPP Transition 2 µs tVPXA9X tAH9 VPP Transition to VA9 Transition 2 µs Note: 1. VCC must be applied simultaneously with or before VPP and removed simultaneously or after V PP. 7/16 M27V512 Table 11. Programming Mode AC Characteristics (1) (TA = 25 °C; VCC = 6.25V ± 0.25V; VPP = 12.75V ± 0.25V) Symbol Alt Parameter Test Condition Min Max tAVEL tAS Address Valid to Chip Enable Low 2 µs tQVEL tDS Input Valid to Chip Enable Low 2 µs t VCHEL tVCS VCC High to Chip Enable Low 2 µs tVPHEL tOES VPP High to Chip Enable Low 2 µs tVPLVPH tPRT VPP Rise Time 50 ns tELEH tPW Chip Enable Program Pulse Width (Initial) 95 tEHQX tDH Chip Enable High to Input Transition 2 µs tEHVPX tOEH Chip Enable High to VPP Transition 2 µs tVPLEL tVR VPP Low to Chip Enable Low 2 µs tELQV tDV Chip Enable Low to Output Valid tEHQZ (2) tDFP Chip Enable High to Output Hi-Z 0 t EHAX tAH Chip Enable High to Address Transition 0 105 µs 130 ns ns Figure 6. MARGIN MODE AC Waveforms VCC A8 A9 tVPXA9X GVPP tVPHEL tEXVPX E tA10HEH tEXA10X A10 Set A10 Reset tA10LEH AI00736B Note: A8 High level = 5V; A9 High level = 12V. 8/16 µs 1 Note: 1. VCC must be applied simultaneously with or before VPP and removed simultaneously or after V PP. 2. Sampled only, not 100% tested. tA9HVPH Unit M27V512 Figure 7. Programming and Verify Modes AC Waveforms A0-A15 VALID tAVEL tEHAX DATA IN Q0-Q7 DATA OUT tQVEL tEHQX VCC tEHQZ tELQV tVCHEL tEHVPX GVPP tVPHEL tVPLEL E tELEH PROGRAM VERIFY AI00737 Figure 8. Programming Flowchart VCC = 6.25V, VPP = 12.75V SET MARGIN MODE n=0 E = 100µs Pulse NO ++n = 25 YES FAIL NO VERIFY ++ Addr YES Last Addr NO YES RESET MARGIN MODE CHECK ALL BYTES 1st: VCC = 6V 2nd: VCC = 4.2V AI00738B PRESTO IIB Programming Algorithm PRESTO IIB Programming Algorithm allows the whole array to be programmed with a guaranteed margin, in a typical time of 6.5 seconds. This can be achieved with STMicroelectronics M27V512 due to several design innovations described in the M27V512 datasheet to improve programming efficiency and to provide adequate margin for reliability. Before starting the programming the internal MARGIN MODE circuit is set in order to guarantee that each cell is programmed with enough margin. Then a sequence of 100µs program pulses are applied to each byte until a correct verify occurs. No overprogram pulses are applied since the verify in MARGIN MODE provides the necessary margin. Program Inhibit Programming of multiple M27V512s in parallel with different data is also easily accomplished. Except for E, all like inputs including GVPP of the parallel M27V512 may be common. A TTL low level pulse applied to a M27V512’s E input, with VPP at 12.75V, will program that M27V512. A high level E input inhibits the other M27V512s from being programmed. Program Verify A verify (read) should be performed on the programmed bits to determine that they were correctly programmed. The verify is accomplished with G at V IL. Data should be verified with tELQV after the falling edge of E. 9/16 M27V512 On-Board Programming The M27V512 can be directly programmed in the application circuit. See the relevant Application Note AN620. Electronic Signature The Electronic Signature (ES) mode allows the reading out of a binary code from an EPROM that will identify its manufacturer and type. This mode is intended for use by programming equipment to automatically match the device to be programmed with its corresponding programming algorithm. The ES mode is functional in the 25°C ± 5°C ambient temperature range that is required when programming the M27V512. To activate the ES mode, the programming equipment must force 11.5V to 12.5V on address line A9 of the M27V512. Two identifier bytes may then be sequenced from the device outputs by toggling address line A0 from VIL to VIH. All other address lines must be held at VIL during Electronic Signature mode. Byte 0 (A0=VIL) represents the manufacturer code and byte 1 (A0=VIH) the device identifier code. For the STMicroelectronics M27V512, these two identifier bytes are given in Table 4 and can be readout on outputs Q0 to Q7. Note that the M27V512 and M27C512 have the same identifier bytes. 10/16 ERASURE OPERATION (applies for UV EPROM) The erasure characteristics of the M27V512 is such that erasure begins when the cells are exposed to light with wavelengths shorter than approximately 4000 Å. It should be noted that sunlight and some type of fluorescent lamps have wavelengths in the 3000-4000 Å range. Research shows that constant exposure to room level fluorescent lighting could erase a typical M27V512 in about 3 years, while it would take approximately 1 week to cause erasure when exposed to direct sunlight. If the M27V512 is to be exposed to these types of lighting conditions for extended periods of time, it is suggested that opaque labels be put over the M27V512 window to prevent unintentional erasure. The recommended erasure procedure for the M27V512 is exposure to short wave ultraviolet light which has wavelength 2537 Å. The integrated dose (i.e. UV intensity x exposure time) for erasure should be a minimum of 15 W-sec/cm2. The erasure time with this dosage is approximately 15 to 20 minutes using an ultraviolet lamp with 12000 µW/cm2 power rating. The M27V512 should be placed within 2.5 cm (1 inch) of the lamp tubes during the erasure. Some lamps have a filter on their tubes which should be removed before erasure. M27V512 Table 12. Ordering Information Scheme Example: M27V512 -100 K 1 TR Device Type Speed -100 -120 -150 -200 (1) = 100 ns = 120 ns = 150 ns = 200 ns Package F = FDIP28W B = PDIP28 K = PLCC32 N = TSOP28: 8 x 13.4mm Temperature Range 1 = –0 to 70 °C 6 = –40 to 85 °C Optio n TR = Tape & Reel packing Note: 1. High Speed, see AC Characteristics section for further information. For a list of available options (Speed, Package, etc...) or for further information on any aspect of this device, please contact the ST Sales Office nearest to you. 11/16 M27V512 Table 13. FDIP28W - 28 pin Ceramic Frit-seal DIP, with window, Package Mechanical Data mm inches Symb Typ Min Max A Typ Min 5.71 0.225 A1 0.50 1.78 0.020 0.070 A2 3.90 5.08 0.154 0.200 B 0.40 0.55 0.016 0.022 B1 1.17 1.42 0.046 0.056 C 0.22 0.31 0.009 0.012 D 38.10 1.500 E 15.40 15.80 0.606 0.622 E1 13.05 13.36 0.514 0.526 e1 2.54 – – 0.100 – – e3 33.02 – – 1.300 – – eA 16.17 18.32 0.637 0.721 L 3.18 4.10 0.125 0.161 S 1.52 2.49 0.060 0.098 – – – – α 4° 15° 4° 15° N 28 ∅ 7.11 0.280 28 Figure 9. FDIP28W - 28 pin Ceramic Frit-seal DIP, with window, Package Outline A2 A3 A1 B1 B A L e α eA D2 C eB D S N ∅ E1 E 1 FDIPW-a Drawing is not to scale. 12/16 Max M27V512 Table 14. PDIP28 - 28 pin Plastic DIP, 600 mils width, Package Mechanical Data mm inches Symb Typ Min Max A – A1 Min Max 5.08 – 0.200 0.38 – 0.015 – A2 3.56 4.06 0.140 0.160 B 0.38 0.51 0.015 0.020 – – – – C 0.20 0.30 0.008 0.012 D 36.83 37.34 1.450 1.470 B1 1.52 Typ 0.060 D2 33.02 – – 1.300 – – E 15.24 – – 0.600 – – 13.59 13.84 0.535 0.545 E1 e1 2.54 – – 0.100 – – eA 14.99 – – 0.590 – – eB 15.24 17.78 0.600 0.700 L 3.18 3.43 0.125 0.135 S 1.78 2.08 0.070 0.082 α 0° 10° 0° 10° N 28 28 Figure 10. PDIP28 - 28 pin Plastic DIP, 600 mils width, Package Outline A2 A1 B1 B A L α e1 eA C D S N E1 E 1 PDIP Drawing is not to scale. 13/16 M27V512 Table 15. PLCC32 - 32 lead Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier, rectangular, Package Mechanical Data Symb mm Min Max Min Max A 2.54 3.56 0.100 0.140 A1 1.52 2.41 0.060 0.095 A2 – 0.38 – 0.015 B 0.33 0.53 0.013 0.021 B1 0.66 0.81 0.026 0.032 D 12.32 12.57 0.485 0.495 D1 11.35 11.56 0.447 0.455 D2 9.91 10.92 0.390 0.430 E 14.86 15.11 0.585 0.595 E1 13.89 14.10 0.547 0.555 E2 12.45 13.46 0.490 0.530 – – – – 0.00 0.25 0.000 0.010 – – – – e Typ inches 1.27 F R 0.89 Typ 0.050 0.035 N 32 32 Nd 7 7 Ne 9 9 CP 0.10 0.004 Figure 11. PLCC32 - 32 lead Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier, rectangular, Package Outline D D1 A1 A2 1 N B1 E1 E Ne e D2/E2 F B 0.51 (.020) 1.14 (.045) A Nd R PLCC Drawing is not to scale. 14/16 CP M27V512 Table 16. TSOP28 - 28 lead Plastic Thin Small Outline, 8 x 13.4mm, Package Mechanical Data mm inches Symb Typ Min Max Typ Min Max A 1.25 0.049 A1 0.20 0.008 A2 0.95 1.15 0.037 0.045 B 0.17 0.27 0.007 0.011 C 0.10 0.21 0.004 0.008 D 13.20 13.60 0.520 0.535 D1 11.70 11.90 0.461 0.469 E 7.90 8.10 0.311 0.319 – – – – L 0.50 0.70 0.020 0.028 α 0° 5° 0° 5° N 28 e 0.55 0.022 28 CP 0.10 0.004 Figure 12. TSOP28 - 28 lead Plastic Thin Small Outline, 8 x 13.4mm, Package Outline A2 22 21 e 28 1 E B 7 8 D1 A CP D DIE C TSOP-c A1 α L Drawing is not to scale 15/16 M27V512 Information furnished is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, STMicroelectronics assumes no responsibility for the consequences of use of such information nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of STMicroelectronics. Specifications mentioned in this publication are subject to change without notice. This publication supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied. STMicroelectronics products are not authorized for use as critical components in lif e support devices or systems without express written approval of STMicroelectronics. The ST logo is registered trademark of STMicroelectronics 1998 STMicroelectronics - All Rights Reserved All other names are the property of their respective owners. STMicroelectronics GROUP OF COMPANIES Australia - Brazil - Canada - China - France - Germany - Italy - Japan - Korea - Malaysia - Malta - Mexico - Morocco - The Netherlands Singapore - Spain - Sweden - Switzerland - Taiwan - Thailand - United Kingdom - U.S.A. http://w ww.st.com 16/16