TL494 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS www.ti.com SLVS074E – JANUARY 1983 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2005 FEATURES • • • • • • • D, DB, N, NS, OR PW PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) Complete PWM Power-Control Circuitry Uncommitted Outputs for 200-mA Sink or Source Current Output Control Selects Single-Ended or Push-Pull Operation Internal Circuitry Prohibits Double Pulse at Either Output Variable Dead Time Provides Control Over Total Range Internal Regulator Provides a Stable 5-V Reference Supply With 5% Tolerance Circuit Architecture Allows Easy Synchronization 1IN+ 1IN− FEEDBACK DTC CT RT GND C1 1 16 2 15 3 14 4 13 5 12 6 7 10 8 9 11 2IN+ 2IN− REF OUTPUT CTRL VCC C2 E2 E1 DESCRIPTION The TL494 incorporates all the functions required in the construction of a pulse-width-modulation (PWM) control circuit on a single chip. Designed primarily for power-supply control, this device offers the flexibility to tailor the power-supply control circuitry to a specific application. The TL494 contains two error amplifiers, an on-chip adjustable oscillator, a dead-time control (DTC) comparator, a pulse-steering control flip-flop, a 5-V, 5%-precision regulator, and output-control circuits. The error amplifiers exhibit a common-mode voltage range from –0.3 V to VCC – 2 V. The dead-time control comparator has a fixed offset that provides approximately 5% dead time. The on-chip oscillator can be bypassed by terminating RT to the reference output and providing a sawtooth input to CT, or it can drive the common circuits in synchronous multiple-rail power supplies. The uncommitted output transistors provide either common-emitter or emitter-follower output capability. The TL494 provides for push-pull or single-ended output operation, which can be selected through the output-control function. The architecture of this device prohibits the possibility of either output being pulsed twice during push-pull operation. The TL494C is characterized for operation from 0°C to 70°C. The TL494I is characterized for operation from –40°C to 85°C. AVAILABLE OPTIONS PACKAGED DEVICES (1) (1) TA SMALL OUTLINE (D) PLASTIC DIP (N) SMALL OUTLINE (NS) SHRINK SMALL OUTLINE (DB) THIN SHRINK SMALL OUTLINE (PW) 0°C to 70°C TL494CD TL494CN TL494CNS TL494CDB TL494CPW –40°C to 85°C TL494ID TL494IN — — — The D, DB, NS, and PW packages are available taped and reeled. Add the suffix R to device type (e.g., TL494CDR). Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Copyright © 1983–2005, Texas Instruments Incorporated TL494 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS www.ti.com SLVS074E – JANUARY 1983 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2005 FUNCTION TABLE INPUT TO OUTPUT CTRL OUTPUT FUNCTION VI = GND Single-ended or parallel output VI = Vref Normal push-pull operation FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM OUTPUT CTRL (see Function Table) 13 RT 6 CT 5 Oscillator Q1 1D DTC 4 Dead-Time Control Comparator ≈ 0.1 V ≈ 0.7 V 1IN− 1 2 9 Q2 11 PWM Comparator 10 + 2IN+ 2IN− 15 − 2 3 C2 E2 12 VCC + Reference Regulator − 14 7 FEEDBACK E1 Pulse-Steering Flip-Flop Error Amplifier 2 16 C1 C1 Error Amplifier 1 1IN+ 8 0.7 mA REF GND TL494 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS www.ti.com Absolute Maximum Ratings SLVS074E – JANUARY 1983 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2005 (1) over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) MIN MAX UNIT VCC Supply voltage (2) VI Amplifier input voltage VO Collector output voltage 41 V IO Collector output current 250 mA θJA Package thermal impedance (3) (4) (1) (2) (3) (4) V VCC + 0.3 V D package 73 DB package 82 N package 67 NS package 64 PW package 108 Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds Tstg 41 Storage temperature range –65 °C/W 260 °C 150 °C Stresses beyond those listed under "absolute maximum ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under "recommended operating conditions" is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. All voltages are with respect to the network ground terminal. Maximum power disipation is a function of TJ(max), θJA, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable ambient temperatire is PD = (TJ(max) – TA)/θJA. Operating at the absolute maximum TJ of 150°C can affect reliability. The package thermal impedance is calculated in accordance with JESD 51-7. Recommended Operating Conditions MIN VCC Supply voltage VI Amplifier input voltage VO Collector output voltage MAX UNIT 7 40 V –0.3 VCC – 2 V 40 V Collector output current (each transistor) 200 mA Current into feedback terminal 0.3 mA 1 300 kHz 0.47 10000 nF 1.8 500 kΩ 0 70 –40 85 fOSC Oscillator frequency CT Timing capacitor RT Timing resistor TA Operating free-air temperature TL494C TL494I °C 3 TL494 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS www.ti.com SLVS074E – JANUARY 1983 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2005 Electrical Characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature range, VCC = 15 V, f = 10 kHz (unless otherwise noted) Reference Section TEST CONDITIONS (1) PARAMETER TL494C, TL494I MIN TYP (2) MAX 4.75 UNIT Output voltage (REF) IO = 1 mA 5 5.25 Input regulation VCC = 7 V to 40 V 2 25 Output regulation IO = 1 mA to 10 mA 1 15 mV Output voltage change with temperature ∆TA = MIN to MAX 2 10 mV/V Short-circuit output current (3) REF = 0 V (1) (2) (3) 25 V mV mA For conditions shown as MIN or MAX, use the appropriate value specified under recommended operating conditions. All typical values, except for parameter changes with temperature, are at TA = 25°C. Duration of short circuit should not exceed one second. Oscillator Section CT = 0.01 µF, RT = 12 kΩ (see Figure 1) TEST CONDITIONS (1) PARAMETER TL494C, TL494I MIN TYP (2) Frequency Standard deviation of frequency (3) All values of VCC, CT, RT, and TA constant Frequency change with voltage VCC = 7 V to 40 V, TA = 25°C Frequency change with temperature (4) ∆TA = MIN to MAX (1) (2) (3) MAX UNIT 10 kHz 100 Hz/kHz 1 Hz/kHz 10 Hz/kHz For conditions shown as MIN or MAX, use the appropriate value specified under recommended operating conditions. All typical values, except for parameter changes with temperature, are at TA = 25°C. Standard deviation is a measure of the statistical distribution about the mean as derived from the formula: N (x n X)2 (4) n1 N1 Temperature coefficient of timing capacitor and timing resistor are not taken into account. Error-Amplifier Section See Figure 2 PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS TL494C, TL494I MIN TYP (1) MAX UNIT Input offset voltage VO (FEEDBACK) = 2.5 V 2 10 mV Input offset current VO (FEEDBACK) = 2.5 V 25 250 nA Input bias current VO (FEEDBACK) = 2.5 V 0.2 1 µA –0.3 to VCC – 2 Common-mode input voltage range VCC = 7 V to 40 V Open-loop voltage amplification ∆VO = 3 V, VO = 0.5 V to 3.5 V, RL = 2 kΩ Unity-gain bandwidth VO = 0.5 V to 3.5 V, RL = 2 kΩ Common-mode rejection ratio ∆VO = 40 V, TA = 25°C 65 80 dB Output sink current (FEEDBACK) VID = –15 mV to –5 V, V (FEEDBACK) = 0.7 V 0.3 0.7 mA Output source current (FEEDBACK) VID = 15 mV to 5 V, V (FEEDBACK) = 3.5 V –2 (1) 4 All typical values, except for parameter changes with temperature, are at TA = 25°C. 70 V 95 dB 800 kHz mA TL494 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS www.ti.com SLVS074E – JANUARY 1983 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2005 Electrical Characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature range, VCC = 15 V, f = 10 kHz (unless otherwise noted) Output Section PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS Collector off-state current VCE = 40 V, VCC = 40 V Emitter off-state current VCC = VC = 40 V, VE = 0 Collector-emitter saturation voltage 2 MAX UNIT 100 µA –100 µA Common emitter VE = 0, IC = 200 mA 1.1 1.3 Emitter follower VO(C1 or C2) = 15 V, IE = –200 mA 1.5 2.5 Output control input current (1) TYP (1) MIN VI = Vref 3.5 V mA All typical values, except for temperature coefficient, are at TA = 25°C. Dead-Time Control Section See Figure 1 PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP (1) MAX UNIT –10 µA Input bias current (DEAD-TIME CTRL) VI = 0 to 5.25 V –2 Maximum duty cycle, each output VI (DEAD-TIME CTRL) = 0, CT = 0.01 µF, RT = 12 kΩ 45 Input threshold voltage (DEAD-TIME CTRL) (1) Zero duty cycle Maximum duty cycle % 3 3.3 MIN TYP (1) MAX 4 4.5 0 V All typical values, except for temperature coefficient, are at TA = 25°C. PWM Comparator Section See Figure 1 PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS Input threshold voltage (FEEDBACK) Zero duty cyle Input sink current (FEEDBACK) V (FEEDBACK) = 0.7 V (1) 0.3 0.7 UNIT V mA All typical values, except for temperature coefficient, are at TA = 25°C. Total Device PARAMETER MIN TYP (1) MAX VCC = 15 V 6 10 VCC = 40 V 9 15 TEST CONDITIONS Standby supply current RT = Vref, All other inputs and outputs open Average supply current VI (DEAD-TIME CTRL) = 2 V, See Figure 1 (1) 7.5 UNIT mA mA All typical values, except for temperature coefficient, are at TA = 25°C. Switching Characteristics TA = 25°C PARAMETER Rise time Fall time Rise time Fall time (1) TEST CONDITIONS Common-emitter configuration, See Figure 3 Emitter-follower configuration, See Figure 4 MIN TYP (1) MAX UNIT 100 200 ns 25 100 ns 100 200 ns 40 100 ns All typical values, except for temperature coefficient, are at TA = 25°C. 5 TL494 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS www.ti.com SLVS074E – JANUARY 1983 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2005 PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION VCC = 15 V 150 Ω 2W 12 VCC 4 Test Inputs 3 12 kΩ 6 5 0.01 µF 1 2 16 15 13 C1 DTC FEEDBACK E1 RT C2 CT 1IN+ 1IN− 2IN+ E2 8 150 Ω 2W Output 1 9 11 Output 2 10 Error Amplifiers 2IN− OUTPUT CTRL REF 14 GND 50 kΩ 7 TEST CIRCUIT VCC Voltage at C1 0V VCC Voltage at C2 0V Voltage at CT Threshold Voltage DTC 0V Threshold Voltage FEEDBACK 0.7 V Duty Cycle 0% MAX VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS Figure 1. Operational Test Circuit and Waveforms 6 0% TL494 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS www.ti.com SLVS074E – JANUARY 1983 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2005 PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION Amplifier Under Test + VI FEEDBACK − + Vref − Other Amplifier Figure 2. Amplifier Characteristics 15 V 68 Ω 2W Each Output Circuit tf Output tr 90% 90% CL = 15 pF (See Note A) 10% 10% TEST CIRCUIT OUTPUT VOLTAGE WAVEFORM NOTE A: CL includes probe and jig capacitance. Figure 3. Common-Emitter Configuration 15 V Each Output Circuit Output CL = 15 pF (See Note A) 90% 90% 68 Ω 2W 10% 10% tr TEST CIRCUIT tf OUTPUT VOLTAGE WAVEFORM NOTE A: CL includes probe and jig capacitance. Figure 4. Emitter-Follower Configuration 7 TL494 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS www.ti.com SLVS074E – JANUARY 1983 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2005 f − Oscillator Frequency and Frequency Variation − Hz TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY AND FREQUENCY VARIATION† vs TIMING RESISTANCE 100 k VCC = 15 V TA = 25°C 40 k −2% 0.001 µF −1% 10 k 0.01 µF 0% 4k 0.1 µF 1k 400 † Df = 1% 100 CT = 1 µF 40 10 1k 4k 10 k 40 k 100 k 400 k 1M RT − Timing Resistance − Ω † Frequency variation (∆f) is the change in oscillator frequency that occurs over the full temperature range. Figure 5. AMPLIFIER VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION vs FREQUENCY A − Amplifier Voltage Amplification − dB 100 VCC = 15 V ∆VO = 3 V TA = 25°C 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 10 100 1k 10 k f − Frequency − Hz Figure 6. 8 100 k 1M PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 28-May-2007 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Eco Plan (2) Qty TL494CD ACTIVE SOIC D 16 TL494CDBR ACTIVE SSOP DB TL494CDBRE4 ACTIVE SSOP TL494CDBRG4 ACTIVE TL494CDE4 40 Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 16 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM DB 16 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM SSOP DB 16 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM ACTIVE SOIC D 16 40 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL494CDG4 ACTIVE SOIC D 16 40 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL494CDR ACTIVE SOIC D 16 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL494CDRE4 ACTIVE SOIC D 16 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL494CDRG4 ACTIVE SOIC D 16 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL494CJ OBSOLETE CDIP J 16 TL494CN ACTIVE PDIP N 16 TL494CNE4 ACTIVE PDIP N 16 TL494CNSR ACTIVE SO NS 16 TL494CNSRG4 ACTIVE SO NS 16 TL494CPW ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 90 TL494CPWE4 ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 TL494CPWG4 ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 TL494CPWLE OBSOLETE TSSOP PW 16 TL494CPWR ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL494CPWRE4 ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL494CPWRG4 ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL494ID ACTIVE SOIC D 16 40 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL494IDE4 ACTIVE SOIC D 16 40 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL494IDG4 ACTIVE SOIC D 16 40 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL494IDR ACTIVE SOIC D 16 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL494IDRE4 ACTIVE SOIC D 16 2500 Green (RoHS & CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TBD Call TI 25 Pb-Free (RoHS) CU NIPDAU N / A for Pkg Type 25 Pb-Free (RoHS) CU NIPDAU N / A for Pkg Type 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 90 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 90 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TBD Addendum-Page 1 Call TI Call TI Call TI PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 28-May-2007 Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Eco Plan (2) Qty TL494IDRG4 ACTIVE SOIC D 16 TL494IN ACTIVE PDIP N 16 25 TL494INE4 ACTIVE PDIP N 16 25 TL494MJ OBSOLETE CDIP J TL494MJB OBSOLETE CDIP J Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3) no Sb/Br) 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM Pb-Free (RoHS) CU NIPDAU N / A for Pkg Type Pb-Free (RoHS) CU NIPDAU N / A for Pkg Type 16 TBD Call TI Call TI 16 TBD Call TI Call TI (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. 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Addendum-Page 2 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 5-Oct-2007 TAPE AND REEL BOX INFORMATION Device Package Pins Site Reel Diameter (mm) Reel Width (mm) A0 (mm) B0 (mm) K0 (mm) P1 (mm) W Pin1 (mm) Quadrant TL494CDBR DB 16 SITE 41 330 16 8.2 6.6 2.5 12 16 Q1 TL494CDR D 16 SITE 27 330 16 6.5 10.3 2.1 8 16 Q1 TL494CDR D 16 SITE 41 330 16 6.5 10.3 2.1 8 16 Q1 TL494CNSR NS 16 SITE 41 330 16 8.2 10.5 2.5 12 16 Q1 TL494CPWR PW 16 SITE 41 330 12 7.0 5.6 1.6 8 12 Q1 TL494IDR D 16 SITE 27 330 16 6.5 10.3 2.1 8 16 Q1 Pack Materials-Page 1 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 5-Oct-2007 Device Package Pins Site Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) TL494CDBR DB 16 SITE 41 346.0 346.0 33.0 TL494CDR D 16 SITE 27 342.9 336.6 28.58 TL494CDR D 16 SITE 41 346.0 346.0 33.0 TL494CNSR NS 16 SITE 41 346.0 346.0 33.0 TL494CPWR PW 16 SITE 41 346.0 346.0 29.0 TL494IDR D 16 SITE 27 342.9 336.6 28.58 Pack Materials-Page 2 MECHANICAL DATA MSSO002E – JANUARY 1995 – REVISED DECEMBER 2001 DB (R-PDSO-G**) PLASTIC SMALL-OUTLINE 28 PINS SHOWN 0,38 0,22 0,65 28 0,15 M 15 0,25 0,09 8,20 7,40 5,60 5,00 Gage Plane 1 14 0,25 A 0°–ā8° 0,95 0,55 Seating Plane 2,00 MAX 0,10 0,05 MIN PINS ** 14 16 20 24 28 30 38 A MAX 6,50 6,50 7,50 8,50 10,50 10,50 12,90 A MIN 5,90 5,90 6,90 7,90 9,90 9,90 12,30 DIM 4040065 /E 12/01 NOTES: A. B. C. D. All linear dimensions are in millimeters. This drawing is subject to change without notice. Body dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusion not to exceed 0,15. Falls within JEDEC MO-150 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 MECHANICAL DATA MTSS001C – JANUARY 1995 – REVISED FEBRUARY 1999 PW (R-PDSO-G**) PLASTIC SMALL-OUTLINE PACKAGE 14 PINS SHOWN 0,30 0,19 0,65 14 0,10 M 8 0,15 NOM 4,50 4,30 6,60 6,20 Gage Plane 0,25 1 7 0°– 8° A 0,75 0,50 Seating Plane 0,15 0,05 1,20 MAX PINS ** 0,10 8 14 16 20 24 28 A MAX 3,10 5,10 5,10 6,60 7,90 9,80 A MIN 2,90 4,90 4,90 6,40 7,70 9,60 DIM 4040064/F 01/97 NOTES: A. B. C. D. All linear dimensions are in millimeters. This drawing is subject to change without notice. Body dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusion not to exceed 0,15. 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