STMICROELECTRONICS L6730

L6730
L6730B
Adjustable step-down controller with synchronous rectification
Features
■
Input voltage range from 1.8V to 14V
■
Supply voltage range from 4.5V to 14V
■
Adjustable output voltage down to 0.6V with
±0.8% accuracy over line voltage and
temperature (0°C~125°C)
■
Fixed frequency voltage mode control
■
tON lower than 100ns
■
0% to 100% duty cycle
■
Selectable 0.6V or 1.2V internal voltage
reference
■
External input voltage reference
■
Soft-start and inhibit
■
High current embedded drivers
■
Predictive anti-crossconduction control
■
Selectable uvlo threshold (5V or 12V BUS)
■
Programmable high-side and low-side RDS(on)
sense over-current-protection
■
Switching frequency programmable from
100kHz to 1MHz
■
Master/slave synchronization with 180° phase
shift
HTSSOP20
■
Power good output with programmable delay
■
Over voltage protection with selectable
latched/not-latched mode
■
Thermal shut-down
■
Package: HTSSOP20
Applications
■
Pre-bias start up capability (L6730)
■
Selectable source/sink or source only
capability after soft-start (L6730)
■
Selectable constant current or hiccup mode
overcurrent protection after soft-start (L6730B)
■
High performance / high density DC-DC
modules
■
Low voltage distributed DC-DC
■
niPOL converters
■
DDR memory supply
■
DDR memory bus termination supply
Order Codes
June 2006
Part number
Package
Packing
L6730
HTSSOP20
Tube
L6730TR
HTSSOP20
Tape & Reel
L6730B
HTSSOP20
Tube
L6730BTR
HTSSOP20
Tape & Reel
Rev 2
1/52
www.st.com
52
L6730 - L6730B
Contents
Contents
1
Summary description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.1
2
Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Electrical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.1
Maximum rating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2
Thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3
Pin connections and functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4
Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5
Device description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.1
Oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.2
Internal LDO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5.3
Bypassing the LDO to avoid the voltage drop with low Vcc . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5.4
Internal and external references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5.5
Error amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5.6
Soft-start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.7
Driver section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.8
Monitoring and protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.9
Adjustable masking time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5.10
Multifunction pin (S/O/U L6730) (CC/O/U L6730B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.11
Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
5.12
Thermal Shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
5.13
Minimum ON-time TON(MIN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5.14
Bootstrap anti-discharging system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
5.14.1 Fan power supply failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
5.14.2 No-Sink at zero current operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2/52
L6730 - L6730B
6
7
Contents
Application details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
6.1
Inductor design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
6.2
Output capacitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
6.3
Input capacitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
6.4
Compensation network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
6.5
Two quadrant or one quadrant operation mode (L6730) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
L6730 Demo board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
7.1
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
7.2
PCB layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
8
I/O Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
9
Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
10
POL Demoboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
10.1
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
11
Package mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
12
Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3/52
Summary description
1
L6730 - L6730B
Summary description
The controller is an integrated circuit ... designed using BiCMOS-DMOS, v5 (BCD5) technology
that provides complete control logic and protection for high performance, step-down DC/DC
and niPOL converters.
It is designed to drive N-Channel MOSFETs in a synchronous rectified buck converter topology.
The output voltage of the converter can be precisely regulated down to 600mV, with a
maximum tolerance of ±0.8%, or to 1.2V, when one of the internal references is used. It is also
possible to use an external reference from 0V to 2.5V.
The input voltage can range from 1.8V to 14V, while the supply voltage can range from 4.5V to
14V. High peak current gate drivers provide for fast switching to the external power section and
the output current can be in excess of 20A, depending on the number of the external MOSFETs
used. The PWM duty cycle can range from 0% to 100% with a minimum on-time (TON(MIN))
lower than 100ns, making conversions with a very low duty cycle and very high switching
frequency possible.
The device provides voltage-mode control. It includes a 400kHz free-running oscillator that is
adjustable from 100kHz to 1MHz. The error amplifier features a 10MHz gain-bandwidth-product
and 5V/µs slew-rate that permits to realize high converter bandwidth for fast transient response.
The device monitors the current by using the RDS(ON) of both the high-side and low-side
MOSFET(s), eliminating the need for a current sensing resistor and guaranteeing an effective
over current-protection in all the application conditions. When necessary, two different current
limit protections can be externally set through two external resistors. A leading edge adjustable
blanking time is also available to avoid false over-current-protection (OCP) intervention in every
application condition.
It is possible to select the HICCUP mode or the constant current protection (L6730B) after the
soft-start phase.
During this phase constant current protection is provided. It is possible to select the sink-source
or the source-only mode capability (before the device powers on) by acting on a multifunction
pin (L6730). The L6730 disables the sink mode capability during the soft-start in order to allow
a proper start-up also in pre-biased output voltage conditions. The L6730B can always sink
current and, so it can be used to supply the DDR Memory BUS termination. Other features
include Master-Slave synchronization (with 180° phase shift), Power-Good with adjustable
delay, over voltage-protection, feed back disconnection, selectable UVLO threshold (5V and
12V Bus), and thermal shutdown. The HTSSOP20 package allows the realization for very
compact DC/DC converters.
4/52
L6730 - L6730B
1.1
Figure 1.
Summary description
Functional description
Block diagram
VCC=4.5V to14V
Vin=1.8V to14V
OCL PGOOD
OCH
VCCDR
BOOT
LDO
SS/INH
SYNCH
Monitor
Protection
and Ref
OSC
HGATE
Vo
OSC
PHASE
EAREF
L6730/B
LGATE
PGOOD
SINK/OVP/UVLO*
+ 0.6V
- 1.2V
+
PWM
PGND
E/A
TMASK
MASKING TIME
ADJUSTMENT
+
-
FB
GND
COMP
1. In the L6730B the multifunction pin is: CC/OVP/UVLO.
5/52
L6730 - L6730B
Electrical data
2
Electrical data
2.1
Maximum rating
Table 1.
Absolute maximum ratings
Symbol
Parameter
VCC
Value
Unit
-0.3 to 18
V
0 to 6
V
0 to VBOOT - VPHASE
V
BOOT
-0.3 to 24
V
PHASE
-1 to 18
VCC to GND and PGND, OCH, PGOOD
VBOOT - VPHASE Boot Voltage
VHGATE - VPHASE
VBOOT
VPHASE
PHASE Spike, transient < 50ns (FSW = 500KHz)
SS, FB, EAREF, SYNC, OSC, OCL, LGATE, COMP, S/O/
U, TMASK, PGOODELAY, VCCDR
OCH Pin
PGOOD Pin
OTHER PINS
2.2
Maximum Withstanding Voltage Range
Test Condition: CDF-AEC-Q100-002 "Human Body Model"
Acceptance Criteria: "Normal Performance"
V
+24
-0.3 to 6
V
±1500
±1000
V
±2000
Thermal data
Table 2.
Thermal data
Symbol
Value
Unit
50
°C/W
Storage temperature range
-40 to +150
°C
TJ
Junction operating temperature range
-40 to +125
°C
TA
Ambient operating temperature range
-40 to +85
°C
RthJA(1)
TSTG
Description
Max. Thermal Resistance Junction to ambient
1. Package mounted on demoboard
6/52
-3
L6730 - L6730B
3
Pin connections and functions
Pin connections and functions
Figure 2.
Pins connection (Top view)
PGOO D DELAY
1
20
PGOO D
SY NCH
2
19
V CC
SINK/OVP/UVLO
3
18
V CCD R
TM ASK
4
17
LG ATE
GN D
5
16
PGND
FB
6
15
BO OT
7
14
HG ATE
SS/IN H
8
13
PHASE
EAREF
9
12
OCH
OSC
10
11
OCL
CO MP
H TSSOP20
1. In the L6730B the multifunction pin is: CC/OVP/UVLO.
Table 3.
Pin n.
1
Pins connection
Name
Description
PGOOD DELAY
A capacitor connected between this pin and GND introduces a delay between
the internal PGOOD comparator trigger and the external signal rising edge. No
delay can be introduced on the falling edge of the PGOOD signal. The delay
can be calculated with the following formula:
PGDelay = 0.5 ⋅ C ( pF )
2
SYNCH
SINK/OVP/UVLO
L6730
3
CC/OVP/UVLO
L6730B
[ µs]
Two or more devices can be synchronized by connecting the SYNCH pins
together. The device operating with the highest FSW will be the Master device.
The Slave devices will operate at 180° phase shift from the Master. The best
way to synchronize devices is to set their FSW at the same value. If it is not
used, the SYNCH pin can be left floating.
With this pin it is possible:
– To enable-disable the sink mode current capability after SS (L6730);
– To enable-disable the constant current OCP after SS (L6730B);
– To enable-disable the latch mode for the OVP;
– To set the UVLO threshold for the 5V BUS and 12V BUS.
The device captures the analog value present at this pin at the start-up when
VCC meets the UVLO threshold.
7/52
L6730 - L6730B
Pin connections and functions
Table 3.
Pins connection
The user can select two different values for the leading edge blanking time on
the peak overcurrent protection by connecting this pin to VCCDR or GND. The
device captures the analog value present at this pin at the start-up when VCC
meets the UVLO threshold.
4
TMASK
5
GND
6
FB
This pin is connected to the error amplifier inverting input. Connect it to Vout
through the compensation network. This pin is also used to sense the output
voltage in order to manage the over voltage conditions and the PGood signal.
7
COMP
This pin is connected to the error amplifier output and used to compensate the
voltage control loop.
SS/INH
The soft-start time is programmed connecting an external capacitor from this
pin and GND. The internal current generator forces a current of 10µA through
the capacitor. This pin is also used to inhibit the device: when the voltage at
this pin is lower than 0.5V the device is disabled.
8
All of the internal references are referenced to this pin.
It is possible to set two internal references 0.6V / 1.2V or provide an external
reference from 0V to 2.5V:
– VEAREF from 0% to 80% of VCCDR −> External Reference
9
EAREF
– VEAREF from 80% to 95% of VCCDR −> VREF=1.2V
– VEAREF from 95% to 100% of VCCDR −> VREF=0.6V
An internal clamp limits the maximum VEAREF at 2.5V (typ.). The device
captures the analog value present at this pin at the start-up when VCC meets
the UVLO threshold.
Connecting an external resistor from this pin to GND, the external frequency
can be increased according with the following equation:
Fsw = 400 KHz +
10
OSC
9.88 ⋅10 6
ROSC ( KΩ)
Connecting a resistor from this pin to VCCDR (5V), the switching frequency can
be lowered according with the following equation:
Fsw = 400 KHz −
3.01 ⋅107
ROSC ( KΩ)
If the pin is left open, the switching frequency is 400 KHz. Normally this pin is at
a voltage of 1.2V. In OVP the pin is pulled up to 4.5V (only in latched mode).
Don’t connect a capacitor from this pin to GND.
8/52
L6730 - L6730B
Table 3.
Pin connections and functions
Pins connection
A resistor connected from this pin to ground sets the valley- current-limit. The
valley current is sensed through the low-side MOSFET(s). The internal current
generator sources a current of 100µA (IOCL) from this pin to ground through the
external resistor (ROCL). The over-current threshold is given by the following
equation:
11
OCL
I
VALLEY
=
IOCL ⋅ R OCL
2 ⋅ RDSonLS
Connecting a capacitor from this pin to GND helps in reducing the noise
injected from VCC to the device, but can be a low impedance path for the highfrequency noise related to the GND. Connect a capacitor only to a “clean”
GND.
12
OCH
A resistor connected from this pin and the high-side MOSFET(s) drain sets the
peak-current-limit. The peak current is sensed through the high-side
MOSFET(s). The internal 100µA current generator (IOCH) sinks a current from
the drain through the external resistor (ROCH). The over-current threshold is
given by the following equation:
IPEAK =
IOCH ⋅ R OCH
RDSonHS
13
PHASE
This pin is connected to the source of the high-side MOSFET(s) and provides
the return path for the high-side driver. This pin monitors the drop across both
the upper and lower MOSFET(s) for the current limit together with OCH and
OCL.
14
HGATE
This pin is connected to the high-side MOSFET(s) gate.
15
BOOT
The high-side driver is supplied through this pin. Connect a capacitor from this
pin to the PHASE pin, and a diode from VCCDR to this pin (cathode versus
BOOT).
16
PGND
This pin has to be connected closely to the low-side MOSFET(s) source in
order to reduce the noise injection into the device.
17
LGATE
This pin is connected to the low-side MOSFET(s) gate.
18
VCCDR
5V internally regulated voltage. It is used to supply the internal drivers and as a
voltage reference. Filter it to GND with at least a 1µF ceramic cap.
19
VCC
20
PGOOD
Supply voltage pin. The operative supply voltage range is from 4.5V to 14V.
This pin is an open collector output and it is pulled low if the output voltage is
not within the specified thresholds (90%-110%). If not used it may be left
floating. Pull up this pin to VCCDR with a 10K resistor to obtain a logical signal.
9/52
L6730 - L6730B
4
Electrical characteristics
Electrical characteristics
VCC = 12V, TA = 25°C unless otherwise specified
Table 4.
Electrical characteristics
Symbol
Parameter
Test Condition
Min.
Typ.
Max.
7
9
8.5
10
Unit
VCC SUPPLY CURRENT
ICC
VCC Stand By current
OSC = open; SS to GND
VCC quiescent current
OSC= open;
HG = open, LG = open, PH=open
Turn-ON VCC threshold
VOCH = 1.7V
4.0
4.2
4.4
Turn-OFF VCC threshold
VOCH = 1.7V
3.6
3.8
4.0
Turn-ON VCC threshold
VOCH = 1.7V
8.3
8.6
8.9
Turn-OFF VCC threshold
VOCH = 1.7V
7.4
7.7
8.0
Turn-ON VOCH threshold
1.1
1.25
1.47
Turn-OFF VOCH threshold
0.9
1.05
1.27
4.5
5
5.5
SS = 2V
7
10
13
SS = 0 to 0.5V
20
30
45
OSC = OPEN
380
400
420
KHz
15
%
mA
Power-ON
5V BUS
12V BUS
VIN OK
V
VCCDR Regulation
VCCDR voltage
VCC =5.5V to 14V
IDR = 1mA to 100mA
V
Soft Start and Inhibit
ISS
Soft Start Current
µA
Oscillator
fOSC
Initial Accuracy
fOSC,RT
Total Accuracy
∆VOSC
Ramp Amplitude
RT = 390KΩ to VCCDR
RT = 18KΩ to GND
-15
2.1
V
Output Voltage (1.2V MODE)
VFB
Output Voltage
1.190
1.2
1.208
V
0.597
0.6
0.603
V
Output Voltage (0.6 MODE)
VFB
Output Voltage
10/52
L6730 - L6730B
Table 4.
Electrical characteristics
Electrical characteristics
Symbol
Parameter
Test Condition
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
70
100
150
kΩ
0.290
0.5
µA
Error Amplifier
REAREF
IFB
EAREF Input Resistance
Vs. GND
I.I. bias current
VFΒ = 0V
Ext Ref
Clamp
VOFFSET
2.3
V
Error amplifier offset
Vref = 0.6V
GV
Open Loop Voltage Gain
Guaranteed by design
100
dB
GBWP
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Guaranteed by design
10
MHz
Slew-Rate
COMP = 10pF
Guaranteed by design
5
V/µs
High Side Source Resistance
VBOOT - VPHASE = 5V
1.7
Ω
RHGATE_OFF High Side Sink Resistance
VBOOT - VPHASE = 5V
1.12
Ω
RLGATE_ON
VCCDR = 5V
1.15
Ω
VCCDR = 5V
0.6
Ω
SR
-5
+5
mV
Gate Drivers
RHGATE_ON
Low Side Source Resistance
RLGATE_OFF Low Side Sink Resistance
Protections
IOCH
OCH Current Source
IOCL
OCL Current Source
VOCH = 1.7V
90
100
110
µΑ
90
100
110
µΑ
VFB Rising
OVP
Over Voltage Trip
(VFB / VEAREF)
VEAREF = 0.6V
VFB Falling
VEAREF = 0.6V
IOSC
120
%
117
%
30
mA
OSC Sourcing Current
VFB > OVP Trip VOSC = 3V
Upper Threshold
(VFB / VEAREF)
VFB Rising
108
110
112
%
Lower Threshold
(VFB / VEAREF)
VFB Falling
88
90
92
%
PGOOD Voltage Low
IPGOOD = -5mA
Power Good
VPGOOD
0.5
V
11/52
L6730 - L6730B
Electrical characteristics
Table 5.
Symbol
Thermal Characterizations (VCC = 12V)
Parameter
Test Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
OSC = OPEN;
TJ=0°C~ 125°C
376
400
424
KHz
TJ = 0°C~ 125°C
1.188
1.2
1.212
V
TJ = -40°C~ 125°C
1.185
1.2
1.212
V
TJ = 0°C~ 125°C
0.596
0.6
0.605
V
TJ = -40°C~ 125°C
0.593
0.6
0.605
V
Oscillator
fOSC
Initial Accuracy
Output Voltage (1.2V MODE)
VFB
Output Voltage
Output Voltage (0.6V MODE)
VFB
12/52
Output Voltage
L6730 - L6730B
Device description
5
Device description
5.1
Oscillator
The switching frequency is internally fixed to 400kHz. The internal oscillator generates the
triangular waveform for the PWM charging and discharging an internal capacitor (FSW =
400kHz). This current can be varied using an external resistor (RT) connected between OSC
pin and GND or VCCDR in order to change the switching frequency. Since the OSC pin is
maintained at fixed voltage (typ. 1.2V), the frequency is increased (or decreased) proportionally
to the current sunk (sourced) from (into) the pin. In particular by connecting RT versus GND the
frequency is increased (current is sunk from the pin), according to the following relationship:
Fsw = 400 KHz +
9.88 ⋅106
ROSC ( KΩ)
(1)
Connecting RT to VCCDR reduces the frequency (current is sourced into the pin), according to
the following relationship:
Fsw = 400 KHz −
3.01⋅107
(2)
ROSC ( KΩ)
Switching frequency variation vs. RT is shown in Figure 3..
Switching frequency variation versus RT.
Switching Frequency Variation
1500
1400
1300
Rosc connected to GND
1200
1100
1000
Fsw (KHz)
Figure 3.
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
Rosc connected to Vccdr
200
100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900 1000
Rosc (KOHM)
13/52
L6730 - L6730B
Device description
5.2
Internal LDO
An internal LDO supplies the internal circuitry of the device. The input of this stage is the VCC
pin and the output (5V) is the VCCDR pin (see Figure 4.).
Figure 4.
LDO block diagram.
4.5V÷14V
5.3
LDO
Bypassing the LDO to avoid the voltage drop with low Vcc
The LDO can be by passed by providing 5V voltage directly to VCCDR. In this case Vcc and
VCCDR pins must be shorted together as shown in Figure 5. VCCDR pin must be filtered with at
least 1µF capacitor to sustain the internal LDO during the recharge of the bootstrap capacitor.
VCCDR also represents a voltage reference for Tmask pin, S/O/U pin (L6730) or CC/O/U pin
(L6730B) and PGOOD pin (see Table 3: Pins connection).
If Vcc ≈ 5V the internal LDO works in dropout with an output resistance of about 1Ω.
The maximum LDO output current is about 100mA, and so the output voltage drop can be
100mV. The LDO can be bypassed to avoid this.
Figure 5.
14/52
Bypassing the LDO
L6730 - L6730B
5.4
Device description
Internal and external references
It is possible to set two internal references, 0.6V and 1.2V, or provide an external reference
from 0V to 2.5V. The maximum value of the external reference depends on the VCC : with VCC =
4V the clamp operates at about 2V (typ.), while with VCC greater than 5V the maximum external
reference is 2.5V (typ).
●
VEAREF from 0% to 80% of VCCDR −> External reference
●
VEAREF from 80% to 95% of VCCDR −> VREF = 1.2V
●
VEAREF from 95% to 100% of VCCDR −> VREF = 0.6V
Providing an external reference from 0V to 450mV the output voltage will be regulated but
some restrictions must be considered:
●
The minimum OVP threshold is set at 300mV.
●
The under-voltage-protection doesn’t work.
●
The PGOOD signal remains low.
To set the resistor divider it must be considered that a 100K pull-down resistor is integrated into
the device (see Figure 6.). Finally it must be taken into account that the voltage at the EAREF
pin is captured by the device at the start-up when Vcc is about 4V.
5.5
Figure 6.
Error amplifier
Error Amplifier Reference
VCCDR
0.6V
EAREF
1.2V
EXT
100K
2.5V
Error Amplifier Ref.
15/52
L6730 - L6730B
Device description
5.6
Soft-start
When both VCC and VIN are above their turn-on thresholds (VIN is monitored by the OCH pin)
the start-up phase takes place. Otherwise the SS pin is internally shorted to GND. At start-up, a
ramp is generated charging the external capacitor CSS with an internal current generator. The
initial value for this current is 35µA and charges the capacitor up to 0.5V. After that it becomes
10µA until the final charge value of approximately 4V (see Figure 5.).
Figure 7.
Device start-up: Voltage at the SS pin.
Vcc
Vcc
Vin
Vin
4.2Vor 8.6V
4.2V
1.25V
1.25V
t
Vss
Vss
4V
4V
0.5V
0.5V
0.5V
t
16/52
L6730 - L6730B
Device description
The output of the error amplifier is clamped with this voltage (Vss) until it reaches the
programmed value. No switching activity is observable if VSS is lower than 0.5V and both
MOSFETs are off. When Vss is between 0.5V and 1.1V the low-side MOSFET is turned on
because the output of the error amplifier is lower than the valley of the triangular wave and so
the duty-cycle is 0%. As VSS reaches 1.1V (i.e. the oscillator triangular wave inferior limit) even
the high-side MOSFET begins to switch and the output voltage starts to increase. The L6730 L6730B can only source current during the soft-start phase in order to manage the prebias
start-up applications. This means that when the startup occurs with output voltage greater than
0V (pre-bias startup), even when Vss is between 0.5V and 1.1V the low-side MOSFET is kept
OFF (see Figure 8. and Figure 9.).
Figure 8.
Start-up without prebias
LGate
VOUT
IL
VSS
Figure 9.
Start-up with prebias
LGate
VOUT
IL
VSS
17/52
Device description
L6730 - L6730B
The L6730B can always sink current and so it can be used to supply the DDR Memory
termination BUS. If overcurrent is detected during the soft-start phase, the device provides
constant current-protection. In case there is short soft-start time and/or small inductor value
and/or high output capacitors value and thus, in case of high ripple current during the soft-start,
the converter can start-up in anyway and limit the current (Chapter 5.8: Monitoring and
protection on page 21) but not enter into HICCUP mode. The soft-start phase ends when VSS
reaches 3.5V. After that the over current-protection triggers the HICCUP mode (L6730). With
the L6730B there is the possibility to set the HICCUP mode or the constant current mode after
the soft-start acting on the multifunction pin CC/O/U. With the L6730 the low-side MOSFET(s)
management after soft-start phase depends on the S/O/U pin state (see related section). If the
sink mode is enabled the converter can sink current after soft-start (see Figure 10.) while, if the
sink mode is disabled the converter never sinks current (see Figure 11.).
Figure 10. Sink mode enabled: Inductor current during and after soft-start (L6730).
VOUT
VSS
VCC
IL
18/52
L6730 - L6730B
Device description
During normal operation, if any under voltage is detected on one of the two supplies (VCC, VIN),
the SS pin is internally shorted to GND by an internal switch so the SS capacitor is rapidly
discharged. Two different turn-on UVLO thresholds can be set: 4.2V for 5V BUS and 8.6V for
12V BUS.
Figure 11. Sink mode disabled: Inductor current during and after soft-start (L6730).
Vout
Vss
Vcc
IL
19/52
Device description
5.7
L6730 - L6730B
Driver section
The high-side and low-side drivers allow for the use of different types of power MOSFETs (also
multiple MOSFETs to reduce the RDSON), maintaining fast switching transitions. The low-side
driver is supplied by VCCDR while the high-side driver is supplied by the BOOT pin. A predictive
dead time control avoids MOSFETs cross-conduction maintaining very short dead time duration
(see Figure 12.).
The control monitors the phase node in order to sense the low-side body diode recirculation. If
the phase node voltage is less than a certain threshold (–350mV typ.) during the dead time, it
will be reduced in the next PWM cycle. The predictive dead time control does not work when
the high-side body diode is conducting because the phase node does not go negative. This
situation happens when the converter is sinking current for example and, in this case, an
adaptive dead time control operates.
Figure 12. Dead times
20/52
L6730 - L6730B
5.8
Device description
Monitoring and protection
The output voltage is monitored by the FB pin. If it is not within ±10% (typ.) of the programmed
value, the Power-Good (PGOOD) output is forced low. The PGOOD signal can be delayed by
adding an external capacitor on PGDelay pin (see Table 3: Pins connection and Figure 13.);
this can be useful to perform cascade sequencing. The delay can be calculated with the
following formula:
PGDelay = 0.5 ⋅ C ( pF )
The device provides over voltage protection: when the voltage sensed on FB pin reaches a
value 20% (typ) greater than the reference, the low-side driver is turned on. If the OVP notlatched mode has been set the low-side MOSFET is kept on as long as the overvoltage is
detected (see Figure 14.).The OVP latched-mode has been set the low-side MOSFET is turned
on until VCC is toggled (see Figure 15.). In case of latched-mode OVP the OSC pin is forced
high (4.5V typ) if an over voltage is detected.
Figure 13. PGOOD signal
FB
PGOOD
2ms/Div.
21/52
Device description
L6730 - L6730B
Figure 14. OVP not latched
LGate
FB
OSC
Figure 15. OVP latched
LGate
OSC
FB
22/52
L6730 - L6730B
Device description
There is an electrical network between the output terminal and the FB pin and therefore the
voltage at this pin is not a perfect replica of the output voltage. If the converter can sink current,
in the most of cases the low-side will be turned on before the output voltage exceeds the overvoltage threshold because the error amplifier will throw off balance in advance.
Even if the device does not report an overvoltage event, the behavior is the same because the
low-side is turned on immediately. Instead, if the sink mode is disabled, the low-side will be
turned on only when the overvoltage protection (OVP) operates and not before because the
current can not be reversed. In this case, a delay between the output voltage rising and FB
voltage rising can appear and the OVP can turn on late. Figure 16.and Figure 17.show an
overvoltage event in the cases of the sink being enabled or disabled. The output voltage rises
with a slope of 100mVµs, emulating the breaking of the high-side MOSFET as an overvoltage
occurs.
Figure 16. OVP with sink enabled: the low-side MOSFET is turned-on in advance.
VOUT
109%
VFB
LGate
Figure 17. OVP with sink disabled: delay on the OVP operation.
126%
VOUT
VFB
LGate
23/52
L6730 - L6730B
Device description
The L6730B can always sink current and so the OVP will operate always in advance. The
device realizes the over-current-protection (OCP) sensing the current both on the high-side
MOSFET(s) and the low-side MOSFET(s) and so 2 current limit thresholds can be set (see
OCH pin and OCL pin in Table 3: Pins connection):
●
Peak Current Limit
●
Valley Current Limit
The Peak Current Protection is active when the high-side MOSFET(s) is turned on, after an
adjustable masking time (see Chapter 5.10 on page 27). The valley-current-protection is
enabled when the low-side MOSFET(s) is turned on after a fix masking time of about 400ns. If,
when the soft-start phase is completed, an over current event occurs during the on time (peakcurrent-protection) or during the off time (valley-current-protection) the device enters in
HICCUP mode (L6730): the high-side and low-side MOSFET(s) are turned off, the soft-start
capacitor is discharged with a constant current of 10µA and when the voltage at the SS pin
reaches 0.5V the soft-start phase restarts. During the soft-start phase the OCP provides a
constant-current-protection. If during the TON the OCH comparator triggers an over current the
high-side MOSFET(s) is immediately turned-off (after the masking time and the internal delay)
and returned-on at the next pwm cycle. The limit of this protection is that the Ton can’t be less
than masking time plus propagation delay (see Chapter 5.9: Adjustable masking time on
page 26) because during the masking time the peak-current-protection is disabled. In case of
very hard short circuit, even with this short TON, the current could escalate. The valley-currentprotection is very helpful in this case to limit the current. If during the off-time the OCL
comparator triggers an over current, the high-side MOSFET(s) is not turned-on until the current
is over the valley-current-limit. This implies that, if it is necessary, some pulses of the high-side
MOSFET(s) will be skipped, guaranteeing a maximum current due to the following formula:
I MAX = IVALLEY +
Vin − Vout
⋅ TON , MIN (4)
L
In constant current protection a current control loop limits the value of the error amplifier’s
output (comp), in order to avoid its saturation and thus recover faster when the output returns in
regulation. Figure 18. shows the behaviour of the device during an over current condition that
persists also in the soft-start phase.
Figure 18. Constant current and Hiccup Mode during an OCP (L6730).
VSS
VCOMP
IL
24/52
L6730 - L6730B
Device description
Using the L6730B there is the possibility to set the constant-current-protection also after the
soft-start. The following figures show the behaviour of the L6730B during an overcurrent event.
Figure 19. shows the intervention of the peak OCP: the high-side MOSFET(s) is turned-off
when the current exceeds the OCP threshold. In this way the duty-cycle is reduced, the VOUT is
reduced and so the maximum current can be fixed even if the output current is escalating.
Figure 20. shows the limit of this protection: the on-time can be reduced only to the masking
time and, if the output current continues to increase, the maximum current can increase too.
Notice how the Vout remains constant even if the output current increases because the on-time
cannot be reduced anymore.
Figure 19. Peak overcurrent-protection in constant-current-protection (L6730B).
VOUT
Peak th
IL
IOUT
TON
Figure 20. Peak OCP in case of heavy overcurrent (L6730B).
VOUT
IL
IOUT
25/52
L6730 - L6730B
Device description
If the current is higher than the valley OCP threshold during the off-time, the high-side
MOSFET(s) will not be turned ON. In this way the maximum current can be limited (Figure 21.).
During the constant-current-protection if the Vout becomes lower than 80% of the programmed
value an UV (under-voltage) is detected and the device enters in HICCUP mode. The undervoltage-lock-out (UVLO) is adjustable by the multifunction pin (see Chapter 5.10 on page 27).
It’s possible to set two different thresholds:
●
4.2V for 5V Bus
●
8.6V for 12V Bus
Working with a 12V BUS, setting the UVLO at 8.6V can be very helpful to limit the input current
in case of BUS fall.
Figure 21. Valley OCP (L6730B).
VOUT
Valley th
IL
TOFF
5.9
TOFF
Adjustable masking time
By connecting the masking time pin to VCCDR or GND it is possible to select two different values
for the peak current protection leading edge blanking time. This is useful to avoid any false OCP
trigger due to spikes and oscillations generated at the turn-on of the high-side MOSFET(s). The
amount of this noise depends very much on the layout, MOSFETs, free-wheeling diode,
switched current, and input voltage.
When good layout and medium current are used, the minimum masking time can be chosen,
while in case of higher noise, it is better to select the maximum masking time. By connecting
the tMASK pin to VCCDR the masking time is about 400ns, while connecting it to GND results in
about 260ns masking time.
26/52
L6730 - L6730B
5.10
Device description
Multifunction pin (S/O/U L6730) (CC/O/U L6730B)
With this pin it is possible:
●
to enable disable the sink mode current capability (L6730) or the constant current
protection (L6730B) at the end of the soft-start.
●
to enable or disable the latch-mode for the OVP.
●
to set the UVLO threshold for 5V BUS and 12V Busses.
Table 6 shows how to set the different options through an external resistor divider:
Figure 22. External Resistor
VCCDR
R1
L6730/B
S/O/U
CC/O/U
R2
Table 6.
S/O/U and CC/O/U pin
R1
R2
VSOU/VCCDR
UVLO
OVP
SINK CC
N.C
0Ω
0
5V BUS
Not Latched
Not
11KΩ
2.7KΩ
0.2
5V BUS
Not Latched
Yes
6.2KΩ
2.7KΩ
0.3
5V BUS
Latched
Not
4.3KΩ
2.7KΩ
0.4
5V BUS
Latched
Yes
2.7KΩ
2.7KΩ
0.5
12V BUS
Not Latched
Not
1.8KΩ
2.7KΩ
0.6
12V BUS
Not Latched
Yes
1.2KΩ
2.7KΩ
0.7
12V BUS
Latched
Not
0Ω
N.C
1
12V BUS
Latched
Yes
27/52
L6730 - L6730B
Device description
5.11
Synchronization
The presence of many converters on the same board can generate beating frequency noise. To
avoid this it is important to make them operate at the same switching frequency. Moreover, a
phase shift between different modules helps to minimize the RMS current on the common input
capacitors. Figure 23. shows the results of two modules in synchronization. Two or more
devices can be synchronized simply connecting together the SYNCH pins. The device with the
higher switching frequency will be the Master while the other one will be the Slave. The Slave
controller will increase its switching frequency reducing the ramp amplitude proportionally and
then the modulator gain will be increased.
To avoid a huge variation of the modulator gain, the best way to synchronize two or more
devices is to make them work at the same switching frequency and, in any case, the switching
frequencies can differ for a maximum of 50% of the lowest one. If, during synchronization
between two (or more) L6730, it’s important to know in advance which the master is, it’s timely
to set its switching frequency at least 15% higher than the slave. Using an external clock signal
(fEXT) to synchronize one or more devices that are working at a different switching frequency
(fSW) it is recommended to follow the below formula:
f SW ≤ f EXT ≤ 1,3 ⋅ f SW
The phase shift between master and slaves is approximately done 180°.
Figure 23. Synchronization.
PWM SIGNALS
5.12
INDUCTOR CURRENTS
Thermal Shutdown
When the junction temperature reaches 150°C ±10°C, the device enters in thermal shutdown.
Both MOSFETs are turned OFF and the soft-start capacitor is rapidly discharged with an
internal switch. The device does not restart until the junction temperature goes down to 120°C
and, in any case, until the voltage at the soft-start pin reaches 500mV.
28/52
L6730 - L6730B
5.13
Device description
Minimum ON-time TON(MIN)
The device can manage minimum ON times lower than 100ns. This feature comes from the
control topology as well as from the particular L6730/B overcurrent protection system. In a
voltage mode controller, the current does not have to be sensed to perform regulation and, in
the case of L6730/B, it does not have to be sensed for the overcurrent protection either
because valley current protection can operate during the OFF time. The first advantage related
of this feature is the achievement of extremely low conversion ratios. Figure 24. shows a
conversion from 14V to 0.5V at 820kHz with a tON of about 50ns. The ON time is limited by the
MOSFET turn-on and turn-off times.
Figure 24. 14V -> 0.5V@820KHz, 5A
50ns
29/52
Device description
5.14
L6730 - L6730B
Bootstrap anti-discharging system
This built-in anti-discharging system keeps the voltage going across the bootstrap capacitor
from going below 3.3V. An internal comparator senses the voltage across the external
bootstrap capacitor and helps to keep it charged, eventually turning on the low-side MOSFET
for approximately 200ns. If the bootstrap capacitor is not charged up enough, the high-side
MOSFET cannot be effectively turned on and it will present a higher RDS(on) . In some cases,
the OCP can be also triggered. There are up to two conditions during which the bootstrap
capacitor can be discharged:
●
fan power supply failure, and
●
no sink at zero current operation.
5.14.1 Fan power supply failure
In many applications the fan is driven by a DC motor that uses a DC/DC converter. Often only
the speed of the motor is controlled by varying the voltage applied to the input terminal and
there is no control on the torque because the current is not directly controlled. The current has
to be limited in case of overload or short-circuit, but without stopping the motor.
With the L6730B, the current can be limited without shutting down the system because
constant current protection is provided. In order to vary the motor speed, the output voltage of
the converter must be varied. Both L6730 and L6730B have a dedicated EAREF pin (see Table
3.) which provides an external reference to the non-inverting input of the error-amplifier.
In these applications the duty cycle depends on the motor’s speed and sometimes a 100% duty
cycle setting has to be used to attain the maximum speed. In these conditions, the bootstrap
capacitor can not be recharged and the system cannot work properly. Some PWM controllers
limit the maximum duty cycle to 80 or 90% in order to keep the bootstrap capacitor charged, but
this makes performance during the load transient worse. The “bootstrap anti-discharging
system” allows the L6730x to work at 100% without any problem.
Figure 25.: 100% Duty Cycle Operation on page 31 shows The following picture illustrates the
device behavior when the input voltage is 5V and a 100% duty cycle is set by an external
reference.
30/52
L6730 - L6730B
Device description
Figure 25. 100% Duty Cycle Operation
TOFF≈ 200ns
Vout=5V
Vin=5V
LGate
≈
Fsw?6.3KHz
31/52
L6730 - L6730B
Device description
5.14.2 No-Sink at zero current operation
The L6730 can work in no-sink mode. If output current is zero the converter skip some pulses
and works with a lower switching frequency. Between two pulses can pass a relatively long time
(say 200-300µs) during which there’s no switching activity and the current into the inductor is
zero. In this condition the phase node is at the output voltage and in some cases this is not
enough to keep the bootstrap cap charged. For example, if Vout is 3.3V the voltage across the
bootstrap cap is only 1.7V. The high-side MOSFET cannot be effectively turned-on and the
regulation can be lost. Thanks to the “bootstrap anti-discharging system” the bootstrap cap is
always kept charged. The following picture shows the behaviour of the device in the following
conditions: 12V◊3.3V@0A.
It can be observed that between two pulses trains the low-side is turned-on in order to keep the
bootstrap cap charged.
Figure 26. 12V -> 3.3V@0A in no-sink
IL
VBOOT
Minimum Bootstrap Voltage
32/52
Pulse train
VPHASE
L6730 - L6730B
Application details
6
Application details
6.1
Inductor design
The inductance value is defined by a compromise between the transient response time, the
efficiency, the cost and the size. The inductor has to be calculated to maintain the ripple current
(∆IL) between 20% and 30% of the maximum output current. The inductance value can be
calculated with the following relationship:
L≅
Vin − Vout Vout
⋅
(6)
Fsw ⋅ ∆I L Vin
Where FSW is the switching frequency, VIN is the input voltage and VOUT is the output voltage.
Figure 27. shows the ripple current vs. the output voltage for different values of the inductor,
with VIN = 5V and VIN = 12V at a switching frequency of 400kHz.
Increasing the value of the inductance reduces the current ripple but, at the same time,
increases the converter response time to a load transient. If the compensation network is well
designed, during a load transient the device is able to set the duty cycle to 100% or to 0%.
When one of these conditions is reached, the response time is limited by the time required to
change the inductor current. During this time the output current is supplied by the output
capacitors. Minimizing the response time can minimize the output capacitor size.
INDUCT O R CURRE NT RIP P L
Figure 27. Inductor current ripple.
8
V in = 1 2 V , L = 1 u H
7
6
5
4
V in = 1 2 V , L = 2 u H
3
2
V in = 5 V , L = 5 0 0 n H
1
V in = 5 V , L = 1 .5 u H
0
0
1
2
3
4
O UT P UT V O L T AG E (V )
33/52
L6730 - L6730B
Application details
6.2
Output capacitors
The output capacitors are basic components for the fast transient response of the power
supply. They depend on the output voltage ripple requirements, as well as any output voltage
deviation requirement during a load transient. During a load transient, the output capacitors
supply the current to the load or absorb the current stored into the inductor until the converter
reacts. In fact, even if the controller recognizes immediately the load transient and sets the duty
cycle at 100% or 0%, the current slope is limited by the inductor value. The output voltage has
a first drop due to the current variation inside the capacitor (neglecting the effect of the ESL):
∆Vout ESR = ∆Iout ⋅ ESR (7)
Moreover, there is an additional drop due to the effective capacitor discharge or charge that is
given by the following formulas:
∆VoutCOUT =
∆Iout 2 ⋅ L
(8)
2 ⋅ Cout ⋅ (Vin, min⋅ D max − Vout )
∆VoutCOUT =
∆Iout 2 ⋅ L
2 ⋅ Cout ⋅ Vout
(9)
Formula (8) is valid in case of positive load transient while the formula (9) is valid in case of
negative load transient. DMAX is the maximum duty cycle value that in the L6730/B is 100%. For
a given inductor value, minimum input voltage, output voltage and maximum load transient, a
maximum ESR, and a minimum COUT value can be set. The ESR and COUT values also affect
the static output voltage ripple. In the worst case the output voltage ripple can be calculated
with the following formula:
∆Vout = ∆I L ⋅ ( ESR +
1
)
8 ⋅ Cout ⋅ Fsw
(10)
Usually the voltage drop due to the ESR is the biggest one while the drop due to the capacitor
discharge is almost negligible.
6.3
Input capacitors
The input capacitors have to sustain the RMS current flowing through them, that is:
Irms = Iout ⋅ D ⋅ (1 − D)
(11)
Where D is the duty cycle. The equation reaches its maximum value, IOUT/2 with D = 0.5. The
losses in worst case are:
P = ESR ⋅ (0.5 ⋅ Iout ) 2
34/52
(12)
L6730 - L6730B
6.4
Application details
Compensation network
The loop is based on a voltage mode control (Figure 28.). The output voltage is regulated to the
internal/external reference voltage and scaled by the external resistor divider. The error
amplifier output VCOMP is then compared with the oscillator triangular wave to provide a pulsewidth modulated (PWM) with an amplitude of VIN at the PHASE node. This waveform is filtered
by the output filter. The modulator transfer function is the small signal transfer function of VOUT/
VCOMP. This function has a double pole at frequency FLC depending on the L-Cout resonance
and a zero at FESR depending on the output capacitor’s ESR. The DC Gain of the modulator is
simply the input voltage VIN divided by the peak-to-peak oscillator voltage: VOSC.
Figure 28. Compensation Network
ZFB
ZIN
The compensation network consists in the internal error amplifier, the impedance networks ZIN
(R3, R4 and C20) and ZFB (R5, C18 and C19). The compensation network has to provide a
closed loop transfer function with the highest 0dB crossing frequency to have fastest transient
response (but always lower than fsw/10) and the highest gain in DC conditions to minimize the
load regulation error. A stable control loop has a gain crossing the 0dB axis with -20dB/decade
slope and a phase margin greater than 45°. To locate poles and zeroes of the compensation
networks, the following suggestions may be used:
●
Modulator singularity frequencies:
ω LC =
●
1
L ⋅ Cout
(13)
ω ESR =
1
ESR ⋅ Cout
(14)
Compensation network singularity frequencies:
ω P1 =
1
(15)
⎛ C18 ⋅ C19 ⎞
⎟⎟
R5 ⋅ ⎜⎜
⎝ C18 + C19 ⎠
ωZ 1 =
1
R5 ⋅ C19
(17)
ωP 2 =
ωZ 2 =
1
R4 ⋅ C20
(16)
1
C20 ⋅ (R3 + R4 )
(18)
35/52
L6730 - L6730B
Application details
●
Compensation network design:
–
Put the gain R5/R3 in order to obtain the desired converter bandwidth
ϖC =
R5 Vin
⋅
⋅ϖ LC
R3 ∆Vosc
(18)
–
Place ωZ1 before the output filter resonance ωLC;
–
Place ωZ2 at the output filter resonance ωLC;
–
Place ωP1 at the output capacitor ESR zero ωESR;
–
Place ωP2 at one half of the switching frequency;
–
Check the loop gain considering the error amplifier open loop gain.
Figure 29. Asymptotic Bode plot of Converter's open loop gain
6.5
Two quadrant or one quadrant operation mode (L6730)
After the soft-start phase the L6730 can work in source only (one quadrant operation mode) or
in sink/source (two quadrant operation mode), depending on the setting of the multifunction pin
(see Chapter 5.10 on page 27). The choice of one or two quadrant operation mode is related to
the application. One quadrant operation mode permits to have a higher efficiency at light load,
because the converter works in discontinuous mode (see Figure 30.). Nevertheless in some
cases, in order to maintain a constant switching frequency, it’s preferable to work in two
quadrants, even at light load. In this way the reduction of the switching frequency due to the
pulse skipping is avoided. To parallel two or more modules is requested the one quadrant
operation in order not to have current sinking between different converters. Finally the two
quadrant operation allows faster recovers after negative load transient. For example, let’s
consider that the load current falls down from IOUT to 0A with a slew rate sufficiently greater
than L/VOUT (where L is the inductor value). Even considering that the converter reacts
instantaneously setting to 0% the duty-cycle, the energy ½*L*IOUT2 stored in the inductor will be
transferred to the output capacitors, increasing the output voltage. If the converter can sink
current this overvoltage can be faster eliminated.
36/52
L6730 - L6730B
Application details
Figure 30. Efficiency in discontinuous-current-mode and continuous-current-mode.
EFFIC IENC Y: D C M vs. CC M
0.7
E FF. (%
0.6
0.5
E FFICIENCY DCM
0.4
E FFICIENCY CCM
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
OUTP UT CURRENT (A)
37/52
L6730 - L6730B
L6730 Demo board
7
L6730 Demo board
7.1
Description
L6730 demo board realizes in a four layer PCB a step-down DC/DC converter and shows the
operation of the device in a general purpose application. The input voltage can range from 4.5V
to 14V and the output voltage is at 3.3V. The module can deliver an output current in excess of
30A. The switching frequency is set at 400 KHz (controller free-running FSW) but it can be
increased up to 1MHz. A 7 positions dip-switch allows to select the UVLO threshold (5V or 12V
Bus), the OVP intervention mode and the sink-mode current capability.
Figure 31. Demo board picture.
Top Side
38/52
Bottom Side
L6730 - L6730B
7.2
L6730 Demo board
PCB layout
Figure 32. Top layer
Figure 33. Power ground layer
Figure 34. Signal ground layer
Figure 35. Bottom layer
39/52
L6730 - L6730B
L6730 Demo board
Figure 36. Demo board schematic
Table 7.
40/52
Demoboard part list
Reference
Value
Manufacturer
Package
Supplier
R1
820Ω
Neohm
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
R2
0Ω
Neohm
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
R3
N.C.
R4
10Ω 1% 100mW
Neohm
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
R5
11K 1% 100mW
Neohm
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
R6
6K2 1% 100mW
Neohm
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
R7
4K3 1% 100mW
Neohm
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
R8
2K7 1% 100mW
Neohm
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
R9
1K8 1% 100mW
Neohm
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
R10
1K2 1% 100mW
Neohm
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
R11
2K7 1% 100mW
Neohm
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
R12
1K
Neohm
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
L6730 - L6730B
Table 7.
L6730 Demo board
Demoboard part list
R13
2K7 1% 100mW
Neohm
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
R14
1K 1% 100mW
Neohm
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
R15
1K 1% 100mW
Neohm
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
R16
4K7 1% 100mW
Neohm
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
R17
N.C.
R18
2.2Ω
Neohm
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
R19
2.2Ω
Neohm
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
R20
10K 1% 100mW
Neohm
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
R21
N.C.
R22
N.C.
R23
0Ω
Neohm
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
C1
220nF
Kemet
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
C3-C7-C9-C15-C21
100nF
Kemet
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
C2
1nF.
Kemet
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
C4-C6
100uF 20V
OSCON 20SA100M
RADIAL 10X10.5
SANYO
C8
4.7uF 20V
AVX
SMA6032
IFARCAD
C10
10nF
Kemet
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
C11
N.C.
C12
47nF
Kemet
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
C13
1.5nF
Kemet
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
C14
4.7nF
Kemet
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
C18-C19
330uF 6.3V
POSCAP 6TPB330M
SMD
SANYO
C20
N.C.
L1
1.8uH
Panasonic
SMD
ST
D1
1N4148
ST
SOT23
IFARCAD
D2
STS1L30M
ST
DO216AA
ST
Q1-Q2
STS12NH3LL
ST
SO8
ST
Q4-Q5
STSJ100NH3LL
ST
SO8
ST
U1
L6730
ST
HTSSOP20
ST
SWITCH
DIP SWITCH 7 POS.
ST
41/52
L6730 - L6730B
L6730 Demo board
Table 8.
Other inductor manufacturer
Manufacturer
Series
Inductor Value (µH)
Saturation Current (A)
WURTH ELEKTRONIC
744318180
1.8
20
SUMIDA
CDEP134-2R7MC-H
2.7
15
EPCOS
HPI_13 T640
1.4
22
TDK
SPM12550T-1R0M220
1
22
TOKO
FDA1254
2.2
14
HCF1305-1R0
1.15
22
HC5-1R0
1.3
27
Series
Capacitor value(µF)
Rated voltage (V)
C4532X5R1E156M
15
25
C3225X5R0J107M
100
6.3
NIPPON CHEMI-CON
25PS100MJ12
100
25
PANASONIC
ECJ4YB0J107M
100
6.3
COILTRONICS
Table 9.
Other capacitor manufacturer
Manufacturer
TDK
42/52
L6730 - L6730B
8
I/O Description
I/O Description
Figure 37. Demoboard
Table 10.
I/O Functions
Symbol
Function
Input (Vin-Gin)
The input voltage can range from 1.8V to 14V. If the input voltage is between 4.5V and 14V
it can supply also the device (through the VCC pin) and in this case the pin 1 and 2 of the
jumper G1 must be connected together.
The output voltage is fixed at 3.3V but it can be changed by replacing the resistor R14 of the
output resistor divider:
Output (VOUT-GOUT)
Vo = VREF ⋅ (1 +
R16
)
R14
The over-current-protection limit is set at 15A but it can be changed by replacing the
resistors R1 and R12 (see OCL and OCH pin in Table 3: Pins connection).
VCC-GNDCC
Using the input voltage to supply the controller no power is required at this input.
However the controller can be supplied separately from the power stage through
the VCC input (4.5-14V) and, in this case, jumper G1 must be left open.
VCCDR
An internal LDO provides the power into the device. The input of this stage is the VCC pin
and the output (5V) is the VCCDR pin. The LDO can be bypassed, providing directly a 5V
voltage from VCCDR and Gndcc. In this case the pins 1 and 3 of the jumper G1 must be
shorted.
TP1
This pin can be used as an input or as a test point. If all the jumper G2 pins are shorted, TP1
can be used as a test point of the voltage at the EAREF pin. If the pins 2 and 3 of G2 are
connected together, TP1 can be used as an input to provide an external reference for the
internal error amplifier (see section 4.3. Internal and external references).
TP2
This test point is connected to the Tmask pin (see Table 3: Pins connection).
TP3
This test point is connected to the S/O/U pin (see Chapter 5.10 on page 27).
43/52
L6730 - L6730B
I/O Description
Table 10.
I/O Functions
SYNCH
This pin is connected to the synch pin of the controller (see Chapter 5.11 on page 28).
PWRGD
This pin is connected to the PGOOD pin of the controller.
DIP SWITCH
Table 11.
44/52
Different positions of the dip switch correspond to different settings of the multifunction pin
(S/O/U) (CC/O/U).
Dip switch
UVLO
OVP
SINK CC
Vsou/VCCDR
DIP SWITCH
STATE
5V
Not Latched
Not
0
S7
A
5V
Not Latched
Yes
0.2
S1-S7
B
5V
Latched
Not
0.3
S2-S7
C
5V
Latched
Yes
0.4
S3-S7
D
12V
Not Latched
Not
0.5
S4-S7
E
12V
Not Latched
Yes
0.6
S5-S7
F
12V
Latched
Not
0.7
S6-S7
G
12V
Latched
Yes
1
S1
H
L6730 - L6730B
9
Efficiency
Efficiency
The following figures show the demo board efficiency versus load current for different values of
input voltage and switching frequency:
Figure 38. Demoboard efficiency 400KHz
Fsw=400KHz
VO = 3.3V
EFFICIENCY
95.00%
90.00%
VIN = 5V
85.00%
VIN = 12V
80.00%
75.00%
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
Iout (A)
Figure 39. Demoboard efficiency 645KHz
Fsw=645KHz
VO = 3.3V
EFFICIENCY
95.00%
90.00%
VIN = 5V
85.00%
80.00%
VIN = 12V
75.00%
70.00%
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
Iout (A)
45/52
L6730 - L6730B
Efficiency
Figure 40. Demoboard efficiency 1MHz
Fsw=1MHz
VO = 3.3V
95.00%
VIN = 5V
EFFICIENCY
90.00%
85.00%
80.00%
VIN = 12V
75.00%
70.00%
65.00%
60.00%
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
Iout (A)
Figure 41. Efficiency with 2xSTS12NH3LL+2XSTSJ100NH3LL
EFFICIENCY (%)
12V-->3.3V
0.96
0.95
0.94
0.93
0.92
0.91
0.9
0.89
0.88
0.87
400KHz
700KHz
1MHz
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
46/52
17
19
L6730 - L6730B
POL Demoboard
10
POL Demoboard
10.1
Description
A compact demoboard has been designed to manage currents in the range of 10-15A. Figure
38. shows the schematic and Table 9. the part list. Multi-layer-ceramic-capacitors (MLCCs)
have been used on the input and the output in order to reduce the overall size.
Figure 42. Pol demoboard schematic.
Table 12.
Pol demoboard part list.
Reference
Value
Manufacturer
Package
Supplier
R1
1K8Ω
Neohm
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
R2
10KΩ
Neohm
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
R3
N.C.
R4
10Ω
Neohm
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
R5
11K 1% 100mW
Neohm
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
R6
2K7 1% 100mW
Neohm
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
R7
N.C.
Neohm
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
R8
0Ω
Neohm
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
R9
3K 1% 100mW
Neohm
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
R10
4K7 1% 100mW
Neohm
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
47/52
L6730 - L6730B
POL Demoboard
Table 12.
Pol demoboard part list.
R11
15Ω 1% 100mW
Neohm
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
R12
4K7 1% 100mW
Neohm
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
R13
1K 1% 100mW
Neohm
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
R14
2.2Ω
Neohm
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
R15
2.2Ω
Neohm
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
C1-C7
220nF
Kemet
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
C6- C19-C20-C9
100nF
Kemet
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
C2
1nF
Kemet
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
C11
N.C.
C12
68nF
Kemet
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
C13
220pF
Kemet
SMD0603
IFARCAD
C8
4.7uF 20V
AVX
SMA6032
IFARCAD
C14
6.8nF
Kemet
SMD 0603
IFARCAD
C3-C4-C5
15uF
TDK MLC
SMD1812
IFARCAD
SMD 1210
IFARCAD
C4532X5R1E156M
C15-C16-C17-C18
100uF
PANASONIC MLC P/N
ECJ4YBOJ107M
L1
1.8uH
Panasonic
SMD
ST
D1
STS1L30M
ST
DO216AA
ST
Q1
STS12NH3LL
ST
POWER SO8
ST
Q2
STSJ100NH3LL
ST
POWER SO8
ST
U1
L6730
ST
HTSSOP20
ST
Figure 43. Pol Demoboard efficiency
12V-->3.3V@400KHz
0.94
EFFICIENCY
0.92
0.9
0.88
0.86
0.84
0.82
1
3
5
7
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
48/52
9
11
L6730 - L6730B
11
Package mechanical data
Package mechanical data
In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in ECOPACK® packages.
These packages have a Lead-free second level interconnect . The category of second Level
Interconnect is marked on the package and on the inner box label, in compliance with JEDEC
Standard JESD97. The maximum ratings related to soldering conditions are also marked on
the inner box label. ECOPACK is an ST trademark. ECOPACK specifications are available at:
www.st.com.
49/52
L6730 - L6730B
Package mechanical data
Table 13.
HTSSOP20 mechanical data
mm
inch
DIM.
Min.
Typ.
Max.
0.800
0.190
0.090
1.000
1.200
0.150
1.050
0.300
0.200
6.400
6.500
6.200
(2)
4.300
E2(3)
1.500
A
A1
A2
b
c
D(1)
D1
(3)
E
E1
e
L
L1
k
aaa
Typ.
Max.
0.031
0.007
0.003
0.039
0.047
0.006
0.041
0.012
0.008
6.600
0.252
0.256
0.260
6.400
6.600
0.244
0.252
0.260
4.400
4.500
0.170
0.173
0.177
0.025
0.024
0.039
0.030
2.200
0.450
Min.
0.087
0.059
0.650
0.600
1.000
0.750
0.018
0° min., 8° max.
0.100
0.004
1. Dimension “D” does not include mold flash, protrusions or gate burrs. Mold flash, protrusions or gate burrs shall not exceed
0.15mm per side.
2. Dimension “E1” does not include interlead flash or protrusions. Intelead flash or protrusions shall not exceed 0.25mm per
side.
3. The size of exposed pad is variable depending of leadframe design pad size. End user should verify “D1” and “E2”
dimensions for each device application.
Figure 44. Package dimensions
50/52
L6730 - L6730B
12
Revision history
Revision history
Date
Revision
Changes
21-Dec-2005
1
Initial release.
29-May-2006
2
New template, thermal data updated
51/52
L6730 - L6730B
Please Read Carefully:
Information in this document is provided solely in connection with ST products. STMicroelectronics NV and its subsidiaries (“ST”) reserve the
right to make changes, corrections, modifications or improvements, to this document, and the products and services described herein at any
time, without notice.
All ST products are sold pursuant to ST’s terms and conditions of sale.
Purchasers are solely responsible for the choice, selection and use of the ST products and services described herein, and ST assumes no
liability whatsoever relating to the choice, selection or use of the ST products and services described herein.
No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted under this document. If any part of this
document refers to any third party products or services it shall not be deemed a license grant by ST for the use of such third party products
or services, or any intellectual property contained therein or considered as a warranty covering the use in any manner whatsoever of such
third party products or services or any intellectual property contained therein.
UNLESS OTHERWISE SET FORTH IN ST’S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE ST DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
WARRANTY WITH RESPECT TO THE USE AND/OR SALE OF ST PRODUCTS INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE (AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS UNDER THE LAWS
OF ANY JURISDICTION), OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT.
UNLESS EXPRESSLY APPROVED IN WRITING BY AN AUTHORIZE REPRESENTATIVE OF ST, ST PRODUCTS ARE NOT DESIGNED,
AUTHORIZED OR WARRANTED FOR USE IN MILITARY, AIR CRAFT, SPACE, LIFE SAVING, OR LIFE SUSTAINING APPLICATIONS,
NOR IN PRODUCTS OR SYSTEMS, WHERE FAILURE OR MALFUNCTION MAY RESULT IN PERSONAL INJURY, DEATH, OR
SEVERE PROPERTY OR ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE.
Resale of ST products with provisions different from the statements and/or technical features set forth in this document shall immediately void
any warranty granted by ST for the ST product or service described herein and shall not create or extend in any manner whatsoever, any
liability of ST.
ST and the ST logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of ST in various countries.
Information in this document supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied.
The ST logo is a registered trademark of STMicroelectronics. All other names are the property of their respective owners.
© 2006 STMicroelectronics - All rights reserved
STMicroelectronics group of companies
Australia - Belgium - Brazil - Canada - China - Czech Republic - Finland - France - Germany - Hong Kong - India - Israel - Italy - Japan Malaysia - Malta - Morocco - Singapore - Spain - Sweden - Switzerland - United Kingdom - United States of America
www.st.com
52/52