TI TPS2481PWR

TPS2480
TPS2481
www.ti.com
SLUS939A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010
Positive Voltage Intelligent Protection Device
Hotswap Controller and I2C Current Monitor
Check for Samples: TPS2480, TPS2481
FEATURES
DESCRIPTION
•
•
•
•
•
•
The TPS2480/81 are designed to minimize inrush into
applications and protect both the load and the FET
from over-current or short circuit events. They control
an external N-channel MOSFET switch and provide
accurate voltage, current, and power monitoring using
a configurable 12 bit A/D converter via an I2C
interface. The independently adjustable power limit
and current limit ensure that the external MOSFET
operates within the FET's Safe Operating Area
(SOA).
1
•
•
Programmable FET Power Limit
External N-Channel FET Gate Drive
Programmable Fault Timer
Open Drain Power Good Output
I2C monitoring of Current, Voltage and Power
High Accuracy Current Monitoring
(1% over temperature)
Dynamic Calibration
9-V to 20-V Input Range
The flexible design includes a Power Good output
which can be used for sequencing as well as load
fault indication. An external timer capacitor can set
the fault time to help immunize the system from
nuisance shutdowns during brief transient events.
APPLICATIONS
•
•
•
•
Servers
Hard Drives
Storage Networks
Base Stations
The monitoring circuitry incorporates a high accuracy
A/D converter which can be configured from a 9 to 13
bit converter. The internal gain of the A/D can be
configured to scale the current, voltage and power
readings to the needs of the application. An additional
multiplying register calculates power in Watts. The
I2C interface uses multi-level addressing to allow up
to 16 programmable addresses.
Functional Block Diagram
2 mW
9 V to 20 V
0.01 mF
3.3 V to 5 V
0.01 mF
10 kW
10 kW
10kW
4
17
VS
VINP
2
SCL
1
SDA
6
EN
7
VREF
15
14
18
13
12
VCC SENSE VINM GATE VOUT
PG 11
TPS2480/1
PROG
GND GND A0
A1 TIMER
190 kW
8
10
16
20
19
9
0.01mF
33 kW
1
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas
Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas
Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not
necessarily include testing of all parameters.
Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated
TPS2480
TPS2481
SLUS939A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010
www.ti.com
DESCRIPTION (CONT.)
The TPS2480 and TPS2481 monitors shunts on buses that can vary from 9 V to 26 V and with a few external
components it is possible to monitor buses as high as 80 V.
The monitoring circuitry uses a single 3-V to 5.5-V supply, drawing a maximum of 1 mA of supply current.
ORDERING INFORMATION
DEVICE
JUNCTION
TEMPERATURE
PACKAGE
ORDERING CODE
MARKING
TPS2480
-40°C to 125°C
PW20
TPS2480PW
TPS2480
TPS2481
-40°C to 125°C
PW20
TPS2481PW
TPS2481
DISSIPATION RATINGS (1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(2) (3)
PACKAGE
qJA HIGH K, °C/W
qJA (Air Flow) HIGH-k
TPS2480
88.3
74.5
TPS2481
88.3
74.5
(4)
, °C/W
Tested per JEDEC JESD51, natural convection. The definitions of high-k and low-k are per JESD 51-7and JESD 51-3.
Low-k (2 signal - no plane, 3 in. by 3 in. board, 0.062 in. thick, 1 oz. copper) test board with the pad soldered, and an additional 0.12
in.2 of top-side copper added to the pad.
High-k is a (2 signal – 2 plane) test board with the pad soldered.
The best case thermal resistance is obtained using the recommendations per SLMA002A (2 signal - 2 plane with the pad connected to
the plane).
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
MIN
NOM
MAX
UNIT
VCC
Input voltage range
9
80
PROG
Input voltage range
0.4
4
VREF
Sourcing current
0
1
VS
Input voltage range
3
5.5
VINP, VINM
Input voltage range
0
20
Tstg
Operating free air temperature
-40
85
TJ
Operating junction temperature
-40
125
2
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V
mA
V
°C
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SLUS939A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1)
(2) (3)
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
UNIT
Input voltage range, VCC, Sense, Enable, OUT
-0.3 to 100
Supply voltage, VS
GND - 0.3 to 6
Input voltage, common mode, VINP, VINM
GND- 0.3 to + 26
Input voltage, differential, VINP, VINM
-26 to + 26
Input voltage range, PROG
Output voltage range, GATE, PG
-0.3 to 100
Output voltage range, TIMER, VREF
-0.3 to 6
Sink current, PG
10
Source current, VREF
0 to 2
Sink current, PROG
GND- 0.3 to + 6.0
SCL
GND- 0.3 to VS + 0.3
Current into SDA, SCL, VS, VINP, VINM, A0, A1, GNDB
5
Open drain digital output current
10
ESD rating, HBM
2k
ESD rating, CDM
500
Operating junction temperature range, TJ
- 40 to + 125
Storage temperature range, Tstg
(2)
(3)
mA
2
SDA
(1)
V
-0.3 to 6
- 40 to 150
V
mA
V
°C
Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating
conditions” is not implied. Exposure to absolute–maximum–rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
All voltage values are with respect to GND unless otherwise stated.
Do not apply voltage to these pins.
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TPS2480
TPS2481
SLUS939A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010
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ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
Supply Current (VCC)
IVCC
IVS
VPOR
Enabled
VEN = Hi VSENSE = VOUT = VVCC
450
1000
Disabled
VEN = Lo VSENSE = VVCC = VOUT = 0
90
250
Quiescent current
operating
0.7
1.0
mA
Quiescent current
Power down mode
6
15
mA
Power On reset threshold
2
mA
V
Current Sense Input (SENSE)
ISENSE
Input bias current
VSENSE = VVCC VOUT = VVCC
7.5
20
mA
4
4.1
V
5
mA
375
600
Ω
25
33
Reference Voltage Output (VREF)
VREF
Reference voltage
0 < IVREF < 1 mA
3.9
Power Limiting Input (PROG)
IPROG
Input bias current; device
enabled; sourcing or sinking
0 < VPROG < 4 V VEN = 48 V
RPROG
Pulldown resistance; device
disabled
IPROG = 200 mA; VEN = 0 V
Power Limiting and Current Limiting (SENSE)
VCL
Current sense threshold
V(VCC-SENSE) with power
limiting trip
VPROG = 2.4 V; VOUT = 0 V or VPROG = 0.9 V; VOUT
= 30 V; VVCC = 48 V
VSENSE
Current sense threshold
V(VCC-sense) without power
limiting trip
VPROG = 4 V; VSENSE = VOUT
tF_TRIP
VPROG = 4 V; VOUT = VSENSE; V(VCC-SENSE): 0
Large overload response time
rising to 200 mV; C(GATE-OUT) = 2 nF; V(GATE-OUT) =
to GATE low
1V
17
mV
45
50
55
1.2
ms
Timer Operation (TIMER)
ISOURCE
ISINK
Charge current (sourcing)
Discharge current (sinking)
VTIMER = 0 V
15.0
25.0
34.0
VTIMER = 0 V; TJ = 25°C
20.0
25.0
30.0
VTIMER = 5 V
1.50
2.5
3.70
VTIMER = 5 V; TJ = 25°C
2.10
2.5
3.10
3.9
4.0
4.1
TIMER upper threshold
voltage
DRETRY
mA
V
TIMER lower reset threshold
voltage
TPS2481 only
0.96
1.0
1.04
Fault retry duty cycle
TPS2481 only
0.5%
0.75%
1.0%
Gate Drive Output (GATE)
IGATE
GATE sourcing current
GATE sinking current
VSENSE = VVCC; V(GATE-OUT) = 7 V; VEN = Hi
15
22
35
VEN = Lo; VGATE = VVCC
1.8
2.4
2.8
VEN = Hi; VGATE = VVCC; V(VCC-SENSE)³ 200 mV
75
125
250
VGATE-OUT
GATE output voltage
tD_ON
Propagation delay: EN going
true to GATE output high
VEN = 0 → 2.5 V, 50% of VEN to 50% of VGATE,
VOUT = VVCC, R(GATE-OUT) = 1 MOhm
25
40
tD_OFF
Propagation delay: EN going
false (0 V) to GATE output
low
VEN = 2.5 V → 0 V, 50% of VEN to 50% of VGATE,
VOUT = VVCC, R(GATE-OUT) = 1 MΩ, tFALL < 0.1 ms
0.5
1
Propagation delay: TIMER
expires to GATE output low
VTIMER: 0 → 5 V, tRISE < 0.1 ms. 50% of VTIMER to
50% of VGATE, VOUT = VCC , R(GATE-OUT) = 1 MΩ,
0.8
1
4
12
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16
mA
mA
V
ms
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Product Folder Link(s): TPS2480 TPS2481
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SLUS939A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
Power Good Output (PG)
IPG = 2 mA
0.1
0.25
IPG = 4 mA
0.25
0.5
0.8
1.25
1.7
2.2
2.7
3.2
VPG_L
Low voltage (sinking)
VPGTL
PG threshold voltage; VOUT
rising; PG goes open drain
VSENSE = VVCC; measure V(VCC-OUT)
VPGTH
PG threshold voltage; VOUT
falling; PG goes low
VSENSE = VVCC; measure V(VCC-OUT)
VHYST_PG
PG threshold hysteresis
voltage; V(SENSE-OUT)
VSENSE = VVCC
tDPG
PG deglitch delay; detection
to output; rising and falling
edges
VSENSE = VVCC
Leakage current; PG false;
open drain
V
1.4
5
9
15
ms
10
mA
Output Voltage Feedback Input (OUT)
IOUT
Bias current
VOUT = VVCC, VEN = Hi; sinking
VOUT = GND; VEN = Lo; sourcing
8
20
18
40
mA
Enable Input (EN)
VEN_H
Threshold VEN going high
1.32
1.35
1.38
VEN_L
Threshold VEN going low
1.20
1.25
1.30
VEN hysteresis
Leakage current
100
VEN = 30 V
V
mV
1
mA
Input Supply UVLO (VCC)
VVCC turn on
Rising
VVCC turn off
Falling
8.4
7.2
Hysteresis
8.8
8.3
V
75
mV
3
pF
Digital Inputs (SDA in input mode, SCL, A0, A1 )
CIN
Input capacitance
ILEAKAGE
Input leakage current
VIN
Logic Hi input level
HI
VINLO
Logic low input level
VHYS
Hysteresis
0 < VIN < VS
-0.3
0.1
1
0.7(VS)
6
0.3(VS)
mA
V
0.5
Open Drain Digital Output (SDA)
VLO
SDA Low Output
Sinking 5 mA
ILEAKAGE
High level leakage current
VOUT = VS
0.15
0.4
V
0.1
1.0
mA
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ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
Input
Full-scale current sense
(input) voltage range
Bus voltage (input voltage)
range
Common-mode rejection
CMRR
Input offset
VOS
PGA = x 1
0
±40
PGA = x 2
0
±80
PGA = x 4
0
±160
PGA = x 8
0
±320
BRNG = 1
0
32
BRNG = 0
0
16
VIN+ = 0 V to 26 V
100
±10
±100
PGA = x 2
±20
±125
PGA = x 4
±30
±150
PGA = x 8
±40
±200
GainCSA
VS = 3 V to 5.5 V
CSA gain error
V
dB
PGA = x 1
Temp stability
PSRR
120
mV
mV
0.1
mV/°C
10
mV/V
±0.04%
Temp stability
10
ppm
IVNP, IVINM
Input bias current
Active mode
20
ILEAKAGE
IVNP, IVINM
Power down mode, leakage input current
0.1
Shunt voltage
10
mV
4
mV
±0.5
mA
A/D Converter
Step Size
1 LSB
Current
Accuracy
Current measurement
Error
Temp drift
Over full range
Bus voltage measurement
Error
Temp drift ( -25°C to 85°C )
Over full range
Voltage
Accuracy
TCONV
Conversion time
TLOWCONV
6
Conversion time
Bus voltage
±0.2%
±0.5%
±1.0%
±0.2%
±0.5%
±1.0%
12 Bit
532
586
11 Bit
276
304
10 Bit
148
163
9 Bit
84
92
Minimum A/D conversion time
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ms
4
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TPS2481
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SLUS939A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010
DEVICE INFORMATION
Functional Block Diagram
VINM
VS
18
4
X
VINP 17
ADC
SDA
2
SCL
20 A0
Voltage Register
GND 16
19 A1
4V
Reference
VCC 15
Constant
Power
Engine
Enable
PROG
I2C
Interface
Current Register
PGA
1
Power Register
8
A
V(DS) Detector
Charge
Pump
50mV max
A
2B
VREF
22m A
+
Gate Control
Amplifier
B
S
7
13 GATE
14V
12 OUT
S
I(D) Detector
11 PG
Inrush complete
SENSE 14
+
+
8.4V/
8.3V
EN
6
9-ms
Deglitch
2.7V/
1.25V
2mA
25m A
UVLO
Enable
+
1.35V/
1.25V
Fault
Logic
Enable
+
4V/1V
GND 10
POR
2.5m A
For autoretry option
with duty cycle of 75%
9
TIMER
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TPS2480
TPS2481
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Register Block Diagram
Power
(1)
Bus Voltage
(1)
´
Shunt Voltage
Channel
Current
(1)
ADC
Bus Voltage
Channel
Full-Scale Calibration
(2)
´
Shunt Voltage
(1)
PGA
(In Configuration Register)
NOTES:
(1) Read-only
(2) Read/write
8
Data Registers
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SLUS939A – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JUNE 2010
20-Pin TSSOP
SDA
1
20
A0
SDL
2
19
A1
NC
3
18
VINM
VS
4
17
VINP
NC
5
16
GND
EN
6
15
VCC
VREF
7
14
SENSE
PROG
8
13
GATE
TIMER
9
12
OUT
GND
10
11
PG
TPS2480/81
Table 1. TERMINAL FUNCTIONS
FUNCTION
TPS2480/81
SDA
1
I2C Data Line
DESCRIPTION
SCL
2
I2C Clock
NC
3
Tie to GND or float
VS
4
Power input to the I2C block, 3.3 V to 5 V
NC
5
No connection, tie to GND or float
EN
6
Device enable
VREF
7
Reference voltage output, used to set power threshold on PROG pin
PROG
8
Power-limit setting input
TIMER
9
Fault timing capacitor
GND
10
GND
PG
11
Power good reporting output, open-drain
OUT
12
Output voltage feedback
GATE
13
Gate output
SENSE
14
Current-limit sense input
VCC
15
Main power supply input to device and FET
GND
16
GND
VINP
17
Positive differential shunt voltage. Connect to positive side of shunt resistor
VINM
18
Negative differential shunt voltage. Connect to negative side of shunt resistor. Bus voltage is
measured from this pin to GND
A1
19
Address pin. Table 2 shows pin settings and corresponding addresses.
A0
20
Address pin. Table 2 shows pin settings and corresponding addresses.
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Pin Description
A0, A1: Address pins for setting the TPS2480 I2C address. These bits can be tied to one of four pins ( GND,
SDA, SCL, VS ) which gives a total of 16 different address as shown in Table 2.
EN: The GATE driver is enabled if the positive threshold is exceeded and the internal POR and UVLO thresholds
have been satisfied. EN can be used as a logic control input, an analog input voltage monitor as illustrated by
R1/R2 in the Functional Block Diagram, or it can be tied to VCC to always enable the TPS2480/81. The
hysteresis associated with the internal comparator makes this a stable method of detecting a low input condition
and shutting the downstream circuits off. A TPS2480 that has latched off can be reset by cycling EN below its
negative threshold and back high.
GATE: Provides the high side (above VCC) gate drive for the external FET. It is controlled by the internal gate
drive amplifier, which provides a pull-up of 22 mA from an internal charge pump and a strong pull-down to ground
of 75 mA (min). The pull-down current is a non-linear function of the amplifier overdrive; it provides small drive for
small overloads, but large overdrive for fast reaction to an output short. There is a separate pull-down of 2 mA to
shut the external FET off when EN or UVLO causes this to happen. An internal clamp protects the gate of the
external FET (to OUT) and generally eliminates the need for an external clamp in almost all cases for devices
with 20-V VGS(max) ratings; an external Zener may be required to protect the gate of devices with VGS(max) < 16 V.
A small series resistance of 10 Ω should be inserted in the gate lead if the CISS of the external FET > 200 pF,
otherwise use 33 Ω for small MOSFETs. A capacitor can be connected from GATE to ground to create a slower
inrush with a constant current profile without affecting the amplifier stability. Add a series resistor of about 1 kΩ to
the gate capacitor to maintain the gate clamping and current limit response time.
GND: This pin is connected to system ground.
OUT: This input pin is used by the constant power engine and the PG comparator to measure VDS of the external
FET as V(SENSE-OUT). Internal protection circuits leak a small current from this pin when it is low. If the load circuit
can drive OUT below ground, connect a clamp (or freewheel) diode from OUT (cathode) to GND (anode).
PG: This open-drain output is intended to interface to downstream dc/dc converters or monitoring circuits. PG
goes open-drain (high voltage with a pull-up) after VDS of the external FET has fallen to about 1.25 V and a 9-ms
deglitch time period has elapsed. PG is false (low or low resistance to ground) whenever EN is false, VDS of the
external FET is above 2.7 V, or UVLO is active. PG can also be viewed as having an input and output voltage
monitor function. The 9-ms deglitch circuit operates to filter short events that could cause PG to go inactive (low)
such as a momentary overload or input voltage step. VPG voltage can be greater than VVCC because its ESD
protection is only with respect to ground.
PROG: The voltage applied to this pin (0.4 V to 4.0 V) programs the power limit used by the constant power
engine. Normally, a resistor divider R3/R4 is connected from VREF to PROG to set the power limit according to
the following equation:
VPROG =
PLIM
(10 ´ ILIM )
(1)
where PLIM is the desired power limit of the external FET and ILIM is the current limit setpoint (see SENSE). PLIM
is determined by the desired thermal stress on the external FET:
PLIM <
TJ(max) - TS(max)
RqJC(max)
(2)
where TJ(max) is the maximum desired transient junction temperature of the external FET and TS(max) is the
maximum case temperature prior to a start or restart.
VPROG is used in conjunction with VDS to compute the (scaled) current, ID_ALLOWED, by the constant power engine.
ID_ALLOWED is compared by the gate amplifier to the actual ID, and used to generate a gate drive. If ID <
ID_ALLOWED, the amplifier turns the gate of the external FET full on because there is no overload condition;
otherwise GATE is regulated to maintain the ID = ID_ALLOWED relationship. A capacitor may be tied from PROG to
10
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ground to alter the natural constant power inrush current shape. If properly designed, the effect is to cause the
leading step of current in Figure 12 to look like a ramp. PROG is internally pulled to ground whenever EN, POR,
or UVLO are not satisfied or the TPS2480 is latched off. This feature serves to discharge any capacitance
connected to the pin. Do not apply voltages greater than 4 V to PROG. If the constant power limit is not used,
PROG should be tied to VREF through a 47-kΩ resistor.
SCL: This pin is the clock input for the I2C interface.
SDA: This pin is the data input for the I2C interface.
SENSE: Monitors the voltage at the drain of the external FET, and the downstream side of RS providing the
constant power limit engine with feedback of both the external FET current (ID) and voltage (VDS). Voltage is
determined by the difference between SENSE and OUT, while the current analog is the difference between VCC
and SENSE. The constant power engine uses VDS to compute the allowed ID and is clamped to 50 mV, acting
like a traditional current limit at low VDS. The maximum current limit is set by the following equation:
ILIM =
50mV
RS
(3)
Design the connections to SENSE to minimize RS voltage sensing errors. Don't drive SENSE to a large voltage
difference from VCC because it is internally clamped to VCC. The current limit function can be disabled by
connecting SENSE to VCC.
TIMER: An integrating capacitor, CT, connected to the TIMER pin provides a timing function that controls the
fault-time for both versions and the restart interval for the TPS2481. The timer charges at 25 mA whenever the
TPS2480/81 is in power limit or current limit and discharges at 2.5 mA otherwise. The charge-to-discharge current
ratio is constant with temperature even though there is a positive temperature coefficient to both. If TIMER
reaches 4 V, the TPS2480 pulls GATE to ground, latches off, and discharges CT. The TPS2491 pulls GATE to
ground and attempt a restart (re-enable GATE) after a timing sequence consisting of discharging CT down to 1 V
followed by 15 more charge and discharge cycles. The TPS2480 can be reset by either cycling the EN pin or the
UVLO (e.g. power cycling). TIMER discharges when EN is low or UVLO or POR are active. The TIMER pin
should be tied to ground if this feature is not used. The general equation for fault retry time as a function of CT is:
TF = CT ´ 1347 ´ 106
(4)
VCC: This pin is associated with three functions:
1. biasing power to the integrated circuit,
2. input to power on reset (POR) and under voltage lockout (UVLO) functions, and
3. voltage sense at one terminal of RS for the external FET current measurement.
The voltage must exceed the POR (about 6 V for roughly 400 ms) and the internal UVLO (about 8 V) before
normal operation (driving the GATE) may begin. Connections to VCC should be designed to minimize RS voltage
sensing errors and to maximize the effect of C1 and D1; place C1 at RS rather than at the device pin to eliminate
transient sensing errors. GATE, PROG, PG, and TIMER are held low when either UVLO or POR are active.
VINM: This pin is Kelvin connected to the negative (load) side of the current sensing resistor. It will appear to
external circuitry as a 20-mA sink in parallel with a 320-kΩ resistor to GND.
VINP: This pin is Kelvin connected to the positive (source) side of the current sensing resistor. It will typically sink
~ 20 mA.
VS: Power source for the logic and I2C interface. Typically between 3 V and 5 V.
VREF: Provides a 4.0-V reference voltage for use in conjunction with the resistor divider of a typical application
circuit to set the voltage on the PROG pin. The reference voltage is available once the internal POR and UVLO
thresholds have been met. It is not designed as a supply voltage for other circuitry, therefore ensure that no more
than 1 mA is drawn. Although not typically required, up to 1000 pF can be placed on this pin.
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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
A/D FREQUENCY RESPONSE
2.0
ADC SHUNT OFFSET vs TEMPERATURE
100
VS+ = 5V
80
1.5
320mV Range
1.0
160mV Range
40
0.5
Offset (mV)
Input Currents (mA)
60
VS+ = 3V
0
VS+ = 3V
20
0
-20
80mV Range
-60
-1.0
-80
VS+ = 5V
-1.5
-100
10
5
0
15
20
25
30
0
-40 -25
VIN- Voltage (V)
80
45
60
40
40
35
160mV Range
0
-20
-40
75
100
125
ADC BUS VOLTAGE OFFSET vs TEMPERATURE
50
Offset (mV)
Gain Error (m%)
ADC SHUNT GAIN ERROR vs TEMPERATURE
320mV Range
50
Figure 2.
100
20
25
Temperature (°C)
Figure 1.
30
25
20
16V Range
32V Range
15
80mV Range 40mV Range
-60
10
-80
5
0
-100
-40 -25
0
25
50
75
100
125
-40 -25
0
25
Temperature (°C)
50
75
100
125
Temperature (°C)
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
ADC BUS GAIN ERROR vs TEMPERATURE
INTEGRAL NONLINEARITY vs INPUT VOLTAGE
100
20
80
15
60
10
40
16V
20
INL (mV)
Gain Error (m%)
40mV Range
-40
-0.5
0
-20
0
-5
32V
-40
5
-10
-60
-15
-80
-100
-40 -25
0
25
50
75
100
125
-20
-0.4
-0.3
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Input Voltage (V)
Temperature (°C)
Figure 5.
12
-0.2
Figure 6.
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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
INPUT CURRENTS WITH LARGE DIFFERENTIAL
VOLTAGES
(VIN+ at 12V, Sweep of VIN–)
ACTIVE IQ vs TEMPERATURE
0
1.2
-10
1.0
-20
VS = 5V
0.8
-40
IQ (mA)
Gain (dB)
-30
-50
0.6
VS = 3V
-60
0.4
-70
-80
0.2
-90
0
-100
10
100
1k
10k
100k
1M
0
-40 -25
25
Input Frequency (Hz)
50
100
Figure 7.
Figure 8.
SHUTDOWN IQ vs TEMPERATURE
ACTIVE IQ vs I2C CLOCK FREQUENCY
125
1.0
16
0.9
14
VS = 5V
0.8
12
0.7
IQ (mA)
10
IQ (mA)
75
Temperature (°C)
VS = 5V
8
6
VS = 3V
4
0.6
VS = 3V
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
2
0.1
0
0
-40 -25
0
25
50
75
100
125
100k
10k
1k
Temperature (°C)
1M
10M
SCL Frequency (Hz)
Figure 9.
Figure 10.
SHUTDOWN IQ vs I2C CLOCK FREQUENCY
300
250
VS = 5V
IQ (mA)
200
150
100
50
VS = 3V
0
1k
10k
100k
1M
10M
SCL Frequency (Hz)
Figure 11.
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APPLICATION INFORMATION
Basic Operation
The TPS2480/81 provides all the features needed for a positive hotswap controller.
These features include:
1. Under-voltage lockout;
2. Adjustable (system-level) enable;
3. Turn-on inrush limit;
4. High-side gate drive for an external N-channel MOSFET;
5. MOSFET protection (power limit and current limit);
6. Adjustable overload timeout (also called an electronic circuit breaker);
7. Charge-complete indicator for downstream converter sequencing; and
8. Optional automatic restart mode.
The TPS2480/81 features superior power-limiting, MOSFET protection that allows independent control of current
limit (to set maximum full-load current), power limit and overload time (to keep FET in its SOA), and overload
time (to control case temperature rise). The typical application circuit, and oscilloscope plots of Figure 12 and
Figure 16 demonstrate many of the functions described above.
Board Plug-In (Figure 12)
Only the bypass capacitor charge current and small bias currents are evident when a board is first plugged in.
The TPS2480/81 is held inactive, and GATE, PROG, TIMER, and PG are held low for less than 1 ms while
internal voltages stabilize, then GATE, PROG, TIMER, and PG are released and the part begins sourcing current
to the GATE pin and the external FET begins to turn on while the voltage across it, V(SENSE-OUT), and current
through it, V(VCC-SENSE), are monitored. Current initially rises to the value which satisfies the power limit engine
(PLIM÷VVCC) since the output capacitor was discharged.
14
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TIMER and PG Operation (Figure 12)
The TIMER pin charges CT as long as limiting action continues, and discharges at a 1/10 charge rate when
limiting stops. If the voltage on CT reaches 4 V before the output is charged, the external FET is turned off and
either a latch-off or restart cycle commences, depending on the part type. The open-drain PG output provides a
deglitched end-of-charge indication which is based on the voltage across the external FET. PG is useful for
preventing a downstream DC-to-DC converter from starting while CO is still charging. PG goes active (open
drain) about 9 ms after CO is charged. This delay allows the external FET to fully turn on and any transients in
the power circuits to end before the converter starts up. The resistor pull-up shown on pin PG in the typical
application diagram only demonstrates operation; the actual connection to the converter depends on the
application. Timing can appear to terminate early in some designs if operation transitions out of the power limit
mode into a gate charge limited mode at low VDS values.
Figure 12. Basic Board Insertion
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Action of the Constant Power Engine (Figure 13)
The calculated power dissipated in the external FET, VDS x ID, is computed under the same startup conditions as
Figure 12. The current of the external FET, labeled IIN, initially rises to the value that satisfies the constant power
engine; in this case it is 54 W / 48 V = 1.1 A. The 54-W value is programmed into the engine by setting the
PROG voltage using Equation 1. VDS of the external FET, which is calculated as V(SENSE-OUT) , falls as CO
charges, thus allowing the the external FET drain current to increase. This is the result of the internal constant
power engine adjusting the current limit reference to the GATE amplifier as CO charges and VDS falls. The
calculated device power in Figure 13, labeled MOSFET POWER, is seen to be flat-topped and constant within
the limitations of circuit tolerance and acquisition noise. A fixed current limit is implemented by clamping the
constant power engine output to 50 mV when VDS is low. This protection technique can be viewed as a
specialized form of foldback limiting; the benefit over linear foldback is that it yields the maximum output current
from a device over the full range of VDS and still protects the device.
Figure 13. Computation of the External FET Stress During Startup
16
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Response to a Hard Output Short (Figure 14 and Figure 15)
Figure 14 shows the short circuit response over the full time-out period. This begins when the output voltage falls
and ends when the external FET is turned off. The external FET current is actively controlled by the power
limiting engine and gate amplifier circuit while the TIMER pin charges CT to the 4-V threshold. Once this
threshold is reached, the TPS2480/81 disable and latch off the external FET. The TPS2480 remains latched off
until either the input voltage drops below the UVLO threshold or EN cycles through the false (low) state. The
TPS2481 will attempt a restart after going through a timing cycle.
Figure 14. Current Limit Overview
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The TPS2480/81 responds rapidly to the short circuit as seen in Figure 15. The falling OUT voltage is the result
of the external FET and CO currents through the short circuit impedance. The internal GATE clamp causes the
GATE voltage to follow the output voltage down and subsequently limits the negative VDS to 1.2 V. The rapidly
rising fault current overdrives the GATE amplifier causing it to overshoot and rapidly turn the external FET off by
sinking current to ground. The external FET slowly turns back on as the GATE amplifier recovers; the external
FET then settles to an equilibrium operating point determined by the power limiting circuit.
Figure 15. Current Limit Onset
Minimal input voltage overshoot appears in Figure 15 because a local 100-mF bypass capacitor and very short
input leads were used. The input voltage would overshoot as the input current abruptly drops in a typical
application due to the stored energy in the input distribution inductance. The exact waveforms seen in an
application depend upon many factors including parasitics of the voltage distribution, circuit layout, and the short
itself.
18
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Automatic Restart (Figure 16)
The TPS2481 automatically initiates a restart after a fault has caused it to turn off the external FET. Internal
control circuits use CT to count 16 cycles before re-enabling the external FET. This sequence repeats if the fault
persists. The TIMER has a 1:10 charge-to-discharge current ratio, and uses a 1-V lower threshold. The fault-retry
duty cycle specification quantifies this behavior. This small duty cycle often reduces the average short-circuit
power dissipation to levels associated with normal operation and reduces the need for additional protection
devices.
Figure 16. TPS2480/81 Restart Cycle Timing
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Low Voltage Application Design Example
The following example illustrates the design and component selection process for a 12-V, 40-A hotswap
application. Figure 17 shows the application circuit for this design example.
VCC
VOUT
RS
D1
RG
CO
A1
RPG
11
1kW
C1
0.1mF
CG
Optional :
Use with dV/dt control
10
GND
PG
OUT
TIMER
9
12
13
PROG
8
GATE
14
SENSE
VREF
7
15
EN
6
VCC
NC
5
GND
VS
4
16
17
VINM
NC
3
VINP
A1
SCL
2
18
A0
TPS2480/1
SDL
1
19
A0
20
I2C
Addresses
VCC
SDA
REN1
CEN
0.1mF
SCL
CT
RPROG1
REN2
RSDA
10kW
RSDA
10kW
RPROG2
CVS
0.1mF
3P3V_USB
Figure 17. TPS2480/81 Low Voltage Design Example Schematic
20
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1. Choose RS
The following equation includes a factor of 1.2 (20%) for VSENSE and RS tolerance along with some additional
margin.
RS =
•
VSENSE
50mV
=
= 1.042mΩ
1.2 ´ ILIMIT 1.2 ´ 40A
(5)
Choose RS = 1 mΩ
ILIMIT(MAX) =
VSENSE( MAX )
RS
=
55mV
= 55 A
1mΩ
(6)
2
LIMIT(MAX)
RS Power = I
2
´ RS = 55 A ´ 1mW = 3.025W
(7)
Multiple sense resistors in parallel should be considered.
2. Choose M1
Select the M1 VDS rating allowing for maximum input voltage and transients. Then select an operating RDSON,
package, and cooling to control the operating temperature. Most manufacturers list RDSON(MAX) at 25°C and
provide a derating curve from which values at other temperatures can be derived. The next equation can be used
to estimate desired RDSON(MAX) at the maximum operating junction temperature of TJ(MAX). (usually 125°C). TA(MAX)
is the maximum expected ambient temperature.
TJ(MAX) = 125C, TA(MAX) = 50C,Rq JA = 10
RDSON(MAX) =
TJ(MAX) - TA(MAX)
2
LIMIT(NOM)
Rq JA ´ I
=
C
,ILIMIT(NOM) = 50 A
W
(8)
125C - 50C
= 3mΩ
C
2
10 ´ (50A)
W
(9)
The junction-to-ambient thermal resistance RqJA, depends upon the package style chosen and the details of
heat-sinking and cooling including the PCB. Actual “in-system” temperature measurements will be required to
validate heat-sinking and cooling performance.
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3. Choose the Power Limit PLIM and the PROG Resistors, RPROG1 and RPROG2
M1 dissipates large amounts of power during power-up or output short circuit. Power limit, PLIM should be set to
prevent M1 die temperature from exceeding a short term maximum temperature, TJ(MAX2). Short term TJ(MAX2)
may be set as high as 150°C while still leaving ample margin for the typical manufacturer's rating of 175°C. PLIM
can be estimated as follows:
C
C
,Rq JC = 0.2 ,RDS( on ) = 1.18mW
W
W
2
0.7*(TJ(MAX2) - Rq CA ´ ILIMIT(NOM) ´ RDSON - TA(MAX) )
=
= 249W
Rq JC
TJ(MAX2) = 150C, TA(MAX) = 50C,Rq CA = 9.8
PLIM
(10)
(11)
Where RqCA is M1+PCB case-to-ambient thermal resistance, RqJC is M1 junction-to-case thermal resistance,
RDS(on) is M1 channel resistance at the maximum operating temperature, and the factor of 0.7 accounts for the
tolerance of the constant power engine. The maximum power limit for the constant power engine, PLIM(MAX) and
nominal power POUT(nom) settings for this circuit are calculated with the next equation:
VREF = 4V ,RS = 1mW, VOUT(NOM) = 12V ,ILIMIT(NOM) = 50 A
PLIM(MAX) =
(12)
1V ´ VREF
= 2kW
2 ´ RS
(13)
POUT(NOM) = VOUT(NOM) ´ ILIMIT(NOM) = 12V ´ 50 A = 600W
(14)
The PROG resistors should be chosen using the smallest of PLIM , PLIM(MAX), or PLIM(MAX) values. Choose RPROG2
= 20 kΩ . Choose RPROG1 as shown below.
VPROG =
2 ´ PLIM(ACT) ´ RS
1V
RPROG1 = RPROG2 ´ (
•
=
2 ´ 249W ´ 1mΩ
= 0.498V
1V
(15)
VREF
- 1) = 140.6kΩ
VPROG
(16)
Choose RPROG1 = 140 kΩ
The power and current limit curve for this configuration is shown in Figure 18.
Current Limit vs. Vout (Vvcc=12V)
O u tp u t C u r r e n t ( A m p s )
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
10
8
6
4
2
0
Output Voltage (V)
Figure 18. TPS2480/81 Power and Current Limit Curve
22
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4. Choose the Timer Capacitor, CT and Turn On Time
The turn on time tON, represents the time it takes the circuit to charge up the output capacitance CO and load. CT
programs the fault time and should be chosen so that the fault timer does not terminate prior to completion of
start up. The turn on time is a function of the type of control; current limit, power limit, or dV/dt control. The next
equation calculates tON for both the power limit and current limit cases and assumes that only CO draws current
during startup.
For PLIM(ACT) < VVCC(MAX) ´ ILIMIT(NOM) : tON =
CO ´ PLIM(ACT)
For PLIM(ACT) ³ VVCC(MAX) ´ ILIMIT(NOM) : tON =
tON =
CO ´ PLIM(ACT)
2
LIMIT(NOM)
+
2
VCC(MAX)
CO ´ V
2´I
2 ´ PLIM(ACT)
2
2 ´ ILIMIT(NOM)
+
2
CO ´ VVCC(MAX)
2 ´ PLIM(ACT)
(17)
CO ´ VVCC(MAX)
ILIMIT(NOM)
(18)
2
=
1000 m F ´ 249W 1000 m F ´ 13.5V
+
= 416 m s
2 ´ 502 A
2 ´ 249W
(19)
The next equation allows CT to be selected assuming that only CO draws current during startup. TPS2480/81
timer current source and capacitor tolerances are accounted for.
CT =
CT =
•
ISOURCE(MAX)
VTMR-TH(MAX)
´ tON ´ ( 1 + CO-TOL + CT-TOL )
(20)
34 m A
´ 416 m s ´ ( 1 + 0.2 + 0.1) = 4.48nF
4.1V
(21)
Choose CT = 0.01 µF
5. Choose the Turn On Voltage, VON and the EN Resistors, REN1 and REN2
When the EN pin is used as an analog control, the desired turn on voltage, VON can be used to select the EN
resistors. Select REN1 and REN2 taking into account device leakage currents. Choose REN2 =10 kΩ.
REN 1 = REN 2 ´ (
•
VON
VEN_H(MAX)
- 1) = 55.22k W
(22)
Choose REN2 = 54.9 kΩ
The actual turn on and turn off voltages, VON(ACT) and VOFF(ACT) can be calculated as follows:
VON = VEN_H(MAX) ´
REN 1 + REN 2
R + REN 2
,VOFF = VEN_L(MIN) ´ EN 1
REN 2
REN 2
(23)
VON = 1.38V ´
54.9k W + 10k W
= 8.96V
10k W
VOFF = 1.22V ´
(24)
54.9k W + 10k W
= 7.92V
10k W
(25)
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Alternative Inrush Designs
Gate Capacitor (dV/dt) Control
The TPS2480/81 can be configured to provide a linear dV/dt turn on characteristic. The load capacitor charging
current ICHARGE, is controlled by a single capacitor from the GATE terminal to ground. M1 operates as a source
follower (following the gate voltage) in this implementation. Choose a charge time, tON, based on the load
capacitor, CO input voltage VI, and desired charge current. When power limiting is used (VPROG < VREF) choose
ICHARGE to be less than PLIM /VVCC to prevent the fault timer from starting. The fault timer starts only if power or
current limit is invoked.
tON =
CO ´ VVCC
ICHARGE
(26)
Use the following equation to select the gate capacitance, CG. CISS is the gate capacitance of M1, and IGATE is
the TPS2480/81 nominal gate charge current. As shown in Figure 17, a series resistor of about 1 kΩ should be
used in series with CG.
CG =
IGATE ´ tON
- CISS
VVCC
(27)
If neither power nor current limit faults are invoked during turn on, CT can be chosen for fast transient turn off
response using the M1 SOA curve. Choose the single pulse time conservatively from the M1 SOA curve using
maximum operating voltage and maximum trip current.
PROG Inrush Control
A capacitor can be connected from the PROG pin to ground to reduce the initial current step seen in Figure 12.
This method maintains a relatively fast turn-on time without the drawbacks of a gate-to-ground capacitor that
include increased short circuit response time and less predictable gate clamping.
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High Voltage Application Example
The TPS2480/81 can be used to monitor current from a voltage source greater than 26 V by using the OPAMP
circuit shown in Figure 19.
M1
VIN
9V to 57V
VCC
VOUT
RS
RIN
RMA
C2
0.1mF
D1
CO
RG
D2
5.1V
+
RMB
RPG
RB
1kW
CVIN
CG
A1
I2C
Addresses
Optional :
Use with dV/dt control
11
C1
0.1mF
PG
12
GND
10
TIMER
9
OUT
13
PROG
8
GATE
14
VREF
7
SENSE
15
EN
6
VCC
16
NC
5
GND
17
VS
4
VINP
18
NC
3
VINM
19
A1
SCL
2
A0
SDL
1
TPS2480/1
20
A0
VCC
SDA
REN1
SCL
CT
RPROG1
CEN
0.1mF
REN2
RSDA
10kW
3P3V_USB
RSDA
10kW
RPROG2
CVS
0.1mF
Figure 19. TPS2480/81 High Voltage application
The basic operating principle of U2, Q1, RMA, and RMB is to mirror the voltage seen across RS from a VCC
referenced voltage to a GND referenced voltage. As load current flows through RS, the voltage input to U2-3
decreases and the output of U2/Q1 as seen at Q1-S follows this sense voltage. Ideally, the voltage drop across
RMA mirrors the voltage drop across RS. Current flow through RMB will mirror current flow through RMA , and if
RMA = RMB then the sense voltage across RS is mirrored at VINP.
Since only a small voltage will be across RMA and RMB, their nominal value should be fairly low to offset input
bias current effects (IVINP). TPS2480/1 input bias current sums with the current that flows through RMA increasing
the voltage drop across RMB. To block the bias current from RMB, an additional buffer may be inserted between
Q1-D and VINP. Using a network type resistor for RMA and RMB designed with temperature coefficient tracking
will provide good voltage mirroring.
U2 should be a high quality, low drift operational amplifier. The OPA333AID provides low input voltage offset and
very low drift over time and temperature. U2 is referenced to VCC through D2 and RB and can operate from rail
to rail.
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Additional Design Considerations
Use of PG
Use the PG pin to control and sequence a downstream DC/DC converter. If this is not done a long time delay
may be needed to allow CO to fully charge before the converter starts.
Output Clamp Diode
Inductive loads on the output may drive the OUT pin below GND when the circuit is unplugged or during current
limit. The OUT pin ratings can be maintained with a small diode such as an S1B, between the TPS2480/81 OUT
to GND pins.
Gate Clamp Diode
The TPS2480/81 has a relatively well-regulated gate voltage of 12 V to 16 V, even at low supply voltages. A
small clamp Zener from gate to source of M1, such as a BZX84C7V5, is recommended if VGS of M1 is rated
below this.
High Gate Capacitance Applications
Gate voltage overstress and large fault current spikes can be caused by large gate capacitance. An external gate
clamp Zener diode is recommended if the total gate capacitance of M1 exceeds 4000 pF. When gate capacitor
dV/dT control is used, a 1-kΩ resistor in series with CG is recommended, as shown in Figure 17. If the series R-C
combination is used for MOSFETs with CISS less than 3000 pF, then a Zener is not required.
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Output Short Circuit Measurements
Repeatable short-circuit testing results are difficult to obtain. The many details of source bypassing, input leads,
circuit layout and component selection, output shorting method, relative location of the short, and instrumentation
all contribute to varying results. The actual short itself exhibits a certain degree of randomness as it
microscopically bounces and arcs. Care in configuration and methods must be used to obtain realistic results. Do
not expect to see waveforms exactly like those in the data sheet since every setup differs.
Applications using the retry feature (TPS2481)
Applications using the retry feature may want to estimate fault retry time. The TPS2481 will retry (enable M1 to
attempt turn on) once for every 16 timer charge/discharge cycles (15 cycles between 1 V and 4 V, 1 cycle
between 0 V and 4 V).
é
ù
1
1
TRETRY = CT ´ éë VTMRHI(NOM) + 15 ´ (VTMRHI(NOM) - VTMRLO(NOM) )ùû ´ ê
+
ú
êë ISOURCE(NOM) ISINK(NOM) úû
TRETRY = CT ´ 21.56 ´ 10
(28)
6
(29)
NOTE
Equation 29 simplified - assumes no error.
Layout Considerations
Good layout practice places the power devices D1, RS, M1, and CO so power flows in a sequential, linear
fashion. A ground plane under the power and the TPS2480/81 is desirable. The TPS2480/81 should be placed
close to the sense resistor and MOSFET using a Kelvin type connection to achieve accurate current sensing
across RS. A low-impedance GND connection is required because the TPS2480/81 can momentarily sink
upwards of 100 mA from the gate of M1. The GATE amplifier has high bandwidth while active, so keep the
GATE trace length short. The PROG, TIMER, and EN pins have high input impedances, therefore keep their
input leads short. Oversize power traces and power device connections to assure low voltage drop and good
thermal performance.
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Power, Current, and Voltage Monitoring (PIV)
The TPS2480/81 digital current-shunt monitor has an I2C / SMBus-compatible interface. It provides digital
current, voltage, and power readings for accurate decision-making in precisely-controlled systems.
Programmable registers allow flexible configuration for measurement resolution, and continuous versus-triggered
operation. Detailed register information appears in the Register Information Section. See the Register Block
Diagram for a block diagram of the TPS2480 / 81 PIV monitoring circuits.
PIV Monitoring - Typical Application Circuit Considerations
Figure 17 shows a typical application circuit for the TPS2480/81. 0.1-mF ceramic capacitors must be placed as
close as possible to the supply and ground pins for supply bypassing.
The pull-up resistors shown on the SDA and SCL lines are not needed if there are pull-up resistors on these
same lines elsewhere in the system. Resistor values shown are typical: consult the I2C or SMBus specification to
determine acceptable values.
I2C Bus Overview
The I2C and SMBus protocols are essentially compatible with each other and the TPS2480/81 are compatible
with both. This allows use of the I2C interface throughout this data sheet as the primary example, with SMBus
protocol specified only when there is a difference.
Two bidirectional lines, SCL and SDA, connect the TPS2480 / 81 to the bus. Both SCL and SDA are open-drain
connections. The device that initiates the transfer is called a master, and the devices controlled by the master
are slaves. The bus must be controlled by a master device that generates the serial clock (SCL), controls, the
bus access, and generates START and STOP conditions.
To address a specific device, the master initiates a START condition by pulling SDA from a HIGH to a LOW logic
level while SCL is HIGH. All slaves on the bus shift in the slave address byte on the rising edge of SCL, with the
last bit indicating whether a read or write operation is intended. During the ninth clock pulse, the slave being
addressed responds to the master by generating an Acknowledge and pulling SDA LOW.
Data transfer is then initiated and eight bits of data are sent, followed by an Acknowledge bit. During data
transfer, SDA must remain stable while SCL is HIGH. Any change in SDA while SCL is HIGH is interpreted as a
START or STOP condition.
Once all data have been transferred, the master generates a STOP condition, indicated by pulling SDA from
LOW to HIGH while SCL is HIGH. The TPS2480/81 includes a 28-ms timeout on its interface to prevent locking
up an SMBus.
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Serial Bus Address
To communicate with the TPS2480/81, the master must first address slave devices via a slave address byte. The
slave address byte consists of seven address bits, and a direction bit indicating the intent of executing a read or
write operation.
The TPS2480/81 have two address pins, A0 and A1. Table 2 describes the pin logic levels for each of the 16
possible addresses. The state of pins A0 and A1 is sampled on every bus communication and should be set
before any activity on the interface occurs. The address pins are read at the start of each communication event.
Table 2. TPS2480/81 Address Pins and
Slave Addresses
A1
A0
SLAVE ADDRESS
GND
GND
1000000
GND
VS+
1000001
GND
SDA
1000010
GND
SCL
1000011
VS+
GND
1000100
VS+
VS+
1000101
VS+
SDA
1000110
VS+
SCL
1000111
SDA
GND
1001000
SDA
VS+
1001001
SDA
SDA
1001010
SDA
SCL
1001011
SCL
GND
1001100
SCL
VS+
1001101
SCL
SDA
1001110
SCL
SCL
1001111
Serial Interface
The TPS2480/81 operates only as a slave device on the I2C bus and SMBus. Connections to the bus are made
via the open-drain I/O lines SDA and SCL. The SDA and SCL pins feature integrated spike suppression filters
and Schmitt triggers to minimize the effects of input spikes and bus noise. The TPS2480/81 support the
transmission protocol for fast (1 kHz to 400 kHz) and high-speed (1 kHz to 3.4 MHz) modes. All data bytes are
transmitted most significant byte first.
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Writing To/Reading From The TPS2480/81
Accessing a particular register on the TPS2480/81 is accomplished by writing the appropriate value to the
register pointer. Refer to Table 4 for a complete list of registers and corresponding addresses. The value for the
register pointer as shown in Figure 20 is the first byte transferred after the slave address byte with the R/W bit
LOW. Every write operation to the TPS2480/81 requires a value for the register pointer.
Writing to a register begins with the first byte transmitted by the master. This byte is the slave address, with the
R/W bit LOW. The TPS2480/81 then acknowledges receipt of a valid address. The next byte transmitted by the
master is the address of the register to which data will be written. This register address value updates the
register pointer to the desired register. The next two bytes are written to the register addressed by the register
pointer. The TPS2480/81 acknowledges receipt of each data byte. The master may terminate data transfer by
generating a START or STOP condition.
When reading from the TPS2480/81, the last value stored in the register pointer by a write operation determines
which register is read during a read operation. To change the register pointer for a read operation, a new value
must be written to the register pointer. This write is accomplished by issuing a slave address byte with the R/W
bit LOW, followed by the register pointer byte. No additional data are required. The master then generates a
START condition and sends the slave address byte with the R/W bit HIGH to initiate the read command. The
next byte is transmitted by the slave and is the most significant byte of the register indicated by the register
pointer. This byte is followed by an Acknowledge from the master; then the slave transmits the least significant
byte. The master acknowledges receipt of the data byte. The master may terminate data transfer by generating a
Not-Acknowledge after receiving any data byte, or generating a START or STOP condition. If repeated reads
from the same register are desired, it is not necessary to continually send the register pointer bytes; the
TPS2480/81 retains the register pointer value until it is changed by the next write operation.
Figure 20 and Figure 21 show write and read operation timing diagrams, respectively. Note that register bytes
are sent most-significant byte first, followed by the least significant byte. Figure 22 shows the timing diagram for
the SMBus Alert response operation. Figure 23 illustrates a typical register pointer configuration.
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0
A3
A2
A1
A0
Frame 1 Two-Wire Slave Address Byte
0
(1)
1
P7
ACK By
TPS2480/81
R/W
9
P6
P4
P3
P2
P1
Frame 2 Register Pointer Byte
P5
1
D15 D14
ACK By
TPS2480/81
P0
9
D13
Figure 20. Timing Diagram for Write Word Format
Start By
Master
1
1
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0
A3
A2
A1
A0
D9
Frame 2 Data MSByte
(2)
D8
9
D6
ACK By
TPS2480/81
D8
D7
1
ACK By
Master
NOTES: (1) The value of the Slave Address Byte is determined by the settings of the A0 and A1 pins.
Refer to Table 1.
(2) Read data is from the last register pointer location. If a new register is desired, the register
pointer must be updated. See Figure 19.
(3) ACK by Master can also be sent.
(1)
D11 D10
From
D12
TPS2480/81
D13
ACK By
D15 D14
1
TPS2480/81
R/W
Frame 1 Two-Wire Slave Address Byte
0
9
D9
Frame 3 Data MSByte
D12 D11 D10
9
D5
D7
1
D3
D3
D2
D1
D2
Frame 3 Data LSByte
(2)
D1
NoACK By
Master
9
ACK By
TPS2480/81
D0
D0
Frame 4 Data LSByte
D4
From
D5
TPS2480/81
D4
D6
9
(3)
Stop
Stop By
Master
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SDA
1
1
NOTE (1): The value of the Slave Address Byte is determined by the settings of the A0 and A1 pins. Refer to Table 1.
Start By
Master
SCL
SDA
SCL
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Figure 21. Timing Diagram for Read Word Format
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ALERT
1
9
1
9
SCL
SDA
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
R/W
Start By
Master
1
0
0
A3
A2
ACK By
TPS2480/81
A1
A0
0
From
TPS2480/81
Frame 1 SMBus ALERT Response Address Byte
Frame 2 Slave Address Byte
NACK By
Master
Stop By
Master
(1)
NOTE (1): The value of the Slave Address Byte is determined by the settings of the A0 and A1 pins. Refer to Table 1.
Figure 22. Timing Diagram for SMBus ALERT
1
9
1
9
¼
SCL
SDA
1
0
0
A3
A2
A1
A0
R/W
Start By
Master
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
ACK By
TPS2480/81
Frame 1 Two-Wire Slave Address Byte
(1)
P0
Stop
ACK By
TPS2480/81
Frame 2 Register Pointer Byte
NOTE (1): The value of the Slave Address Byte is determined by the settings of the A0 and A1 pins. Refer to Table 1.
Figure 23. Typical Register Pointer Set
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High-Speed I2C Mode
When the bus is idle, both the SDA and SCL lines are pulled high by the pull-up devices. The master generates
a start condition followed by a valid serial byte containing High-Speed (HS) master code 00001XXX. This
transmission is made in fast (400 kbps) or standard (100 kbps) (F/S) mode at no more than 400 kbps. The
TPS2480/81 does not acknowledge the HS master code, but does recognize it and switches its internal filters to
support 3.4-Mbps operation.
The master then generates a repeated start condition (a repeated start condition has the same timing as the start
condition). After this repeated start condition, the protocol is the same as F/S mode, except that transmission
speeds up to 3.4 Mbps are allowed. Instead of using a stop condition, repeated start conditions should be used
to secure the bus in HS-mode. A stop condition ends the HS-mode and switches all the internal filters of the
TPS2480/81 to support the F/S mode.
t(LOW)
tF
tR
t(HDSTA)
SCL
t(HDSTA)
t(HIGH)
t(HDDAT)
t(SUSTO)
t(SUSTA)
t(SUDAT)
SDA
t(BUF)
P
S
S
P
Figure 24.
Table 3.
FAST MODE
PARAMETER
MIN
HIGH-SPEED MODE
MAX
0.001
MIN
0.4
UNITS
MAX
f(SCL)
SCL operating frequency
0.001
3.4
MHz
T(BUF)
Bus free time between STOP and START condition
600
160
ns
T(HDSTA)
Hold time after repeated START condition. After this period,
the first clock is generated.
100
100
ns
T(SUSTA)
Repeated START condition setup time
100
100
ns
T(SUSTO)
STOP condition setup time
100
100
ns
T(HDDAT)
Data hold time
0
0
ns
T(SUDAT)
Data setup time
100
10
ns
T(LOW)
SCL clock LOW period
1300
160
ns
T(HIGH)
SCL clock HIGH period
600
60
tF
Clock/data fall time
tR/ tR
Clock/data rise time clock/data rise time for SCLK ≤ 100kHz
ns
300
160
ns
300/1000
160
ns/ns
Power-Up Conditions
Power-up conditions are caused by a software reset via the RST bit (bit 15) in the Configuration Register, or the
I2C bus General Call Reset.
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ADC Operation
The two analog inputs to the TPS2480/81, VINP and VINM, connect to a shunt resistor in the bus of interest. The
TPS2480/81 is typically powered by a separate supply from 3 V to 5 .5V. The bus being sensed can vary from 0
V to 26 V. There are no special considerations for power-supply sequencing (for example, a bus voltage can be
present with the supply voltage off, and vice-versa). The TPS2480/81 senses the small drop across the shunt for
shunt voltage, and senses the voltage with respect to ground from VIN– for the bus voltage. Figure 25 illustrates
this operation.
VSHUNT = VIN+ - VINTypically < 50mV
+
-
Current
Shunt
Supply
Load
3V to 5.5V
3.3V Supply
VIN+
VS
VIN-
´
Power Register
Data (SDA)
Clock (SCL)
2
VBUS = VIN- - GND
Current Register
Range of 0V to 26V
Typical Application 12V
PGA
IC
Interface
A0
ADC
Voltage Register
A1
GND
Figure 25. TPS2480/81 Configured For Current and Voltage Measurement
When the TPS2480/81 is in the normal operating mode (that is, MODE bits of the Configuration Register are set
to '111'), it continuously converts the shunt voltage up to the number set in the shunt voltage averaging function
(Configuration Register, SADC bits). The device then converts the bus voltage up to the number set in the bus
voltage averaging (Configuration Register, BADC bits). The Mode control in the Configuration Register also
permits selecting modes to convert only voltage or current, either continuously or in response to an event
(triggered).
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All current and power calculations are performed in the background and do not contribute to conversion time;
conversion times shown in the Electrical Characteristics table can be used to determine the actual conversion
time.
Power-Down mode reduces the quiescent current and turns off current into the TPS2480/81 inputs, avoiding any
supply drain. Full recovery from Power-Down requires 40 ms. ADC Off mode (set by the Configuration Register,
MODE bits) stops all conversions.
In triggered mode, the external Convert line becomes active. Convert commands are initiated by taking the
Convert line low for a minimum of 4 ms. The Convert line may be connected high when unused. Any re-trigger of
the Convert line during a conversion is ignored, and the Convert line state is disregarded until the conversion
ends. There are several available triggered modes; however, all conversions are performed repeatedly up to the
number set in the Averaging function (Configuration Register, BADC and SADC bits).
If the Convert line is held low, writing any of the triggered convert modes into the Configuration Register (even if
the desired mode is already programmed into the register) triggers a single-shot conversion.
Although the TPS2480/81 can be read at any time, and the data from the last conversion remain available, the
Conversion Ready bit (Status Register, CNVR bit) is provided to help co-ordinate one-shot or triggered
conversions. The Conversion Ready bit is set after all conversions, averaging, and multiplication operations are
complete.
The Conversion Ready bit clears under these conditions:
1. Writing to the Configuration Register, except when configuring the MODE bits for Power Down or ADC off
(Disable) modes;
2. Reading the Status Register; or
3. Triggering a single-shot conversion with the Convert pin.
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Power Measurement
Current and bus voltage are converted at different points in time, depending on the resolution and averaging
mode settings. For instance, when configured for 12-bit and 128 sample averaging, up to 68 ms in time between
sampling these two values is possible. Again, these calculations are performed in the background and do not add
to the overall conversion time.
PGA Function
If larger full-scale shunt voltages are desired, the TPS2480/81 provides a PGA function that increases the
full-scale range up to 2, 4, or 8 times (320 mV). Additionally, the bus voltage measurement has two full-scale
ranges: 16 V or 32 V.
Filtering and Input Considerations
Measuring current can be noisy, and such noise can be difficult to define.
The internal ADC has a delta-sigma (ΔΣ) front-end with a 500-kHz (±30%) typical sampling rate. This
architecture has good inherent noise rejection. However, transients that occur at or very close to the sampling
rate harmonics can cause problems. Because these signals are at 1 MHz and higher, they can be dealt with by
incorporating filtering at the input of the TPS2480/81. The high frequency enables the use of low-value series
resistors on the filter for reducing effects on measurement accuracy. In general, filtering the TPS2480/81 input is
only necessary if there are transients at exact harmonics of the 500-kHz (±30%) sampling rate (>1 MHz). Filter
using the lowest possible series resistance and ceramic capacitor. Recommended values are 0.1 mF to 1.0 mF.
Overload conditions are another consideration for the TPS2480/81 inputs. The TPS2480/81 inputs are specified
to tolerate 26 V across the inputs. A large differential scenario might be a short to ground on the load side of the
shunt. This type of event can result in full power-supply voltage across the shunt (as long the power supply or
energy storage capacitors support it). It must be remembered that removing a short to ground can result in
inductive kickbacks that could exceed the 26-V differential and common-mode rating of the TPS2480/81.
Inductive kickback voltages are best dealt with by zener-type transient-absorbing devices (commonly called
transzorbs) combined with sufficient energy storage capacitance.
In applications that do not have large energy storage electrolytics on one or both sides of the shunt, an input
overstress condition may result from an excessive dV/dt of the voltage applied to the input. A hard physical short
is the most likely cause of this event, particularly in applications with no large electrolytics present. This problem
occurs because an excessive dV/dt can activate the ESD protection in the TPS2480/81 in systems where large
currents are available.
Simple Current Shunt Monitor Usage (No Programming Necessary)
The TPS2480/81 can be used without any programming if it is only necessary to read a shunt voltage drop and
bus voltage with the default 12-bit resolution, 320-mV shunt full-scale range (PGA = ÷ 8), 32-V bus full-scale
range, and continuous conversion of shunt and bus voltage.
Without programming, current is measured by reading the shunt voltage. The Current Register and Power
Register are only available if the Calibration Register contains a programmed value.
Programming the TPS2480/81
The default power-up states of the registers are shown in the register information section. These registers are
volatile, and if programmed to other than default values, must be re-programmed at every device power-up.
Detailed information on programming the Calibration Register specifically is given in the Programming the
TPS2480/81 Power Measurement Engine section.
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Programming The TPS2480/81 Power Measurement Engine
Calibration Register and Scaling
The Calibration Register makes it possible to set the scaling of the Current and Power Registers to whatever
values are most useful for a given application. One strategy may be to set the Calibration Register such that the
largest possible number is generated in the Current Register or Power Register at the expected full-scale point;
this approach yields the highest resolution. The Calibration Register can also be selected to provide values in the
Current and Power Registers that either provide direct decimal equivalents of the values being measured, or
yield a round LSB number. After these choices have been made, the Calibration Register also offers possibilities
for end user system-level calibration, where the value is adjusted slightly to cancel total system error.
Below are two examples for configuring the TPS2480/81 calibration. Both examples are written so the
information directly relates to the calibration setup found in the TPS2480/81EVM software.
Calibration Example 1: Calibrating the TPS2480/81 With No Possibility for Overflow
NOTE
The numbers used in this example are the same used with the TPS2480/81EVM software
as shown in Figure 26. This does not mean the input can go over 26 V!
1. Establish the following parameters:
VBUS_MAX = 32, This does not mean the input can go over 26 V!
VSHUNT_MAX = 0.32
RSHUNT = 0.5
2. Using Equation 30, determine the maximum possible current .
VSHUNT_MAX
MaxPossible_I =
RSHUNT
MaxPossible_I = 0.64
(30)
3. Choose the desired maximum current value. This value is selected based on system expectations.
Max_Expected_I = 0.6
4. Calculate the possible range of current LSBs. To calculate this range, first compute a range of LSBs that is
appropriate for the design. Next, select an LSB within this range. Note that the results will have the most
resolution when the minimum LSB is selected. Typically, an LSB is selected to be the nearest round number
to the minimum LSB value.
Max_Expected_I
Minimum_LSB =
32767
Minimum_LSB = 18.311 ´ 10-6
(31)
Max_Expected_I
4096
Maximum_LSB = 146.520 ´ 10-6
Maximum_LSB =
(32)
Choose an LSB in the range: Minimum_LSB<Selected_LSB < Maximum_LSB
Current_LSB = 20 × 10–6
NOTE
This value was selected to be a round number near the Minimum_LSB. This selection
allows for good resolution with a rounded LSB.
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5. Compute the Calibration Register value using Equation 33:
0.04096
Cal = trunc Current_LSB ´ R
SHUNT
Cal = 4096
(33)
6. Calculate the Power LSB, using Equation 34. Equation 34 shows a general formula; because the bus voltage
measurement LSB is always 4 mV, the power formula reduces to the calculated result.
Power_LSB = 20 ´ Current_LSB
Power_LSB = 400 ´ 10-6
(34)
7. Compute the maximum current and shunt voltage values (before overflow), as shown by Equation 35 and
Equation 36. Note that both Equation 35 and Equation 36 involve an If - then condition:
Max_Current = Current_LSB ´ 32767
Max_Current = 0.65534
(35)
If Max_Current ≥ Max Possible_I then
Max_Current_Before_Overflow = MaxPossible_I
Else
Max_Current_Before_Overflow = Max_Current
End If
NOTE
(Max_Current is greater than MaxPossible_I in this example.)
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Max_Current_Before_Overflow = 0.64 (Note: This result is displayed by software as seen in Figure 26.)
Max_ShuntVoltage = Max_Current_Before_Overflow ´ RSHUNT
Max_ShuntVoltage = 0.32
(36)
If Max_ShuntVoltage ≥ VSHUNT_MAX
Max_ShuntVoltage_Before_Overflow = VSHUNT_MAX
Else
Max_ShuntVoltage_Before_Overflow= Max_ShuntVoltage
End If
Max_ShuntVoltage_Before_Overflow = 0.32
NOTE
This result is displayed by software as seen in Figure 26.
(Max_ShuntVoltage is greater than VSHUNT_MAX in this example.)
8. Compute the maximum power with Equation 37.
MaximumPower = Max_Current_Before_Overflow ´ VBUS_MAX
MaximumPower = 20.48
(37)
9. (Optional second Calibration step.) Compute corrected full-scale calibration value based on measured
current.
TPS2480/81_Current = 0.0504
MeaShuntCurrent = 0.05006
Corrected_Full_Scale_Cal = trunc
Cal ´ MeasShuntCurrent
TPS2480/81_Current
Corrected_Full_Scale_Cal = 4068
(38)
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Figure 26 illustrates how to perform the same procedure discussed in this example using the automated
TPS2480/81EVM software.
NOTE
The same numbers used in the nine-step example are used in the software example in
Figure 26. Also note that Figure 26 illustrates which results correspond to which step (for
example, the information entered in Step 1 is enclosed in a box in Figure 26 and labeled).
This does not mean the input can go over 26 V!
Step 1
Optional
Step 9
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 7
Step 6
Step 8
Figure 26. TPS2480/81 Calibration Sofware Automatically Computes Calibration Steps 1-9
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Calibration Example 2 (Overflow Possible)
This design example uses the nine-step procedure for calibrating the TPS2480/81 where overflow is possible.
Figure 27 illustrates how the same procedure is performed using the automated TPS2480/81EVM software.
NOTE
(The same numbers used in the nine-step example are used in the software example in
Figure 27. Also note that Figure 27 illustrates which results correspond to which step (for
example, the information entered in Step 1 is circled in Figure 27 and labeled).
1. Establish the following parameters:
VBUS_MAX = 32, This does not mean the input can go over 26 V!
VSHUNT_MAX = 0.32
RSHUNT = 0.001
2. Determine the maximum possible current using Equation 39:
VSHUNT_MAX
MaxPossible_I =
RSHUNT
MaxPossible_I = 320
(39)
3. Choose the desired maximum current value: Max_Expected_I, ≤ MaxPossible_I. This value is selected
based on system expectations.
Max_Expected_I = 60
4. Calculate the possible range of current LSBs. This calculation is done by first computing a range of LSB's
that is appropriate for the design. Next, select an LSB withing this range. Note that the results will have the
most resolution when the minimum LSB is selected. Typically, an LSB is selected to be the nearest round
number to the minimum LSB.
Max_Expected_I
Minimum_LSB =
32767
Minimum_LSB = 1.831 ´ 10-3
(40)
Max_Expected_I
4096
Maximum_LSB = 14.652 ´ 10-3
Maximum_LSB =
(41)
Choose an LSB in the range: Minimum_LSB<Selected_LSB<Maximum_LSB
Current_LSB = 1.9 × 10–3
NOTE
This value was selected to be a round number near the Minimum_LSB. This section
allows for good resolution with a rounded LSB.
5. Compute the calibration register using Equation 42:
Cal = trunc
0.04096
Current_LSB ´ RSHUNT
Cal = 21557
(42)
6. Calculate the Power LSB using Equation 43. Equation 43 shows a general formula; because the bus voltage
measurement LSB is always 4mV, the power formula reduces to calculate the result.
Power_LSB = 20 ´ Current_LSB
Power_LSB = 38 ´ 10-3
(43)
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7. Compute the maximum current and shunt voltage values (before overflow), as shown by Equation 44 and
Equation 45. Note that both Equation 44 and Equation 45 involve an If - then condition.
Max_Current = Current_LSB ´ 32767
Max_Current = 62.2573
(44)
If Max_Current ≥ Max Possible_I then
Max_Current_Before_Overflow = MaxPossible_I
Else
Max_Current_Before_Overflow = Max_Current
End If
(Note that Max_Current is less than MaxPossible_I in this example.)
Max_Current_Before_Overflow = 62.2573 (Note: This result is displayed by software as seen in Figure 27.)
Max_ShuntVoltage = Max_Current_Before_Overflow ´ RSHUNT
Max_ShuntVoltage = 0.0622573
(45)
If Max_ShuntVoltage ≥ VSHUNT_MAX
Max_ShuntVoltage_Before_Overflow = VSHUNT_MAX
Else
Max_ShuntVoltage_Before_Overflow= Max_ShuntVoltage
End If
(Note that Max_ShuntVoltage is less than VSHUNT_MAX in this example.)
Max_ShuntVoltage_Before_Overflow = 0.0622573 (Note: This result is displayed by software as seen in
Figure 27.)
8. Compute the maximum power with equation 8.
MaximumPower = Max_Current_Before_Overflow ´ VBUS_MAX
MaximumPower = 1992
(46)
9. (Optional second calibration step.) Compute the corrected full-scale calibration value based on measured
current.
TPS2480/81_Current = 25.2472
MeaShuntCurrent = 25.09
Cal ´ MeasShuntCurrent
TPS2480/81_Current
Corrected_Full_Scale_Cal = trunc
Corrected_Full_Scale_Cal = 21422
42
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Figure 27 illustrates how to perform the same procedure discussed in this example using the automated
TPS2480/81EVM software.
NOTE
(The same numbers used in the nine-step example are used in the software example in
Figure 27. Also note that Figure 27 illustrates which results correspond to which step (for
example, the information entered in Step 1 is enclosed in a box in Figure 27 and labeled).
Step 1
Optional
Step 9
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 7
Step 6
Step 8
Figure 27. Calibration Software Automatically Computes Calibration Steps 1-9
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REGISTER INFORMATION
The TPS2480/81 uses a bank of registers for holding configuration settings, measurement results,
maximum/minimum limits, and status information. Table 4 summarizes the TPS2480/81 registers; illustrates
registers.
Register contents are updated 4 ms after completion of the write command. Therefore, a 4-ms delay is required
between completion of a write to a given register and a subsequent read of that register (without changing the
pointer) when using SCL frequencies in excess of 1 MHz.
Table 4. Summary of Register Set
POINTER
ADDRESS
REGISTER NAME
POWER-ON RESET
FUNCTION
HEX
(1)
(2)
44
TYPE (1)
BINARY
HEX
00111001 10011111
399F
R/W
Shunt voltage
—
R
Bus voltage
—
R
00
Configuration Register
All-register reset, settings for bus
voltage range, PGA Gain, ADC
resolution/averaging.
01
Shunt Voltage
Shunt voltage measurement data.
02
Bus Voltage
03
Power (2)
Power measurement data.
00000000 00000000
0000
R
04
Current (2)
Contains the value of the current flowing
through the shunt resistor.
00000000 00000000
0000
R
05
Calibration
Sets full-scale range and LSB of current
and power measurements. Overall
system calibration.
00000000 00000000
0000
R/W
Bus voltage measurement data.
Type: R = Read-Only, R/W = Read/Write.
The Power Register and Current Register default to '0' because the Calibration Register defaults to '0', yielding a zero current value until
the Calibration Register is programmed.
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Register Details
All TPS2480/81 16-bit registers are actually two 8-bit registers.
Configuration Register 00h (Read/Write)
BIT #
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D9
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
BIT
NAME
RST
—
BRNG
PG1
PG0
BADC4
BADC3
BADC2
BADC1
SADC4
SADC3
SADC2
SADC1
MODE3
MODE2
MODE1
POR
VALUE
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
Bit Descriptions
RST:
Reset Bit
Bit 15
Setting this bit to '1' generates a system reset that is the same as power-on reset. Resets all registers to default
values; this bit self-clears.
BRNG:
Bus Voltage Range
Bit 13
0 = 16-V FSR
1 = 32-V FSR (default value)
PG:
PGA (Shunt Voltage Only)
Bits 11, 12
Sets PGA gain and range. Note that the PGA defaults to ÷8 (320-mV range). Table 5 shows the gain and range for
the various product gain settings.
Table 5. PG Bit Settings (1)
(1)
PG1
PG0
GAIN
RANGE
0
0
1
±40 mV
0
1
÷2
±80 mV
1
0
÷4
±160 mV
1
1
÷8
±320 mV
Shaded values are default.
BADC:
BADC Bus ADC Resolution/Averaging
Bits 7–10
These bits adjust the Bus ADC resolution (9-, 10-, 11-, or 12-bit) or set the number of samples used when
averaging results for the Bus Voltage Register (02h).
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SADC:
SADC Shunt ADC Resolution/Averaging
Bits 3–6
These bits adjust the Shunt ADC resolution (9-, 10-, 11-, or 12-bit) or set the number of samples used when
averaging results for the Shunt Voltage Register (01h).
BADC (Bus) and SADC (Shunt) ADC resolution/averaging and conversion time settings are shown in Table 6.
Table 6. ADC Settings (1)
ADC4
(1)
(2)
ADC3
ADC2
ADC1
0
X
(2)
0
0
9-bit
84 ms
0
X (2)
0
1
10-bit
148 ms
0
X (2)
1
0
11-bit
276 ms
0
(2)
1
1
12-bit
532 ms
1
0
0
0
12-bit
532 ms
1
0
0
1
2
1.06 ms
1
0
1
0
4
2.13 ms
1
0
1
1
8
4.26 ms
1
1
0
0
16
8.51 ms
1
1
0
1
32
17.02 ms
1
1
1
0
64
34.05 ms
1
1
1
1
128
68.10 ms
X
MODE/SAMPLES
CONVERSION TIME
Shaded values are default.
X = Don't care.
MODE:
Operating Mode
Bits 0–2
Selects continuous, triggered, or power-down mode of operation. These bits default to continuous shunt and bus
measurement mode. The mode settings are shown in Table 7.
Table 7. Mode Settings (1)
(1)
46
MODE3
MODE2
MODE1
MODE
0
0
0
Power-down
0
0
1
Shunt voltage, triggered
0
1
0
Bus voltage, triggered
0
1
1
Shunt and bus, triggered
1
0
0
ADC off (disabled)
1
0
1
Shunt voltage, continuous
1
1
0
Bus voltage, continuous
1
1
1
Shunt and bus, continuous
Shaded values are default.
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Data Output Registers
Shunt Voltage Register 01h (Read-Only)
The Shunt Voltage Register stores the current shunt voltage reading, VSHUNT. Shunt Voltage Register bits are
shifted according to the PGA setting selected in the Configuration Register (00h). When multiple sign bits are
present, they will all be the same value. Negative numbers are represented in two's complement format.
Generate the two's complement of a negative number by complementing the absolute value binary number and
adding 1. Extend the sign, denoting a negative number by setting the MSB = '1'. Extend the sign to any
additional sign bits to form the 16-bit word.
Example: For a value of VSHUNT = –320 mV:
1. Take the absolute value (include accuracy to 0.01mV)==> 320.00
2. Translate this number to a whole decimal number ==> 32000
3. Convert it to binary==> 111 1101 0000 0000
4. Complement the binary result : 000 0010 1111 1111
5. Add 1 to the Complement to create the Two’s Complement formatted result ==> 000 0011 0000 0000
6. Extend the sign and create the 16-bit word: 1000 0011 0000 0000 = 8300h (Remember to extend the sign to
all sign-bits, as necessary based on the PGA setting.)
At PGA = ÷8, full-scale range = ±320 mV (decimal = 32000, positive value hex = 7D00, negative value hex =
8300), and LSB = 10 mV.
BIT #
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D9
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
BIT
NAME
SIGN
SD14_8
SD13_8
SD12_8
SD11_8
SD10_8
SD9_8
SD8_8
SD7_8
SD6_8
SD5_8
SD4_8
SD3_8
SD2_8
SD1_8
SD0_8
POR
VALUE
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
At PGA = ÷4, full-scale range = ±160 mV (decimal = 16000, positive value hex = 3E80, negative value hex =
C180), and LSB = 10 mV.
BIT #
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D9
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
BIT
NAME
SIGN
SIGN
SD13_4
SD12_4
SD11_4
SD10_4
SD9_4
SD8_4
SD7_4
SD6_4
SD5_4
SD4_4
SD3_4
SD2_4
SD1_4
SD0_4
POR
VALUE
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
At PGA = ÷2, full-scale range = ±80 mV (decimal = 8000, positive value hex = 1F40, negative value hex =
E0C0), and LSB = 10 mV.
BIT #
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D9
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
BIT
NAME
SIGN
SIGN
SIGN
SD12_2
SD11_2
SD10_2
SD9_2
SD8_2
SD7_2
SD6_2
SD5_2
SD4_2
SD3_2
SD2_2
SD1_2
SD0_2
POR
VALUE
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
At PGA = ÷1, full-scale range = ±40 mV (decimal = 4000, positive value hex = 0FA0, negative value hex = F060),
and LSB = 10 mV.
BIT #
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D9
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
BIT
NAME
SIGN
SIGN
SIGN
SIGN
SD11_1
SD10_1
SD9_1
SD8_1
SD7_1
SD6_1
SD5_1
SD4_1
SD3_1
SD2_1
SD1_1
SD0_1
POR
VALUE
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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Table 8. Shunt Voltage Register Format (1)
VSHUNT
Reading (mV)
Decimal
Value
PGA = ÷ 8
(D15…..................D0)
PGA = ÷ 4
(D15…..................D0)
PGA = ÷ 2
(D15…..................D0)
PGA = ÷ 1
(D15…..................D0)
320.02
32002
0111 1101 0000 0000
0011 1110 1000 0000
0001 1111 0100 0000
0000 1111 1010 0000
320.01
32001
0111 1101 0000 0000
0011 1110 1000 0000
0001 1111 0100 0000
0000 1111 1010 0000
320.00
32000
0111 1101 0000 0000
0011 1110 1000 0000
0001 1111 0100 0000
0000 1111 1010 0000
319.99
31999
0111 1100 1111 1111
0011 1110 1000 0000
0001 1111 0100 0000
0000 1111 1010 0000
319.98
31998
0111 1100 1111 1110
0011 1110 1000 0000
0001 1111 0100 0000
0000 1111 1010 0000
-
-
-
-
-
-
160.02
16002
0011 1110 1000 0010
0011 1110 1000 0000
0001 1111 0100 0000
0000 1111 1010 0000
160.01
16001
0011 1110 1000 0001
0011 1110 1000 0000
0001 1111 0100 0000
0000 1111 1010 0000
160.00
16000
0011 1110 1000 0000
0011 1110 1000 0000
0001 1111 0100 0000
0000 1111 1010 0000
159.99
15999
0011 1110 0111 1111
0011 1110 0111 1111
0001 1111 0100 0000
0000 1111 1010 0000
159.98
15998
0011 1110 0111 1110
0011 1110 0111 1110
0001 1111 0100 0000
0000 1111 1010 0000
-
-
-
-
-
-
80.02
8002
0001 1111 0100 0010
0001 1111 0100 0010
0001 1111 0100 0000
0000 1111 1010 0000
80.01
8001
0001 1111 0100 0001
0001 1111 0100 0001
0001 1111 0100 0000
0000 1111 1010 0000
80.00
8000
0001 1111 0100 0000
0001 1111 0100 0000
0001 1111 0100 0000
0000 1111 1010 0000
79.99
7999
0001 1111 0011 1111
0001 1111 0011 1111
0001 1111 0011 1111
0000 1111 1010 0000
79.98
7998
0001 1111 0011 1110
0001 1111 0011 1110
0001 1111 0011 1110
0000 1111 1010 0000
-
-
-
-
-
-
40.02
4002
0000 1111 1010 0010
0000 1111 1010 0010
0000 1111 1010 0010
0000 1111 1010 0000
40.01
4001
0000 1111 1010 0001
0000 1111 1010 0001
0000 1111 1010 0001
0000 1111 1010 0000
40.00
4000
0000 1111 1010 0000
0000 1111 1010 0000
0000 1111 1010 0000
0000 1111 1010 0000
39.99
3999
0000 1111 1001 1111
0000 1111 1001 1111
0000 1111 1001 1111
0000 1111 1001 1111
39.98
3998
0000 1111 1001 1110
0000 1111 1001 1110
0000 1111 1001 1110
0000 1111 1001 1110
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.02
2
0000 0000 0000 0010
0000 0000 0000 0010
0000 0000 0000 0010
0000 0000 0000 0010
0.01
1
0000 0000 0000 0001
0000 0000 0000 0001
0000 0000 0000 0001
0000 0000 0000 0001
0
0
0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000
–0.01
–1
1111 1111 1111 1111
1111 1111 1111 1111
1111 1111 1111 1111
1111 1111 1111 1111
–0.02
–2
1111 1111 1111 1110
1111 1111 1111 1110
1111 1111 1111 1110
1111 1111 1111 1110
-
-
-
-
-
-
–39.98
–3998
1111 0000 0110 0010
1111 0000 0110 0010
1111 0000 0110 0010
1111 0000 0110 0010
–39.99
–3999
1111 0000 0110 0001
1111 0000 0110 0001
1111 0000 0110 0001
1111 0000 0110 0001
–40.00
–4000
1111 0000 0110 0000
1111 0000 0110 0000
1111 0000 0110 0000
1111 0000 0110 0000
–40.01
–4001
1111 0000 0101 1111
1111 0000 0101 1111
1111 0000 0101 1111
1111 0000 0110 0000
–40.02
–4002
1111 0000 0101 1110
1111 0000 0101 1110
1111 0000 0101 1110
1111 0000 0110 0000
-
-
-
-
-
-
–79.98
–7998
1110 0000 1100 0010
1110 0000 1100 0010
1110 0000 1100 0010
1111 0000 0110 0000
–79.99
–7999
1110 0000 1100 0001
1110 0000 1100 0001
1110 0000 1100 0001
1111 0000 0110 0000
–80.00
–8000
1110 0000 1100 0000
1110 0000 1100 0000
1110 0000 1100 0000
1111 0000 0110 0000
–80.01
–8001
1110 0000 1011 1111
1110 0000 1011 1111
1110 0000 1100 0000
1111 0000 0110 0000
–80.02
–8002
1110 0000 1011 1110
1110 0000 1011 1110
1110 0000 1100 0000
1111 0000 0110 0000
-
-
-
-
-
-
–159.98
–15998
1100 0001 1000 0010
1100 0001 1000 0010
1110 0000 1100 0000
1111 0000 0110 0000
–159.99
–15999
1100 0001 1000 0001
1100 0001 1000 0001
1110 0000 1100 0000
1111 0000 0110 0000
–160.00
–16000
1100 0001 1000 0000
1100 0001 1000 0000
1110 0000 1100 0000
1111 0000 0110 0000
–160.01
–16001
1100 0001 0111 1111
1100 0001 1000 0000
1110 0000 1100 0000
1111 0000 0110 0000
–160.02
–16002
1100 0001 0111 1110
1100 0001 1000 0000
1110 0000 1100 0000
1111 0000 0110 0000
-
-
-
-
-
-
–319.98
–31998
1000 0011 0000 0010
1100 0001 1000 0000
1110 0000 1100 0000
1111 0000 0110 0000
–319.99
–31999
1000 0011 0000 0001
1100 0001 1000 0000
1110 0000 1100 0000
1111 0000 0110 0000
–320.00
–32000
1000 0011 0000 0000
1100 0001 1000 0000
1110 0000 1100 0000
1111 0000 0110 0000
–320.01
–32001
1000 0011 0000 0000
1100 0001 1000 0000
1110 0000 1100 0000
1111 0000 0110 0000
–320.02
–32002
1000 0011 0000 0000
1100 0001 1000 0000
1110 0000 1100 0000
1111 0000 0110 0000
(1)
48
Out-of-range values are shown in grey shading.
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Bus Voltage Register 02h (Read-Only)
The Bus Voltage Register stores the most recent bus voltage reading, VBUS.
At full-scale range = 32 V (decimal = 8000, hex = 1F40), and LSB = 4 mV.
BIT #
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D9
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
BIT
NAME
BD12
BD11
BD10
BD9
BD8
BD7
BD6
BD5
BD4
BD3
BD2
BD1
BD0
—
CNVR
OVF
POR
VALUE
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
At full-scale range = 16 V (decimal = 4000, hex = 0FA0), and LSB = 4 mV.
BIT #
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D9
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
BIT
NAME
0
BD11
BD10
BD9
BD8
BD7
BD6
BD5
BD4
BD3
BD2
BD1
BD0
—
CNVR
OVF
POR
VALUE
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
CNVR:
Conversion Ready
Bit 1
Although the data from the last conversion can be read at any time, the TPS2480/81 Conversion Ready bit (CNVR)
indicates when data from a conversion is available in the data output registers. The CNVR bit is set after all
conversions, averaging, and multiplications are complete. CNVR will clear under the following conditions:
1) Writing a new mode into the Operating Mode bits in the Configuration Register (except for Power-Down or
Disable)
2.) Reading the Power Register
OVF:
Math Overflow Flag
Bit 0
The Math Overflow Flag (OVF) is set when the Power or Current calculations are out of range. It indicates that
current and power data may be meaningless.
Power Register 03h (Read-Only)
Full-scale range and LSB are set by the Calibration Register. See the TPS2480/81 Power Measurement Engine
section.
BIT #
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D9
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
BIT
NAME
PD15
PD14
PD13
PD12
PD11
PD10
PD9
PD8
PD7
PD6
PD5
PD4
PD3
PD2
PD1
PD0
POR
VALUE
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
The Power Register records power in watts by multiplying the values of the current with the value of the bus
voltage according to the equation:
Power =
Current ´ BusVoltage
5000
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Current Register 04h (Read-Only)
Full-scale range and LSB depend on the value entered in the Calibration Register. See the TPS2480/81 Power
Measurement Engine section. Negative values are stored in two's complement format.
BIT #
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D9
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
BIT
NAME
CSIGN
CD14
CD13
CD12
CD11
CD10
CD9
CD8
CD7
CD6
CD5
CD4
CD3
CD2
CD1
CD0
POR
VALUE
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
The value of the Current Register is calculated by multiplying the value in the Shunt Voltage Register with the
value in the Calibration Register according to the equation:
ShuntVoltage ´ Calibration Register
Current =
4096
Calibration Register
Calibration Register 05h (Read/Write)
Current and power calibration are set by bits D15 to D1 of the Calibration Register. Note that bit D0 is not used in
the calculation. This register sets the current that corresponds to a full-scale drop across the shunt. Full-scale
range and the LSB of the current and power measurement depend on the value entered in this register. See the
TPS2480/81 Power Measurement Engine section. This register is suitable for use in overall system calibration.
Note that the '0' POR values are all default.
BIT #
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D9
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0 (1)
BIT
NAME
FS15
FS14
FS13
FS12
FS11
FS10
FS9
FS8
FS7
FS6
FS5
FS4
FS3
FS2
FS1
FS0
POR
VALUE
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(1)
50
D0 is a void bit and will always be '0'. It is not possible to write a '1' to D0. CALIBRATION is the value stored in D15:D1.
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Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Link(s): TPS2480 TPS2481
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com
20-Jul-2010
TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION
*All dimensions are nominal
Device
Package Package Pins
Type Drawing
SPQ
Reel
Reel
A0
Diameter Width (mm)
(mm) W1 (mm)
B0
(mm)
K0
(mm)
P1
(mm)
W
Pin1
(mm) Quadrant
TPS2480PWR
TSSOP
PW
20
2000
330.0
16.4
6.95
7.1
1.6
8.0
16.0
Q1
TPS2481PWR
TSSOP
PW
20
2000
330.0
16.4
6.95
7.1
1.6
8.0
16.0
Q1
Pack Materials-Page 1
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com
20-Jul-2010
*All dimensions are nominal
Device
Package Type
Package Drawing
Pins
SPQ
Length (mm)
Width (mm)
Height (mm)
TPS2480PWR
TSSOP
PW
20
2000
346.0
346.0
33.0
TPS2481PWR
TSSOP
PW
20
2000
346.0
346.0
33.0
Pack Materials-Page 2
MECHANICAL DATA
MTSS001C – JANUARY 1995 – REVISED FEBRUARY 1999
PW (R-PDSO-G**)
PLASTIC SMALL-OUTLINE PACKAGE
14 PINS SHOWN
0,30
0,19
0,65
14
0,10 M
8
0,15 NOM
4,50
4,30
6,60
6,20
Gage Plane
0,25
1
7
0°– 8°
A
0,75
0,50
Seating Plane
0,15
0,05
1,20 MAX
PINS **
0,10
8
14
16
20
24
28
A MAX
3,10
5,10
5,10
6,60
7,90
9,80
A MIN
2,90
4,90
4,90
6,40
7,70
9,60
DIM
4040064/F 01/97
NOTES: A.
B.
C.
D.
All linear dimensions are in millimeters.
This drawing is subject to change without notice.
Body dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusion not to exceed 0,15.
Falls within JEDEC MO-153
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