HD61830/HD61830B LCDC (LCD Timing Controller) ADE-207-275(Z) '99.9 Rev. 0.0 Description The HD61830/HD61830B is a dot matrix liquid crystal graphic display controller LSI that stores the display data sent from an 8-bit microcontroller in the external RAM to generate dot matrix liquid crystal driving signals. It has a graphic mode in which 1-bit data in the external RAM corresponds to the on/off state of 1 dot on liquid crystal display and a character mode in which characters are displayed by storing character codes in the external RAM and developing them into the dot patterns with the internal character generator ROM. Both modes can be provided for various applications. The HD61830/HD61830B is produced by the CMOS process. Thus, combined with a CMOS microcontroller it can complete a liquid crystal display device with lower power dissipation. Features • Dot matrix liquid crystal graphic display controller • Display control capacity Graphic mode: 512k dots (216 bytes) Character mode: 4096 characters (212 characters) • Internal character generator ROM: 7360 bits 160 types of 5 × 7 dot characters 32 types of 5 × 11 dot characters Total 192 characters Can be extended to 256 characters (4 kbytes max.) with external ROM 1 HD61830/HD61830B • Interfaces to 8-bit MPU • Display duty cycle (can be selected by a program) Static to 1/128 duty cycle • Various instruction functions Scroll, cursor on/off/blink, character blink, bit manipulation • Display method: Selectable A or B types • Internal oscillator (with external resistor and capacitor) HD61830 • Operating frequency 1.1 MHz HD61830 2.4 MHz HD61830B • Low power dissipation • Power supply: Single +5 V ±10% • CMOS process 2 HD61830/HD61830B Differences between Products HD61830 and HD61830B HD61830 HD61830B Oscillator Internal or external External only Operating frequency 1.1 MHz 2.4 MHz Pin arrangement and signal name Pin 6: C Pin 7: R Pin 9: CPO Pin 6: CE Pin 7: OE Pin 9: NC Package marking to see figure A B Package Marking 3D13 A Lot No. HD61830A00 JAPAN 3D13 B Lot No. HD61830B00 JAPAN Ordering Information Type No. Package HD61830A00H 60-pin plastic QFP (FP-60) HD61830B00H 3 HD61830/HD61830B MB MA0 MA1 MA2 MA3 MA4 MA5 MA6 MA7 MA8 MA9 4 3 2 1 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 MA10 (CE) C 6 53 MA11 (OE) R 7 52 MA12 CR 8 51 MA13 (NC) CPO 9 50 MA14 FLM 10 49 MA15 CL1 11 48 D2 SYNC 12 47 D1 WE 13 46 CL2 RES 14 45 RD0 CS 15 44 RD1 E 16 43 RD2 R/W 17 42 RD3 RS 18 41 RD4 MA 19 40 RD5 GND 20 39 RD6 DB7 21 38 RD7 DB6 22 37 MD0 DB5 23 36 MD1 ( ) is for HD61830B 4 5 Pin Arrangement 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 VCC MD7 MD6 MD5 MD4 MD3 MD2 FP-60 (Top view) HD61830/HD61830B Terminal Functions Symbol Pin Number I/O Function DB0–DB7 28–21 I/O Data bus: Three-state I/O common terminal Data is transferred to MPU through DB0 to DB7. CS 15 I Chip select: Selected state with CS = 0 R/W 17 I Read/Write:R/W = 1: MPU ← HD61830 R/W = 0: MPU → HD61830 RS 18 I Register select: RS = 1: Instruction register RS = 0: Data register E 16 I Enable: Data is written at the fall of E Data can be read while E is 1 CR 8 I CR oscillator (HD61830), External clock input (HD61830B) C 6 — CR oscillator to capacitor (HD61830 only) R 7 — CR oscillator to resistor (HD61830 only) CPO 9 O Clock signal for HD61830 in slave mode (HD61830 only) CE 6 O Chip enable (HD61830B only) CE = 0: Chip enables make external RAM in active OE 7 O Output enable (HD61830B only) OE = 1: Output enable informs external RAM that HD61830B requires data bus NC 9 Open Unused terminal. Don’t connect any wires to this terminal (HD61830B only) MA0–MA15 4–1, 60–49 O External RAM address output In character mode, the line code for external CG is output through MA12 to MA15 (0: Character 1st line, F: Character 16th line) MD0–MD7 37–30 I/O Display data bus: Three-state I/O common terminal RD0–RD7 45–38 I ROM data input: Dot data from external character generator is input WE 13 O Write enable: Write signal for external RAM CL2 46 O Display data shift clock for LCD drivers CL1 11 O Display data latch signal for LCD drivers FLM 10 O Frame signal for display synchronization MA 19 O Signal for converting liquid crystal driving signal into AC, A type MB 5 O Signal for converting liquid crystal driving signal into AC, B type D1 47 O D2 48 Display data serial output D1: For upper half of screen D2: For lower half of screen SYNC 12 I/O Synchronous signal for parallel operation Three-state I/O common terminal (with pull-up MOS) Master: Synchronous signal is output Slave: Synchronous signal is input RES 14 I Reset: Reset = 0 results in display off, slave mode and Hp = 6 5 6 CS E RS R/W RES DB0–DB7 4 CL2 Busy flag (BF) 8 Rf Cf Oscillator circuit Instruction register (IR) Data output register (DOR) Data input register (DIR) CPO Control signal 8 Mode control register (MCR) 6 8 8 (CR) 4 Multiplexer Parallel/serial converter Parallel/serial converter Multiplexer Character generator ROM (CGROM) (OE) (CE) * D2 D1 RD0–RD7 Extended external ROM MD0–MD7 RAM WE ( ) is for HD61830B * When extended external ROM is used, MA0–MA11 are applied to RAM, MA12 –MA15 are applied to extended external ROM. Cursor signal generator Line address counter Refesh address 16 counter (1) (RAC1) Refesh address 16 counter (2) (RAC2) Cursor address 16 counter (CAC) Oscillator circuit Control signal (CL2) Dot registers (DR) Dot counter (DC) SYNC CL1 MA MB FLM HD61830/HD61830B Block Diagram I/O interface circuit HD61830/HD61830B Block Functions Registers The HD61830/HD61830B has the five types of registers: instruction register (IR), data input register (DIR), data output register (DOR), dot registers (DR), and mode control register (MCR). The IR is a 4-bit register that stores the instruction codes for specifying MCR, DR, a start address register, a cursor address register, and so on. The lower order 4 bits DB0 to DB3 of data buses are written in it. The DIR is an 8-bit register used to temporarily store the data written into the external RAM, DR, MCR, and so on. The DOR is an 8-bit register used to temporarily store the data read from the external RAM. Cursor address information is written into the cursor address counter (CAC) through the DIR. When the memory read instruction is set in the IR (latched at the falling edge of E signal), the data of external RAM is read to DOR by an internal operation. The data is transferred to the MPU by reading the DOR with the next instruction (the contents of DOR are output to the data bus when E is at the high level). The DR are registers used to store dot information such as character pitches and the number of vertical dots, and so on. The information sent from the MPU is written into the DR via the DIR. The MCR is a 6-bit register used to store the data which specifies states of display such as display on/off and cursor on/off/blink. The information sent from the MPU is written in it via the DIR. Busy Flag (BF) The busy flag = 1 indicates the HD61830 is performing an internal operation. Instructions cannot be accepted. As shown in Control Instruction, read busy flag, the busy flag is output on DB7 under the conditions of RS = 1, R/W = 1, and E = 1. Make sure the busy flag is 0 before writing the next instruction. Dot Counters (DC) The dot counters are counters that generate liquid crystal display timing according to the contents of DR. 7 HD61830/HD61830B Refresh Address Counters (RAC1/RAC2) The refresh address counters, RAC1 and RAC2, control the addresses of external RAM, character generator ROM (CGROM), and extended external ROM. The RAC1 is used for the upper half of the screen and the RAC2 for the lower half. In the graphic mode, 16-bit data is output and used as the address signal of external RAM. In the character mode, the high order 4 bits (MA12–MA15) are ignored. The 4 bits of line address counter are output instead and used as the address of extended ROM. Character Generator ROM The character generator ROM has 7360 bits in total and stores 192 types of character data. A character code (8 bits) from the external RAM and a line code (4 bits) from the line address counter are applied to its address signals, and it outputs 5-bit dot data. The character font is 5 × 7 (160 characters) or 5 × 11 (32 characters). The use of extended ROM allows 8 × 16 (256 characters max.) to be used. Cursor Address Counter The cursor address counter is a 16-bit counter that can be preset by instruction. It holds an address when the data of external RAM is read or written (when display dot data or a character code is read or written). The value of the cursor address counter is automatically increased by 1 after the display data is read or written and after the set/clear bit instruction is executed. Cursor Signal Generator The cursor can be displayed by instruction in character mode. The cursor is automatically generated on the display specified by the cursor address and cursor position. Parallel/Serial Conversion The parallel data sent from the external RAM, character generator ROM, or extended ROM is converted into serial data by two parallel/serial conversion circuits and transferred to the liquid crystal driver circuits for upper screen and lower screen simultaneously. 8 HD61830/HD61830B Display Control Instructions Display is controlled by writing data into the instruction register and 13 data registers. The RS signal distinguishes the instruction register from the data registers. 8-bit data is written into the instruction register with RS = 1, and the data register code is specified. After that, the 8-bit data is written in the data register and the specified instruction is executed with RS = 0. During the execution of the instruction, no new instruction can be accepted. Since the busy flag is set during this, read the busy flag and make sure it is 0 before writing the next instruction. 1. Mode Control: (Execution time: 4 µs) Code H'00 (hexadecimal) written into the instruction register specifies the mode control register. DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 Instruction reg. 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mode control reg. 0 0 0 0 Mode data Cursor/blink CG DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 1/0 1/0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Cursor on 1 0 Cursor off, character blink 1 1 Cursor blink 0 0 0 1 Cursor on 1 0 Cursor off, character blink 1 1 Cursor blink 0 0 1 0 Master/slave DB4 Display ON/OFF DB5 Ext./Int. CG DB7 Graphic/character mode RS Cursor R/W Blink 1 Internal CG Cursor off Graphic/character display Character display (Character mode) Cursor off External CG Register Graphic mode 1: Master mode 0: Slave mode 1: Display ON 0: Display OFF 9 HD61830/HD61830B 2. Set Character Pitch: (Execution time: 4 µs) Vp indicates the number of vertical dots per character. The space between the vertically-displayed characters is included in the determination. This value is meaningful only during character display (in the character mode) and becomes invalid in the graphic mode. H p indicates the number of horizontal dots per character in display, including the space between horizontally-displayed characters. In the graphic mode, the Hp indicates the number of bits of 1-byte display data to be displayed. There are three Hp values (Table 1). Register R/W RS DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 Instruction reg. 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Character pitch reg. 0 0 Table 1 (Vp – 1) binary 0 Hp Values Hp DB2 DB1 DB0 Horizontal Character Pitch 6 1 0 1 6 7 1 1 0 7 8 1 1 1 8 10 (Hp – 1) binary HD61830/HD61830B 3. Set Number of Characters: (Execution time: 4 µs) HN indicates the number of horizontal characters in the character mode or the number of horizontal bytes in the graphic mode. If the total sum of horizontal dots on the screen is taken as n, n = Hp × HN HN can be set to an even number from 2 to 128 (decimal). Register R/W RS DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 Instruction reg. 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Number-of-characters reg. 0 0 0 (HN – 1) binary 4. Set Number of Time Divisions (Inverse of Display Duty Ratio): (Execution time: 4 µs) NX indicates the number of time divisions in multiplex display. 1/NX is the display duty ratio. A value of 1 to 128 (decimal) can be set to NX. Register R/W RS DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 Instruction reg. 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Number-of-time-divisions reg. 0 0 0 (NX – 1) binary 5. Set Cursor Position: (Execution time: 4 µs) Cp indicates the position in a character where the cursor is displayed in the character mode. For example, in 5 × 7 dot font, the cursor is displayed under a character by specifying C p = 8 (decimal). The cursor horizontal length is equal to the horizontal character pitch H p. A value of 1 to 16 (decimal) can be set to Cp. If a smaller value than the vertical character pitch Vp is set (Cp ≤ Vp), and a character overlaps with the cursor, the cursor has higher priority of display (at cursor display on). If Cp is greater than Vp, no cursor is displayed. The cursor horizontal length is equal to Hp. Register R/W RS DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 Instruction reg. 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Cursor position reg. 0 0 0 0 0 0 (Cp – 1) binary 11 HD61830/HD61830B 6. Set Display Start Low Order Address: (Execution time: 4 µs) Cause display start addresses to be written in the display start address registers. The display start address indicates a RAM address at which the data displayed at the top left end on the screen is stored. In the graphic mode, the start address is composed of high/low order 16 bits. In the character display, it is composed of the lower 4 bits of high order address (DB3–DB0) and 8 bits of low order address. The upper 4 bits of high order address are ignored. Register R/W RS DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 Instruction reg. 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Display start address reg. (low order byte) 0 0 (Start low order address) binary Set Display Start High Order Address Register R/W RS DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 Instruction reg. 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Display start address reg. (high order byte) 0 0 (Start high order address) binary 7. Set Cursor Address (Low Order) (RAM Write Low Order Address): (Execution time: 4 µs) Cause cursor addresses to be written in the cursor address counters. The cursor address indicates an address for sending or receiving display data and character codes to or from the RAM. That is, data at the address specified by the cursor address are read/written. In the character mode, the cursor is displayed at the character specified by the cursor address. A cursor address consists of the low-order address (8 bits) and the high-order address (8 bits). Satisfy the following requirements setting the cursor address (Table 2). The cursor address counter is a 16-bit up-counter with set and reset functions. When bit N changes from 1 to 0, bit N + 1 is incremented by 1. When setting the low order address, the LSB (bit 1) of the high order address is incremented by 1 if the MSB (bit 8) of the low order address changes from 1 to 0. Therefore, set both the low order address and the high order address as shown in the Table 2. Register R/W RS DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 Instruction reg. 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 Cursor address counter (low order byte) 0 0 12 (Cursor low order address) binary HD61830/HD61830B Set Cursor Address (High Order) (RAM Write High Order Address) Register R/W RS DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 Instruction reg. 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 Cursor address counter (high order byte) 0 0 Table 2 (Cursor high order address) binary Cursor Address Setting Condition Requirement When you want to rewrite (set ) both the low order address and the high order address. Set the low order address and then set the high order address. When you want to rewrite only the low order address. Do not fail to set the high order address again after setting the low order address. When you want to rewrite only the high order address. Set the high order address. You do not have to set the low order address again. 13 HD61830/HD61830B 8. Write Display Data: (Execution time: 6 µs) After the code $“0C” is written into the instruction register with RS = 1, 8-bit data with RS = 0 should be written into the data register. This data is transferred to the RAM specified by the cursor address as display data or character code. The cursor address is increased by 1 after this operation. Register R/W RS DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 Instruction reg. 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 RAM 0 0 MSB (pattern data, character code) LSB 9. Read Display Data: (Execution time: 6 µs) Data can be read from the RAM with RS = 0 after writing code $“0D” into the instruction register. Figure 1 shows the read procedure. This instruction outputs the contents of data output register on the data bus (DB0 to DB7) and then transfers RAM data specified by the cursor address to the data output register, also increasing the cursor address by 1. After setting the cursor address, correct data is not output at the first read but at the second one. Thus, make one dummy read when reading data after setting the cursor address. Register R/W RS DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 Instruction reg. 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 RAM 1 0 B OB MSB (pattern data, character code) LSB CS E R/W RS B DB 0A Busy Cursor check address set mode Cursor address NL Cursor Busy low check order address write Cursor address set mode NL NU B Cursor Busy high check order address write 0D Data read mode * Dummy read N Data output register (N) B (N+1) Busy N check address data read Busy N + 1 check address data read N+1 N+2 N+3 N address data N + 1 address data N + 2 ... Figure 1 Read Procedure 14 B HD61830/HD61830B 10. Clear Bit: (Execution time: 36 µs) The clear/set bit instruction sets 1 bit in a byte of display data RAM to 0 or 1, respectively. The position of the bit in a byte is specified by NB and RAM address is specified by cursor address. After the execution of the instruction, the cursor address is automatically increased by 1. NB is a value from 1 to 8. NB = 1 and NB = 8 indicates LSB and MSB, respectively. Register R/W RS DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 Instruction reg. 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 Bit clear reg. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W RS DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 Instruction reg. 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 Bit set reg. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (NB – 1) binary Set Bit Register (NB – 1) binary 11. Read Busy Flag: (Execution time: 0 µs) When the read mode is set with RS = 1, the busy flag is output to DB7. The busy flag is set to 1 during the execution of any of the other instructions. After the execution, it is set to 0. The next instruction can be accepted. No instruction can be accepted when busy flag = 1. Before executing an instruction or writing data, perform a busy flag check to make sure the busy flag is 0. When data is written in the register (RS = 1), no busy flag changes. Thus, no busy flag check is required just after the write operation into the instruction register with RS = 1. The busy flag can be read without specifying any instruction register. Register R/W RS DB7 Busy flag 1 1 1/0 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 * 15 HD61830/HD61830B Hp RD7 NX Cp Vp RD0 CURA STA HN (digit) Symbol Name Meaning Value Hp Horizontal character pitch Horizontal character pitch 6 to 8 dots HN Number of horizontal characters Number of horizontal characters per line (number of digits) in the character mode or number of bytes per line in the graphic mode 2 to 128 digits (an even number) Vp Vertical character pitch Vertical character pitch 1 to 16 dots Cp Cursor position Line number on which the cursor can be displayed 1 to 16 lines NX Number of time divisions Inverse of display duty ratio 1 to 128 lines Note: If the number of vertical dots on the screen is m, and the number of horizontal dots is n, 1/m = 1/NX = display duty ratio n = Hp × HN, m/Vp = Number of display lines Cp ≤ Vp Figure 2 Display Variables 16 Character code (8 bits) Display pattern (8 bits) Graphic Display Data from MPU Character display Display Mode Start address Start address 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 RAM b0 A C Hp 8 dots Hp: 8 dots 8 dots b7 Hp: 6, 7, or 8 dots B Hp Liquid Crystal Display Panel HD61830/HD61830B Display Mode 17 HD61830/HD61830B Internal Character Generator Patterns and Character Codes Lower 4 bits Higher 4 bits xxxx0000 xxxx0001 xxxx0010 xxxx0011 xxxx0100 xxxx0101 xxxx0110 xxxx0111 xxxx1000 xxxx1001 xxxx1010 xxxx1011 xxxx1100 xxxx1101 xxxx1110 xxxx1111 18 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 HD61830/HD61830B Example of Correspondence between External CGROM Address Data and Character Pattern 8 × 8 Dot Font A10 0 0 0 1 A 9 0 0 0 1 A 8 0 0 1 1 A 7 0 1 0 1 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 × 16 Dot Font A11 0 0 A10 0 0 A 9 0 0 A 8 0 1 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 19 HD61830/HD61830B Example of Configuration Graphic Mode or Character Mode (1) (Internal Character Generator) HD61830 HD61830B MPU Liquid crystal display module MA0 –MA15 at graphic mode, MA0 –MA11 at character mode MD0–MD7 RAM Character Mode (2) (External Character Generator) HD61830 HD61830B MPU MA12– RD0–RD7 MA15 ROM 20 MD0 – MD7 Liquid crystal display module MA0–MA11 RAM HD61830/HD61830B Parallel Operation (HD61830) (Master) MPU HD61830 (1) CS CPO SYNC RAM Liquid crystal Liquid crystal display module (1) display module (2) Driving both of two module by same common signal CR SYNC HD61830 (2) CS (Slave) RAM Parallel Operation (HD61830B) (Master) MPU HD61830B (1) CS SYNC RAM Liquid crystal Liquid crystal display module (1) display module (2) Driving both of two module by same common signal SYNC HD61830B (2) CS (Slave) RAM 21 HD61830/HD61830B HD61830 Application (Character Mode, External CG, Character Font 8 × 8) HD61830 HD6800 A0 A12 A13 A14 A15 VMA D0 to D7 ø2 DB0 to DB7 E R/W R/W CS A0–A2 VCC D1 FLM MB CL1 CL2 D2 MA SYNC CPO RES R C D0 to D7 A3 –A10 ROM HN462716 OE CE D1 FLM M CL1 CL2 D2 +5 V GND –5 V V0 Open CR C R +5 V GND –5 V OE RAM (2) A0 HM6116 to A10 CS MA11 MA12 to MA14 MA15 MD0 to MD7 RD0 to RD7 Open WE WE OE A0 RAM (1) HM6116 to A10 CS WE MA0 to MA10 RS LCD module HD61830 Application (Graphic Mode) DB0–DB7 CS E RS R/W RES HD61830 controller D1 D2 Segment driver CL1, CL2 MB, FLM MA0 – MA15 MD0–MD7 WE RAM 16 kbits CMOS LCD Segment driver GND VDD (5 V) VEE (–5 V) 22 Segment driver Common driver HD6800 MPU V1 – V6 Power supply for liquid crystal display drive Segment driver HD61830/HD61830B HD61830B Application (Character Mode, External CG, Character Font 8 × 8) HD6303 HD61830B A0 RS A1 to A15 CS OE CE MA11 MA12 to MA15 MD0 to MD7 Decoder D0 to D7 DB0 to DB7 E E R/W R/W OE WE D0 A0 RAM (1) to to HM6116 D7 A10 CS WE MA0 to MA10 A0–A3 RD0 to RD7 Open VCC External clock D1 FLM MB CL1 CL2 D2 MA SYNC RES CR D0 to D7 WE A0 RAM (2) HM6116 to A10 OE D0 to D7 CS A4–A11 ROM HN482732A OE CE D1 FLM M CL1 CL2 D2 +5 V GND –5 V Open LCD module V0 +5 V GND –5 V HD61830B Application (Graphic Mode) D1 DB0 –DB7 HD61830B controller CS E RS R/W RES Segment driver D2 Segment driver CL1, CL2 MB, FLM MA0 – MA15 OE CE MD0–MD7 WE RAM 16 kbits CMOS Common driver HD6303 MPU LCD Segment driver GND Segment driver V1 – V6 Power supply for liquid crystal display drive VDD (5 V) VEE (–5 V) 23 HD61830/HD61830B HD61830 Absolute Maximum Ratings Item Symbol Value Unit Notes Supply voltage VCC –0.3 to +0.7 V 1, 2 Terminal voltage VT –0.3 to VCC +0.3 V 1, 2 Operating temperature Topr –20 to +75 °C Storage temperature Tstg –55 to +125 °C Notes: 1. All voltages are referenced to GND = 0 V. 2. If LSIs are used beyond absolute maximum ratings, they may be permanently destroyed. We strongly recommend that you use the LSIs within electrical characteristic limits for normal operation, because use beyond these conditions will cause malfunction and poor reliability. 24 HD61830/HD61830B HD61830 Electrical Characteristics (VCC = 5 V ±10%, GND = 0 V, T a = –20 to +75°C) Item Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Test Condition Notes Input high voltage (TTL) VIH 2.2 — VCC V 1 Input low voltage (TTL) VIL 0 — 0.8 V 2 Input high voltage VIHR 3.0 — VCC V 3 Input high voltage (CMOS) VIHC 0.7 VCC — VCC V 4 Input low voltage (CMOS) VILC 0 — 0.3 VCC V 4 Output high voltage (TTL) VOH 2.4 — VCC V –I OH = 0.6 mA 5 Output low voltage (TTL) VOL 0 — 0.4 V I OL = 1.6 mA 5 Output high voltage (CMOS) VOHC VCC – 0.4 — VCC V –I OH = 0.6 mA 6 Output low voltage (CMOS) VOLC 0 — 0.4 V I OL = 0.6 mA 6 Input leakage current I IN –5 — 5 µA VIN = 0 – VCC 7 Three-state leakage current I TSL –10 — 10 µA VOUT = 0 – VCC 8 Power dissipation (1) PW 1 — 10 15 mW CR oscillation f osc = 500 kHz 9 Power dissipation (2) PW 2 — 20 30 mW External clock f cp = 1 MHz 9 Internal clock operation (Clock oscillation frequency) f osc 400 500 600 kHz Cf = 15 pF ±5% 10 Rf = 39 kΩ ±2% External clock operation (External clock operating frequency) f cp 100 500 1100 kHz 11 External clock duty Duty 47.5 50 52.5 % 11 External clock rise time t rcp — — 0.05 µs 11 External clock fall time t fcp — — 0.05 µs 11 Pull-up current I PL 2 10 20 µA VIN = GND 12 Notes: The I/O terminals have the following configuration: 1. Applied to input terminals and I/O common terminals, except terminals SYNC, CR, and RES. 2. Applied to input terminals and I/O common terminals, except terminals SYNC and CR. 3. Applied to terminal RES. 4. Applied to terminals SYNC and CR. 5. Applied to terminals DB0–DB7, WE, MA0–MA15, and MD0–MD7. 6. Applied to terminals SYNC, CP0, FLM, CL1, CL2, D1, D2, MA, and MB. 7. Applied to input terminals. 8. Applied to I/O common terminals. However, the current which flows into the output drive MOS is excluded. 25 HD61830/HD61830B PW (mW) 9. The current which flows into the input and output circuits is excluded. When the input of CMOS is in the intermediate level, current flows through the input circuit, resulting in the increase of power supply current. To avoid this, input must be fixed at high or low. The relationship between the operating frequency and the power dissipation is given below. 50 Max 40 30 Typ 20 10 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 fOSC (kHz) 10. Applied to the operation of the internal oscillator when oscillation resistor Rf and oscillation capacity Cf are used. Cf = 15 pF ±5% Rf = 39 kΩ ±2% (when fOSC = 500 kHz typ) R Rf C Cf CR The relationship among oscillation frequency, R f and Cf is given below. Ta = 25°C, VCC = 5 V fOSC (kHz) 800 600 400 Cf = 10 pF Cf = 15 pF 200 0 26 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Rf (kΩ) HD61830/HD61830B 11. Applied to external clock operation. TI Th Open R Open C Oscillator 0.7 VCC 0.5 VCC 0.3 VCC CR Duty cycle = trcp tfcp Th × 100% Th + TI 12. Applied to SYNC, DB0–DB7, and RD0–RD7. 27 HD61830/HD61830B Input Terminal Applicable terminal: CS, E, RS, R/W, RES, CR (without pull-up MOS) VCC PMOS NMOS Applicable terminal: RD0–RD7 (with pull-up MOS) VCC PMOS VCC PMOS (Pull-up MOS) NMOS 28 HD61830/HD61830B Output Terminal Applicable terminal: CL1, CL2, MA, MB, FLM, D1, D2, WE, CPO, MA0–MA15 VCC PMOS NMOS I/O Common Terminal Applicable terminal: DB0–DB7, SYNC, MD0–MD7 (MD0–MD7 have no pull-up MOS) VCC PMOS VCC PMOS VCC (Pull-up MOS) Enable NMOS PMOS Data Input circuit NMOS Output circuit (Three state) 29 HD61830/HD61830B Timing Characteristics HD61830 MPU Interface (V CC = 5 V ±10%, GND = 0 V, Ta = –20 to +75°C) Item Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Enable cycle time t CYC 1.0 — — µs High level t WEH 0.45 — — µs Low level t WEL 0.45 — — µs Enable rise time t Er — — 25 ns Enable fall time t Ef — — 25 ns Setup time t AS 140 — — ns Data setup time t DSW 225 — — ns Data delay time t DDR — — 225 ns * Data hold time t DHW 10 — — ns Address hold time t AH 10 — — ns Output data hold time t DH 20 — — ns Enable pulse width Note: * The following load circuit is connected for specification: tCYC tWEH tWEL 2.2 V E 0.8 V tEr tEf tAS tAH 2.2 V CS, R/W, RS 0.8 V tDSW tDHW 2.2 V 0.8 V DB0–DB7 (MPU→HD61830) tDDR DB0–DB7 (MPU←HD61830) tDH 2.4 V 0.4 V VCC D1 RL Test point D2 R 30 C D3 D4 RL = 2.4 kΩ R = 11 kΩ C = 130 pF (C includes jig capacitance) Diodes D1 to D4 : 1S2074 H HD61830/HD61830B HD61830 External RAM and ROM Interface (VCC = 5 V ±10%, GND = 0 V, Ta = –20 to +75°C) Item Symbol Min Typ Max Unit SYNC delay time t DSY — — 200 ns t WSY 900 — — ns t CCPO 900 — — ns High level t WCPOH 450 — — ns Low level t WCPOL 450 — — ns MA0 to MA15 refresh delay time t DMAR — — 200 ns MA0 to MA15 write address delay time t DMAW — — 200 ns MD0 to MD7 write data delay time t DMDW — — 200 ns MD0 to MD7, RD0 to RD7 setup time t SMD 900 — — ns Memory address setup time t SMAW 250 — — ns Memory data setup time t SMDW 250 — — ns WE delay time t DWE — — 200 ns WE pulse width (low level) t WWE 450 — — ns SYNC pulse width Low level CPO cycle time CPO pulse width SYNC tDSY 1 V 2 CC tWSY tCCPO 1 V 2 CC CPO tWCPOL tWCPOH 2.4 V 0.4 V MA0–MA15 tDMAR tDMAR MD0–MD7 * 2.2 V 0.8 V tSMD RD0–RD7 tDMAW tSMAW * 2.2 V 0.8 V * tDMDW 2.4 V 0.4 V tSMDW 2.2 V 0.8 V tSMD * 2.4 V 0.4 V WE tDWE tWWE Notes: 1. No load is applied to all the output terminals. 2. “*” indicates the delay time of RAM and ROM. 31 HD61830/HD61830B HD61830 LCD Driver Interface (VCC = 5 V ±10%, GND = 0 V, Ta = –20 to +75°C) Item Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Clock pulse width (high level) t WCL1 450 — — ns Clock delay time t DCL2 — — 200 ns Clock cycle time t WCL2 900 — — ns High level t WCH 450 — — ns Low level t WCL 450 — — ns MA, MB delay time t DM — — 300 ns FLM delay time t DF — — 300 ns Data delay time t DD — — 200 ns Data setup time t SD 250 — — ns Clock pulse width Note: No load is applied to all the output terminals (MA, MB, FLM, D1, and D2). tWCL1 CL1 1V 2 CC tWCL2 tDCL2 1V 2 CC CL2 tWCH 1V 2 CC MA, MB tDM tDF FLM 1V 2 CC D1 tDD D2 32 tWCL tSD 1V 2 CC HD61830/HD61830B HD61830B Absolute Maximum Ratings Item Symbol Value Unit Notes Supply voltage VCC –0.3 to +0.7 V 1, 2 Terminal voltage VT –0.3 to VCC +0.3 V 1, 2 Operating temperature Topr –20 to +75 °C Storage temperature Tstg –55 to +125 °C Notes: 1. All voltage is referred to GND = 0 V. 2. If LSIs are used beyond absolute maximum ratings, they may be permanently destroyed. We strongly recommend that you use the LSIs within electrical characteristic limits for normal operation, because use beyond these conditions will cause malfunction and poor reliability. 33 HD61830/HD61830B HD61830B Electrical Characteristics (VCC = 5V ±10%, GND = 0V, T a = –20 to +75°C) Item Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Test Condition Notes Input high voltage (TTL) VIH 2.2 — VCC V 1 Input low voltage (TTL) VIL 0 — 0.8 V 2 Input high voltage VIHR 3.0 — VCC V 3 Input high voltage (CMOS) VIHC 0.7 VCC — VCC V 4 Input low voltage (CMOS) VILC 0 — 0.3 VCC V 4 Output high voltage (TTL) VOH 2.4 — VCC V –I OH = 0.6 mA 5 Output low voltage (TTL) VOL 0 — 0.4 V I OL = 1.6 mA 5 Output high voltage (CMOS) VOHC VCC – 0.4 — VCC V –I OH = 0.6 mA 6 Output low voltage (CMOS) VOLC 0 — 0.4 V I OI = 0.6 mA 6 Input leakage current I IN –5 — 5 µA VIN = 0 – VCC 7 Three-state leakage current I TSL –10 — 10 µA VOUT = 0 – VCC 8 Pull-up current I PL 2 10 20 µA Vin = GND 9 Power dissipation PW — — 50 mW External clock f cp = 2.4 MHz 10 Applied to input terminals and I/O common terminals, except terminals SYNC, CR, and RES. Applied to input terminals and I/O common terminals, except terminals SYNC and CR. Applied to terminal RES. Applied to terminals SYNC and CR. Applied to terminals DB0–DB7, WE, MA0–MA15, OE, CE, and MD0–MD7. Applied to terminals SYNC, FLM, CL1, CL2, D1, D2, MA, and MB. Applied to input terminals. Applied to I/O common terminals. However, the current which flows into the output drive MOS is excluded. 9. Applied to SYNC, DB0–DB7, and RD0–RD7. 10. The current which flows into the input and output circuits is excluded. When the input of CMOS is in the intermediate level, current flows through the input circuit, resulting in the increase of power supply current. To avoid this, input must be fixed at high or low. Notes: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 34 HD61830/HD61830B Input Terminal Applicable terminal: CS, E, RS, R/W, RES, CR (without pull-up MOS) VCC PMOS NMOS Applicable terminal: RD0–RD7 (with pull-up MOS) VCC PMOS VCC PMOS (Pull-up MOS) NMOS 35 HD61830/HD61830B Output Terminal Applicable terminal: CL1, CL2, MA, MB, FLM, D1, D2, WE, OE, CE, MA0–MA15 VCC PMOS NMOS I/O Common Terminal Applicable terminal: DB0–DB7, SYNC, MD0–MD7 (MD0–MD7 have no pull-up MOS) VCC VCC PMOS PMOS VCC (Pull-up MOS) Enable PMOS NMOS Data Input circuit NMOS Output circuit (Three state) 36 HD61830/HD61830B Timing Characteristics HD61830B Clock Operation (V CC = 5 V ±10%, GND = 0V, Ta = –20 to +75°C) Item Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Notes External clock operating frequency f cp 100 — 2400 kHz 1 External clock duty Duty 47.5 50 52.5 % 1 External clock rise time t rcp — — 25.0 ns 1 External clock fall time t fcp — — 25.0 ns 1 SYNC output hold time t HSYO 30 — — ns 2, 3 SYNC output delay time t DSY — — 210 ns 2, 3 SYNC input hold time t HSYI 10 — — ns 2 SYNC input set-up time t SSY — — 180 ns 2 Th Tl Notes: 1. Applied to external clock input terminal. 0.7 VCC 0.5 VCC 0.3 VCC Oscillator CR tfcp trcp Duty cycle = Th Th + Tl × 100% 2. Applied to SYNC terminal. 0.7 VCC CR 0.3 VCC tDSY tHSYO SYNC (Output: at master mode) SYNC (Input: at slave mode) tDSY tHSYO 0.7 VCC 0.3 VCC tHSYI tSSY tHSYI tSSY 0.7 VCC 0.3 VCC 3. Testing load circuit. Test point CL CL = 30 pF (CL includes jig capacitance) 37 HD61830/HD61830B HD61830B MPU Interface (VCC = 5V ±10%, GND = 0V, Ta = –20 to +75°C) Item Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Enable cycle time t CYC 1.0 — — µs High level t WEH 0.45 — — µs Low level t WEL 0.45 — — µs Enable rise time t Er — — 25 ns Enable fall time t Ef — — 25 ns Setup time t AS 140 — — ns Data setup time t DSW 225 — — ns Data delay time t DDR — — 225 ns * Data hold time t DHW 10 — — ns Address hold time t AH 10 — — ns Output data hold time t DH 20 — — ns Enable pulse width Note: * The following load circuit is connected for specification: tCYC tWEH tWEL 2.2V E 0.8V tEr tEf tAS tAH 2.2V CS, R/W, RS 0.8V tDSW tDHW 2.2V 0.8V DB0–DB7 (MPU→HD61830B) tDDR DB0–DB7 (MPU←HD61830B) tDH 2.4V 0.4V VCC D1 RL Test point D2 R C D3 D4 38 RL = 2.4 kΩ R = 11 kΩ C = 130 pF (C includes jig capacitance) Diodes D1 to D4 : 1S2074 H HD61830/HD61830B HD61830B External RAM and ROM Interface (VCC = 5V ±10%, GND = 0V, Ta = –20 to +75°C) Item Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Notes MA0–MA15 delay time t DMA — — 300 ns 1, 2, 3 MA0–MA15 hold time t HMA 40 — — ns 1, 2, 3 CE delay time t DCE — — 300 ns 1, 2, 3 CE hold time t HCE 40 — — ns 1, 2, 3 OE delay time t DOE — — 300 ns 1, 3 OE hold time t HOE 40 — — ns 1, 3 MD output delay time t DMD — — 150 ns 1, 3 MD output hold time t HMDW 10 — — ns 1, 3 WE delay time t DWE — — 150 ns 1, 3 WE clock pulse width t WWE 150 — — ns 1, 3 MD output high impedance time (1) t ZMDF 10 — — ns 1, 3 MD output high impedance time (2) t ZMDR 50 — — ns 1, 3 RD data set-up time t SRD 50 — — ns 2 RD data hold time t HRD 40 — — ns 2 MD data set-up time t SMD 50 — — ns 2 MD data hold time t HMD 40 — — ns 2 Notes: 1. RAM write timing T1 T2 T3 T1 0.7 VCC CR 0.3 VCC tHCE CE 0.6V tDMA tHMA 2.4V 0.6V tDOE tHOE 2.4V 0.6V tDMA tHMA MA0–MA15 tDOE tHOE OE tDWE tZMDR WE tDMD MD0–MD7 (output) tDWE (High impedance) 2.4V 0.6V 2.4V 0.6V tWWE Valid data tZMDF 2.4V 0.6V tHMDW T1: Memory data refresh timing for upper screen T2: Memory data refresh timing for lower screen T3: Memory read/write timing 39 HD61830/HD61830B 2. ROM/RAM read timing T1 T2 T3 T1 CR (*1) a a (*1) tDCE tHCE tDCE tHCE b tDCE tHCE 2.4V CE 0.6V OE MA0–MA15 (*2) 0.6V (*2) tDMA tHMA tDMA tHMA 2.4V Address for the lower screen Address for upper screen 0.6V tSMD 2.2V MD0–MD7 (input) RD0–RD7 tHMD tSRD 2.2V tHRD Data for the upper screen 0.8V tSMD tSRD tHMA (*3) tHMD Data for the lower screen Data for the upper screen 0.8V tDMA tHMA tSMD tHMD (*4) tHRD Data for the lower screen Invalid data *1 This figures shows the timing for Hp = 8. For Hp = 7, time shown by “b” becomes zero. For Hp = 6, time shown by “a” and “b” become zero. Therefore, the number of clock pulses during T1 become 4, 3, or 2 in the case of Hp = 8, Hp = 7, or Hp = 6 respectively. *2 The waveform for instructions with memory read is shown with a dash line. In other cases, the waveform shown with a solid line is generated. *3 When an instruction with RAM read/write is executed, the value of cursor address is output. In other cases, invalid data is output. *4 When an instruction with RAM read is executed, HD61830B latches the data at this timing. In other cases, this data is invalid. 3. Test load circuit VCC D1 RL Test point D2 R C D3 D4 40 RL = 2.4 kΩ R = 11 kΩ C = 50 pF (C includes jig capacitance) Diodes D1 to D4 : 1S2074 H HD61830/HD61830B HD61830B LCD Driver Interface (VCC = 5V ±10%, GND = 0V, Ta = –20 to +75°C) Item Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Notes Clock cycle time t WCL2 416 — — ns 1, 3 Clock pulse width(high level) t WCH 150 — — ns 1, 3 Clock pulse width(low level) t WCL 150 — — ns 1, 3 Data delay time t DD — — 50 ns 1, 3 Data hold time t DH 100 — — ns 1, 3 Clock phase difference (1) t CL1 100 — — ns 1, 3 Clock phase difference (2) t CL2 100 — — ns 1, 3 Clock phase difference (3) t CL3 100 — — ns 1, 3 MA, MB delay time t DM –200 — 200 ns 1, 3 FLM set-up time t SF 400 — — ns 2, 3 FLM hold time t HF 1000 — — ns 2, 3 MA set-up time t SMA 400 — — ns 2, 3 MA hold time t HMA 1000 — — ns 2, 3 41 HD61830/HD61830B Notes: 1. tWCL2 tWCH tWCL 0.7 VCC 0.3 VCC CL2 tCL1 tCL2 tCL3 0.7 VCC 0.3 VCC t WCH CL1 tDH tDD D1, D2 0.7 VCC 0.3 VCC tDM 0.7 VCC 0.3 VCC MA, MB 2. 0.7 VCC 0.3 VCC CL1 tSF tHF tSMA tHMA 0.7 VCC 0.3 VCC FLM 0.7 VCC 0.3 VCC MA 3. Test load circuit Test point CL 42 CL = 100 pF (CL includes jig capacitance) HD61830/HD61830B Cautions 1. Hitachi neither warrants nor grants licenses of any rights of Hitachi’s or any third party’s patent, copyright, trademark, or other intellectual property rights for information contained in this document. Hitachi bears no responsibility for problems that may arise with third party’s rights, including intellectual property rights, in connection with use of the information contained in this document. 2. Products and product specifications may be subject to change without notice. Confirm that you have received the latest product standards or specifications before final design, purchase or use. 3. Hitachi makes every attempt to ensure that its products are of high quality and reliability. However, contact Hitachi’s sales office before using the product in an application that demands especially high quality and reliability or where its failure or malfunction may directly threaten human life or cause risk of bodily injury, such as aerospace, aeronautics, nuclear power, combustion control, transportation, traffic, safety equipment or medical equipment for life support. 4. Design your application so that the product is used within the ranges guaranteed by Hitachi particularly for maximum rating, operating supply voltage range, heat radiation characteristics, installation conditions and other characteristics. Hitachi bears no responsibility for failure or damage when used beyond the guaranteed ranges. Even within the guaranteed ranges, consider normally foreseeable failure rates or failure modes in semiconductor devices and employ systemic measures such as failsafes, so that the equipment incorporating Hitachi product does not cause bodily injury, fire or other consequential damage due to operation of the Hitachi product. 5. This product is not designed to be radiation resistant. 6. No one is permitted to reproduce or duplicate, in any form, the whole or part of this document without written approval from Hitachi. 7. Contact Hitachi’s sales office for any questions regarding this document or Hitachi semiconductor products. Hitachi, Ltd. Semiconductor & Integrated Circuits. Nippon Bldg., 2-6-2, Ohte-machi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan Tel: Tokyo (03) 3270-2111 Fax: (03) 3270-5109 URL NorthAmerica : http:semiconductor.hitachi.com/ Europe : http://www.hitachi-eu.com/hel/ecg Asia (Singapore) : http://www.has.hitachi.com.sg/grp3/sicd/index.htm Asia (Taiwan) : http://www.hitachi.com.tw/E/Product/SICD_Frame.htm Asia (HongKong) : http://www.hitachi.com.hk/eng/bo/grp3/index.htm Japan : http://www.hitachi.co.jp/Sicd/indx.htm For further information write to: Hitachi Semiconductor (America) Inc. 179 East Tasman Drive, San Jose,CA 95134 Tel: <1> (408) 433-1990 Fax: <1>(408) 433-0223 Hitachi Europe GmbH Electronic components Group Dornacher Straße 3 D-85622 Feldkirchen, Munich Germany Tel: <49> (89) 9 9180-0 Fax: <49> (89) 9 29 30 00 Hitachi Europe Ltd. Electronic Components Group. Whitebrook Park Lower Cookham Road Maidenhead Berkshire SL6 8YA, United Kingdom Tel: <44> (1628) 585000 Fax: <44> (1628) 778322 Hitachi Asia Pte. Ltd. 16 Collyer Quay #20-00 Hitachi Tower Singapore 049318 Tel: 535-2100 Fax: 535-1533 Hitachi Asia Ltd. Taipei Branch Office 3F, Hung Kuo Building. No.167, Tun-Hwa North Road, Taipei (105) Tel: <886> (2) 2718-3666 Fax: <886> (2) 2718-8180 Hitachi Asia (Hong Kong) Ltd. Group III (Electronic Components) 7/F., North Tower, World Finance Centre, Harbour City, Canton Road, Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong Tel: <852> (2) 735 9218 Fax: <852> (2) 730 0281 Telex: 40815 HITEC HX Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd., 1998. All rights reserved. Printed in Japan. 43