POWER OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS PA08 • PA08A HTTP://WWW.APEXMICROTECH.COM M I C R O T E C H N O L O G Y (800) 546-APEX (800) 546-2739 FEATURES • • • • WIDE SUPPLY RANGE — ±15V to ±150V PROGRAMMABLE OUTPUT CURRENT LIMIT HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT — Up to ±150mA LOW BIAS CURRENT — FET Input APPLICATIONS • • • • HIGH VOLTAGE INSTRUMENTATION ELECTROSTATIC TRANSDUCERS & DEFLECTION PROGRAMMABLE POWER SUPPLIES UP TO 290V ANALOG SIMULATORS TYPICAL APPLICATION +132V DESCRIPTION +132V The PA08 is a high voltage operational amplifier designed for output voltage swings of up to ±145V with a dual (±) supply or 290V with a single supply. High accuracy is achieved with a cascode input circuit configuration. All internal biasing is referenced to a zener diode fed by a FET constant current source. As a result, the PA08 features an unprecedented supply range and excellent supply rejection. The output stage is biased-on for linear operation. Internal phase compensation assures stability at all gain settings. The safe operating area (SOA) can be observed with all types of loads by choosing the appropriate current limiting resistors. For operation into inductive loads, two external flyback pulse protection diodes are recommended. A heatsink may be necessary to maintain the proper case temperature under normal operating conditions. This hybrid integrated circuit utilizes beryllia (BeO) substrate, thick film resistors, ceramic capacitors and semiconductor chips to maximize reliability, minimize size and give top performance. Ultrasonically bonded aluminum wires provide reliable interconnections at all operating temperatures. The 8-pin TO-3 package is hermetically sealed and electrically isolated. The use of compressible thermal isolation washers and/or improper mounting torque will void the product warranty. Please see “General Operating Considerations”. DAC 110K +VS ±1mA 8.2 Ω PA08 D.U.T. 8.2 Ω -VS -132V -132V ATE PIN DRIVER The PA08 as a pin driver is capable of supplying high test voltages to a device under test (DUT). Due to the possibility of short circuits to any terminal of the DUT, current limit must be set to be safe when limiting with a supply to output voltage differential equal to the amplifier supply plus the largest magnitude voltage applied to any other pin of the DUT. In addition, flyback diodes are recommended when the output of the amplifier exits any equipment enclosure to prevent damage due to electrostatic discharges. Refer to Application Note 7 for details on accuracy considerations of this circuit. EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS EQUIVALENT SCHEMATIC 3 7 D1 Q1 Q2 RT Q3 Q4 C3 Q5 Q9 1 C4 Q11 Q19 4 8 Q12A OUTPUT 4 Q12B –IN 5 Q17 8 CL– RS 6 –VS 5 OUT 1 TOP VIEW Q7 C2 Q10 +IN Q6 2 Q8 2 3 C1 R CL+ CL+ +VS 7 BAL R CL– RS = ( +V S + –VS )R T /1.6 NOTE: Input offset voltage trim optional. R T = 10K Ω MAX Q16 Q15 D2 6 APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION • TELEPHONE (520) 690-8600 • FAX (520) 888-3329 • ORDERS (520) 690-8601 • EMAIL [email protected] ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS SPECIFICATIONS PA08 • PA08A ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS SUPPLY VOLTAGE, +VS to –VS OUTPUT CURRENT, within SOA POWER DISSIPATION, internal at TC = 25°C INPUT VOLTAGE, differential INPUT VOLTAGE, common mode TEMPERATURE, pin solder - 10s max TEMPERATURE, junction1 TEMPERATURE RANGE, storage OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE, case SPECIFICATIONS PARAMETER 300V 200mA 17.5W ±50V ±VS 300°C 200°C –65 to +150°C –55 to +125°C PA08 TEST CONDITIONS 2 MIN PA08A TYP MAX ±.5 ±15 ±.5 ±75 5 .01 ±2.5 105 4 ±2 ±30 MIN TYP MAX UNITS ±.25 ±5 * * 3 * ±1.5 * * ±.5 ±10 2 * mV µV/°C µV/V µV/√kh pA pA/V pA MΩ pF V dB * * * * * dB dB MHz kHz ° * * * V V V mA V/µs nF INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE, initial OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. temperature OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. supply OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. time BIAS CURRENT, initial3 BIAS CURRENT, vs. supply OFFSET CURRENT, initial3 INPUT IMPEDANCE, DC INPUT CAPACITANCE COMMON MODE VOLTAGE RANGE4 COMMON MODE REJECTION, DC TC = 25°C TC = –25°C to +85°C TC = 25°C TC = 25°C TC = 25°C TC = 25°C TC = 25°C TC = 25°C TC = 25°C TC = –25°C to +85°C TC = –25°C to +85°C, VCM = ±90V ±VS–10 50 ±50 10 ±10 * 130 GAIN OPEN LOOP GAIN at 10Hz OPEN LOOP GAIN at 10Hz GAIN BANDWIDTH PRODUCT at 1MHz POWER BANDWIDTH PHASE MARGIN TC = 25°C, RL = ∞ TC = 25°C, RL = 1.2KΩ TC = 25°C, RL = 1.2KΩ TC = 25°C, RL = 1.2KΩ TC = –25 to +85°C 96 118 111 5 90 60 * OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING4 VOLTAGE SWING4 VOLTAGE SWING4 CURRENT, peak SLEW RATE CAPACITIVE LOAD, AV = 1 CAPACITIVE LOAD, AV > 4 SETTLING TIME to .1% TC = 25°C, IO = 150mA TC = –25o C to +85oC, IO = ±75mA TC = –25o C to +85oC, IO = ±20mA TC = 85°C TC = 25°C TC = –25 to +85°C TC = –25 to +85°C TC = 25°C, RL= 1.2KΩ, 2V step ±VS–15 ±VS–10 ±VS–5 150 ±VS–8 ±VS–5 ±VS–3 * * * * 20 30 * 10 SOA * * 1 * µs POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE CURRENT, quiescent TC = –55 to +125°C TC = 25°C ±15 ±100 6 ±150 8.5 3.8 6.0 30 6.5 * * * * * V mA * * * * °C/W °C/W °C/W °C THERMAL RESISTANCE, AC junction to case5 RESISTANCE, DC junction to case RESISTANCE, junction to air TEMPERATURE RANGE, case NOTES: * 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. CAUTION TC = –55 to +125°C, F > 60Hz TC = –55 to +125°C, F < 60Hz TC = –55 to +125°C Meets full range specification –25 85 * * The specification of PA08A is identical to the specification for PA08 in applicable column to the left. Long term operation at the maximum junction temperature will result in reduced product life. Derate power dissipation to achieve high MTTF. The power supply voltage specified under typical (TYP) applies unless otherwise noted. Doubles for every 10oC of temperature increase. +VS and –VS denote the positive and negative supply rail respectively. Rating applies only if output current alternates between both output transistors at a rate faster than 60Hz. The internal substrate contains beryllia (BeO). Do not break the seal. If accidentally broken, do not crush, machine, or subject to temperatures in excess of 850°C to avoid generating toxic fumes. APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION • 5980 NORTH SHANNON ROAD • TUCSON, ARIZONA 85741 • USA • APPLICATIONS HOTLINE: 1 (800) 546-2739 PA08 • PA08A CURRENT LIMIT 10 5 150 100 R CL = 10 Ω 50 0 0 0 -55 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 CASE TEMPERATURE, TC (°C) 25 50 75 100 125 150 TEMPERATURE, T(°C) SMALL SIGNAL RESPONSE PHASE, ϕ (°) 60 40 20 -20 –90 –120 –150 10 100 1K 10K .1M 1M 10M FREQUENCY, F (Hz) SLEW RATE 2 0 –2 –4 VIN = ±5V, t r = 100ns –6 0 COMMON MODE REJECTION 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 10 100 1K 10K .1M FREQUENCY, F (Hz) RL =1.2K Ω 1.4 1.2 1.0 .8 .6 .4 30 50 100 150 200 250 300 TOTAL SUPPLY VOLTAGE, VS (V) .5 1 1.5 2.0 2.5 TIME, t (µs) 1M TC 2 C = -25 °C 5°C =8 TC = -2 5°C 0 –2 –4 –6 30 50 100 150 200 250 300 TOTAL SUPPLY VOLTAGE, VS (V) POWER SUPPLY REJECTION 140 120 100 80 +VS 60 40 –VS 20 0 1 |+VS | + |–VS | = 300V 200 100 60 |+VS | + |–VS | = 100V 30 15 50K 10 100 1K 10K .1M 1M 10M FREQUENCY, F (Hz) 1.6 4 1 0 PULSE RESPONSE 6 140 –210 NORMALIZED SLEW RATE (X) 1 OUTPUT VOLTAGE, Vo (V) R L =1.2K Ω –180 0 T POWER RESPONSE –60 80 R L =1.2K Ω 4 300 –30 POWER SUPPLY REJECTION, PSR (dB) OPEN LOOP GAIN, AOL (dB) R L =1.2K Ω 100 6 PHASE RESPONSE 0 OUTPUT VOLTAGE, VO (VPP ) 15 R CL = 4.7 Ω 10 100 1K 10K .1M FREQUENCY, F (Hz) 1M INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE, VN (nV/ √ Hz) 20 200 COMMON MODE VOLTAGE, VCM (Vpp) 25 120 COMMON MODE REJECTION CMR (dB) OPEN LOOP GAIN 250 RELATIVE OPEN LOOP GAIN, A (dB) POWER DERATING 30 CURRENT LIMIT, I LIM (A) INTERNAL POWER DISSIPATION, P(W) TYPICAL PERFORMANCE GRAPHS .2M .3M .5M .7M 1M .1M FREQUENCY, F (Hz) INPUT NOISE 20 15 10 6 4 2 10 1K 100 10K FREQUENCY, F (Hz) .1M COMMON MODE VOLTAGE 300 |+VS | + |–V S | = 300V 200 100 60 30 |+VS | + |–VS | = 100V 15 10K 20K 50K .1M .2M .5M 1M FREQUENCY, F (Hz) APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION • TELEPHONE (520) 690-8600 • FAX (520) 888-3329 • ORDERS (520) 690-8601 • EMAIL [email protected] OPERATING CONSIDERATIONS PA08 • PA08A GENERAL Please read the “General Operating Considerations”, which covers stability, supplies, heatsinking, mounting, current limit, SOA interpretation, and specification interpretation. Additional information can be found in the application notes. For information on the package outline, heatsinks, and mounting hardware, see the “Package Outlines” and “Accessories” sections of the handbook. SAFE OPERATING AREA (SOA) The output stage of most power amplifiers has two distinct limitations: 1. The current handling capability of the transistor geometry and the wire bonds. 2. The second breakdown effect which occurs whenever the simultaneous collector current and collector-emitter voltage exceeds specified limits. OUTPUT CURRENT FROM +V S OR –VS (mA) 200 150 t= 100 80 t= ste ad s 5m INDUCTIVE LOADS Two external diodes as shown in Figure 1, are required to protect these amplifiers from flyback (kickback) pulses exceeding the supply voltages of the amplifier when driving inductive loads. For component selection, these external diodes must be very quick, such as ultra fast recovery diodes with no more than 200 nanoseconds of reverse recovery time. The diode will turn on to divert the flyback energy into the supply rails thus protecting the output transistors from destruction due to reverse bias. A note of caution about the supply. The energy of the flyback pulse must be absorbed by the power supply. As a result, a transient will be superimposed on the supply voltage, the magnitude of the transient being a function of its transient impedance and current sinking capability. If the supply voltage plus transient exceeds the maximum supply rating or if the AC impedance of the supply is unknown, it is best to clamp the output and the supply with a zener diode to absorb the transient. INPUT PROTECTION s ys 50 40 1m t= t = 200µ s 0.5 ms 3. The output stage is protected against transient flyback. However, for protection against sustained, high energy flyback, external fast-recovery diodes should be used. tat e 30 20 80 100 120 150 170 250 300 200 SUPPLY TO OUTPUT DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE (V) The input is protected against common mode voltages up to the supply rails and differential voltages up to ±50V. Increased protection against differential input voltages can be obtained by adding 2 resistors, 2 capacitors and 4 diode connected FETs as shown in Figure 2. Fig. 1 100pf/200V Fig. 2 +VS 150KΩ 1. Under transient conditions, the following capacitive and inductive loads are safe with the current limits set to the maximum: ±VS C(MAX) L(MAX) 150V .4µF 280mH 125V .9µF 380mH 100V 2µF 500mH 75V 10µF 1200mH 50V 100µF 13H 2. The amplifier can handle any EMF generating or reactive load and short circuits to the supply rails or simple shorts to common if the current limits are set as follows: ±VS SHORT TO ±VSC, C, L, OR EMF LOAD SHORT TO COMMON 150V 125V 100V 75V 50V 20mA 27mA 42mA 67mA 130mA 67mA 90mA 130mA 200mA 200mA _ +IN The SOA curves combine the effect of these limits. For a given application, the direction and magnitude of the output current should be calculated or measured and checked against the SOA curves. This is simple for resistive loads but more complex for reactive and EMF generating loads. However, the following guidelines may save extensive analytical efforts. IN4936 OR UES1106 Q1 Q2 –IN –VS PROTECTION, INDUCTIVE LOAD 150KΩ Q3 Q4 + 100pf/200V PROTECTION, OVERVOLTAGE CURRENT LIMITING Proper operation requires the use of two current limit resistors, connected as shown in the external connection diagram. The minimum value for RCL is 3.24Ω. However, for optimum reliability it should be set as high as possible. Refer to the “General Operating Considerations” section of the handbook for current limit adjust details. These simplified limits may be exceeded with further analysis using the operating conditions for a specific application. This data sheet has been carefully checked and is believed to be reliable, however, no responsibility is assumed for possible inaccuracies or omissions. All specifications are subject to change without notice. PA08U REV. I FEBRUARY 1998 © 1998 Apex Microtechnology Corp.