TI VSP2232

VSP2232
SLAS320 – MAY 2001
CCD SIGNAL PROCESSOR
FOR DIGITAL CAMERAS
FEATURES
D CCD Signal Processing
D
D
D
D
DESCRIPTION
The VSP2232 is a complete mixed-signal processing IC
for digital cameras that provides signal conditioning and
analog-to-digital conversion for the output of a CCD
array. The primary CCD channel provides correlated
double sampling (CDS) to extract the video information
from the pixels, a –6-dB to 42-dB gain with digital control
for varying illumination conditions, and black level
clamping for an accurate black level reference.
– Correlated Double Sampling (CDS)
– Programmable Black Level Clamping
Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA)
– –6-dB to 42-dB Gain Ranging
10-Bit Digital Data Output
– Up to 36-MHz Conversion Rate
– No Missing Codes
76-dB Signal-to-Noise Ratio
Portable Operation
– Low Voltage: 2.7 V to 3.6 V
– Low Power: 130 mW (typ) at 3.0 V
– Standby Mode: 6 mW
Input signal clamping and offset correction of the input
CDS is also performed. The stable gain control is linear
in dB. Additionally, the black level is quickly recovered
after gain change.
The VSP2232Y is pin-to-pin compatible with the
VSP2262Y (12-bit 20 MHz) one-chip product.
The VSP2232Y is available in a 48-pin LQFP package
and operates from a single 3-V/3.3-V supply.
VSP2232 block diagram
CLPDM
SHP SHD
SLOAD SCLK SDATA
RESET
ADCCK
DRVDD
VCC
Serial Interface
Input
Clamp
Timing Control
Correlated
Double
Sampling (CDS)
CCD
Output
Signal
Preblanking
PBLK
Programmable
Gain Amplifier –6 to 42 dB
(PGA)
Optical Black (OB)
Level Clamping
COB
CPLOB
B(0–11)
Analog-to-Digital
Converter
Output
Latch
12-Bit
Digital
Output
Reference Voltage Generator
BYPP2 BYP BYPM REFN CM
REFP
DRVGND
GNDA
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
Copyright  2001, Texas Instruments Incorporated
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments
standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include
testing of all parameters.
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1
VSP2232
SLAS320 – MAY 2001
PACKAGE/ORDERING INFORMATION
PRODUCT
PACKAGE
PACKAGE OUTLINE
NUMBER
SPECIFIED
TEMPERATURE RANGE
PACKAGE
MARKING
ORDERING
NUMBER†
VSP2232Y
48-pin LQFP
ZZ340
0_C to 85_C
VSP2232Y
VSP2232Y
VSP2232Y
48-pin LQFP
ZZ340
0_C to 85_C
VSP2232Y
VSP2232Y/2K
TRANSPORT
MEDIA
250 pcs. Tray
Tape and Reel
† This package is available taped and reeled. To order this packaging option, add an R suffix to the part number (e.g., VSP2232CDR.
DEMO BOARD ORDERING INFORMATION
PRODUCT
ORDERING NUMBER
VSP2232Y
DEM-VSP2232Y
pin assignments
CCDIN
BYPP2
COB
VCC
GNDA
GNDA
GNDA
GNDA
VCC
VCC
BYPM
BYP
48-PIN LQFP PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25
CM
REFP
REFN
VCC
GNDA
GNDA
NC
NC
RESET
SLOAD
SDATA
SCLK
37
24
38
23
39
22
40
21
41
20
42
19
43
18
44
17
45
16
46
15
47
14
13
48
2 3 4
5 6 7
8
9 10 11 12
B0(LSB)
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10
B11(MSB)
1
NC – No internal connection
2
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VCC
CLPDM
SHD
SHP
CLPOB
PBLK
VCC
GNDA
ADCCK
GNDA
DRVGND
DRVDD
VSP2232
SLAS320 – MAY 2001
Terminal Functions
TERMINAL
NAME
NO.
TYPE†
DESCRIPTION
ADCCK
16
DI
Master clock, See Note 1
B0(LSB)
1
DO
A/D converter output, Bit 0 (LSB)
B1
2
DO
A/D converter output, Bit 1
B2
3
DO
A/D converter output, Bit 2
B3
4
DO
A/D converter output, Bit 3
B4
5
DO
A/D converter output, Bit 4
B5
6
DO
A/D converter output, Bit 5
B6
7
DO
A/D converter output, Bit 6
B7
8
DO
A/D converter output, Bit 7
B8
9
DO
A/D converter output, Bit 8
B9
10
DO
A/D converter output, Bit 9
B10
11
DO
A/D converter output, Bit 10
B11(MSB)
12
DO
A/D converter output, Bit 11 (MSB)
BYP
31
AO
Internal reference C (bypass to ground), See Note 2
BYPM
32
AO
Internal reference N (bypass to ground), See Note 3
BYPP2
29
AO
Internal reference P (bypass to ground), See Note 3
CCDIN
30
AI
CCD signal input
CLPDM
23
DI
Dummy pixel clamp pulse (Default = Active low), See Note 4
CLPOB
20
DI
Optical black clamp pulse (Default = Active low), See Note 4
CM
37
AO
A/D converter common mode voltage (bypass to ground), See Note 2
COB
28
AO
Optical black clamp loop reference (bypass to ground), See Note 5
DRVDD
DRVGND
13
P
Power supply. Exclusively for digital output
14
P
Digital ground. Exclusively for digital output
15, 17, 25, 26, 35, 36,
41, 42
P
Analog ground
GNDA
NC
43, 44
Should be left open
PBLK
19
DI
Preblanking
High = Normal operation mode
Low = Preblanking mode: Digital output all zero
REFN
39
AO
A/D converter negative reference (bypass to ground), See Note 2
REFP
38
AO
A/D converter positive reference (bypass to ground), See Note 2
RESET
45
DI
Asynchronous system reset (active low)
SCLK
48
DI
Clock for serial data shift (triggered at the rising edge)
SDATA
47
DI
Serial data input
SHP
21
DI
CDS reference level sampling pulse (Default = Active low), See Note 4
SHD
22
DI
CDS Data level sampling pulse (Default = Active low), See Note 4
† Designators in TYPE Column: P–power supply and ground, DI–digital input, DO–digital output, AI–analog input, AO–analog output
NOTES: 1. There are two options to drive the A/D converter:
a). External drive mode: The master clock (ADCCK) drives A/D converter directly.
b). Internal drive mode: The clock internally generated by on-chip timing control circuit using SHP and SHD signals drives A/D
converter.
2. BYP, CM, REFN, and REFP should be connected to ground using a bypass capacitor (0.1 µF). Refer to voltage reference for details.
3. BYPM, BYPP2 should be connected to ground using a bypass capacitor with a recommend value of 200 pF to 600 pF. However,
this depends on the application environment. Refer to voltage reference for details.
4. Refer to serial interface for details.
5. COB should be connected to ground using a bypass capacitor with a recommend value of 0.1 µF to 0.22 µF. However, this depends
on the application environment. Refer to optical black level clamp loop for details.
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VSP2232
SLAS320 – MAY 2001
Terminal Functions (continued)
TERMINAL
NAME
SLOAD
TYPE†
NO.
46
DI
DESCRIPTION
Serial data latch signal (triggered at the rising edge)
VCC
18, 24, 27, 33, 34, 40
P
Analog power supply
† Designators in TYPE column: P–power supply and ground, DI–digital input, DO–digital output, AI–aAnalog input, AO–analog output
detailed description
introduction
The VSP2232 is a complete mixed-signal IC that contains all of the key features associated with the processing
of the CCD imager output signal in a video camera, a digital still camera, a security camera, or similar
applications. A simplified block diagram is shown on the front page of this data sheet. The VSP2232 includes
a correlated double sampler (CDS), a programmable gain amplifier (PGA), an analog-to-digital converter
(ADC), an input clamp, an optical black (OB) level clamp loop, a serial interface, a timing control, and a reference
voltage generator. We recommend an off-chip emitter follower buffer between the CCD output and the VSP2232
CCDIN input. The PGA gain control, the clock polarity setting, and the operation mode choosing can be made
through the serial interface. All parameters are reset to the default value when the RESET pin goes to low
asynchronously from the clocks.
correlated double sampler (CDS)
The output signal of a CCD imager is sampled twice during one pixel period, one at the reference interval and
the other at the data interval.
Subtracting these two samples, extracts the video information of the pixel as well as removes any noise that
is common—or correlated—to both the intervals.
Thus, a CDS is very important to reduce the reset noise and the low frequency noises that are present on the
CCD output signal. Figure 1 shows the simplified block diagram of the CDS and input clamp.
VSP2232
SHP
C(1) = 5 pF
+
_OPA
CCDIN
CCD
Output
CIN
C(2) = 5 pF
CLPDM
SHD
SHP
REFN (1.25 V)
Figure 1. Simplified Block Diagram of CDS and Input Clamp
The CDS is driven through an off-chip coupling capacitor (CIN). AC coupling is strongly recommended because
the DC level of the CCD output signal is usually too high (several volts) for the CDS to work properly. A 0.1-µF
capacitor is recommended for CIN, however, it depends on the application environment.
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VSP2232
SLAS320 – MAY 2001
correlated double sampler (CDS) (continued)
Also, an off-chip emitter follower buffer is recommended that can drive more than 10 pF, because the 5 pF of
the sampling capacitor and a few pF of stray capacitance can be seen at the input pin. The analog input signal
range at the CCDIN pin is 1 VP–P, and the appropriate common mode voltage for the CDS is around 0.5 V to
1.5 V.
The reference level is sampled during SHP active period, and the voltage level is held on the sampling capacitor
C(1) at the trailing edge of SHP. The data level is sampled during SHD active period, and the voltage level is
held on the sampling capacitor C(2) at the trailing edge of SHD. Then, the switched-capacitor amplifier performs
the subtraction of these two levels.
The active polarity of SHP/SHD (active high or active low) can be chosen through the serial interface, refer to
serial interface for details. The default value of SHP/SHD is active low. However, right after power on, this value
is unknown. For this reason, it must be set to the appropriate value by using the serial interface, or reset to the
default value by the RESET pin. The description and the timing diagrams in this data sheet are all based on the
polarity of active low (default value).
input clamp and dummy pixel clamp
The buffered CCD output is capacitively coupled to the VSP2232. The purpose of the input clamp is to restore
the dc component of the input signal that was lost with the ac-coupling and establish the desired dc bias point
for the CDS. Figure 1 shows the simplified block diagram of the input clamp. The input level is clamped to the
internal reference voltage REFN (1.25 V) during the dummy pixel interval. More specifically, when both CLPDM
and SHP are active, then the dummy clamp function becomes active. If the dummy pixels and/or the CLPDM
pulse are not available in your system, the CLPOB pulse can be used in place of CLPDM as long as the clamping
takes place during black pixels. In this case, both CPLDM pin (actives as same timing as CLPOB) and SHP
become active during the optical black pixel interval, then the dummy clamp function becomes active.
The active polarity of CLPDM and SHP (active high or active low) can be chosen through the serial interface,
refer to serial interface for details. The default value of CLPDM and SHP is active low. However, right after power
on, this value is unknown. For this reason, it must be set to the appropriate value by using the serial interface,
or reset to the default value by the RESET pin. The description and timing diagrams in this data sheet are all
based on the polarity of active low (default value).
high performance analog-to-digital converter (ADC)
The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) utilizes a fully differential and pipelined architecture. This ADC is well
suited for low voltage operation, low power consumption requirement, and high-speed applications. It assures
10-bit resolution of the output data with no missing code. The VSP2232 includes the reference voltage generator
for the ADC. REFP (positive reference, pin 38), REFN (negative reference, pin 39), and CM (common-mode
voltage, pin 37) should be bypassed to the ground with a 0.1-µF ceramic capacitor. Do not use this voltage
anywhere else in the system because it affects the stability of these reference levels, and then causes ADC
performance degradation. These are analog output pins, so do not apply voltage from the outside.
programmable gain amplifier (PGA)
Figure 2 shows the characteristics of the PGA gain. The PGA provides a gain range of –6 dB to 42 dB, which
is linear in dB. The gain is controlled by a digital code with 10-bit resolution, and it can be settle through the serial
interface, refer to the serial interface section for details. The default value of the gain control code is 128 (PGA
gain = 0 dB). However, right after power on, this value is unknown. For this reason, it must be set to the
appropriate value by using the serial interface, or reset to the default value by the RESET pin.
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VSP2232
SLAS320 – MAY 2001
programmable gain amplifier (PGA) (continued)
50
40
Gain – dB
30
20
10
0
–10
100
0
200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Input Code for Gain Control (0 to 1023)
900 1000
Figure 2. Characteristics of PGA Gain
optical black (OB) level clamp loop
To extract the video information correctly, the CCD signal must be referenced to a well-established optical black
(OB) level. The VSP2232 has an autocalibration loop to establish the OB level using the optical black pixel
output from the CCD imager. The input signal level of the OB pixels is identified as the real OB level and the
loop should be closed during this period while CLPOB is active. During the effective pixel interval, the reference
level of the CCD output signal is clamped to the OB level by the OB level clamp loop. To determine the loop-time
constant, an off-chip capacitor is required, and should be connected to the COB (pin 28). The time constant T
is given in equation 1.
T+
ǒ16384
C
I
(min)
Ǔ
(1)
Where:
C is the capacitor value connected to COB, I(min) is the minimum current (0.15 µA) of the control DAC in the
OB level clamp loop, and 0.15 µA is equivalent to 1 LSB of the DAC output current. When C is 0.1 µF, then the
time constant T is 40.7 µs. Also, the slew rate (SR) is given in equation 2.
I
SR +
(max)
C
(2)
Where:
C is the capacitor value connected to COB. I(max) is the maximum current (153 µA) of the control DAC in the
OB level clamp loop, and 153 µA is equivalent to 1023 LSB of the DAC output current.
Generally, the OB level clamping at high-speed causes clamp noise (or white streak noise). However, the noise
will decrease by increasing the capacitor size. On the other hand, a larger capacitor requires a much longer time
to restore from the standby mode, or right after the power goes on. Therefore, we recommend a 0.1-µF to
0.22-µF capcitor. However, it depends on the application environment, and making careful adjustments using
the cut-and-try method is recommended.
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VSP2232
SLAS320 – MAY 2001
optical black (OB) level clamp loop (continued)
The OB clamp level (the pedestal level) is programmable through the serial interface, refer to serial interface
for details. Table 1 shows the relationship between the input code and the OB clamp level.
The active polarity of CLPOB (active high or active low) can be chosen through the serial interface, refer to serial
interface for details. The default value of CLPOB is active low.
However, right after power on, this value is unknown. For this reason, it must be set to the appropriate value
by using the serial interface, or reset to the default value by the RESET pin. The description and the timing
diagrams in this data sheet are all based on the polarity of active low (default value).
Table 1. Programmable OB Clamp Level
INPUT CODE
OB CLAMP LEVEL, LSBs of 12-Bits
0000
2 LSB
0001
18 LSB
0010
34 LSB
0011
50 LSB
0100
66 LSB
0101
82 LSB
0110
98 LSB
0111
114 LSB
1000 (Default)
130 LSB
1001
146 LSB
1010
162 LSB
1011
178 LSB
1100
194 LSB
1101
210 LSB
1110
226 LSB
1111
242 LSB
preblanking and data latency
Some CCDs have large transient output signals during blanking intervals. Such signals may exceed the
VSP2232’s 1-VP–P input signal range and would overdrive the VSP2232 into saturation. Recovery time from
the saturation could be substantial. To avoid this, the VSP2232 has an input blanking (or preblanking) function.
When PBLK goes to low, the CCDIN input is disconnected from the internal CDS stage and large transients are
prevented from passing through. The VSP2232’s digital outputs will go to all zeros at the 11th rising edge of
ADCCK from just after PBLK set to low to accommodate the clock latency of the VSP2232. In this mode, the
digital output data comes out at the rising edge of ADCCK with a delay of 11 clock cycles (data latency is 11).
In the normal operation mode, it is different from the preblanking mode. The digital output data comes out at
the rising edge of ADCCK with a delay of nine clock cycles (data latency is 9).
In order to keep stable and accurate OB clamp level, CLPOB should not be activated during PBLK active period.
Since CCDIN input is disconnected from the internal circuit, even if the autocalibration loop should be closed
while CLPOB is active. Then the OB clamp level is different from the actual OB level established by the CCD
imager output. The missed OB clamp level would affect the picture quality.
If the input voltage is higher than the supply rail by 0.3 V or lower than the ground rail by 0.3 V, the protection
diodes will be turned on to prevent the input voltage from going further. Such a high swing signal may cause
a device damage to the VSP2232 and should be avoided.
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VSP2232
SLAS320 – MAY 2001
detailed description (continued)
standby mode
For the purpose of power saving, the VSP2232 can be set into the standby mode (or power down mode) through
the serial interface when the VSP2232 is not in use. Refer to serial interface for details. In this mode, all the
function blocks are disabled and the digital outputs will go to all zeros. The consumption current will drop to
2 mA. As all the bypass capacitors will discharge during this mode, a substantial time (usually of the order of
200 ms to 300 ms) is required to restore from the standby mode.
voltage reference
All the reference voltages and bias currents needed in the VSP2232 are generated by its internal bandgap
circuitry. The CDS and the ADC use three reference voltages, REFP (positive reference, pin 38), REFN
(negative reference, pin 39), and CM (common-mode voltage, pin 37). All of REFP, REFN, and CM should be
heavily decoupled with appropriate capacitors (for example: 0.1-µF ceramic capacitor). Do not use these
voltages anywhere else in the system because it affects the stability of these reference levels, and causes ADC
performance degradation. These are analog output pins, so do not apply the voltage from the outside.
BYPP2 (pin 29), BYP (pin 31), and BYPM (pin 32) are also reference voltages to be used in the analog circuit.
BYP should be connected to the ground with a 0.1-µF ceramic capacitor. The capacitor value for BYPP2 and
BYPM affects the step response. We consider, for many applications, 200 pF to 600 pF is the reasonable value.
However, it depends on the application environment, and making careful adjustments using the cut-and-try
method is recommended. All of BYPP2, BYP, and BYPM should be heavily decoupled with appropriate
capacitors. Do not use these voltages anywhere else in the system because it affects the stability of these
reference levels, and causes the performance degradation. These are analog output pins, so do not apply the
voltage from the outside.
additional output delay control
The VSP2232 can control delay time of the output data by register setting through the serial interface. In some
cases, the transition of the output data affects analog performance. Generally, it is avoided by adjusting the
timing of the ADCCK. In case ADCCK timing cannot be adjusted, this output delay control is effective to reduce
the influence of transient noise. Refer to serial interface for details.
serial interface
The serial interface has a 2-byte shift register and various parallel registers to control all the digitally
programmable features of the VSP2232. Writing to these registers is controlled by four signals (SLOAD, SCLK,
SDATA, and RESET). To enable the shift register, SLOAD must be pulled low. SDATA is the serial data input
and the SCLK is the shift clock. The data at SDATA is taken into the shift register at the rising edge of SCLK.
The data length should be 2 bytes. After the 2-byte shift operation, the data in the shift register will be transferred
to the parallel latch at the rising edge of SLOAD. In addition to the parallel latch, there are several registers
dedicated to the specific features of the device and they are synchronized with the ADCCK clock. It takes five
or six clock cycles for the data in the parallel latch to be written to those registers. Thus, to complete the data
updates, it has to wait five or six clock cycles after the parallel latching by the rising edge of SLOAD.
The serial interface data format is shown in Table 2. TEST is the flag for the test mode (Burr-Brown proprietary
only), A0 to A2 is the address for the various registers, and D0 to D11 is the data or the operand field.
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VSP2232
SLAS320 – MAY 2001
Table 2. Serial Interface Data Format
MSB
REGISTERS
LSB
TEST
A2
A1
A0
D11
D10
D9
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
Configuration
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
C8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
D0
C0
PGA gain
0
0
0
1
0
0
G9
G8
G7
G6
G5
G4
G3
G2
G1
G0
OB clamp level
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
O3
O2
O1
O0
Clock polarity
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P2
P1
P0
Output delay
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
J1
J0
Reserved
0
1
0
1
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Reserved
0
1
1
0
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Reserved
0
1
1
1
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Reserved
1
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x = Don’t care
C0
: Operation Mode, Normal/Standby
Serial interface and registers are always active, independently from the operation mode
C0 = 0 Normal operation,
C0 = 1 Standby
C8
: A/D Converter Drive Mode, Internal/External
Internal drive mode: The clock is internally generated by SHP and SHP drives the A/D converter
External drive mode: The master clock (ADCCK) drives the A/D converter
C8 = 0 Internal drive mode,
C8 = 1 External drive mode
G[9:0]
: Characteristics of PGA Gain (see Figure 2)
J[1:0]
: Additional Output Delay Control
Controls additional output data delay time
J1 = 0, J0 = 0
Additional Delay = 0 ns
J1 = 0, J0 = 1
Additional Delay = 5 ns (typ)
J1 = 1, J0 = 0
Additional Delay = 10 ns (typ)
J1 = 1, J0 = 1
Additional Delay = 13 ns (typ)
O[3:0]
: Programmable OB Clamp Level (see Table 1)
P[2:0]
: Clock Polarity
P0 = Polarity for CLPDM
P1 = for CLPOB
P2 = for SHP/SHD
(P0 = 0 active low, P0 = 1 active high)
(P0 = 0 active low, P0 = 1 active high)
(P0 = 0 active low, P0 = 1 active high)
Right after power on, these values are unknown. They must be set to the appropriate value using the serial
interface, or reset to the default value by the RESET pin.
Default values are:
C0 = 0
: Normal operation mode
C8 = 0
: A/D converter internal drive mode
G[9:0] = 0010000000
: PGA gain = 0 dB
J[1:0] = 00
: Additional output delay = 0 ns
O[3:0] = 1000
: OB clamp level = 32 LSB
P[2:0] = 000
: CLPDM, CLPOB, SHP/SHD are all active low (see Note 6)
NOTE 6: The description and the timing diagrams in this data sheet are all based on the polarity of active low (default value).
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VSP2232
SLAS320 – MAY 2001
timing
VSP2232 has two options to drive the on-chip A/D converter. The internal drive mode and the external drive
mode can be selected by accessing the configuration register via the serial interface. The internal drive mode,
the drive clock for the A/D converter, is generated by the on-chip timing control circuit automatically, based on
the SHP and SHD signals. The external drive mode is the master clock (ADCCK) and drives the on-chip A/D
converter directly. The digital data output is synchronized with the master clock (ADCCK) and it is independent
from the drive mode.
The CDS and the ADC are operated by SHP/SHD and their derivative timing clocks generated by the on-chip
timing generator. The digital output data is synchronized with ADCCK. The timing relationship among the CCD
signal, SHP/SHD, ADCCK, and the output data is shown in the VSP2232 CDS timing specifications. CLPOB
is used to activate the black-level clamp loop during the OB pixel interval, and CLPDM is used to activate the
input clamping during the dummy pixel interval. If the CLPDM pulse is not available in your system, the CLPOB
pulse can be used in place of CLPDM as long as the clamping takes place during black pixels, refer to input
clamp and dummy pixel clamp for details. The clock polarities of SHP/SHD, CLPOB, and CLPDM can be
independently set through the serial interface, refer to serial interface section for details. The description and
the timing diagrams in this data sheet are all based on the polarity of active low (default value). In order to keep
a stable and accurate OB clamp level, it is recommended that CLPOB should not be activated during the PBLK
active period. Refer to preblanking and data latency for details. In the standby mode, ADCCK, SHP, SHD,
CLPOB, and CLPDM are internally masked and pulled high.
power supply, grounding, and device decoupling recommendations
The VSP2232 incorporates a very high-precision and high-speed analog-to-digital converter and analog
circuitry that are vulnerable to any extraneous noise from the rails or elsewhere. For this reason, although the
VSP2232 has analog and digital supply pins, it should be treated as an analog component and all supply pins
except for DRVDD should be powered by only the analog supply of the system. This will ensure the most
consistent results, since digital power lines often carry high levels of wide band noise that would otherwise be
coupled into the device and degrade the achievable performance.
Proper grounding, short lead length, and the use of ground planes are also very important for high frequency
designs. Multilayer PC boards are recommended for the best performance since they offer distinct advantages
like minimizing ground impedance, separation of signal layers by ground layers, etc. It is highly recommended
that the analog and digital ground pins of the VSP2232 be joined together at the IC and be connected only to
the analog ground of the system. The driver stage of the digital outputs (B(11:0]) is supplied through a dedicated
supply pin (DRVDD) and should be separated from the other supply pins completely, or at least with a ferrite
bead. It is also recommended to keep the capacitive loading on the output data lines as low as possible (typically
less than 15 pF). Larger capacitive loads demand higher charging current due to surges that can feed back into
the analog portion of the VSP2232 and affect the performance.
If possible, external buffers or latches should be used which provide the added benefit of isolating the VSP2232
from any digital noise activities on the data lines. In addition, resistors in series with each data line may help
in minimizing the surge current. Values in the range of 100 Ω to 200 Ω will limit the instantaneous current to the
output stage and has to provide for recharging the parasitic capacitance’s as the output levels change from
low-to-high or high-to-low. Because of the high operation speed, the converter also generates high frequency
current transients and noises that are fed back into the supply and reference lines. This requires the supply and
reference pins to be sufficiently bypassed. In most cases, a 0.1-µF ceramic-chip capacitor is adequate to
decouple the reference pins. Supply pins should be decoupled to the ground plane with a parallel combination
of tantalum (1 µF to 22 µF) and ceramic (0.1 µF) capacitors. The effectiveness of the decoupling largely depends
on the proximity to the individual pin. DRVDD should be decoupled to the proximity of DRVGND. Special
attention must be paid to the bypassing of COB, BYPP2, and BYPM since these capacitor values determine
important analog performance of the device.
10
www.ti.com
VSP2232
SLAS320 – MAY 2001
absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)†
Supply voltage (VCC, DRVDD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 V
Supply voltage differences (among VCC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ±0.1 V
Ground voltage differences (among GNDA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ±0.1 V
Digital input voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to 5.3 V
Analog input voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to VCC + 0.3 V
Input current (any pins except supplies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ±10 mA
Operating temperature, TA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –25°C to 85°C
Storage temperature, Tstg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –55°C to 125°C
Junction temperature, TJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150°C
Lead temperature (soldering) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260°C, 5 sec
Package temperature (IR Reflow, Peak) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235°C, 10 sec
† Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and
functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not
implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
electrical characteristics, all specifications at TA = 25°C, VCC = DRVDD = 3 V, conversion rate
(f(ADCCK)) = 36 MHz, no load unless otherwise noted
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
Resolution
TYP
MAX
12
Max conversion rate
UNIT
Bits
36
MHz
Digital inputs
Logic family
TTL
VIT+
VIT–
Low-to-high threshold voltage
1.9
High-to-low threshold voltage
0.9
IIH
IIL
High-level input current
±20
VIN = 3 V
VIN = 0 V
Low-level input current
V
±20
ADCCK clock duty cycle
µA
A
50%
Input capacitance
5
Max input voltage
–0.3
pF
5.3
V
Digital inputs
VOH
VOL
Logic family
CMOS
Logic coding
Straight
binary
High-level output voltage
IOH = –2 mA
IOL = 2 mA
Low-level output voltage
2.4
0.4
J[1:0] = 00
Additional output data delay
V
0
ns
J[1:0] = 01
5
ns
J[1:0] = 10
10
ns
J[1:0] = 11
13
ns
reference
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
Positive reference voltage
1.75
V
Negative reference voltage
1.25
V
www.ti.com
11
VSP2232
SLAS320 – MAY 2001
electrical characteristics, all specifications at TA = 25°C, VCC = DRVDD = 3 V, conversion rate
(f(ADCCK)) = 36 MHz, no load unless otherwise noted (continued)
power supply
PARAMETER
VCC
PD
TEST CONDITIONS
Supply voltage, DRVDD
Power dissipation
MIN
TYP
MAX
2.7
3
3.6
Normal operation mode:
VCC = DRVDD = 2.7 V,
f(ADCCK) = 36 MHz, No load
Standby mode: f(ADCCK) = Not applied
130
UNIT
V
mW
6
temperature range
PARAMETER
TA
Tstg
TEST CONDITIONS
Operation temperature
TYP
–25
Storage temperature
Thermal resistance θJA
MIN
85
–55
48-pin LQFP
MAX
125
UNIT
°C
°C
°C/W
100
analog input (CCDIN)
PARAMETER
Input signal level for full-scale out
TEST CONDITIONS
PGA gain = 0 dB
MIN
TYP
MAX
900
Input capacitance
mV
15
Input limit
UNIT
–0.3
pF
3.3
V
transfer characteristics
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
DNL
Differential nonlinearity
PGA gain = 0 dB
±0.5
LSB
INL
Integral nonlinearity
PGA gain = 0 dB
±2
LSB
No missing codes
Assured
Step response settling time
Full-scale step input
1
pixel
Overload recovery time
Step input from 1.8 V to 0 V
2
pixels
9(fixed)
Clock
cycles
Data latency
SNR
Signal to noise ratio (see Note 7)
Signal-to-noise
Grounded input cap, PGA gain = 0 dB
76
Grounded input cap, Gain = 24 dB
52
CCD offset correction range
–180
dB
200
mV
MAX
UNIT
NOTE 7: SNR = 20 log (full-scale voltage/rms noise)
CDS
PARAMETER
Reference sample settling time
Data sample settling time
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
6.9
LSB driver impedance = 50 Ω
Within 1 LSB,
ns
6.9
input clamp
PARAMETER
12
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
Clamp-on resistance
400
Ω
Clamp level
1.25
V
www.ti.com
VSP2232
SLAS320 – MAY 2001
electrical characteristics, all specifications at TA = 25°C, VCC = DRVDD = 3 V, conversion rate
(fADCCK) = 36 MHz, no load unless otherwise noted (continued)
programmable gain amplifier (PGA)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
Gain control resolution
TYP
MAX
UNIT
10
Bits
Maximum gain
Gain code = 1111111111
42
dB
High gain
Gain code = 1101001000
34
dB
Medium gain
Gain code = 1000100000
20
dB
Low gain
Gain code = 0010000000
0
dB
Minimum gain
Gain code = 0000000000
–6
dB
±0.5
dB
Gain control error
optical black clamp loop
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
Control DAC resolution
OBCLP level at CODE = 1000
Minimum output current for control DAC
Maximum output current for control DAC
SR
MAX
UNIT
242
LSB
10
Programmable range of clamp level
Optical black clamp level
TYP
COB pin
2
130
±0.15
±153
Bits
LSB
µA
A
Loop time constant
C(COB) = 0.1 µF
40.7
µs
Slew rate
C(COB) = 0.1 µF,
Output current from control DAC is saturated
1530
V/s
www.ti.com
13
VSP2232
SLAS320 – MAY 2001
timing specifications
N+2
N+1
N
CCDD
Output
Signal
tw(P)
t(CKP)
SHP
See Note 1
ts
tp(D–P)
tp(P–D)
N+3
t(CKP)
tw(D)
SHD
See Note 1
ts
t(INHIBIT)
t(ADC)
t(ADC)
t(CKP)
ADCCK
t(OD)
t(HOLD)
B(0–11)
N–11
N–10
N–9
PARAMETER
N–7
N–8
MIN
t(CKP)
t(ADC)
Clock period
tw(P)
tw(D)
SHP pulse width
tp(P–D)
tp(D–P)
SHP trailing edge to SHD leading edge (see Note 8)
4
SHD trailing edge to SHP leading edge (see Note 8)
8
ts
t(Inhibit)
Sampling delay
t(Hold)
t(OD)
Output hold time (see Note 9)
DL
Data latency, normal operation mode
TYP
MAX
27.7
ADCCK high/low pulse width
SHD pulse width
ns
13.8
ns
6.9
ns
6.9
ns
ns
ns
3
Inhibited clock period
UNIT
ns
12
ns
2
ns
Output delay
27.7
9(fixed)
ns
Clock
cycles
NOTES: 8. The description and the timing diagrams in this data sheet are all based on the polarity of active low (default value). The active polarity
(active low or active high) can be chosen through the serial interface, refer to serial interface for details.
9. Output hold time is specified at additonal output delay = 0 ns. Refer to serial interface section for detail.
Figure 3. VSP2232 CDS Timing Specifications—A/D Converter Internal Drive Mode
14
www.ti.com
VSP2232
SLAS320 – MAY 2001
timing specifications (continued)
N+2
N+1
N
CCDD
Output
Signal
tw(P)
t(CKP)
SHP
See Note 1
ts
tp(D–P)
tp(P–D)
N+3
t(CKP)
tw(D)
SHD
See Note 1
ts
t(AP)
t(ADC)
t(ADC)
t(CKP)
ADCCK
t(HOLD)
B(0–9)
N–11
t(OD)
N–10
N–9
PARAMETER
N–8
MIN
N–7
TYP
MAX
50%
55%
UNIT
t(CKP)
t(ADC)
Clock period
27.7
ADCCK pulse duty rate
45%
ns
tw(P)
tw(D)
SHP pulse width
6.9
ns
SHD pulse width
6.9
ns
tp(P–D)
tp(D–P)
SHP trailing edge to SHD leading edge (see Note 8)
1
SHD trailing edge to SHP leading edge (see Note 8)
6
ts
t(AP)
Sampling delay
ADCCK leading edge to SHP trailing edge
0
t(Hold)
t(OD)
Output hold time (see Note 9)
2
DL
Data latency, normal operation mode
ns
ns
3
ns
1.5
ns
ns
Output delay
27.7
9(fixed)
ns
Clock
cycles
NOTES: 8. The description and the timing diagrams in this data sheet are all based on the polarity of active low (default value). The active polarity
(active low or active high) can be chosen through the serial interface, refer to serial interface for details.
9. Output hold time is specified at additonal output delay = 0 ns. Refer to serial interface section for detail.
Figure 4. VSP2232 CDS Timing Specifications—A/D Converter External Drive Mode
www.ti.com
15
VSP2232
SLAS320 – MAY 2001
timing specifications (continued)
t(XS)
SLOAD
t(XH)
t(CKL)
t(CKP)
t(CKH)
SCLK
t(DH)
t(DS)
SDATA
MSB
LSB
2-Bytes
MIN
PARAMETER
t(CKP)
t(CKH)
Clock period
TYP
MAX
UNIT
100
ns
Clock high pulse width
40
ns
t(CKL)
tsu
Clock low pulse width
40
ns
Data setup time
30
ns
th
t(XS)
Data hold time
30
ns
SLOAD to SCLK setup time
30
ns
t(XH)
SCLK to SLOAD hold time
30
ns
NOTES: 10. It is effective for the data shift operation at the rising edges of SCLK during SLOAD is low period. 2 bytes of data input are loaded
to the parallel latch in the VSP2232 at the rising edge of SLOAD.
11. When the input serial data is longer than 2 bytes (16 bits), the last 2 bytes become effective and the former bits are lost.
Figure 5. VSP2232 Serial Interface Timing Specification
16
www.ti.com
VSP2232
SLAS320 – MAY 2001
MECHANICAL DATA
PT (S-PQFP-G48)
PLASTIC QUAD FLATPACK
0,27
0,17
0,50
36
0,08 M
25
37
24
48
13
0,13 NOM
1
12
5,50 TYP
7,20
SQ
6,80
9,20
SQ
8,80
Gage Plane
0,25
0,05 MIN
1,45
1,35
Seating Plane
1,60 MAX
0°–ā7°
0,75
0,45
0,10
4040052 / C 11/96
NOTES: A.
B.
C.
D.
All linear dimensions are in millimeters.
This drawing is subject to change without notice.
Falls within JEDEC MS-026
This may also be a thermally enhanced plastic package with leads conected to the die pads.
www.ti.com
17
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
30-Mar-2005
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device
Status (1)
Package
Type
Package
Drawing
Pins Package Eco Plan (2)
Qty
VSP2232Y
ACTIVE
LQFP
PT
48
250
Green (RoHS &
no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
VSP2232Y/2K
ACTIVE
LQFP
PT
48
2000 Green (RoHS &
no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
Lead/Ball Finish
MSL Peak Temp (3)
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in
a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS) or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check
http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details.
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements
for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered
at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame
retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material)
(3)
MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder
temperature.
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Addendum-Page 1
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