AKM AK5357

[AK5357]
AK5357
24Bit 96kHz ΔΣ ADC
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The AK5357 is a stereo A/D Converter with wide sampling rate of 4kHz ∼ 96kHz and is suitable for
multimedia audio system. The AK5357 achieves high accuracy and low cost by using Enhanced dual bit
ΔΣ techniques. The AK5357 requires no external components because the analog inputs are
single-ended. The audio interface has two formats (MSB justified, I2S) and can correspond to many
systems like Karaoke, surround.
FEATURES
† Stereo ΔΣ ADC
† On-Chip Digital Anti-Alias Filtering
† Single-ended Input
† Digital HPF for DC-Offset cancel
† S/(N+D): 88dB@5V, 86dB@3V for 48kHz
† DR:
102dB@5V, 100dB@3V for 48kHz
† S/N:
102dB@5V, 100dB@3V for 48kHz
† Sampling Rate Ranging from 4kHz to 96kHz
† Master Clock:
256fs/384fs/512fs/768fs (4kHz ∼ 48kHz)
256fs/384fs
(48kHz ∼ 96kHz)
† Input level: TTL/CMOS selectable
† Master / Slave Mode
† Audio Interface: 24bit MSB justified / I2S selectable
† Power Supply: 2.7 ∼ 5.5V
† Ta = −20 ∼ 85°C (ET), −40 ∼ 85°C (VT), −40 ∼ 105°C (KT)
† Small 16pin TSSOP Package
† AK5381 Pin-compatible
VA AGND
MCLK
VD DGND
Clock Divider
AINL
AINR
VCOM
ΔΣ
Modulator
Decimation
Filter
ΔΣ
Modulator
Decimation
Filter
LRCK
SCLK
Serial I/O
Interface
Voltage Reference
CKS2 CKS1 CKS0
PDN
SDTO
DIF
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[AK5357]
■ Ordering Guide
AK5357ET
AK5357VT
AK5357KT
AKD5357
−20 ∼ +85°C
16pin TSSOP (0.65mm pitch)
−40 ∼ +85°C
16pin TSSOP (0.65mm pitch)
−40 ∼ +105°C
16pin TSSOP (0.65mm pitch)
Evaluation Board for AK5357
■ Pin Layout
AINR
1
16
CKS0
AINL
2
15
CKS2
CKS1
3
14
DIF
VCOM
4
13
PDN
AGND
5
12
SCLK
VA
6
11
MCLK
VD
7
10
LRCK
DGND
8
9
SDTO
Top View
■ Compatibility with AK5353 and AK5381
S/(N+D)
DR
Master Mode
HPF OFF
TTL Level Mode
VIH@TTL Level Mode
VA (Analog Supply)
VD (Digital Supply)
Pin #3
Pin #15
Pin #16
AK5353
84dB
96dB
Not Available
Not Available
4kHz to 96kHz
2.2V
2.7 to 5.5V@fs=48kHz
4.5 to 5.5V@fs=96kHz
4.5 to 5.5V@fs=96kHz
VREF
TTL
TST
AK5381
96dB
106dB
Available
Available
4kHz to 48kHz
2.4V
AK5357
88dB
102dB
Available
Available
4kHz to 96kHz
2.2V
4.5 to 5.5V@fs=48/96kHz
2.7 to 5.5V@fs=48/96kHz
3.0 to 5.5V@fs=96kHz
CKS1
CKS2
CKS0
2.7 to 5.5V@fs=96kHz
CKS1
CKS2
CKS0
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[AK5357]
PIN / FUNCTION
No.
Pin Name
I/O
1
2
3
AINR
AINL
CKS1
I
I
I
4
VCOM
O
5
6
7
8
AGND
VA
VD
DGND
-
9
SDTO
O
10
LRCK
I/O
11
MCLK
I
12
SCLK
I/O
13
PDN
I
14
DIF
I
15
16
CKS2
CKS0
I
I
Function
Rch Analog Input Pin
Lch Analog Input Pin
Mode Select 1 Pin
Common Voltage Output Pin, VA/2
Bias voltage of ADC input.
Analog Ground Pin
Analog Power Supply Pin, 2.7 ∼ 5.5V
Digital Power Supply Pin, 2.7 ∼ 5.5V
Digital Ground Pin
Audio Serial Data Output Pin
“L” Output at Power-down mode.
Output Channel Clock Pin
“L” Output in Master Mode at Power-down mode.
Master Clock Input Pin
Audio Serial Data Clock Pin
“L” Output in Master Mode at Power-down mode.
Power Down Mode Pin
“H”: Power up, “L”: Power down
Audio Interface Format Pin
“H” : 24bit I2S Compatible, “L” : 24bit MSB justified
Mode Select 2 Pin
Mode Select 0 Pin
Note: All digital input pins should not be left floating.
■ Handling of Unused Pin
The unused input pins should be processed appropriately as below.
Classification
Analog
Pin Name
AINL
AINR
Setting
This pin should be open.
This pin should be open.
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[AK5357]
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
(AGND=DGND=0V; Note 1)
Parameter
Analog
Power Supplies:
Digital
|AGND – DGND|
(Note 1)
Input Current, Any Pin Except Supplies
Analog Input Voltage (AINL, AINR, CKS1 pins)
Digital Input Voltage (All digital input pins except CKS1 pin)
AK5357ET
Ambient Temperature (powered applied)
AK5357VT
AK5357KT
Storage Temperature
Symbol
VA
VD
ΔGND
IIN
VINA
VIND
Ta
Ta
Ta
Tstg
min
−0.3
−0.3
−0.3
−0.3
−20
−40
−40
−65
max
6.0
6.0
0.3
±10
VA+0.3
VD+0.3
85
85
105
150
Units
V
V
V
mA
V
V
°C
°C
°C
°C
Note 1. All voltages with respect to ground.
Note 2. AGND and DGND must be connected to the same analog ground plane.
WARNING: Operation at or beyond these limits may result in permanent damage to the device.
Normal operation is not guaranteed at these extremes.
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
(AGND=DGND=0V; Note 1)
Parameter
Power Supplies Analog
(Note 3)
Digital
Symbol
VA
VD
min
2.7
2.7
typ
5.0
5.0
max
5.5
VA
Units
V
V
Note 1. All voltages with respect to ground.
Note 3. The power up sequence between VA and VD is not critical.
WARNING: AKEMD assumes no responsibility for the usage beyond the conditions in this datasheet.
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[AK5357]
ANALOG CHARACTERISTICS
(Ta=25°C; VA=VD=5.0V; AGND=DGND=0V; fs=48kHz, 96kHz; SCLK=64fs; Signal Frequency=1kHz; 24bit Data;
Measurement frequency=20Hz ∼ 20kHz at fs=48kHz, 40Hz ∼ 40kHz at fs=96kHz; unless otherwise specified)
Parameter
min
typ
max
Units
ADC Analog Input Characteristics:
Resolution
24
Bits
AK5357ET
2.7
3.0
3.3
Vpp
Input Voltage (Note 4) VA=5V fs=48kHz
AK5357VT
2.85
3.0
3.15
Vpp
fs=96kHz
2.7
3.0
3.3
VA=3V
1.8
Vpp
S/(N+D)
(−1dBFS) VA=5V fs=48kHz
78
88
dB
fs=96kHz
86
dB
VA=3V fs=48kHz
86
dB
fs=96kHz
84
dB
DR
(−60dBFS) VA=5V fs=48kHz, A-weighted
94
102
dB
fs=96kHz
88
97
dB
VA=3V fs=48kHz, A-weighted
100
dB
fs=96kHz
95
dB
VA=5V fs=48kHz, A-weighted
S/N
94
102
dB
fs=96kHz
88
97
dB
VA=3V fs=48kHz, A-weighted
100
dB
fs=96kHz
95
dB
Input Resistance
fs=48kHz
13
20
kΩ
fs=96kHz
9
14
kΩ
Interchannel Isolation
90
110
dB
Interchannel Gain Mismatch
0.1
0.5
dB
Gain Drift
100
ppm/°C
Power Supply Rejection
(Note 5)
50
dB
Power Supplies
Power Supply Current
Normal Operation (PDN pin = “H”)
mA
17
11
VA
mA
5
3
VD
(fs=48kHz)
(Note 6)
mA
9
6
VD
(fs=96kHz)
(Note 7)
Power down mode (PDN pin = “L”)
(Note 8)
μA
100
10
VA+VD
Note 4. This value is the full scale (0dB) of the input voltage. Input voltage is proportional to VA voltage.
Vin = 0.6 x VA (Vpp).
Note 5. PSR is applied to VA and VD with 1kHz, 50mVpp.
Note 6. VD=2mA@3V
Note 7. VD=4mA@3V
Note 8. All digital input pins are held VD or DGND.
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[AK5357]
FILTER CHARACTERISTICS (fs=48kHz)
(Ta=Tmin ∼ Tmax; VA=VD=2.7 ∼ 5.5V)
Parameter
Symbol
min
typ
ADC Digital Filter (Decimation LPF):
Passband
(Note 9) ±0.1dB
PB
0
−0.2dB
20.0
−3.0dB
23.0
Stopband
SB
28
Passband Ripple
PR
Stopband Attenuation
SA
68
Group Delay Distortion
ΔGD
0
Group Delay
(Note 10)
GD
16
ADC Digital Filter (HPF):
Frequency Response (Note 9) −3dB
FR
1.0
−0.1dB
6.5
FILTER CHARACTERISTICS (fs=96kHz)
(Ta=Tmin ∼ Tmax; VA=VD=2.7 ∼ 5.5V)
Parameter
Symbol
min
typ
ADC Digital Filter (Decimation LPF):
Passband
(Note 9) ±0.1dB
PB
0
−0.2dB
40.0
−3.0dB
46.0
Stopband
SB
56
Passband Ripple
PR
Stopband Attenuation
SA
68
Group Delay Distortion
ΔGD
0
Group Delay
(Note 10)
GD
16
ADC Digital Filter (HPF):
Frequency Response (Note 9) −3dB
FR
2.0
−0.1dB
13.0
max
Units
18.9
-
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
dB
dB
μs
1/fs
±0.04
Hz
Hz
max
Units
37.8
-
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
dB
dB
μs
1/fs
±0.04
Hz
Hz
Note 9. The passband and stopband frequencies scale with fs.
For example, PB=18.9kHz@±0.1dB is 0.39375 × fs.
Note 10. The calculated delay time induced by digital filtering. This time is from the input of an analog signal to the
setting of 24bit data both channels to the ADC output register for ADC.
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[AK5357]
DC CHARACTERISTICS (CMOS Level Mode)
(Ta=Tmin ∼ Tmax; VA=VD=2.7 ∼ 5.5V)
Parameter
Symbol
min
typ
High-Level Input Voltage
VIH
70%VD
Low-Level Input Voltage
VIL
High-Level Output Voltage
(Iout=−1mA)
VOH
VD−0.5
Low-Level Output Voltage
(Iout=1mA)
VOL
Input Leakage Current
Iin
-
max
30%VD
0.5
±10
Units
V
V
V
V
μA
DC CHARACTERISTICS (TTL Level Mode)
(Ta=Tmin ∼ Tmax; VA=VD=4.5 ∼ 5.5V)
Parameter
Symbol
min
typ
70%VD
VIH
High-Level Input Voltage
(CKS2-0 pins)
2.2
VIH
(All pins except CKS2-0 pins)
VIL
Low-Level Input Voltage
(CKS2-0 pins)
VIL
(All pins except CKS2-0 pins)
High-Level Output Voltage
(Iout=−1mA)
VOH
VD−0.5
Low-Level Output Voltage
(Iout=1mA)
VOL
Input Leakage Current
Iin
-
max
30%VD
0.8
0.5
±10
Units
V
V
V
V
V
V
μA
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[AK5357]
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS
(Ta=Tmin ∼ Tmax; VA=VD=2.7 ∼ 5.5V; CL=20pF)
Parameter
Symbol
min
Master Clock Timing
1.024
fCLK
Frequency
0.4/fCLK
tCLKL
Pulse Width Low
0.4/fCLK
tCLKH
Pulse Width High
LRCK Frequency
fs
4
Duty Cycle
Slave mode
45
Master mode
Audio Interface Timing
Slave mode
160
tSCK
SCLK Period
65
tSCKL
SCLK Pulse Width Low
65
tSCKH
Pulse Width High
30
tLRSH
LRCK Edge to SCLK “↑”
(Note 11)
30
tSHLR
SCLK “↑” to LRCK Edge
(Note 11)
2
tLRS
LRCK to SDTO (MSB) (Except I S mode)
tSSD
SCLK “↓” to SDTO
Master mode
fSCK
SCLK Frequency
dSCK
SCLK Duty
−20
tMSLR
SCLK “↓” to LRCK
−20
tSSD
SCLK “↓” to SDTO
Reset Timing
PDN Pulse Width
(Note 12)
PDN “↑” to SDTO valid at Slave Mode (Note 13)
PDN “↑” to SDTO valid at Master Mode (Note 13)
tPD
tPDV
tPDV
typ
max
Units
36.864
MHz
ns
ns
96
55
kHz
%
%
50
35
35
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
20
35
Hz
%
ns
ns
64fs
50
150
4132
4129
ns
1/fs
1/fs
Note 11. SCLK rising edge must not occur at the same time as LRCK edge.
Note 12. The AK5357 can be reset by bringing the PDN pin = “L”.
Note 13. This cycle is the number of LRCK rising edges from the PDN pin = “H”.
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[AK5357]
■ Timing Diagram
1/fCLK
VIH
MCLK
VIL
tCLKH
tCLKL
1/fs
VIH
LRCK
VIL
tSCK
VIH
SCLK
VIL
tSCKH
tSCKL
Clock Timing
VIH
LRCK
VIL
tSHLR
tLRSH
VIH
SCLK
VIL
tLRS
tSSD
SDTO
50%VD
Audio Interface Timing (Slave mode)
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[AK5357]
LRCK
50%VD
tMSLR
dSCK
SCLK
50%VD
tSSD
SDTO
50%VD
Audio Interface Timing (Master mode)
VIH
PDN
VIL
tPDV
SDTO
50%VD
tPD
PDN
VIL
Power Down & Reset Timing
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[AK5357]
OPERATION OVERVIEW
■ System Clock
MCLK (256fs/384fs/512fs), SCLK and LRCK (fs) clocks are required in slave mode. The LRCK clock input must be
synchronized with MCLK, however the phase is not critical. Table 1 shows the relationship of typical sampling frequency
and the system clock frequency. MCLK frequency, SCLK frequency, HPF (ON or OFF), the input level (CMOS or TTL)
and master/slave are selected by CKS2-0 pins as shown in Table 2.
All external clocks (MCLK, SCLK and LRCK) must be present unless the PDN pin = “L”. If these clocks are not
provided, the AK5357 may draw excess current due to its use of internal dynamically refreshed logic. If the external
clocks are not present, place the AK5357 in power-down mode (PDN pin = “L”). In master mode, the master clock
(MCLK) must be provided unless the PDN pin = “L”.
fs
32kHz
44.1kHz
48kHz
96kHz
MCLK
256fs
384fs
512fs
768fs
8.192MHz
12.288MHz
16.384MHz
24.576MHz
11.2896MHz
16.9344MHz
22.5792MHz
33.8688MHz
12.288MHz
18.432MHz
24.576MHz
36.864MHz
24.576MHz
36.864MHz
N/A
N/A
Table 1. System Clock Example (N/A: Not available)
CKS2
CKS1
CKS0
Input Level
L
L
L
CMOS
L
L
H
CMOS
L
L
H
H
L
H
CMOS
CMOS
H
L
L
TTL
H
H
H
L
H
H
H
L
H
CMOS
CMOS
HPF
Master/Slave
MCLK
256/384fs (∼ 96kHz)
ON
Slave
512/768fs (∼ 48kHz)
256/384fs (∼ 96kHz)
OFF
Slave
512/768fs (∼ 48kHz)
ON
Master
256fs (∼ 96kHz)
ON
Master
512fs (∼ 48kHz)
256/384fs (∼ 96kHz)
ON
Slave
512/768fs (∼ 48kHz)
Reserved
ON
Master
384fs (∼ 96kHz)
ON
Master
768fs (∼ 48kHz)
Table 2. Mode Select
SCLK
≥ 48fs or 32fs
≥ 48fs or 32fs
64fs
64fs
≥ 48fs or 32fs
64fs
64fs
Note: SDTO outputs 16bit data at SCLK=32fs.
■ Audio Interface Format
Two kinds of data formats can be chosen with the DIF pin (Table 3). In both modes, the serial data is in MSB first, 2’s
compliment format. The SDTO is clocked out on the falling edge of SCLK. The audio interface supports both master and
slave modes. In master mode, SCLK and LRCK are output with the SCLK frequency fixed to 64fs and the LRCK
frequency fixed to 1fs.
Mode
0
1
DIF pin
L
H
SDTO
LRCK
SCLK
24bit, MSB justified
H/L
≥ 48fs or 32fs
24bit, I2S Compatible
L/H
≥ 48fs or 32fs
Table 3. Audio Interface Format
Figure
Figure 1
Figure 2
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[AK5357]
LRCK
0 1 2
20 21 22 23 24
31 0 1 2
20 21 22 23 24
31 0 1
SCLK(64fs)
SDTO(o)
23 22
4 3 2 1 0
23 22
4 3 2 1 0
23
23:MSB, 0:LSB
Lch Data
Rch Data
Figure 1. Mode 0 Timing
LRCK
0 1 2 3
21 22 23 24 25
0 1 2
21 22 23 24 25
0 1
SCLK(64fs)
SDTO(o)
23 22
4 3 2 1 0
23 22
4 3 2 1 0
23:MSB, 0:LSB
Lch Data
Rch Data
Figure 2. Mode 1 Timing
■ Digital High Pass Filter
The ADC has a digital high pass filter for DC offset cancellation. The cut-off frequency of the HPF is 1.0Hz
(@fs=48kHz) and scales with sampling rate (fs).
HPF is controlled by CKS2-0 pins (Table 2). If HPF setting (ON/OFF) is changed when the AK5357 is in operation, click
noise occurs by changing DC offset. It is recommended that HPF setting is changed when the PDN pin = “L”.
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[AK5357]
■ Power down
The AK5357 is placed in the power-down mode by bringing the PDN pin “L” and the digital filter is also reset at the same
time. This reset should always be executed after power-up. In the power-down mode, the VCOM is the same voltage as
AGND. An analog initialization cycle starts after exiting the power-down mode. Therefore, the output data SDTO
becomes available after 4129 cycles of LRCK clock in master mode or 4132 cycles of LRCK clock in slave mode. During
initialization, the ADC digital output data of both channels are forced to a 2’s complement “0”. The ADC outputs settle in
the value corresponding to the input signals after the initialization was completed (Settling approximately takes the group
delay time).
(1)
PDN
Internal
State
Normal Operation
Power-down
Initialize
Normal Operation
GD (2)
GD
A/D In
(Analog)
A/D Out
(Digital)
Clock In
MCLK,LRCK,SCLK
(3)
“0”data
Idle Noise
“0”data
Idle Noise
(4)
Notes:
(1) 4132/fs in slave mode and 4129/fs in master mode.
(2) Digital output corresponding to analog input has the group delay (GD).
(3) A/D output is “0” data at the power-down state.
(4) When the external clocks (MCLK, SCLK, LRCK) are stopped, the AK5357 should be in the power-down state.
Figure 3. Power-down/up sequence example
■ System Reset
The AK5357 should be reset once by bringing the PDN pin “L” after power-up. In slave mode, the internal timing starts
clocking by the rising edge (falling edge at mode 1) of LRCK after exiting from reset and power down state by MCLK.
The AK5357 is power down state until LRCK is input. In master mode, the internal timing starts when MCLK is input.
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[AK5357]
SYSTEM DESIGN
Figure 4 shows the system connection diagram. The evaluation board demonstrates application circuits, the optimum
layout, power supply arrangements and measurement results.
Rch In
10u
+
Lch In
+
10u
0.47u
1 AINR
CKS0 16
2 AINL
CKS2 15
3 CKS1
DIF 14
4 VCOM
PDN 13
5
Analog 5V
+
10u
0.1u
+
10u
0.1u
AK5357
AGND
Mode
Control
Reset
SCLK 12
6 VA
MCLK 11
7 VD
LRCK 10
8 DGND
SDTO 9
Audio
Controller
Analog Ground
System Ground
Note:
- AGND and DGND of the AK5357 should be distributed separately from the ground of external digital
devices (MPU, DSP etc.).
- All digital input pins should not be left floating.
- The CKS1 pin should be connected to VA or AGND.
Figure 4. Typical Connection Diagram
Digital Ground
Analog Ground
System
Controller
1
AINR
CKS0 16
2
AINL
CKS2 15
3
CKS1
4
VCOM
5
AGND
SCLK 12
6
VA
MCLK 11
7
VD
LRCK 10
8
DGND
SDTO
DIF 14
AK5357
PDN 13
9
Figure 5. Ground Layout
Note:
- AGND and DGND must be connected to the same analog ground plane.
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[AK5357]
1. Grounding and Power Supply Decoupling
The AK5357 requires careful attention to power supply and grounding arrangements. Alternatively if VA and VD are
supplied separately, the power up sequence is not critical. AGND and DGND of the AK5357 must be connected to
analog ground plane. System analog ground and digital ground should be connected together near to where the supplies
are brought onto the printed circuit board. Decoupling capacitors should be as near to the AK5357 as possible, with the
small value ceramic capacitor being the nearest.
2. Voltage Reference
The voltage input to VA sets the analog input range. VCOM are 50%VA and normally connected to AGND with a 0.1μF
ceramic capacitor. A ceramic capacitor 0.47μF attached to VCOM pin eliminates the effects of high frequency noise. No
load current may be drawn from these pins. All signals, especially clocks, should be kept away from the VCOM pin in
order to avoid unwanted coupling into the AK5357.
3. Analog Inputs
The ADC inputs are single-ended and internally biased to the common voltage (50%VA) with 20kΩ (typ@fs=48kHz)
resistance. The input signal range scales with the supply voltage and nominally 0.6xVA Vpp (typ). The ADC output data
format is 2’s complement. The DC offset is removed by the internal HPF.
The AK5357 samples the analog inputs at 64fs. The digital filter rejects noise above the stop band except for multiples of
64fs. The AK5357 includes an anti-aliasing filter (RC filter) to attenuate a noise around 64fs.
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[AK5357]
PACKAGE
16pin TSSOP (Unit: mm)
1.1 (max)
*5.0±0.1
16
9
8
1
0.13
M
6.4±0.2
*4.4±0.1
A
0.65
0.22±0.1
0.17±0.05
Detail A
0.5±0.2
0.1±0.1
Seating Plane
0.10
NOTE: Dimension "*" does not include mold flash.
0-10°
■ Material & Lead finish
Package molding compound:
Lead frame material:
Lead frame surface treatment:
Epoxy
Cu
Solder (Pb free) plate
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[AK5357]
MARKING (AK5357ET)
AKM
5357ET
XXYYY
1)
2)
3)
Pin #1 indication
Date Code: XXYYY (5 digits)
XX:
Lot#
YYY: Date Code
Marketing Code: 5357ET
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[AK5357]
MARKING (AK5357VT)
AKM
5357VT
XXYYY
4)
5)
6)
Pin #1 indication
Date Code : XXYYY (5 digits)
XX:
Lot#
YYY: Date Code
Marketing Code : 5357VT
2009/03
MS0294-E-03
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[AK5357]
MARKING (AK5357KT)
AKM
5357KT
XXYYY
7)
8)
9)
Pin #1 indication
Date Code : XXYYY (5 digits)
XX:
Lot#
YYY: Date Code
Marketing Code : 5357KT
2009/03
MS0294-E-03
- 19 -
[AK5357]
REVISION HISTORY
Date (YY/MM/DD)
04/2/24
06/01/11
Revision
00
01
Reason
First Edition
Specification
Addition
Page
Contents
P.2
Ordering Guide
AK5357ET was added.
MARKING
AK5357ET was added.
ANALOG CHARACTERISTICS of AK5357VT
Input Voltage VA=5V; fs=48kHz
2.7V(min) →2.85V(min)
3.3V(max) → 3.15V(max)
AK5357KT (-40 ∼ 105°C) was added.
P.18
07/11/22
02
Specification
Change
09/03/27
03
Product
Addition
P5
IMPORTANT NOTICE
z These products and their specifications are subject to change without notice.
When you consider any use or application of these products, please make inquiries the sales office of Asahi Kasei
EMD Corporation (AKEMD) or authorized distributors as to current status of the products.
z AKEMD assumes no liability for infringement of any patent, intellectual property, or other rights in the application or
use of any information contained herein.
z Any export of these products, or devices or systems containing them, may require an export license or other official
approval under the law and regulations of the country of export pertaining to customs and tariffs, currency exchange,
or strategic materials.
z AKEMD products are neither intended nor authorized for use as critical componentsNote1) in any safety, life support, or
other hazard related device or systemNote2), and AKEMD assumes no responsibility for such use, except for the use
approved with the express written consent by Representative Director of AKEMD. As used here:
Note1) A critical component is one whose failure to function or perform may reasonably be expected to result,
whether directly or indirectly, in the loss of the safety or effectiveness of the device or system containing it, and
which must therefore meet very high standards of performance and reliability.
Note2) A hazard related device or system is one designed or intended for life support or maintenance of safety or
for applications in medicine, aerospace, nuclear energy, or other fields, in which its failure to function or perform
may reasonably be expected to result in loss of life or in significant injury or damage to person or property.
z It is the responsibility of the buyer or distributor of AKEMD products, who distributes, disposes of, or otherwise
places the product with a third party, to notify such third party in advance of the above content and conditions, and the
buyer or distributor agrees to assume any and all responsibility and liability for and hold AKEMD harmless from any
and all claims arising from the use of said product in the absence of such notification.
2009/03
MS0294-E-03
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