LMC6482 www.ti.com SNOS674D – NOVEMBER 1997 – REVISED MARCH 2013 LMC6482 CMOS Dual Rail-To-Rail Input and Output Operational Amplifier Check for Samples: LMC6482 FEATURES APPLICATIONS • • • • • • • 1 2 • • • • • • • (Typical Unless Otherwise Noted) Rail-to-Rail Input Common-Mode Voltage Range (Ensured Over Temperature) Rail-to-Rail Output Swing (within 20mV of Supply Rail, 100kΩ Load) Ensured 3V, 5V and 15V Performance Excellent CMRR and PSRR: 82dB Ultra Low Input Current: 20fA High Voltage Gain (RL = 500kΩ): 130dB Specified for 2kΩ and 600Ω Loads Available in VSSOP Package • Data Acquisition Systems Transducer Amplifiers Hand-held Analytic Instruments Medical Instrumentation Active Filter, Peak Detector, Sample and Hold, pH Meter, Current Source Improved Replacement for TLC272, TLC277 DESCRIPTION The LMC6482 provides a common-mode range that extends to both supply rails. This rail-to-rail performance combined with excellent accuracy, due to a high CMRR, makes it unique among rail-to-rail input amplifiers. It is ideal for systems, such as data acquisition, that require a large input signal range. The LMC6482 is also an excellent upgrade for circuits using limited common-mode range amplifiers such as the TLC272 and TLC277. Maximum dynamic signal range is assured in low voltage and single supply systems by the LMC6482's rail-to-rail output swing. The LMC6482's rail-to-rail output swing is ensured for loads down to 600Ω. Ensured low voltage characteristics and low power dissipation make the LMC6482 especially well-suited for battery-operated systems. LMC6482 is also available in VSSOP package which is almost half the size of a SOIC-8 device. See the LMC6484 data sheet for a Quad CMOS operational amplifier with these same features. 3V Single Supply Buffer Circuit Figure 1. Rail-To-Rail Input Figure 2. Figure 3. Rail-To-Rail Output 1 2 Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. All trademarks are the property of their respective owners. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Copyright © 1997–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated LMC6482 SNOS674D – NOVEMBER 1997 – REVISED MARCH 2013 www.ti.com Connection Diagram These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates. Absolute Maximum Ratings (1) (2) ESD Tolerance (3) 1.5kV Differential Input Voltage ±Supply Voltage (V+) +0.3V, (V−) −0.3V Voltage at Input/Output Pin Supply Voltage (V+ − V−) Current at Input Pin 16V (4) Current at Output Pin ±5mA (5) (6) ±30mA Current at Power Supply Pin 40mA Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec.) 260°C −65°C to +150°C Storage Temperature Range Junction Temperature (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (7) 150°C Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is intended to be functional, but specific performance is not ensured. For ensured specifications and the test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the TI Sales Office/Distributors for availability and specifications. Human body model, 1.5kΩ in series with 100pF. All pins rated per method 3015.6 of MIL-STD-883. This is a Class 1 device rating. Limiting input pin current is only necessary for input voltages that exceed absolute maximum input voltage ratings. Applies to both single-supply and split-supply operation. Continuous short circuit operation at elevated ambient temperature can result in exceeding the maximum allowed junction temperature of 150°C. Output currents in excess of ±30mA over long term may adversely affect reliability. Do not short circuit output to V+, when V+ is greater than 13V or reliability will be adversely affected. The maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max), θJA, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is PD = (TJ(max) − TA)/θJA. All numbers apply for packages soldered directly into a PC board. Operating Ratings 3.0V ≤ V+ ≤ 15.5V Supply Voltage Junction Temperature Range −55°C ≤ TJ ≤ +125°C LMC6482AM −40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +85°C LMC6482AI, LMC6482I Thermal Resistance (θJA) P0008E Package, 8-Pin PDIP 90°C/W D0008A Package, 8-Pin SOIC 155°C/W DGK0008A Package, 8-Pin VSSOP (1) 2 194°C/W Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is intended to be functional, but specific performance is not ensured. For ensured specifications and the test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1997–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6482 LMC6482 www.ti.com SNOS674D – NOVEMBER 1997 – REVISED MARCH 2013 DC Electrical Characteristics Unless otherwise specified, all limits specified for TJ = 25°C, V+ = 5V, V− = 0V, VCM = VO = V+/2 and RL > 1M. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. Parameter Test Conditions Typ (1) LMC6482AI LMC6482I LMC6482M Limit Limit Limit (2) VOS Input Offset Voltage TCVOS IB 0.11 Input Offset Voltage Average Drift Input Current (2) 0.750 3.0 3.0 mV 1.35 3.7 3.8 max μV/°C 1.0 (3) 0.02 Units (2) 4.0 4.0 10.0 pA max IOS Input Offset Current (3) 0.01 2.0 2.0 5.0 pA max CIN Common-Mode Input Capacitance RIN Input Resistance CMRR Common Mode Rejection Ratio 3 >10 0V ≤ VCM ≤ 15.0V V+ = 15V 82 0V ≤ VCM ≤ 5.0V V+ = 5V 82 65 65 67 62 60 70 65 65 67 62 60 70 65 65 dB 67 62 60 min 70 65 65 dB 67 62 60 min V− − 0.3 − 0.25 − 0.25 − 0.25 V 0 0 0 max V+ + 0.3V V+ + 0.25 V+ + 0.25 V+ + 0.25 V V+ V+ V+ min 140 120 120 V/mV 84 72 60 min 35 35 35 V/mV 20 20 18 min 80 50 50 V/mV 48 30 25 min 20 15 15 V/mV 13 10 8 min Positive Power Supply Rejection Ratio 5V ≤ V+ ≤ 15V, V− = 0V VO = 2.5V 82 −PSRR Negative Power Supply Rejection Ratio −5V ≤ V− ≤ −15V, V+ = 0V VO = −2.5V 82 Input Common-Mode Voltage Range V+ = 5V and 15V For CMRR ≥ 50dB AV Large Signal Voltage Gain RL = 2kΩ (4) (5) RL = 600Ω (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (4) (5) Sourcing TeraΩ 70 +PSRR VCM pF 666 Sinking 75 Sourcing 300 Sinking 35 dB min Typical Values represent the most likely parametric norm. All limits are specified by testing or statistical analysis. Ensured limits are dictated by tester limitations and not device performance. Actual performance is reflected in the typical value. V+ = 15V, VCM = 7.5V and RL connected to 7.5V. For Sourcing tests, 7.5V ≤ VO ≤ 11.5V. For Sinking tests, 3.5V ≤ VO ≤ 7.5V. Ensured limits are dictated by tester limitations and not device performance. Actual performance is reflected in the typical value. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1997–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6482 3 LMC6482 SNOS674D – NOVEMBER 1997 – REVISED MARCH 2013 www.ti.com DC Electrical Characteristics (continued) Unless otherwise specified, all limits specified for TJ = 25°C, V+ = 5V, V− = 0V, VCM = VO = V+/2 and RL > 1M. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. Parameter VO Output Swing Test Conditions V+ = 5V RL = 2kΩ to V+/2 Typ (1) 4.9 0.1 V+ = 5V RL = 600Ω to V+/2 4.7 0.3 (6) Supply Current (2) 4.8 4.8 4.8 V 4.7 4.7 4.7 min 0.18 0.18 0.18 V 0.24 0.24 0.24 max 4.5 4.5 4.5 V 4.24 4.24 4.24 min 0.5 V 0.65 max 14.4 14.4 14.4 V 14.2 14.2 14.2 min 0.32 0.32 0.32 V 0.45 0.45 0.45 max 13.4 13.4 13.4 V 13.0 13.0 13.0 min 1.0 1.0 1.0 V 1.3 1.3 1.3 max 16 16 16 mA 12 12 10 min 11 11 11 mA 9.5 9.5 8.0 min 28 28 28 mA 22 22 20 min 30 30 30 30 mA 24 24 22 min Both Amplifiers V+ = +5V, VO = V+/2 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.4 mA 1.8 1.8 1.9 max Both Amplifiers V+ = 15V, VO = V+/2 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.6 mA 1.9 1.9 2.0 max 14.7 14.1 Sourcing, VO = 0V 20 Sinking, VO = 5V 15 Sourcing, VO = 0V 30 Sinking, VO = 12V IS Units (2) 0.5 0.5 Output Short Circuit Current V+ = 15V Limit (2) 0.65 V+ = 15V RL = 600Ω to V+/2 ISC LMC6482M Limit 0.5 0.16 Output Short Circuit Current V+ = 5V LMC6482I Limit 0.65 V+ = 15V RL = 2kΩ to V+/2 ISC LMC6482AI (6) Do not short circuit output to V+, when V+ is greater than 13V or reliability will be adversely affected. AC Electrical Characteristics Unless otherwise specified, all limits specified for TJ = 25°C, V+ = 5V, V− = 0V, VCM = VO = V+/2, and RL > 1M. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. Parameter SR Slew Rate GBW Gain-Bandwidth Product φm Phase Margin (1) (2) (3) 4 Test Conditions (3) V+ = 15V Typ (1) 1.3 LMC6482AI LMC6482I LMC6482M Limit Limit Limit (2) (2) (2) 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.63 0.54 Units V/μs min 1.5 MHz 50 Deg Typical Values represent the most likely parametric norm. All limits are specified by testing or statistical analysis. V+ = 15V. Connected as Voltage Follower with 10V step input. Number specified is the slower of either the positive or negative slew rates. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1997–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6482 LMC6482 www.ti.com SNOS674D – NOVEMBER 1997 – REVISED MARCH 2013 AC Electrical Characteristics (continued) Unless otherwise specified, all limits specified for TJ = 25°C, V+ = 5V, V− = 0V, VCM = VO = V+/2, and RL > 1M. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. Parameter LMC6482AI LMC6482I LMC6482M Limit Limit Limit Typ Test Conditions (1) (2) Gm Gain Margin (4) Amp-to-Amp Isolation Units (2) 15 dB 150 dB en Input-Referred Voltage Noise F = 1kHz Vcm = 1V 37 In Input-Referred Current Noise F = 1kHz 0.03 T.H.D. Total Harmonic Distortion F = 10kHz, AV = −2 RL = 10kΩ, VO = 4.1 VPP 0.01 F = 10kHz, AV = −2 RL = 10kΩ, VO = 8.5 VPP V+ = 10V 0.01 (4) (2) nV/√Hz pA/√Hz % % Input referred, V+ = 15V and RL = 100 kΩ connected to 7.5V. Each amp excited in turn with 1 kHz to produce VO = 12 VPP. DC Electrical Characteristics Unless otherwise specified, all limits specified for TJ = 25°C, V+ = 3V, V− = 0V, VCM = VO = V+/2 and RL > 1M. Parameter VOS Test Conditions Input Offset Voltage LMC6482AI LMC6482I LMC6482M Limit Limit Limit Typ (1) 0.9 Units (2) (2) (2) 2.0 3.0 3.0 mV 2.7 3.7 3.8 max TCVOS Input Offset Voltage Average Drift 2.0 μV/°C IB Input Bias Current 0.02 pA IOS Input Offset Current 0.01 CMRR Common Mode Rejection 0V ≤ VCM ≤ 3V Ratio PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio 3V ≤ V+ ≤ 15V, V− = 0V VCM Input Common-Mode Voltage Range For CMRR ≥ 50dB VO Output Swing RL = 2kΩ to V+/2 + RL = 600Ω to V /2 IS (1) (2) Supply Current Both Amplifiers pA 74 64 60 60 dB min 80 68 60 60 dB min V− −0.25 0 0 0 V max V+ + 0.25 V+ V+ V+ V min 2.8 V 0.2 V 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.5 V min 0.37 0.6 0.6 0.6 V max 0.825 1.2 1.2 1.2 mA 1.5 1.5 1.6 max Typical Values represent the most likely parametric norm. All limits are specified by testing or statistical analysis. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1997–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6482 5 LMC6482 SNOS674D – NOVEMBER 1997 – REVISED MARCH 2013 www.ti.com AC Electrical Characteristics Unless otherwise specified, V+ = 3V, V− = 0V, VCM = VO = V+/2, and RL > 1M. Parameter SR Slew Rate GBW Gain-Bandwidth Product T.H.D. Total Harmonic Distortion (1) (2) (3) 6 Test Conditions (3) F = 10kHz, AV = −2 RL = 10kΩ, VO = 2 VPP Typ (1) LMC6482AI Limit (2) LMC6482I Limit (2) LMC6482M Limit (2) Units 0.9 V/μs 1.0 MHz 0.01 % Typical Values represent the most likely parametric norm. All limits are specified by testing or statistical analysis. Connected as voltage Follower with 2V step input. Number specified is the slower of either the positive or negative slew rates. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1997–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6482 LMC6482 www.ti.com SNOS674D – NOVEMBER 1997 – REVISED MARCH 2013 Typical Performance Characteristics VS = +15V, Single Supply, TA = 25°C unless otherwise specified Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage Input Current vs. Temperature Figure 4. Figure 5. Sourcing Current vs. Output Voltage Sourcing Current vs. Output Voltage Figure 6. Figure 7. Sourcing Current vs. Output Voltage Sinking Current vs. Output Voltage Figure 8. Figure 9. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1997–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6482 7 LMC6482 SNOS674D – NOVEMBER 1997 – REVISED MARCH 2013 www.ti.com Typical Performance Characteristics (continued) VS = +15V, Single Supply, TA = 25°C unless otherwise specified 8 Sinking Current vs. Output Voltage Sinking Current vs. Output Voltage Figure 10. Figure 11. Output Voltage Swing vs. Supply Voltage Input Voltage Noise vs. Frequency Figure 12. Figure 13. Input Voltage Noise vs. Input Voltage Input Voltage Noise vs. Input Voltage Figure 14. Figure 15. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1997–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6482 LMC6482 www.ti.com SNOS674D – NOVEMBER 1997 – REVISED MARCH 2013 Typical Performance Characteristics (continued) VS = +15V, Single Supply, TA = 25°C unless otherwise specified Input Voltage Noise vs. Input Voltage Crosstalk Rejection vs. Frequency Figure 16. Figure 17. Crosstalk Rejection vs. Frequency Positive PSRR vs. Frequency Figure 18. Figure 19. Negative PSRR vs. Frequency CMRR vs. Frequency Figure 20. Figure 21. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1997–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6482 9 LMC6482 SNOS674D – NOVEMBER 1997 – REVISED MARCH 2013 www.ti.com Typical Performance Characteristics (continued) VS = +15V, Single Supply, TA = 25°C unless otherwise specified 10 CMRR vs. Input Voltage CMRR vs. Input Voltage Figure 22. Figure 23. CMRR vs. Input Voltage ΔVOS vs. CMR Figure 24. Figure 25. ΔVOS vs. CMR Input Voltage vs. Output Voltage Figure 26. Figure 27. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1997–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6482 LMC6482 www.ti.com SNOS674D – NOVEMBER 1997 – REVISED MARCH 2013 Typical Performance Characteristics (continued) VS = +15V, Single Supply, TA = 25°C unless otherwise specified Input Voltage vs. Output Voltage Open Loop Frequency Response Figure 28. Figure 29. Open Loop Frequency Response Open Loop Frequency Response vs. Temperature Figure 30. Figure 31. Maximum Output Swing vs. Frequency Gain and Phase vs. Capacitive Load Figure 32. Figure 33. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1997–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6482 11 LMC6482 SNOS674D – NOVEMBER 1997 – REVISED MARCH 2013 www.ti.com Typical Performance Characteristics (continued) VS = +15V, Single Supply, TA = 25°C unless otherwise specified 12 Gain and Phase vs. Capacitive Load Open Loop Output Impedance vs. Frequency Figure 34. Figure 35. Open Loop Output Impedance vs. Frequency Slew Rate vs. Supply Voltage Figure 36. Figure 37. Non-Inverting Large Signal Pulse Response Non-Inverting Large Signal Pulse Response Figure 38. Figure 39. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1997–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6482 LMC6482 www.ti.com SNOS674D – NOVEMBER 1997 – REVISED MARCH 2013 Typical Performance Characteristics (continued) VS = +15V, Single Supply, TA = 25°C unless otherwise specified Non-Inverting Large Signal Pulse Response Non-Inverting Small Signal Pulse Response Figure 40. Figure 41. Non-Inverting Small Signal Pulse Response Non-Inverting Small Signal Pulse Response Figure 42. Figure 43. Inverting Large Signal Pulse Response Inverting Large Signal Pulse Response Figure 44. Figure 45. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1997–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6482 13 LMC6482 SNOS674D – NOVEMBER 1997 – REVISED MARCH 2013 www.ti.com Typical Performance Characteristics (continued) VS = +15V, Single Supply, TA = 25°C unless otherwise specified 14 Inverting Large Signal Pulse Response Inverting Small Signal Pulse Response Figure 46. Figure 47. Inverting Small Signal Pulse Response Inverting Small Signal Pulse Response Figure 48. Figure 49. Stability vs. Capacitive Load Stability vs. Capacitive Load Figure 50. Figure 51. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1997–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6482 LMC6482 www.ti.com SNOS674D – NOVEMBER 1997 – REVISED MARCH 2013 Typical Performance Characteristics (continued) VS = +15V, Single Supply, TA = 25°C unless otherwise specified Stability vs. Capacitive Load Stability vs. Capacitive Load Figure 52. Figure 53. Stability vs. Capacitive Load Stability vs. Capacitive Load Figure 54. Figure 55. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1997–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6482 15 LMC6482 SNOS674D – NOVEMBER 1997 – REVISED MARCH 2013 www.ti.com APPLICATION INFORMATION AMPLIFIER TOPOLOGY The LMC6482 incorporates specially designed wide-compliance range current mirrors and the body effect to extend input common mode range to each supply rail. Complementary paralleled differential input stages, like the type used in other CMOS and bipolar rail-to-rail input amplifiers, were not used because of their inherent accuracy problems due to CMRR, cross-over distortion, and open-loop gain variation. The LMC6482's input stage design is complemented by an output stage capable of rail-to-rail output swing even when driving a large load. Rail-to-rail output swing is obtained by taking the output directly from the internal integrator instead of an output buffer stage. INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE RANGE Unlike Bi-FET amplifier designs, the LMC6482 does not exhibit phase inversion when an input voltage exceeds the negative supply voltage. Figure 56 shows an input voltage exceeding both supplies with no resulting phase inversion on the output. An input voltage signal exceeds the lmc6482 power supply voltages with no output phase inversion. Figure 56. Input Voltage The absolute maximum input voltage is 300mV beyond either supply rail at room temperature. Voltages greatly exceeding this absolute maximum rating, as in Figure 57, can cause excessive current to flow in or out of the input pins possibly affecting reliability. 16 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1997–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6482 LMC6482 www.ti.com SNOS674D – NOVEMBER 1997 – REVISED MARCH 2013 A ±7.5V input signal greatly exceeds the 3V supply in Figure 58 causing no phase inversion due to RI. Figure 57. Input Signal Applications that exceed this rating must externally limit the maximum input current to ±5mA with an input resistor (RI) as shown in Figure 58. RI input current protection for voltages exceeding the supply voltages. Figure 58. RI Input Current Protection for Voltages Exceeding the Supply Voltages RAIL-TO-RAIL OUTPUT The approximated output resistance of the LMC6482 is 180Ω sourcing and 130Ω sinking at VS = 3V and 110Ω sourcing and 80Ω sinking at Vs = 5V. Using the calculated output resistance, maximum output voltage swing can be estimated as a function of load. CAPACITIVE LOAD TOLERANCE The LMC6482 can typically directly drive a 100pF load with VS = 15V at unity gain without oscillating. The unity gain follower is the most sensitive configuration. Direct capacitive loading reduces the phase margin of op-amps. The combination of the op-amp's output impedance and the capacitive load induces phase lag. This results in either an under damped pulse response or oscillation. Capacitive load compensation can be accomplished using resistive isolation as shown in Figure 59. This simple technique is useful for isolating the capacitive inputs of multiplexers and A/D converters. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1997–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6482 17 LMC6482 SNOS674D – NOVEMBER 1997 – REVISED MARCH 2013 www.ti.com Figure 59. Resistive Isolation of a 330pF Capacitive Load Figure 60. Pulse Response of the LMC6482 Circuit in Figure 59 Improved frequency response is achieved by indirectly driving capacitive loads, as shown in Figure 61. Compensated to handle a 330pF capacitive load. Figure 61. LMC6482 Noninverting Amplifier R1 and C1 serve to counteract the loss of phase margin by feeding forward the high frequency component of the output signal back to the amplifiers inverting input, thereby preserving phase margin in the overall feedback loop. The values of R1 and C1 are experimentally determined for the desired pulse response. The resulting pulse response can be seen in Figure 62. 18 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1997–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6482 LMC6482 www.ti.com SNOS674D – NOVEMBER 1997 – REVISED MARCH 2013 Figure 62. Pulse Response of LMC6482 Circuit in Figure 61 COMPENSATING FOR INPUT CAPACITANCE It is quite common to use large values of feedback resistance with amplifiers that have ultra-low input current, like the LMC6482. Large feedback resistors can react with small values of input capacitance due to transducers, photo diodes, and circuits board parasitics to reduce phase margins. Figure 63. Canceling the Effect of Input Capacitance Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1997–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6482 19 LMC6482 SNOS674D – NOVEMBER 1997 – REVISED MARCH 2013 www.ti.com The effect of input capacitance can be compensated for by adding a feedback capacitor. The feedback capacitor (as in Figure 63), Cf, is first estimated by: (1) or R1 CIN ≤ R2 Cf (2) which typically provides significant overcompensation. Printed circuit board stray capacitance may be larger or smaller than that of a bread-board, so the actual optimum value for Cf may be different. The values of Cf should be checked on the actual circuit. (Refer to the LMC660 quad CMOS amplifier data sheet for a more detailed discussion.) PRINTED-CIRCUIT-BOARD LAYOUT FOR HIGH-IMPEDANCE WORK It is generally recognized that any circuit which must operate with less than 1000pA of leakage current requires special layout of the PC board. When one wishes to take advantage of the ultra-low input current of the LMC6482, typically less than 20fA, it is essential to have an excellent layout. Fortunately, the techniques of obtaining low leakages are quite simple. First, the user must not ignore the surface leakage of the PC board, even through it may sometimes appear acceptably low, because under conditions of high humidity or dust or contamination, the surface leakage will be appreciable. To minimize the effect of any surface leakage, lay out a ring of foil completely surrounding the LM6482's inputs and the terminals of capacitors, diodes, conductors, resistors, relay terminals, etc. connected to the op-amp's inputs, as in Figure 64. To have a significant effect, guard rings should be placed on both the top and bottom of the PC board. This PC foil must then be connected to a voltage which is at the same voltage as the amplifier inputs, since no leakage current can flow between two points at the same potential. For example, a PC board trace-to-pad resistance of 1012Ω, which is normally considered a very large resistance, could leak 5pA if the trace were a 5V bus adjacent to the pad of the input. This would cause a 250 times degradation from the LMC6482's actual performance. However, if a guard ring is held within 5 mV of the inputs, then even a resistance of 1011Ω would cause only 0.05pA of leakage current. See Figure 65 through Figure 67 for typical connections of guard rings for standard op-amp configurations. Figure 64. Example of Guard Ring in P.C. Board Layout Typical Connections of Guard Rings 20 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1997–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6482 LMC6482 www.ti.com SNOS674D – NOVEMBER 1997 – REVISED MARCH 2013 Figure 65. Inverting Amplifier Typical Connections of Guard Rings Figure 66. Non-Inverting Amplifier Typical Connections of Guard Rings Figure 67. Follower Typical Connections of Guard Rings The designer should be aware that when it is inappropriate to lay out a PC board for the sake of just a few circuits, there is another technique which is even better than a guard ring on a PC board: Don't insert the amplifier's input pin into the board at all, but bend it up in the air and use only air as an insulator. Air is an excellent insulator. In this case you may have to forego some of the advantages of PC board construction, but the advantages are sometimes well worth the effort of using point-to-point up-in-the-air wiring. See Figure 68. (Input pins are lifted out of PC board and soldered directly to components. All other pins connected to PC board.) Figure 68. Air Wiring OFFSET VOLTAGE ADJUSTMENT Offset voltage adjustment circuits are illustrated in Figure 69 and Figure 70. Large value resistances and potentiometers are used to reduce power consumption while providing typically ±2.5mV of adjustment range, referred to the input, for both configurations with VS = ±5V. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1997–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6482 21 LMC6482 SNOS674D – NOVEMBER 1997 – REVISED MARCH 2013 www.ti.com V+ R4 R3 500 k: 5V - VIN 1 LMC6482 2 1 M: VOUT + 1 k: -5V 499: 500 k: VOUT V- VIN =- R4 R3 V- Figure 69. Inverting Configuration Offset Voltage Adjustment Figure 70. Non-Inverting Configuration Offset Voltage Adjustment UPGRADING APPLICATIONS The LMC6484 quads and LMC6482 duals have industry standard pin outs to retrofit existing applications. System performance can be greatly increased by the LMC6482's features. The key benefit of designing in the LMC6482 is increased linear signal range. Most op-amps have limited input common mode ranges. Signals that exceed this range generate a non-linear output response that persists long after the input signal returns to the common mode range. Linear signal range is vital in applications such as filters where signal peaking can exceed input common mode ranges resulting in output phase inversion or severe distortion. DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS Low power, single supply data acquisition system solutions are provided by buffering the ADC12038 with the LMC6482 (Figure 71). Capable of using the full supply range, the LMC6482 does not require input signals to be scaled down to meet limited common mode voltage ranges. The LMC4282 CMRR of 82dB maintains integral linearity of a 12-bit data acquisition system to ±0.325 LSB. Other rail-to-rail input amplifiers with only 50dB of CMRR will degrade the accuracy of the data acquisition system to only 8 bits. 22 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1997–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6482 LMC6482 www.ti.com SNOS674D – NOVEMBER 1997 – REVISED MARCH 2013 Operating from the same supply voltage, the LMC6482 buffers the ADC12038 maintaining excellent accuracy. Figure 71. Buffering the ADC12038 with the LMC6482 INSTRUMENTATION CIRCUITS The LMC6482 has the high input impedance, large common-mode range and high CMRR needed for designing instrumentation circuits. Instrumentation circuits designed with the LMC6482 can reject a larger range of common-mode signals than most in-amps. This makes instrumentation circuits designed with the LMC6482 an excellent choice of noisy or industrial environments. Other applications that benefit from these features include analytic medical instruments, magnetic field detectors, gas detectors, and silicon-based transducers. A small valued potentiometer is used in series with Rg to set the differential gain of the 3 op-amp instrumentation circuit in Figure 72. This combination is used instead of one large valued potentiometer to increase gain trim accuracy and reduce error due to vibration. Figure 72. Low Power 3 Op-Amp Instrumentation Amplifier A 2 op-amp instrumentation amplifier designed for a gain of 100 is shown in Figure 73. Low sensitivity trimming is made for offset voltage, CMRR and gain. Low cost and low power consumption are the main advantages of this two op-amp circuit. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1997–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6482 23 LMC6482 SNOS674D – NOVEMBER 1997 – REVISED MARCH 2013 www.ti.com Higher frequency and larger common-mode range applications are best facilitated by a three op-amp instrumentation amplifier. Figure 73. Low-Power Two-Op-Amp Instrumentation Amplifier SPICE MACROMODEL A • • • • • spice macromodel is available for the LMC6482. This model includes accurate simulation of: Input common-mode voltage range Frequency and transient response GBW dependence on loading conditions Quiescent and dynamic supply current Output swing dependence on loading conditions and many more characteristics as listed on the macromodel disk. Contact your local Texas Instruments sales office to obtain an operational amplifier spice model library disk. Typical Single-Supply Applications Figure 74. Half-Wave Rectifier with Input Current Protection (RI) Figure 75. Half-Wave Rectifier Waveform 24 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1997–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6482 LMC6482 www.ti.com SNOS674D – NOVEMBER 1997 – REVISED MARCH 2013 The circuit in Figure 74 uses a single supply to half wave rectify a sinusoid centered about ground. RI limits current into the amplifier caused by the input voltage exceeding the supply voltage. Full wave rectification is provided by the circuit in Figure 76. Figure 76. Full Wave Rectifier with Input Current Protection (RI) Figure 77. Full Wave Rectifier Waveform Figure 78. Large Compliance Range Current Source Figure 79. Positive Supply Current Sense Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1997–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6482 25 LMC6482 SNOS674D – NOVEMBER 1997 – REVISED MARCH 2013 www.ti.com Figure 80. Low Voltage Peak Detector with Rail-to-Rail Peak Capture Range In Figure 80 dielectric absorption and leakage is minimized by using a polystyrene or polyethylene hold capacitor. The droop rate is primarily determined by the value of CH and diode leakage current. The ultra-low input current of the LMC6482 has a negligible effect on droop. Figure 81. Rail-to-Rail Sample and Hold The LMC6482's high CMRR (82dB) allows excellent accuracy throughout the circuit's rail-to-rail dynamic capture range. Figure 82. Rail-to-Rail Single Supply Low Pass Filter The low pass filter circuit in Figure 82 can be used as an anti-aliasing filter with the same voltage supply as the A/D converter. Filter designs can also take advantage of the LMC6482 ultra-low input current. The ultra-low input current yields negligible offset error even when large value resistors are used. This in turn allows the use of smaller valued capacitors which take less board space and cost less. 26 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1997–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6482 LMC6482 www.ti.com SNOS674D – NOVEMBER 1997 – REVISED MARCH 2013 REVISION HISTORY Changes from Revision C (March 2013) to Revision D • Page Changed layout of National Data Sheet to TI format .......................................................................................................... 26 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1997–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6482 27 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 11-Apr-2013 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Pins Package Drawing Qty Eco Plan Lead/Ball Finish (2) MSL Peak Temp Op Temp (°C) Top-Side Markings (3) (4) LMC6482AIM ACTIVE SOIC D 8 95 TBD Call TI Call TI -40 to 85 LMC64 82AIM LMC6482AIM/NOPB ACTIVE SOIC D 8 95 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 LMC64 82AIM LMC6482AIMX ACTIVE SOIC D 8 2500 TBD Call TI Call TI -40 to 85 LMC64 82AIM LMC6482AIMX/NOPB ACTIVE SOIC D 8 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 LMC64 82AIM LMC6482AIN ACTIVE PDIP P 8 40 TBD Call TI Call TI -40 to 85 LMC64 82AIN LMC6482AIN/NOPB ACTIVE PDIP P 8 40 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Call TI Level-1-NA-UNLIM -40 to 85 LMC64 82AIN LMC6482IM ACTIVE SOIC D 8 95 TBD Call TI Call TI -40 to 85 LMC64 82IM LMC6482IM/NOPB ACTIVE SOIC D 8 95 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 LMC64 82IM LMC6482IMM ACTIVE VSSOP DGK 8 1000 TBD Call TI Call TI -40 to 85 A10 LMC6482IMM/NOPB ACTIVE VSSOP DGK 8 1000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 A10 LMC6482IMMX ACTIVE VSSOP DGK 8 3500 TBD Call TI Call TI -40 to 85 A10 LMC6482IMMX/NOPB ACTIVE VSSOP DGK 8 3500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 A10 LMC6482IMX ACTIVE SOIC D 8 2500 TBD Call TI Call TI -40 to 85 LMC64 82IM LMC6482IMX/NOPB ACTIVE SOIC D 8 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 LMC64 82IM LMC6482IN ACTIVE PDIP P 8 40 TBD Call TI Call TI -40 to 85 LMC6482IN LMC6482IN/NOPB ACTIVE PDIP P 8 40 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) SN Level-1-NA-UNLIM -40 to 85 LMC6482IN (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. Addendum-Page 1 Samples PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 11-Apr-2013 NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. (4) Multiple Top-Side Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Top-Side Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuation of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Top-Side Marking for that device. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. 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Addendum-Page 2 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 26-Mar-2013 TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION *All dimensions are nominal Device LMC6482AIMX Package Package Pins Type Drawing SOIC SPQ Reel Reel A0 Diameter Width (mm) (mm) W1 (mm) B0 (mm) K0 (mm) P1 (mm) W Pin1 (mm) Quadrant D 8 2500 330.0 12.4 6.5 5.4 2.0 8.0 12.0 Q1 LMC6482AIMX/NOPB SOIC D 8 2500 330.0 12.4 6.5 5.4 2.0 8.0 12.0 Q1 LMC6482IMM VSSOP DGK 8 1000 178.0 12.4 5.3 3.4 1.4 8.0 12.0 Q1 LMC6482IMM/NOPB VSSOP DGK 8 1000 178.0 12.4 5.3 3.4 1.4 8.0 12.0 Q1 LMC6482IMMX VSSOP DGK 8 3500 330.0 12.4 5.3 3.4 1.4 8.0 12.0 Q1 LMC6482IMMX/NOPB VSSOP DGK 8 3500 330.0 12.4 5.3 3.4 1.4 8.0 12.0 Q1 LMC6482IMX SOIC D 8 2500 330.0 12.4 6.5 5.4 2.0 8.0 12.0 Q1 LMC6482IMX/NOPB SOIC D 8 2500 330.0 12.4 6.5 5.4 2.0 8.0 12.0 Q1 Pack Materials-Page 1 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 26-Mar-2013 *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) LMC6482AIMX SOIC D 8 2500 367.0 367.0 35.0 LMC6482AIMX/NOPB SOIC D 8 2500 367.0 367.0 35.0 LMC6482IMM VSSOP DGK 8 1000 210.0 185.0 35.0 LMC6482IMM/NOPB VSSOP DGK 8 1000 210.0 185.0 35.0 LMC6482IMMX VSSOP DGK 8 3500 367.0 367.0 35.0 LMC6482IMMX/NOPB VSSOP DGK 8 3500 367.0 367.0 35.0 LMC6482IMX SOIC D 8 2500 367.0 367.0 35.0 LMC6482IMX/NOPB SOIC D 8 2500 367.0 367.0 35.0 Pack Materials-Page 2 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, enhancements, improvements and other changes to its semiconductor products and services per JESD46, latest issue, and to discontinue any product or service per JESD48, latest issue. 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