® P U L S E B U R S T R A D A R M The Total Spectrum of Solutions Magnetrol’s products employ a number of technologies to meet the challenges of level and flow control. Pulsar® and Model R82 Radar Transmitters utilize Pulse Burst Radar for accurate and reliable level control. agnetrol International M —a world leader in level and flow measurement technology— designs, manufactures, markets and PULSAR MODEL RX5 R82 services level and flow instrumentation worldwide. Magnetrol’s product groups are based upon these technologies: • Buoyancy C O N T E N T S • Contact Ultrasound • Non-Contact Ultrasound • Level Sensing with Pulse Burst Radar 3 • Anatomy of a Pulsar Transmitter 6 • Pulsar Specifications 7 • Guided Wave Radar • Pulse Burst Radar • RF Capacitance • Thermal Dispersion • Vibration • Anatomy of a R82 Transmitter 8 • R82 Specifications 9 • Application Suitability 10 • PACTware™ for Pulsar and the R82 11 • Magnetrol Contact Information 12 • Visual Indication The industries we serve include: • Petroleum Production • Petroleum Refining • Power Generation • Petrochemical • Chemical • Water & Wastewater • Pulp & Paper • Food & Beverage • Pharmaceutical 2 Liquid Level Sensing with Pulse Burst Radar EVOLUTION. First developed during WWII, practi- select the one generated by true level. Pulse Burst Radar also has excellent averaging characteristics, important in those applications where a return signal is attenuated by the factors described below. Unlike true pulse devices that transmit a single, sharp (fast rise-time) waveform of wide-band energy, Magnetrol products emit short bursts of 5.8/6.3 GHz (Pulsar) or 26 GHz (Model R82) energy and measures the transit time of the signal reflected from the liquid surface. Distance is calculated utilizing the equation: cal radar instrumentation has grown to include a myriad of sensors and transmitters. Today, radar serves us in applications that range from the commonplace to the cosmic. Radar maps the topology of distant planets and pinpoints weather fronts on Distance = C × Transit time (C = speed of light) 2 earth (doppler radar); it automatiThe Level value is then developed by factoring in Tank cally opens supermarket doors (continuous wave Height and Sensor Offset information. The exact referradar); and it cooks our meals with microwaves (cavity ence point for distance and level calculations is the magnetron radar). Radar is presently the fastest growing Sensor Reference Point—bottom of an NPT thread, top measurement technology for industrial level control. of a BSP thread, or face of a flange. But radar’s beginnings were less than auspicious. Equivalent Time Sampling (ETS) measures the high Early level instruments were costly, bulky, over-specialspeed, low power electromagnetic energy (EM). ETS is ized and complicated. The development of simpler, less critical in the application of radar to vessel level meascostly and easier-to-use devices would be made possible urement. The high-speed EM energy is difficult to measby solid state components and by a growing fund of ure over short distances and at the resolution required applications knowledge. in the process industry. ETS captures the EM signals in TYPES. Radar level sensing devices detect the real time (nanoseconds) and reconstructs them in position of process liquids by measuring the interval equivalent time (milliseconds), which is much easier to between the emission and return of high frequency measure with today’s technology. radio waves. Guided Wave Radar, used by Magnetrol’s ETS is accomplished by scanning the waveguide to Eclipse® and Horizon™ transmitters, is a contact technology collect thousands of samples. The round trip event on a that launches its signal along a waveguide that runs 65 foot (20 meter) tank takes only 133 nanoseconds in directly into the process media. Pulse Burst Radar, utireal time. After it is reconstructed in equivalent time it lized by Pulsar® and the Model R82, is a non-contact measures 200 milliseconds. technology that launches its signal into open air along a THE THREE Ds. Radar applications are influenced trajectory directed toward the process media. by three basic conditions: (1) the Dielectric of the PULSE RADAR. Of the two operational technoloprocess medium; (2) the Distance, or measuring range gies commonly used for radar, Magnetrol products employ a pulse burst approach rather than frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW). Pulse Burst Radar operates in the time domain and does not require 500 ns complex and expensive processing as needed to 1 ns enable FMCW. Because echoes are discrete and separated in time, Pulse Burst Radar is better able to sort through extraneous echoes and 3 of the application; and (3) a variety of Disturbances that attenuate or distort the radar signal. The Distance, or measurement range, is a function of the instrument’s frequency and selected antenna, the dielectric constant of the media, and the presence of signal interference. Disturbances caused by turbulence, foam, false targets (interior tank obstructions causing false echoes), multiple reflections (reflections from off the tank roof), or a high rate of level change, can weaken, scatter or multiply radar signals. Very high and very low liquid levels can also be problematic. SIGNAL PROCESSING. Radar’s signal processing function is critically important because radar exhibits interference effects similar to those that affect light. It is the quality of a device’s signal processing that separates today’s leading-edge radar transmitters from the others. Most disturbances mentioned above can be readily managed by Pulsar and Model R82 signal processing capabilities where true level can be extracted from false targets and other background noise. Using extremely energy-efficient circuits, no duty cycling is necessary to accomplish effective measurement. For this reason, Magnetrol’s Pulse Burst Radar products can also track high rates of change that have been impossible with other loop-powered radar transmitters. Although these products feature powerful False Target Recognition and Rejection routines, minimizing false target reflections is significantly affected by proper installation and orientation. ANTENNAS. The transmitter’s antenna transmits and receives the radar signal. Pulsar offers dielectric rod and horn types while the Model R82 uses an encapsulated horn antenna. Maximum measuring range of the instruments is chiefly dependent upon the instrument’s capabilities, dielectric constants, and the degree of turbulence. Dielectric constant, temperature, and pressure capabilities for our radar products are shown on page 6. INSTALLATION. A Quick Start installation procedure provides the key steps for mounting, wiring and configuring Magnetrol transmitters. Though transmitters come configured from the factory, they can be reconfigured in the shop. Bench configuration provides a convenient and efficient way to set up the transmitter before going to the tank site to complete the installation. The transmitter is password protected to protect configuration values. A HART® remote unit, such as a HART communicator, can be used to provide a communication link to the Pulsar and R82 transmitters. When connected to the control loop, the measurement readings shown on the transmitter will be shown on the communicator. The 4 communicator can also be used to configure and troubleshoot the transmitter. See page 11 for information on PACTware, today’s leading configuration and diagnostics software. BENEFITS. Magnetrol Radar products are engineered to measure a large number of liquid media in a broad range of process conditions, from calm product surfaces and water-based media to turbulent surfaces and aggressive hydrocarbon media. As a non-contact device, these products are not susceptible to the complications that arise whenever a probe contacts the process media, such as coating by viscous media or corrosive attack due to aggressive chemicals. The greater the measuring range, the more does radar prove itself to be the economical solution, given the cost of extended probe lengths. Radar is virtually unaffected by the presence of vapors, or air movement within a vessel’s free space. Changes in specific gravity, conductivity and dielectric constants also have no effect on measurement accuracy. As a 100% electronic instrument, the absence of moving parts translates into low maintenance costs. As a twowire, loop-powered device, power requirements and installation are greatly simplified. I Pulse Burst Radar technology and advanced signal processing help manage common disturbances: False echoes caused by obstructions, or multi-path reflections caused by waves hitting a sidewall; Turbulence generated by agitators or aggressive chemical reactions; and A layer of light to medium density foam. PULSAR RX5 B as ic Ra dar In stru ment C onf igura tion s L AT A GLANCE PP All-PP Horn Antennas Antenna Extentions Dielectric Rod Antennas TFE Quick Disconnect feature: Transmitter and antenna separation can be accomplished without opening the tank and compromising process uptime. All-Halar® HORN: 3" (7.6 cm) ROD: 4" (10.16 cm) 8" (20.3 cm) 12" (30.4 cm) Three-inch (7.6 cm) Four-inch (10.16 cm) Minimum Dielectric: Minimum Dielectric: Maximum Pressure: Maximum Pressure: 1.7 εr 2.0 εr 675 psig 46.5 bar 675 psig 750 psig 200 psig 50 psig 46.5 bar 51.7 bar 14 bar 3.5 bar Maximum Temperature: +400˚ F +200˚ F +204˚ C +93˚ C +200˚ F +93˚ C Six-inch (15.24 cm) Maximum Temperature: +400˚ F +204˚ C +300˚ F +150˚ C MODEL R82 Model R82 shown with a Lexan housing and a 2" (50 mm) and 8" (200 mm) polypropylene antenna Model R82 shown with a cast aluminum housing and a 2" (50 mm) and 8" (200 mm) Tefzel® antenna Minimum Dielectric: Minimum Dielectric: Maximum Pressure: Maximum Pressure: 1.7 εr 1.7 εr 200 psig 14 bar 200 psig 14 bar Maximum Temperature: Maximum Temperature: +200˚ F +93˚ C +200˚ F +93˚ C 5 Anatomy of a Pulsar Transmitter and Sensor PULSAR RX5 Pulsar’s dual enclosures orient wiring and electronics on the same plane for convenient wiring, configuration and display. The display features a two-line, eight-character LCD. A three-button keypad provides the user interface. Aluminum Compartment Covers and Base Bottom cover has tempered, glass window (optional 316 stainless steel cover and bases) IS, XP and Non-Incendive Approvals Field Wiring Compartment Wiring board with terminal block Explosion-Proof Feedthrough Electronics Compartment • Keypad LCD Module Digital Board Analog Board and XP Barrier Mounting Plate Configuration via keypad or optional HART communicator. No PC or laptop required. Microwave Launcher Quick-Disconnect Allows vessel to remain sealed O-Ring Options Process Connections 26 different sizes and types Viton® GFLT, EPDM, Kalrez® 4079, Aegis® PF128 Horn Antenna Materials Antenna Configurations • • • • • • • 6 TFE Dielectric Rod Polypropylene Dielectric Rod All-Polypropylene Dielectric Rod All-Halar Dielectric Rod 3 inch (75 mm) Horn (stillwell only) 4 inch (100 mm) Horn 6 inch (150 mm) Horn • • • • 316/316L stainless steel Hastelloy® C Monel® Optional nozzle extensions: 4" (100 mm), 8" (200 mm) and 12" (300 mm) SYSTEM DESIGN Measurement Principle Pulse Burst Radar @ 5.8 GHz (Europe), 6.3 GHz (U.S.) INPUT Measured Variable Level, determined by the time-of-flight of a radar pulse from the transmitter to the product surface and back Zero and Span 0.5 to 65 feet (0.2 to 20 meters) OUTPUT Type Analog: 4–20 mA or 4–20 mA with optional HART digital signal Range Analog: 3.8 to 20.5 mA useable; Digital: 0 to 999" (0 to 999 cm) Resolution Analog: 0.01 mA; Digital: 0.1" Loop Resistance GP/IS/XP 350 Ω @ 24 VDC/22 mA; 400 Ω @ 24 VDC/20 mA Diagnostic Alarm Adjustable 3.6 mA, 22 mA, HOLD Damping Adjustable 0–45 USER INTERFACE Keypad Three-button, menu-driven data entry and system security Indication Two-line × eight-character display Digital Communication HART version 5 compatible (communicator sold separately) POWER (Measured at instrument terminals) GP: 16 to 36 VDC; IS: 16 to 28.6 VDC; XP: 16 to 36 VDC HOUSING Material Aluminum A356T6 (< 0.25% copper), 316 stainless steel (optional) Cable Entry 3 ⁄4" NPT, M20 ANTENNAS Type TFE, polypropylene or Halar dielectric rod / 3" 4" or 6" horn Materials (wetted parts) Dielectric rod: TFE, polypropylene or Halar Mounting nut: 316 SS (Hastelloy C, Monel, or All-Polypropylene optional) Viton® O-rings (standard) Horn: 316 stainless steel (Hastelloy C optional) Insert: TFE Viton O-rings (standard) Process Connections Dielectric rods: 11⁄2" NPT and BSP; ANSI or DIN flanges Horns: 4" or 6" ANSI or DIN flanges Maximum Process Temperature +400° F (+204° C) Maximum Process Pressure 750 psi (51.7 bar) Minimum Dielectric 2.0 dielectric rods / 1.7 horns ENVIRONMENT Operating Temperature Range -40° to +175° F (-40° to +80° C) LCD Operating Temp. Range -5° to +160° F (-20° to +70° C) Storage Temperature -50° to +175° F (-46° to +80° C) Humidity 0-99%, non-condensing Electromagnetic Compatibility Meets CE requirements EN 50081-2, EN 50082-2 PERFORMANCE (Reference: Reflection from ideal reflector at +70° F / +20° C) Linearity ±0.4" or 0.1% of tank height Measured Error ±0.4" or 0.1% of tank height Resolution 0.1" Repeatability ±0.2" or 0.05% of tank height Warm-up Time 30 seconds Ambient Temperature Effect Temperature effect 0.05% per 10° C Process Dielectric Effect < 0.3 inch within selected range Maximum Rate of Change 15 feet (4.5 meters) / minute Pulsar transmitter with a 6" horn antenna 7 MODEL R82 Anatomy of a Model R82 Radar Transmitter and Sensor The all-new R82 is a high-performance level transmitter whose low cost makes it ideal for everyday level applications. Its launcher orien- Model R82 with a cast aluminum housing and a Tefzel® antenna (below); and a Model 82 with a Lexan® housing and a polypropylene antenna (right). The Model R82 is a loop-powered, tation and echo-rejection profiling are simplified for easy use. Its microwave beam is rotatable for optimized operation. Housing Covers TOP LEFT: Cast aluminum with a tempered glass window. TOP RIGHT: Lexan plastic with a transparent cover. Electronics Module ABOVE: Module as positioned in compartment shows LCD and four-button keypad. 26 GHz, non-contact radar transmitter that performs liquid level and volume measurements in enclosed vessels. The R82 offers high-performance at an economical price point to reliably measure out to a 40 ft. (12 m) maxi- O-Ring Aluminum Housing: Viton® Lexan Housing: Buna-N Housing Compartment Shown in aluminum; available in Lexan. Contains field wiring compartment and electronics. mum range. The Model R82 provides unsurpassed ease of configuration with either the menu-driven 4-pushbutton, 2-line x 16-character display, HART digital Radar Antenna Shown in Tefzel; available in polypropylene. Available in two lengths. communications, or PACTware. This allows complete configuration via the local user interface, or remotely with the added capability of capturing echo waveforms, and viewing trend transmitter configuration parameters. 8 Operating Principle The R82 is based on pulse-burst radar technology together with equivalent time sampling circuitry. Short bursts of 26 GHz microwave energy are emitted and subsequently reflected from the liquid level surface. Radome sheds condensation ))) data, diagnostic conditions and all Antenna horn is encapsulated within polypropylene or Tefzel. MODEL SYSTEM DESIGN Measurement Principle Pulse Burst Radar @ 26 GHz INPUT Measured Variable R82 Level, determined by the time-of-flight of a radar pulse from the transmitter to the product surface and back Zero and Span 15" to 40 feet (0.4 to 12.2 m) as measured from threads OUTPUT Type Analog: 4–20 mA with optional HART digital signal Range Analog: 3.8 to 20.5 mA useable (Namur NE43) Digital: 0 to 999" (0 to 9999 cm) Resolution Analog: 0.01 mA Digital: 0.1" Loop Resistance GP/IS/XP 400 Ω @ 24 VDC/20 mA; 350 Ω @ 24 VDC/22 mA Diagnostic Alarm Adjustable 3.6 mA, 22 mA, HOLD Damping Adjustable 0–45 Output at Antenna < 0.1 mW (avg), < 2 mW (max) USER INTERFACE Keypad Four-button, menu-driven data entry and system security Indication Two-line × 16-character display Digital Communication HART Version 5 compatible POWER (Measured at instrument terminals) General Purpose/Intrinsically Safe 16 to 36 VDC HOUSING Material Lexan base and cover or Cast aluminum A356T6 (< 0.2% copper) ⁄4" NPT, M20 Cable Entry 3 Ingress Protection Lexan Housing: NEMA 6P (IP67/68 Aluminum Housing: NEMA 4X/6P (IP67/68) ANTENNA Wetted Surfaces Encapsulated Horn: Polypropylene or Tefzel` (optional) Polypropylene or Tefzel Maximum Process Temperature -40 to +200° F (-40 to +93° C) @ atmos Maximum Process Pressure Vacuum to 200 psig @ +70° F (-14.5 to 13.8 bar) Minimum Dielectric 1.7 (application dependent) Process Connections 2" NPT/BSP sanitary flanges ENVIRONMENT Operating Temperature Range -40° to +175° F (-40° to +80° C) LCD Operating Temp. Range -5° to +160° F (-20° to +70° C) Storage Temperature -50° to +175° F (-46° to +80° C) Humidity 0-99%, non-condensing Electromagnetic Meets CE requirements EN 50081-2, EN 50082-2 PERFORMANCE Reference Conditions Reflection from ideal reflector at +70° F (+20° C) Linearity ±0.2" (5 mm) or 0.05% of tank height (whichever is greater) Measured Error ±0.2" (5 mm) or 0.05% of tank height (whichever is greater) Resolution 0.1" (2.5 mm) Repeatability ±0.1" (2.5 mm) or 0.025% of tank height Warm-up Time 30 seconds Ambient Temperature Effect 0.05% per 10° C Process Dielectric Effect < 0.3 inch within selected range Maximum Rate of Change 180 inches (450 cm) / minute User Interface of the Model R82 9 APPLICATION SUITABILITY RX5 R82 Suitability for some applications below may require optional materials or components L Radar Transmitter Radar Transmitter Compare key application parameters of the Pulsar RX5 and Model R82 transmitters Transmitters are shown in correct relative size MEASUREMENT CAPABILITY Level of Liquid or Slurry Level or Volume of Liquid or Slurry OPERATING FREQUENCY 5.8 GHz (Europe) / 6.3 GHz (USA) 26 GHz VESSEL TYPES Closed Metallic & Non-metallic Vessels Closed Metallic, Non-metallic Vessels STILLWELL Steel Stillwells Only 2" Metal Stillwell Only VOLUME Not Applicable Utilizes 20-point Table RANGE 16" to 40 feet (12 m) Suitable Suitable Suitable Not Suitable MAXIMUM ANTENNA TEMP To +400° F (+204° C) @ atmos To +200° F (+93° C) @ atmos MAXIMUM ANTENNA PRESSURE To 675 psig (46.5 bar) To 200 psig (13.8 bar) @ +70° F MINIMUM DIELECTRIC 1.7 with Horn Antennas 1.7 QUICK CONNECT/DISCONNECT Yes No AGGRESSIVE CHEMICALS Use All-PP or All-Halar Rod Antennas Use Tefzel Antenna FOAM, AGITATION, BUILDUP Slightly Affected Moderately Affected REACTOR MEASUREMENT Recommended Marginally Recommended HYGIENIC, CIP/SIP APPLICATIONS Not Suitable Suitable SAFETY INTEGRITY LEVEL SIL 1 SIL 1 HAZARDOUS APPROVALS IS, XP and Non-Incendive IS and Non-Incendive TELECOMMUNICATION APPROVALS FCC, IC, RTTE FCC, IC, RTTE To 65 feet (19.8 m) 10 The Most Efficient PC Configuration Tool for Pulsar and Model R82 Transmitters PACTware is the modern, user-friendly adjustment software that enables quick configuration and diagnostics of your radar transmitters. With your PC connected through a serial interface to the HART loop, all functionality can be managed remotely anywhere on the loop. Level Monitoring Screen Continuously viewing the level in a tank is the starting point for PACTware. The position of liquid level can be viewed in a simple visual format on your PC. Level and Output values are shown numerically as well. The screen can be left open to show the relative position of the liquid level. Level Monitoring Screen Parameters Screen Every parameter in your radar transmitter can be monitored and modified remotely with a few clicks of the mouse. From units of measure to settings for dielectric, each parameter can be viewed or changed to suit application conditions. Parameters can be developed offline or transferred between transmitters. Trending Screen The ability to trend data Parameters Screen over a period of time allows insight into overall operation of your radar. Trending values are invaluable when attempting advanced configuration or troubleshooting. PACTware PC software has the ability to track all parameters of your radar device and save them as a text or picture file. Echo Wave Form Screen This screen yields a Process Trend Screen wealth of useful information: Level (X-axis), Signal Quality (Y-axis), Actual Echo Curve (black line), False Target Profile (red line), and Minimum Threshold (blue line). Blue hash marks show the location and signal quality of the target currently detected as liquid level. False Target Rejection—a GET CONNECTED Simply connect the HART/RS232 or HART/USB serial interface from the PC to the two-wire loop. common issue among all non-contact, transit-time devices—can be accessed from this screen. Echo Wave Form Screen 11 CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS 5300 Belmont Road • Downers Grove, Illinois 60515-4499 USA Phone: 630-969-4000 • Fax: 630-969-9489 magnetrol.com • [email protected] EUROPEAN HEADQUARTERS Heikensstraat 6 • 9240 Zele, Belgium Phone: 052 45.11.11 • Fax: 052 45.09.93 BRAZIL: Av. Dr. Mauro Lindemberg Monteiro • 185-Jd. Santa Fé, Osasco • São Paulo CEP 06278-010 CANADA: 145 Jardin Drive, Units 1 & 2 • Concord, Ontario L4K 1X7 CHINA: Plant 6, No. 191, Huajin Road • Minhang District • Shanghai 201109 DEUTSCHLAND: Alte Ziegelei 2–4 • D-51491 Overath DUBAI: DAFZA Office 5AE 722, P.O. Box 293671 • Dubai, United Arab Emirates INDIA: C-20 Community Centre • Janakpuri, New Delhi 110 058 ITALIA: Via Arese, 12 • 20159 Milano SINGAPORE: 33 Ubi Avenue 3 • #05-10 Vertex • Singapore 408868 UNITED KINGDOM: Regent Business Centre • Jubilee Road • Burgess Hill, West Sussex RH15 9TL Copyright © 2009 Magnetrol International. All rights reserved. Printed in the USA. Pulsar, Eclipse and Horizon are trademarks of Magnetrol International. HART is a registered trademark of The HART Communication Foundation. Lexan is a registered trademark of SABIC Innovative Plastics. PACTware is a trademark of the PACTware Consortium. Hastelloy and C22 are registered trademarks of Haynes International. Aegis is a registered trademark of Freudenberg-NOK. Kynar is a registered trademark of Atofina. Tefzel is a registered trademark of E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. Viton and Kalrez are registered trademarks of DuPont Performance Elastomers. Monel is a registered trademark of Special Metals Corporation. Halar is a registered trademark of Solvay Solexis. Bulletin: 58-100.2 • Effective: July 2009