TI LM10506

LM10506
Triple Buck + LDO Power Management Unit
1.0 General Description
3.0 Features
The LM10506 is an advanced PMU containing three configurable, high-efficiency buck regulators for supplying variable
voltages. The device is ideal for supporting ASIC and SOC
designs for Solid-State and Flash drives.
The LM10506 operates cooperatively with ASIC to optimize
the supply voltage for low-power conditions and Power Saving modes via the SPI interface. It also supports a 100 mA
LDO and a programmable Interrupt Comparator.
■ Three highly efficient programmable buck regulators
2.0 Key Specifications
■ Programmable Buck Regulators:
■
■
■
■
— Buck 1: 1.1V to 3.6V; 1.3A
— Buck 2: 1.1V to 3.6V; 400 mA
— Buck 3: 0.7V to 1.335V; 600 mA
±3% feedback voltage accuracy
Up to 95% efficient buck regulators
2MHz switching frequency for smaller inductor size
2.8 x 2.8 mm, 0.4 mm pitch, 34-bump micro SMD package
■
■
■
■
— Integrated FETs with low RDSON
— Bucks operate with their phases shifted to reduce the
input current ripple and capacitor size
— Programmable Output Voltage via the SPI interface
— Overvoltage and Undervoltage Lockout
— Automatic internal soft start with Power-on reset
— Current overload and thermal shutdown protection
— Bypass mode available on Bucks 1 and 2
— PFM mode for low-load, high-efficiency operation
Low-dropout LDO 3.2V, 100 mA
SPI-programmable interrupt comparator (2.0V to 4.0V)
Alternate Buck VOUTS selectable via H/L logic pins
RESET, STANDBY pins
4.0 Applications
■ Solid-State Drives
5.0 Typical Application Diagram
30166201
© 2012 Texas Instruments Incorporated
301662 SNVS729B
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LM10506 Triple Buck + LDO Power Management Unit
June 5, 2012
LM10506
Table of Contents
1.0 General Description ......................................................................................................................... 1
2.0 Key Specifications ........................................................................................................................... 1
3.0 Features ........................................................................................................................................ 1
4.0 Applications .................................................................................................................................... 1
5.0 Typical Application Diagram .............................................................................................................. 1
6.0 Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 3
6.1 SUPPLY SPECIFICATION ........................................................................................................ 3
7.0 Connection Diagram and Package Marking ......................................................................................... 4
8.0 LM10506 Pin Descriptions ................................................................................................................ 5
9.0 Ordering Information ........................................................................................................................ 5
10.0 Absolute Maximum Ratings ............................................................................................................. 6
11.0 Operating Ratings .......................................................................................................................... 6
12.0 General Electrical Characteristics .................................................................................................... 6
13.0 Buck 1 Electrical Characteristics ..................................................................................................... 7
14.0 Buck 2 Electrical Characteristics ..................................................................................................... 8
15.0 Buck 3 Electrical Characteristics ..................................................................................................... 8
16.0 LDO Electrical Characteristics ........................................................................................................ 9
17.0 Comparators Electrical Characteristics ............................................................................................. 9
18.0 Typical Performance Characteristics .............................................................................................. 11
19.0 General Description ..................................................................................................................... 15
19.1 SPI DATA INTERFACE ......................................................................................................... 16
19.1.1 Registers Configurable Via The SPI Interface ................................................................. 17
19.1.1.1 ADDR 0x07& 0x08: Buck 1 and Buck 2 Voltage Code and VOUT Level Mapping ........ 19
19.1.1.2 ADDR 0x00 & 0x09: Buck 3 Voltage Code and VOUT Level Mapping ........................ 20
19.1.1.3 ADDR 0x0B: Comparator Threshold Mapping ....................................................... 21
19.2 BUCK REGULATORS OPERATION ....................................................................................... 22
19.2.1 Buck Regulators Description ........................................................................................ 22
19.2.2 PWM Operation .......................................................................................................... 22
19.2.3 PFM Operation (Bucks 1, 2 & 3) ................................................................................... 23
19.2.4 Soft Start ................................................................................................................... 23
19.2.5 Current Limiting .......................................................................................................... 23
19.2.6 Internal Synchronous Rectification ................................................................................ 24
19.2.7 Bypass-FET Operation on Buck 1 and Buck 2 ................................................................ 24
19.2.8 Low Dropout Operation ............................................................................................... 24
20.0 Device Operating Modes .............................................................................................................. 25
20.1 STARTUP SEQUENCE ......................................................................................................... 25
20.2 POWER-ON DEFAULT AND DEVICE ENABLE ....................................................................... 25
20.3 RESET: PIN FUNCTION ....................................................................................................... 25
20.4 STANDBY: FUNCTION ......................................................................................................... 25
20.4.1 STANDBY Pin ............................................................................................................ 25
20.4.2 STANDBY Programming via SPI .................................................................................. 26
20.5 HL_B2, HL_B3 FUNCTION .................................................................................................... 26
20.6 UNDERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT (UVLO) .................................................................................... 26
20.7 OVERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT (OVLO) ...................................................................................... 26
20.8 DEVICE STATUS, INTERRUPT ENABLE ................................................................................ 26
20.9 THERMAL SHUTDOWN (TSD) .............................................................................................. 26
20.10 COMPARATOR .................................................................................................................. 27
21.0 External Components Selection ..................................................................................................... 28
21.1 OUTPUT INDUCTORS & CAPACITORS SELECTION .............................................................. 28
21.2 INDUCTOR SELECTION ...................................................................................................... 28
21.2.1 Recommended Method for Inductor Selection: ................................................................ 28
21.2.2 Alternate Method for Inductor Selection: ........................................................................ 28
21.2.2.1 Suggested Inductors and Their Suppliers ............................................................. 28
21.2.3 OUTPUT AND INPUT CAPACITORS CHARACTERISTICS ............................................. 29
21.2.3.1 Output Capacitor Selection ................................................................................. 29
21.2.3.2 Input Capacitor Selection ................................................................................... 30
22.0 PCB Layout Considerations .......................................................................................................... 31
22.1 PCB LAYOUT THERMAL DISSIPATION FOR MICRO SMD PACKAGE ...................................... 32
23.0 Physical Dimensions .................................................................................................................... 33
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2
The LM10506 contains three buck converters and one LDO.
Table 1 and Table 2 below list the output characteristics of the
power regulators. They explain the function of the H/L pins for
6.1 SUPPLY SPECIFICATION
TABLE 1. Output Voltage Configurations for LM10506
Regulator
VOUT if
H/L=High
(B2, B3)
VOUT if
VOUT if
H/L=Low STANDBY=High
(B2, B3) (STANDBY Mode)
Buck 1*
3.0V
3.0V
Buck 2*
3.0V
Buck 3*
LDO
VOUT
Maximum
Output
Current
Typical
Application
Comments
Off
1.1V to 3.6V;
50 mV steps
1.3A
VCC
Flash
1.8V
Off
1.1V to 3.6V;
50 mV steps
400 mA
VCCQ
Interface
1.2V
1.0V
VNOM - 7%
0.7V to 1.335V;
5mV steps
600 mA
VCORE
Core
3.2V
3.2V
3.2V
N/A
100 mA
VHOST
controller
Reference for
Digital
* Default voltage values are determined when working in PWM mode. Voltage may be 0.8-1.6% higher when in PFM mode.
TABLE 2. Output Voltage Configurations for LM10506-A
Regulator
VOUT if
H/L=High
(B2, B3)
VOUT if
VOUT if
H/L=Low STANDBY=High
(B2, B3) (STANDBY Mode)
Buck 1*
3.0V
3.0V
Buck 2*
2.0V
Buck 3*
LDO
VOUT
Maximum
Output
Current
Typical
Application
Comments
Off
1.1V to 3.6V;
50 mV steps
1.3A
VCC
Flash
1.8V
Off
1.1V to 3.6V;
50 mV steps
400 mA
VCCQ
Interface
1.2V
1.0V
VNOM - 7%
0.7V to 1.335V;
5mV steps
600 mA
VCORE
Core
3.2V
3.2V
3.2V
N/A
100 mA
VHOST
controller
Reference for
Digital
* Default voltage values are determined when working in PWM mode. Voltage may be 0.8-1.6% higher when in PFM mode.
3
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LM10506
B2 and B3 if tied High or Low at startup, and show the part's
behavior in standby. The tables also describe the SPI-programmable output voltage range for each buck regulator as
well as the maximum output current for the buck regulators
and LDO.
6.0 Overview
LM10506
7.0 Connection Diagram and Package Marking
30166202
30166219
Note: The actual physical placement of the package marking may vary from part to part. The marking “XY” designates the date
code; “TT” is an internal code for die traceability. Both will vary in production. V037 is device identification marking.
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4
LM10506
8.0 LM10506 Pin Descriptions
Pin #
A
D
G
P
Pin Name
I/O
Type
Functional Description
A/B5
VIN_B1
I
P
Buck Switcher Regulator 1 - Power supply voltage input for power stage PFET,
if Buck 1 is not used, tie to ground to reduce leakage.
A/B6
SW_B1
I/O
P
Buck Switcher Regulator 1 - Power Switching node, connect to inductor
A/B4
FB_B1
I/O
A
Buck Switcher Regulator 1 - Voltage output feedback plus Bypass Power
A/B7
GND_B1
G
P
Buck Switcher Regulator 1 - Power ground for Buck Regulator
G3
VIN_B2
I
P
Buck Switcher Regulator 2 - Power supply voltage input for power stage PFET,
if Buck 2 is not used, tie to ground to reduce leakage.
F/G2
SW_B2
I/O
P
Buck Switcher Regulator 2 - Power Switching node, connect to inductor
F3
FB_B2
I
A
Buck Switcher Regulator 2 - Voltage output feedback
G1
GND_B2
G
P
Buck Switcher Regulator 2 - Power ground for Buck Regulator
G5
VIN_B3
I
P
Buck Switcher Regulator 3 - Power supply voltage input for power stage PFET
F/G6
SW_B3
I/O
P
Buck Switcher Regulator 3 - Power Switching node, connect to inductor
F5
FB_B3
I
A
Buck Switcher Regulator 3 - Voltage output feedback
G7
GND_B3
G
P
Buck Switcher Regulator 3 - Power ground for Buck Regulator
A3
VIN
I
P
Power supply Input Voltage, must be present for device to work
A2
LDO
O
P
LDO Regulator - LDO regulator output voltage
G4
HL_B2
I
D
Digital Input Startup Control Signal to change predefined output Voltage of Buck
2, internally pulled down as a default
F4
HL_B3
I
D
Digital Input Startup Control Signal to change predefined output Voltage of Buck
3, internally pulled up as a default
E7
STANDBY
I
D
Digital Input Control Signal for entering Standby Mode. This is an active High pin
with an internal pulldown resistor.
F7
RESET
I
D
Digital Input Control Signal to abort SPI transactions; resets the PMIC to default
voltages. This is an active Low pin with an internal pullup.
C7
VCOMP
I
A
Analog Input for Comparator
A1
IRQ
O
D
Digital Output of Comparator to signal interrupt condition
F1
SPI_CS
I
D
SPI Interface - chip select
D1
SPI_DI
I
D
SPI Interface - serial data input
E1
SPI_DO
O
D
SPI Interface - serial data output
C1
SPI_CLK
I
D
SPI Interface - serial clock input
B1
VIN_IO
I
A
Supply Voltage for Digital Interface
B2
GND
G
G
Ground. Connect to system Ground.
B3
GND
G
G
Ground. Connect to system Ground.
D7
GND
G
G
Ground. Connect to system Ground.
Type
Analog Pin
Digital Pin
Ground
Power Connection
I
O
I/O
Input Pin
Output Pin
9.0 Ordering Information
Order Number
Package Type
Product Identification
LM10506TME
LM10506TMX
LM10506TME-A
V037
micro SMD
V045
LM10506TMX-A
5
Supplied as
250 Tape & Reel
3000 Tape & Reel
250 Tape & Reel
3000 Tape & Reel
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LM10506
10.0 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note
11.0 Operating Ratings
1)
(Note 7, Note 8)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the Texas Instruments Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
VIN_B1, VIN_B2_VIN_B3, VIN
VIN_IO
All pins except VIN_IO
Junction Temperature (TJ)
Ambient Temperature (TA)
Junction-to-Ambient Thermal
Resistance (θJA) (Note 7)
Maximum Continuous Power
Dissipation (PD-MAX) (Note 7)
VIN, VCOMP
VIN_IO, VIN_B1, VIN_B2, VIN_B3,
SPI_CS, SPI_DI, SPI_CLK, SPI_DO,
IRQ, HL_B2, HL_B3, STANDBY,
RESET, SW_B1, SW_B2, SW_B3,
FB_B1, FB_B2, FB_B3, LDO
Junction Temperature (TJ-MAX)
Storage Temperature
ESD Rating
Human Body Model (HBM)
−0.3V to +6.0V
−0.3V to +6.0V
150°C
−65°C to 150°C
3.0V to 5.5V
1.72V to 3.63V but < VIN
0V to VIN
−40°C to 125°C
−40°C to 85°C
44.5°C/W
0.9W
2.0kV
12.0 General Electrical Characteristics
(Note 3, Note 4) Unless otherwise noted, VIN = 5.0V where:
VIN = VIN_B1 = VIN_B2 = VIN_B3. Limits appearing in normal type apply for TJ = 25°C. Limits appearing in boldface type apply over
the entire operating junction temperature range of −40°C ≤ TA = TJ ≤ +85°C.
Symbol
IQ(STANDBY)
Parameter
Quiescent Supply Current
Conditions
Min
STANDBY = HIGH, no load
Typ
Max
Units
100
200
µA
UNDER/OVERVOLTAGE LOCK OUT
VUVLO_RISING
2.75
2.9
3.05
VUVLO_FALLING
2.45
2.6
2.75
VOVLO_RISING
5.7
VOVLO_FALLING
5.6
V
DIGITAL INTERFACE
VIL
Logic input low
VIH
Logic input high
VIL
Logic input low
VIH
Logic input high
VOL
Logic output low
VOH
Logic output high
IIL
Input current, pin driven low
IIH
fSPI_MAX
tRESET
tSTANDBY
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0.3*VIN_IO
SPI_CS, SPI_DI, SPI_CLK, RESET,
STANDBY
0.7*VIN_IO
0.3*VIN
HL_B2, HL_B3
0.7*VIN
V
0.2*VIN_IO
SPI_DO
0.8*VIN_IO
SPI_CS, SPI_DI, SPI_CLK, HL_B2,
STANDBY
−2
HL_B3, RESET
−5
µA
SPI_CS, SPI_DI, SPI_CLK, HL_B3,
Input current, pin driven high RESET
HL_B2, STANDBY
2
SPI max frequency
10
2
Minimum high-pulse width
(Note 2)
2
6
µA
5
MHz
µsec
(Note 3, Note 4, Note 6) Unless otherwise noted, VIN = 5.0V
where: VIN=VIN_B1 = VIN_B2 = VIN_B3. Limits appearing in normal type apply for TJ = 25°C. Limits appearing in boldface type apply
over the entire operating junction temperature range of −40°C ≤ TA = TJ ≤ +85°C.
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
IQ
DC Bias Current in VIN
No Load, PFM Mode
IPEAK
Peak switching current limit
Buck 1 enabled, switching in PWM
η
Efficiency peak, Buck 1 (Note
2)
IOUT = 0.3A
FSW
Switching Frequency
CIN
Input Capacitor (Note 2)
COUT
L
ΔVOUT
IFB
1.6
Typ
Max
Units
15
50
µA
1.8
2.1
A
90
1.75
2
%
2.3
4.7
Output Filter Capacitor (Note 2)
10
10
Output Capacitor ESR (Note 2) 0mA ≤ IOUT ≤ 1.3A
Output Filter Inductance (Note
2)
100
20
MHz
µF
mΩ
2.2
µH
DC Line regulation (Note 2)
3.3V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.0V, IOUT = 1.3A
0.5
%/V
DC Load regulation (Note 2)
0.13A ≤ IOUT ≤ 1.3A
0.3
%/A
Feedback pin input bias current VFB = 3.0V
RDS-ON-HS
High Side Switch On Resistance
RDS-ON-LS
Low Side Switch On Resistance
RDS-ON_BYPASS
Min
Bypass FET On Resistance
2.1
5
135
VIN = 2.6V
mΩ
215
85
µA
190
mΩ
Used in parallel with the high side FET
while in Bypass mode. Resistance
(DCR) of inductor = 100 mΩ
VIN = 3.3V
85
VIN = 2.6V
120
mΩ
STARTUP
TSTART
Startup from shutdown, VOUT = 0V, no
Internal soft-start (turn on time) load, LC = recommended circuit, using
(Note 2)
software enable, to VOUT = 95% of final
value
7
0.1
ms
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LM10506
13.0 Buck 1 Electrical Characteristics
LM10506
14.0 Buck 2 Electrical Characteristics
(Note 3, Note 4, Note 6) Unless otherwise noted, VIN = 5.0V
where: VIN=VIN_B1 = VIN_B2 = VIN_B3. Limits appearing in normal type apply for TJ = 25°C. Limits appearing in boldface type apply
over the entire operating junction temperature range of −40°C ≤ TA = TJ ≤ +85°C.
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
IQ
DC Bias Current in VIN
No Load, PFM Mode
IPEAK
Peak switching current limit
Buck 2 enabled, switching in PWM
η
Efficiency peak, Buck 2 (Note 2)
IOUT = 0.3A
FSW
Switching Frequency
CIN
Input Capacitor (Note 2)
COUT
Output Filter Capacitor
(Note 2)
Min
0.65
Typ
Max
Units
15
50
µA
1.1
1.55
A
2.3
MHz
90
1.75
2
4.7
0mA ≤ IOUT ≤ 400 mA
10
10
Output Capacitor ESR (Note 2)
L
%
100
20
Output Filter Inductance (Note 2)
µF
mΩ
2.2
µH
DC Line regulation (Note 2)
3.3V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.0V, IOUT = 400 mA
0.5
%/V
DC Load regulation (Note 2)
100 mA ≤ IOUT ≤ 400 mA
0.3
%/A
IFB
Feedback pin input bias current
VFB = 1.8V
1.8
RDS-ON-HS
High Side Switch On Resistance
RDS-ON-LS
Low Side Switch On Resistance
ΔVOUT
5
µA
135
VIN = 2.6V
260
85
mΩ
190
STARTUP
TSTART
Internal soft-start (turn on time)
(Note 2)
Startup from shutdown, VOUT = 0V, no
load, LC = recommended circuit, using
software enable, to VOUT = 95% of final
value
0.1
ms
15.0 Buck 3 Electrical Characteristics
(Note 3, Note 4, Note 6) Unless otherwise noted, VIN = 5.0V
where: VIN = VIN_B1 = VIN_B2 = VIN_B3. Limits appearing in normal type apply for TJ = 25°C. Limits appearing in boldface type apply
over the entire operating junction temperature range of −40°C ≤ TA = TJ ≤ +85°C.
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
IQ
DC Bias Current in VIN
No Load, PFM Mode
IPEAK
Peak switching current limit
Buck 3 enabled, switching in PWM
η
Efficiency peak, Buck 3 (Note 2)
IOUT = 0.3A
FSW
Switching Frequency
CIN
Input Capacitor (Note 2)
COUT
L
ΔVOUT
IFB
Output Filter Capacitor (Note 2)
Output Capacitor ESR (Note 2)
Min
0.9
Typ
Max
Units
15
50
µA
1.2
1.7
90
1.75
2
2.3
4.7
0mA ≤ IOUT ≤ 600 mA
Output Filter Inductance (Note 2)
10
10
A
%
100
20
MHz
µF
mΩ
2.2
µH
DC Line regulation (Note 2)
3.3V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.0V, IOUT = 600 mA
0.5
%/V
DC Load regulation (Note 2)
150 mA ≤ IOUT ≤ 600 mA
0.3
%/A
Feedback pin input bias current
VFB = 1.2V
RDS-ON-HS
High Side Switch On Resistance
RDS-ON-LS
Low Side Switch On Resistance
0.9
5
µA
135
VIN = 2.6V
260
85
mΩ
190
STARTUP
TSTART
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Internal soft-start (turn on time)
(Note 2)
Startup from shutdown, VOUT = 0V, no
load, LC = recommended circuit, using
software enable, to VOUT = 95% of final
value
8
0.1
ms
(Note 3, Note 4) Unless otherwise noted, VIN = 5.0V where: VIN =
VIN_B1 = VIN_B2 = VIN_B3. Limits appearing in normal type apply for TJ = 25°C. Limits appearing in boldface type apply over the
entire operating junction temperature range of −40°C ≤ TA = TJ ≤ +85°C.
Symbol
VOUT
Parameter
Output Voltage Accuracy
Conditions
Min
IOUT = 1mA
Typ
−3
VOUT = 0V
0.3
VIN = 3.3V,VOUT = 0V (Note 2)
0.5
ISC
Short-Circuit Current Limit
VDO
Dropout Voltage
IOUT = 100 mA
60
Line Regulation
3.3V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5V, IOUT = 1mA
5
Load Regulation
1mA ≤ IOUT ≤ 100 mA, VIN = 3.3V, 5.0V
5
eN
Output Noise Voltage
(Note 2)
10 Hz ≤ f ≤ 100 kHz
VIN = 5.0V
10
VIN = 3.3V
35
PSRR
Power Supply Rejection
Ratio (Note 2)
F = 10 kHz, COUT = 4.7 µF,
IOUT = 20 mA
VIN = 5.0V
65
VIN = 3.3V
40
tSTARTUP
Startup Time from
Shutdown (Note 2)
COUT = 4.7 µF IOUT = 100
mA
VIN = 5.0V
45
VIN = 3.3V
60
TTRANSIENT
Startup Transient
Overshoot (Note 2)
COUT = 4.7 µF IOUT = 100 mA
ΔVOUT
Max
Units
+3
%
A
100
mV
µVRMS
dB
µs
30
mV
17.0 Comparators Electrical Characteristics
(Note 3, Note 4) Unless otherwise noted, VIN = 5.0V
where: VIN = VIN_B1 = VIN_B2 = VIN_B3. Limits appearing in normal type apply for TJ = 25°C. Limits appearing in boldface type apply
over the entire operating junction temperature range of −40°C ≤ TA = TJ ≤ +85°C.
Symbol
Parameter
Typ
Max
VCOMP = 0.0V
Conditions
Min
0.1
2
VCOMP = 5.0V
0.1
2
IVCOMP
VCOMP pin bias current
VCOMP_RISE
Comparator rising edge trigger
level
2.826
VCOMP_FALL
Comparator falling edge trigger
level
2.768
30
Output voltage high
IRQVOL
Output voltage low
tCOMP
Transition time of IRQ output
µA
V
Hysteresis
IRQVOH
Units
60
80
0.8*VIN_IO
0.2*VIN_IO
6
9
15
mV
V
µsec
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LM10506
16.0 LDO Electrical Characteristics
LM10506
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings are limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings are conditions under which operation of the
device is guaranteed. Operating Ratings do not imply guaranteed performance limits. For guaranteed performance limits and associated test conditions, see the
Electrical Characteristics tables.
Note 2: Specification guaranteed by design. Not tested during production.
Note 3: All limits are guaranteed by design, test and/or statistical analysis. All electrical characteristics having room-temperature limits are tested during production
with TJ = 25°C. All hot and cold limits are guaranteed by correlating the electrical characteristics to process and temperature variations and applying statistical
process control.
Note 4: Capacitors: Low-ESR Surface-Mount Ceramic Capacitors (MLCCs) are used in setting electrical characteristics.
Note 5: Internal thermal shutdown protects device from permanent damage. Thermal shutdown engages at TJ = +140°C and disengages at TJ = +120°C (typ.).
Thermal shutdown is guaranteed by design.
Note 6: BUCK normal operation is guaranteed if VIN ≥ VOUT+1.0V.
Note 7: In applications where high power dissipation and/or poor thermal resistance is present the maximum ambient temperature may have to be derated.
Maximum ambient temperature (TA-MAX) is dependent on the maximum operating junction temperature (TJ-MAX-OP = +125°C), the maximum power dissipation of
the device in the application (PD-MAX), and the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance of the part/package in the application (θJA), as given by the following equation:
TA-MAX = TJ-MAX-OP – (θJA × PD-MAX).
Note 8: The amount of Absolute Maximum power dissipation allowed for the device depends on the ambient temperature and can be calculated using the formula:
P = (TJ–TA)/θJA, where TJ is the junction temperature, TA is the ambient temperature, and θJA is the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance. θJA is highly application
and board-layout dependent. Internal thermal shutdown circuitry protects the device from permanent damage. (See General Electrical Characteristics.)
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Efficiency of Buck 2: VIN=5.0V, VOUT=1.8V and 3.0V
100
100
90
90
80
80
EFFICIENCY (%)
EFFICIENCY (%)
Efficiency of Buck 1: VIN=5.0V, VOUT=3.0V
70
60
50
40
70
60
50
40
30
VOUT = 1.8V
VOUT = 3.0V
30
20
20
1
10
100
IOUT (mA)
1k
10k
1
10
100
IOUT (mA)
1000
30166233
30166234
Startup of Buck 1: VIN=3.3V
(VOUT=3.0V, IOUT=1.0A)
Startup of Buck 1: VIN=5.0V
(VOUT=3.0V, IOUT=1.0A)
30166232
30166237
LDO VOUT vs. IOUT
3210
3.210
VIN = 5.0V
VIN = 3.3V
3208
IOUT = 1mA
IOUT = 100mA
3.208
3206
3.206
3204
3.204
3202
3.202
VOUT (V)
VOUT (mV)
LDO VIN vs. VOUT
3200
3.200
3198
3.198
3196
3.196
3194
3.194
3192
3.192
3190
3.190
0
20
40
60
80
IOUT (mA)
100
120
3.0
30166251
3.5
4.0
4.5 5.0
VIN (V)
5.5
6.0
30166236
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LM10506
18.0 Typical Performance Characteristics
LM10506
Buck 2 VOUT vs. IOUT
VIN=5.0V, VOUT=1.8V
3000
1810
2998
1808
2996
1806
2994
1804
VOUT (mV)
VOUT (mV)
Buck 1 VOUT vs. IOUT
VIN=5.0V, VOUT=3.0V
2992
2990
2988
1802
1800
1798
2986
1796
2984
1794
2982
1792
2980
100
1790
300
500 700 900 1100 1300
IOUT (mA)
100
150
200 250 300
IOUT (mA)
350
400
30166246
30166248
Buck 3 VOUT vs. IOUT
VIN=5.0V, VOUT=1.0V
3010
1015
3008
1013
3006
1011
3004
1009
3002
VOUT (mV)
VOUT (mV)
Buck 2 VOUT vs. IOUT
VIN=5.0V, VOUT=3.0V
3000
2998
2996
1005
1003
1001
2994
999
2992
997
2990
100
1007
150
200 250 300
IOUT (mA)
350
995
150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
IOUT (mA)
400
30166250
30166247
Buck 3 VOUT vs. IOUT
VIN=5.0V, VOUT=1.2V
Buck 2 VOUT vs. VIN
VOUT=1.8V, IOUT=400mA
1213
1.805
1211
1.800
1209
1.795
VOUT (V)
VOUT (mV)
1207
1205
1.790
1203
1201
1.785
1199
1197
1.780
1195
1.775
1193
150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
IOUT (mA)
3.0
30166249
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3.5
4.0
VIN (V)
4.5
5.0
30166242
12
LM10506
Buck 2 VOUT vs. VIN
VOUT=3.0V, IOUT=400mA
Buck 3 VOUT vs VIN
VOUT=1.0V, IOUT=600mA
2.995
1.010
2.990
1.005
VOUT (V)
1.015
VOUT (V)
3.000
2.985
1.000
2.980
0.995
2.975
0.990
2.970
0.985
3.5
4.0
VIN (V)
4.5
5.0
3.0
3.5
4.0
VIN (V)
4.5
5.0
30166243
30166244
Buck 3 VOUT vs VIN
VOUT=1.2V, IOUT=600mA
LDO Startup Time from VIN Rise
1.215
1.210
VOUT (V)
1.205
1.200
1.195
1.190
1.185
3.0
3.5
4.0
VIN (V)
4.5
30166238
5.0
30166245
From LDO Startup to Buck 1 Startup
From Buck 1 Startup to Buck 2 Startup
30166239
30166240
13
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LM10506
From Buck 2 Startup to Buck 3 Startup
30166241
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14
LM10506 is a highly efficient and integrated Power Management Unit for Systems-on-a-Chip (SoCs), ASICs, and processors. It operates cooperatively and communicates with
processors over an SPI interface with output Voltage programmability and Standby Mode.
30166204
FIGURE 1. Internal Block Diagram of the LM10506 PMIC
15
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LM10506
The device incorporates three high-efficiency synchronous
buck regulators and one LDO that deliver four output voltages
from a single power source. The device also includes a SPIprogrammable Comparator Block that provides an interrupt
output signal.
19.0 General Description
LM10506
By accessing the registers in the device through this interface,
the user can get access and control the operation of the buck
controllers and program the reference voltage of the comparator in the device.
19.1 SPI DATA INTERFACE
The device is programmable via 4-wire SPI Interface. The
signals associated with this interface are CS, DI, DO and CLK.
Through this interface, the user can enable/disable the device, program the output voltages of the individual Bucks and
of course read the status of Flag registers.
30166210
FIGURE 2. SPI Interface Write
•
•
Data In (DI)
— 1 to 0 Write Command
— A4to A0 Register address to be written
— D7 to D0 Data to be written
Data Out (DO)
— All Os
30166227
FIGURE 3. SPI Interface Read
•
•
Data In (DI)
— 1 to 1 Read Command
— A4to A0 Register address to be read
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16
Data Out (DO)
— D7 to D0 Data Read
LM10506
19.1.1 Registers Configurable Via The SPI Interface
Addr
0x00
0x07
0x08
0x09
0x0A
Reg Name
Buck 3 Voltage
Buck 1 Voltage
Buck 2 Voltage
Standby Mode
Voltage for
Buck 3
Buck Control
Bit
R/W
7
—
Default
Description
Notes
6
R/W
Buck 3 Voltage Code[6]
HL_B3=1 → 0x64 (1.2V)
5
R/W
Buck 3 Voltage Code[5]
HL_B3=0 → 0x3C (1.0V)
4
R/W
Buck 3 Voltage Code[4]
3
R/W
2
R/W
Buck 3 Voltage Code[2]
1
R/W
Buck 3 Voltage Code[1]
0
R/W
Buck 3 Voltage Code[0]
7
—
6
—
5
R/W
4
R/W
3
R/W
2
R/W
Buck 1 Voltage Code[2]
1
R/W
Buck 1 Voltage Code[1]
0
R/W
Buck 1 Voltage Code[0]
7
—
Reset default:
6
—
HL_B2=1 → 0x26 (3.0V)/
0x12 (2.0V for LM10506−A)
5
R/W
4
R/W
3
R/W
Buck 2 Voltage Code[3]
2
R/W
Buck 2 Voltage Code[2]
1
R/W
Buck 2 Voltage Code[1]
0
R/W
Buck 2 Voltage Code[0]
7
R/W
6
R/W
Buck 3 Voltage Code[6]
HL_B3=1 → 0x53 (1.115V)
5
R/W
Buck 3 Voltage Code[5]
HL_B3=0 → 0x2E (0.93V)
4
R/W
3
R/W
2
R/W
Buck 3 Voltage Code[2]
1
R/W
Buck 3 Voltage Code[1]
0
R/W
7
R
6
—
5
—
4
3
Reset default:
See Notes
Buck 3 Voltage Code[3]
Range: 0.7V to 1.335V
Reset default:
0x26 (3.0V)
Buck 1 Voltage Code[5]
See Notes
Buck 1 Voltage Code[4]
Buck 2 Voltage Code[5]
See Notes
Range: 1.1V to 3.6V
Buck 1 Voltage Code[3]
HL_B2=0 → 0x0E (1.8V)
Buck 2 Voltage Code[4]
Range: 1.1V to 3.6V
Reset default:
See Notes
Buck 3 Voltage Code[4]
Buck 3 Voltage Code[3]
Buck 3 Voltage Code[0]
1
BK3EN
Reads Buck 3 enable status
R/W
0
BK1FPWM
Buck 1 forced PWM mode when high
R/W
0
BK2FPWM
Buck 2 forced PWM mode when high
2
R/W
0
BK3FPWM
Buck 3 forced PWM mode when high
1
R/W
1
BK1EN
Enables Buck 1 0-disabled, 1-enabled
0
R/W
1
BK2EN
Enables Buck 2 0-disabled, 1-enabled
17
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LM10506
Addr
0x0B
0x0C
0x0D
0x0E
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Reg Name
Comparator
Control
Interrupt Enable
Interrupt Status
MISC Control
Bit
R/W
Default
Description
Notes
7
R/W
0
Comp_hyst[0]
Doubles Comparator hysteresis
6
R/W
0
Comp_thres[5]
Programmable range of 2.0V to 4.0V, step
size = 31.75 mV
5
R/W
1
Comp_thres[4]
4
R/W
1
Comp_thres[3]
3
R/W
0
Comp_thres[2]
Comp_hyst=1 → min 80 mV hysteresis
2
R/W
0
Comp_thres[1]
Comp_hyst=0 → min 40 mV hysteresis
1
R/W
1
Comp_thres[0]
0
R/W
1
COMPEN
7
—
6
—
Comparator Threshold reset default: 0x19
Comparator enable
5
—
4
R/W
0
LDO OK
3
R/W
0
Buck 3 OK
2
R/W
0
Buck 2 OK
1
R/W
0
Buck 1 OK
0
R/W
1
Comparator
Interrupt comp event
7
—
6
—
5
—
4
R
LDO OK
LDO is greater than 90% of target
3
R
Buck 3 OK
Buck 3 is greater than 90% of target
2
R
Buck 2 OK
Buck 2 is greater than 90% of target
1
R
Buck 1 OK
Buck 1 is greater than 90% of target
0
R
Comparator
Comparator output is high
7
—
6
—
5
—
4
—
3
—
LDO goes into extra power save mode
2
—
1
R/W
0
LDO Sleep Mode
0
R/W
0
IRQ Polarity
18
IRQ_polarity=0→Active low IRQ
IRQ_polarity=1→Active high IRQ
LM10506
19.1.1.1 ADDR 0x07& 0x08: Buck 1 and Buck 2 Voltage Code and VOUT Level Mapping
Voltage code
Voltage
Voltage code
Voltage
0x00
1.10
0x20
2.70
0x01
1.15
0x21
2.75
0x02
1.20
0x22
2.80
0x03
1.25
0x23
2.85
0x04
1.30
0x24
2.90
0x05
1.35
0x25
2.95
0x06
1.40
0x26
3.00
0x07
1.45
0x27
3.05
0x08
1.50
0x28
3.10
0x09
1.55
0x29
3.15
0x0A
1.60
0x2A
3.20
0x0B
1.65
0x2B
3.25
0x0C
1.70
0x2C
3.30
0x0D
1.75
0x2D
3.35
0x0E
1.80
0x2E
3.40
0x0F
1.85
0x2F
3.45
0x10
1.90
0x30
3.50
0x11
1.95
0x31
3.55
0x12
2.00
0x32
3.60
0x13
2.05
0x33
3.60
0x14
2.10
0x34
3.60
0x15
2.15
0x35
3.60
0x16
2.20
0x36
3.60
0x17
2.25
0x37
3.60
0x18
2.30
0x38
3.60
0x19
2.35
0x39
3.60
0x1A
2.40
0x3A
3.60
0x1B
2.45
0x3B
3.60
0x1C
2.50
0x3C
3.60
0x1D
2.55
0x3D
3.60
0x1E
2.60
0x3E
3.60
0x1F
2.65
0x3F
3.60
19
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LM10506
19.1.1.2 ADDR 0x00 & 0x09: Buck 3 Voltage Code and VOUT Level Mapping
Voltage Code
Voltage
Voltage Code
Voltage
Voltage Code
Voltage
Voltage Code
Voltage
0x00
0.700
0x20
0.860
0x40
1.020
0x60
1.180
0x01
0.705
0x21
0.865
0x41
1.025
0x61
1.185
0x02
0.710
0x22
0.870
0x42
1.030
0x62
1.190
0x03
0.715
0x23
0.875
0x43
1.035
0x63
1.195
0x04
0.720
0x24
0.880
0x44
1.040
0x64
1.200
0x05
0.725
0x25
0.885
0x45
1.045
0x65
1.205
0x06
0.730
0x26
0.890
0x46
1.050
0x66
1.210
0x07
0.735
0x27
0.895
0x47
1.055
0x67
1.215
0x08
0.740
0x28
0.900
0x48
1.060
0x68
1.220
0x09
0.745
0x29
0.905
0x49
1.065
0x69
1.225
0x0A
0.750
0x2A
0.910
0x4A
1.070
0x6A
1.230
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0x0B
0.755
0x2B
0.915
0x4B
1.075
0x6B
1.235
0x0C
0.760
0x2C
0.920
0x4C
1.080
0x6C
1.240
0x0D
0.765
0x2D
0.925
0x4D
1.085
0x6D
1.245
0x0E
0.770
0x2E
0.930
0x4E
1.090
0x6E
1.250
0x0F
0.775
0x2F
0.935
0x4F
1.095
0x6F
1.255
0x10
0.780
0x30
0.940
0x50
1.100
0x70
1.260
0x11
0.785
0x31
0.945
0x51
1.105
0x71
1.265
0x12
0.790
0x32
0.950
0x52
1.110
0x72
1.270
0x13
0.795
0x33
0.955
0x53
1.115
0x73
1.275
0x14
0.800
0x34
0.960
0x54
1.120
0x74
1.280
0x15
0.805
0x35
0.965
0x55
1.125
0x75
1.285
0x16
0.810
0x36
0.970
0x56
1.130
0x76
1.290
0x17
0.815
0x37
0.975
0x57
1.135
0x77
1.295
0x18
0.820
0x38
0.980
0x58
1.140
0x78
1.300
0x19
0.825
0x39
0.985
0x59
1.145
0x79
1.305
0x1A
0.830
0x3A
0.990
0x5A
1.150
0x7A
1.310
0x1B
0.835
0x3B
0.995
0x5B
1.155
0x7B
1.315
0x1C
0.840
0x3C
1.000
0x5C
1.160
0x7C
1.320
0x1D
0.845
0x3D
1.005
0x5D
1.165
0x7D
1.325
0x1E
0.850
0x3E
1.010
0x5E
1.170
0x7E
1.330
0x1F
0.855
0x3F
1.015
0x5F
1.175
0x7F
1.335
20
LM10506
19.1.1.3 ADDR 0x0B: Comparator Threshold Mapping
Voltage code
Voltage
Voltage code
Voltage
0x00
2.000
0x20
3.016
0x01
2.032
0x21
3.048
0x02
2.064
0x22
3.080
0x03
2.095
0x23
3.111
0x04
2.127
0x24
3.143
0x05
2.159
0x25
3.175
0x06
2.191
0x26
3.207
0x07
2.222
0x27
3.238
0x08
2.254
0x28
3.270
0x09
2.286
0x29
3.302
0x0A
2.318
0x2A
3.334
0x0B
2.349
0x2B
3.365
0x0C
2.381
0x2C
3.397
0x0D
2.413
0x2D
3.429
0x0E
2.445
0x2E
3.461
0x0F
2.476
0x2F
3.492
0x10
2.508
0x30
3.524
0x11
2.540
0x31
3.556
0x12
2.572
0x32
3.588
0x13
2.603
0x33
3.619
0x14
2.635
0x34
3.651
0x15
2.667
0x35
3.683
0x16
2.699
0x36
3.715
0x17
2.730
0x37
3.746
0x18
2.762
0x38
3.778
0x19
2.794
0x39
3.810
0x1A
2.826
0x3A
3.842
0x1B
2.857
0x3B
3.873
0x1C
2.889
0x3C
3.905
0x1D
2.921
0x3D
3.937
0x1E
2.953
0x3E
3.969
0x1F
2.984
0x3F
4.000
21
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LM10506
ing NFET connected between the output and ground and a
feedback path. The following figure shows the block diagram
of each of the three buck regulators integrated in the device.
19.2 BUCK REGULATORS OPERATION
A buck converter contains a control block, a switching PFET
connected between input and output, a synchronous rectify-
30166208
FIGURE 4. Buck Functional Diagram
During the first portion of each switching cycle, the control
block turns on the internal PFET switch. This allows current
to flow from the input through the inductor to the output filter
capacitor and load. The inductor limits the current to a ramp
with a slope of (VIN – VOUT)/L by storing energy in a magnetic
field. During the second portion of each cycle, the control
block turns the PFET switch off, blocking current flow from the
input, and then turns the NFET synchronous rectifier on. The
inductor draws current from ground through the NFET to the
output filter capacitor and load, which ramps the inductor current down with a slope of (–VOUT)/L.
The output filter stores charge when the inductor current is
high, and releases it when low, smoothing the voltage across
the load. The output voltage is regulated by modulating the
PFET switch on time to control the average current sent to the
load. The effect is identical to sending a duty-cycle modulated
rectangular wave formed by the switch and synchronous rectifier at the SW pin to a low-pass filter formed by the inductor
and output filter capacitor. The output voltage is equal to the
average voltage at the SW pin.
of the output. The lowest input to output dropout voltage is
achieved by keeping the PMOS switch on.
Additional features include soft-start, undervoltage lockout,
bypass, and current and thermal overload protection. To reduce the input current ripple, the device employs a control
circuit that operates the 3 bucks at 120° phase. These bucks
are nearly identical in performance and mode of operation.
They can operate in FPWM (forced PWM) or automatic mode
(PWM/PFM).
19.2.2 PWM Operation
During PWM operation the converter operates as a voltagemode controller with input voltage feed forward. This allows
the converter to achieve excellent load and line regulation.
The DC gain of the power stage is proportional to the input
voltage. To eliminate this dependence, a feed forward voltage
inversely proportional to the input voltage is introduced.
In Forced PWM Mode the bucks always operate in PWM
mode regardless of the output current.
In Automatic Mode, if the output current is less than 70 mA
(typ.), the bucks automatically transition into PFM (Pulse Frequency Modulation) operation to reduce the current consumption. At higher than 100 mA (typ.) they operate in PWM
mode. This increases the efficiency at lower output currents.
The 30 mA (typ.) hysteresis is designed in for stable Mode
transition.
While in PWM mode, the output voltage is regulated by
switching at a constant frequency and then modulating the
energy per cycle to control power to the load. At the beginning
of each clock cycle the PFET switch is turned on, and the
inductor current ramps up until the comparator trips and the
control logic turns off the switch. The current limit comparator
can also turn off the switch in case the current limit of the
PFET is exceeded. In this case the NFET switch is turned on
and the inductor current ramps down. The next cycle is initiated by the clock turning off the NFET and turning on the
PFET.
19.2.1 Buck Regulators Description
The LM10506 incorporates three high-efficiency synchronous
switching buck regulators that deliver various voltages from a
single DC input voltage. They include many advanced features to achieve excellent voltage regulation, high efficiency
and fast transient response time. The bucks feature voltage
mode architecture with synchronous rectification.
Each of the switching regulators is specially designed for
high-efficiency operation throughout the load range. With a
2MHz typical switching frequency, the external L- C filter can
be small and still provide very low output voltage ripple. The
bucks are internally compensated to be stable with the recommended external inductors and capacitors as detailed in
the application diagram. Synchronous rectification yields high
efficiency for low voltage and high output currents.
All bucks can operate up to a 100% duty cycle allowing for the
lowest possible input voltage that still maintains the regulation
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22
LM10506
30166209
FIGURE 5. PFM vs PWM Operation
achieve high efficiencies under extremely light load conditions. When the output drops below the ‘low’ PFM threshold,
the cycle repeats to restore the output voltage to ~1.6% above
the nominal PWM output voltage.
If the load current should increase during PFM mode causing
the output voltage to fall below the ‘low2’ PFM threshold, the
part will automatically transition into fixed-frequency PWM
mode.
19.2.3 PFM Operation (Bucks 1, 2 & 3)
At very light loads, Buck 1, 2 and Buck 3 enter PFM mode and
operate with reduced switching frequency and supply current
to maintain high efficiency.
Buck 1, 2 and 3 will automatically transition into PFM mode
when either of two conditions occurs for a duration of 32 or
more clock cycles:
1. The inductor current becomes discontinuous, or
2. The peak PMOS switch current drops below the IMODE
level.
During PFM operation, the converter positions the output voltage slightly higher than the nominal output voltage during
PWM operation, allowing additional headroom for voltage
drop during a load transient from light to heavy load. The PFM
comparators sense the output voltage via the feedback pin
and control the switching of the output FETs such that the
output voltage ramps between 0.8% and 1.6% (typical) above
the nominal PWM output voltage. If the output voltage is below the ‘high’ PFM comparator threshold, the PMOS power
switch is turned on. It remains on until the output voltage exceeds the ‘high’ PFM threshold or the peak current exceeds
the IPFM level set for PFM mode.
Once the PMOS power switch is turned off, the NMOS power
switch is turned on until the inductor current ramps to zero.
When the NMOS zero-current condition is detected, the
NMOS power switch is turned off. If the output voltage is below the ‘high’ PFM comparator threshold (see Figure 5), the
PMOS switch is again turned on and the cycle is repeated
until the output reaches the desired level. Once the output
reaches the ‘high’ PFM threshold, the NMOS switch is turned
on briefly to ramp the inductor current to zero and then both
output switches are turned off and the part enters an extremely low power mode. Quiescent supply current during this
‘idle’ mode is less than 100 µA, which allows the part to
19.2.4 Soft Start
Each of the buck converters has an internal soft-start circuit
that limits the in-rush current during startup. This allows the
converters to gradually reach the steady-state operating
point, thus reducing startup stresses and surges. During startup, the switch current limit is increased in steps.
For Buck 1, 2 and 3 the soft start is implemented by increasing the switch current limit in steps that are gradually set
higher. The startup time depends on the output capacitor size,
load current and output voltage. Typical startup time with the
recommended output capacitor of 10 µF is 0.2 to 1ms. It is
expected that in the final application the load current condition
will be more likely in the lower load current range during the
start up.
19.2.5 Current Limiting
A current limit feature protects the device and any external
components during overload conditions. In PWM mode the
current limiting is implemented by using an internal comparator that trips at current levels according to the buck capability.
If the output is shorted to ground the device enters a timed
current limit mode where the NFET is turned on for a longer
duration until the inductor current falls below a low threshold,
ensuring inductor current has more time to decay, thereby
preventing runaway.
23
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LM10506
bypass mode or standard switching regulation is constantly
monitored while the regulators are enabled. If at any time the
input voltage goes above 3.5V (2.6V for Buck 2) while in bypass mode, the regulators will transition to normal operation.
When the bypass mode is enabled, the output voltage of the
buck that is in bypass mode is not regulated, but instead, the
output voltage follows the input voltage minus the voltage
drop seen across the FET and DCR of the inductor. The voltage drop is a direct result of the current flowing across those
resistive elements. When Buck 1 transitions into bypass
mode, there is an extra FET used in parallel along with the
high side FET for transmission of the current to the load. This
added FET will help reduce the resistance seen by the load
and decrease the voltage drop. For Buck 2, the bypass function uses the same high side FET.
19.2.6 Internal Synchronous Rectification
While in PWM mode, the bucks use an internal NFET as a
synchronous rectifier to reduce the rectifier forward voltage
drop and the associated power loss. Synchronous rectification provides a significant improvement in efficiency whenever the output voltage is relatively low compared to the voltage
drop across an ordinary rectifier diode.
19.2.7 Bypass-FET Operation on Buck 1 and Buck 2
There is an additional bypass FET used on Buck 1. The FET
is connected in parallel to High Side FET and inductor. Buck
2 has no extra bypass FET – it uses High Side FET (PFET)
for bypass operation. If Buck 1 input voltage is greater than
3.5V (2.6V for Buck 2), the bypass function is disabled. The
determination of whether or not the Buck regulators are in
30166212
The minimum input voltage needed to support the output voltage:
VIN_MIN=VOUT+ILOAD*(RDSON_PFET+RIND), where
• ILOAD = Load Current
• RDSON_PFET = Drain to source resistance of PFET (high
side) switch in the triode region
• RIND = Inductor resistance
19.2.8 Low Dropout Operation
The device can operate at 100% duty cycle (no switching;
PMOS switch completely on) for low dropout support. In this
way the output voltage will be controlled down to the lowest
possible input voltage. When the device operates near 100%
duty cycle, output voltage ripple is approximately 25 mV.
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24
20.1 STARTUP SEQUENCE
The startup mode of the LM10506 will depend on the input
voltage. Once VIN reaches the UVLO threshold, there is a 15
msec delay before the LM10506 determines how to set up the
buck regulators. If VIN is below 3.6V, then Buck 1 and Buck 2
will be in bypass mode, see Section 19.2.7 Bypass-FET Operation on Buck 1 and Buck 2 for functionality description. If
the VIN voltage is greater than 3.6V the bucks will start up as
the standard regulators. The 3 buck regulators are staggered
during startup to avoid large inrush currents. There is a fixed
delay of 2 msec between the startup of each regulator.
30166206
FIGURE 6. Operating Modes
age settings on the regulators will go back to their default
states.
20.2 POWER-ON DEFAULT AND DEVICE ENABLE
The device is always enabled and the LDO is always on, unless outside of operating voltage range. There is no LM10506
Enable Pin. Once VIN reaches a minimum required input Voltage the power-up sequence will be started automatically and
the startup sequence will be initiated. Once the device is
started, the output voltage of the Bucks 1 and 2 can be individually disabled by accessing their corresponding BKEN
register bits (BUCK CONTROL).
20.4 STANDBY: FUNCTION
The Device can be programmed into Standby mode. There
are 2 ways for doing that:
1. STANDBY pin
2. Programming via SPI
20.4.1 STANDBY Pin
When the STANDBY pin is asserted high, the LM10506 will
enter Standby Mode. While in Standby Mode, Buck 1 and
Buck 2 are disabled. Buck 3’s output voltage is transitioned
to the PSML (Programmable Standby Mode Level) as set by
20.3 RESET: PIN FUNCTION
The RESET pin is internally pulled high. If the reset pin is
pulled low, the device will perform a complete reset of all the
registers to their default states. This means that all of the volt-
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LM10506
The Startup Sequence will be:
1. 15 msec (±30%) delay after VIN above UVLO
2. LDO → 3.2V → 3.2V
3. 2 msec delay
4. Buck 1 → 3.0V → 3.0V
5. 2 msec delay
6. Buck 2 → 3.0V or if H/L_B2 = Low → 1.8V
(For LM10506-A Buck 2 → 2.0V or if H/L_B2 = Low →
1.8V)
7. 2 msec delay
8. Buck 3 → 1.2V or if H/L_B3 = Low → 1.0V
20.0 Device Operating Modes
LM10506
register 0x09. The STANDBY pin is internally pulled down,
and there is a 1 second delay during powerup before the state
of the STANDBY pin is checked. Note: If Buck 1 and Buck 2
are already disabled, and the STANDBY pin is asserted high,
then Buck 3 will not go to PSML – for further instructions, see
Section 20.4.2 STANDBY Programming via SPI.
Bucks 1 and 2 will be ramped down when the disable signal
is given. Buck 1 starts ramping 2ms after Buck 2 has started
ramping.
Entering Standby Sequence will be:
1. Buck 3 → PSML (Programmable Standby Mode Level)
2. 2 msec delay
3. Buck 2 → Disabled
4. 2 msec delay
5. Buck 1 → Disabled
An internal 22 kΩ pull down resistor (±30%) is attached to the
FB pin of Buck 1 and Buck 2. Buck 1 and 2 outputs are pulled
to ground level when they are disabled to discharge any
residual charge present in the output circuitry. When STANDBY transitions to a low, Buck 1 is again enabled followed by
Buck 2. Buck 3 will go back to its previous state.
When waking up from Standby, the sequence will be:
1. Buck 1 → Previous State
2. 2 msec delay
3. Buck 2 and Buck 3 transition together → Previous State
unstable operation, the undervoltage lockout (UVLO) has a
hysteresis window of about 300 mV. An UVLO will force the
device into the reset state, all internal registers are reset.
Once the supply voltage is above the UVLO hysteresis, the
device will initiate a power-up sequence and then enter the
active state.
Buck 1 and Buck 2 will remain in bypass mode after VIN passes the UVLO until VIN reaches approximately 1.9V. When
Buck 2 is set to 1.8V, the voltage will jump from 1.8V to
VUVLO_FALLING, and then follow VIN.
The LDO and the Comparator will remain functional past the
UVLO threshold until VIN reaches approximately 2.25V.
20.4.2 STANDBY Programming via SPI
There is no bit which has the same function as STANDBY
PIN. There is only one requirement programming LM10506
into Standby Mode via SPI. Setting LDO Sleep Mode bit high
must be the last move when entering Standby Mode and programming the bit low when waking from Standby Mode must
be the first move. Disabling or programming the Bucks to new
level is the user’s decision based on power consumption and
other requirements.
The following section describes how to program the chip into
Standby Mode corresponding to STANDBY PIN function. To
program the LM10506 to Standby Mode via SPI Buck 1 and
Buck 2 must be disabled by host device (Register 0x0A bit 1
and 0). Buck 3 must be programmed to desired level using
Register 0x00. After Buck 3 has finished ramping LDO Sleep
Mode bit must be set high (Register 0x0E bit 1). To wake
LM10506 from Standby Mode LDO Sleep Mode bit must be
set low (Register 0x0E bit 1). Buck 1 and 2 must be enabled.
Buck 3 voltage must be programmed to previous output level.
20.8 DEVICE STATUS, INTERRUPT ENABLE
The LM10506 has 2 interrupt registers, INTERRUPT ENABLE and INTERRUPT STATUS. These registers can be
read via the serial interface. The interrupts are not latched to
the register and will always represent the current state and
will not be cleared on a read.
If interrupt condition is detected, then corresponding bit in the
INTERRUPT STATUS register (0x0D) is set to '1', and IRQ
output is asserted. There are 5 interrupt generating conditions:
• Buck 3 output is over flag level (90% when rising, 85%
when falling)
• Buck 2 output is over flag level (90% when rising, 85%
when falling)
• Buck 1 output is over flag level (90% when rising, 85%
when falling)
• LDO is over flag level (90% when rising, 85% when falling
• Comparator input voltage crosses over selected threshold
Reading the interrupt register will not release IRQ output. Interrupt generation conditions can be individually enabled or
disabled by writing respective bits in INTERRUPT ENABLE
register (0x0C) to '1' or '0'.
20.7 OVERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT (OVLO)
The VIN voltage is monitored for a supply over voltage condition, for which the operation of the device cannot be guaranteed. The purpose of overvoltage lockout (OVLO) is to protect
the part and all other consumers connected to the PMU outputs from any damage and malfunction. Once VIN rises over
5.7V all the Bucks, and LDO will be disabled automatically.
To prevent unstable operation, the OVLO has a hysteresis
window of about 100 mV. An OVLO will force the device into
the reset state; all internal registers are reset. Once the supply
voltage is below the OVLO hysteresis, the device will initiate
a power-up sequence, and then enter the active state. Operating maximum input voltage at which parameters are guaranteed is 5.5V. Absolute maximum of the device is 6.0V.
20.5 HL_B2, HL_B3 FUNCTION
The HL_B2/3 pins are digital pins which control alternate voltage selections of Buck 2 and Buck 3, respectively. HL_B2 has
an internal pulldown which defaults to a 1.8V output voltage
selection for Buck 2. Alternatively, if HL_B2 is driven high, an
output voltage of 3.0V (or 2.0V for LM10506-A) is selected.
HL_B3 has an internal pullup which defaults to a 1.2V output
voltage selection for Buck 3. Alternatively, if HL_B3 is driven
low, an output voltage of 1.0V is selected. The pullup resistor
is connected to the main input voltage. Transitions of the pins
will not affect the output voltage, the state is only checked
during startup.
20.9 THERMAL SHUTDOWN (TSD)
The temperature of the silicon die is monitored for an overtemperature condition, for which the operation of the device
can not be guaranteed. The part will automatically be disabled
if the temperature is too high. The thermal shutdown (TSD)
will force the device into the reset state. In reset, all circuitry
is disabled. To prevent unstable operation, the TSD has a
hysteresis window of about 20°C. Once the temperature has
decreased below the TSD hysteresis, the device will initiate
a powerup sequence and then enter the active state. In the
active state, the part will start up as if for the first time, all
registers will be in their default state.
20.6 UNDERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT (UVLO)
The VIN voltage is monitored for a supply under voltage condition, for which the operation of the device can not be guaranteed. The part will automatically disable Buck 3. To prevent
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30166207
27
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LM10506
output is high if the VCOMP value is less than the threshold
level. If IRQ_polarity = 1 → Active high is selected then the
output is high if VCOMP value is greater than the threshold level. The output is low if the VCOMP value is less than the
threshold level. There is some hysteresis when VCOMP transitions from high to low, typically 60 mV. There is a control bit
in register 0x0B, comparator control, that can double the hysteresis value.
20.10 COMPARATOR
The comparator on the LM10506 takes its inputs from the
VCOMP pin and an internal threshold level which is programmed by the user. The threshold level is programmable
between 2.0 and 4.0V with a step of 31 mV and a default comp
code of 0x19. The output of the comparator is the IRQ pin. Its
polarity can be changed using Register 0x0E bit 0. If IRQ_polarity = 0 → Active low (default) is selected, then the output is
low if VCOMP value is greater than the threshold level. The
LM10506
21.2.1 Recommended Method for Inductor Selection:
The best way to guarantee the inductor does not saturate is
to choose an inductor that has saturation current rating
greater than the maximum device current limit, as specified
in the Electrical Characteristics tables. In this case the device
will prevent inductor saturation by going into current limit before the saturation level is reached.
21.0 External Components
Selection
All three switchers require an input capacitor and an output
inductor-capacitor filter. These components are critical to the
performance of the device. All three switchers are internally
compensated and do not require external components to
achieve stable operation. The output voltages of the bucks
can be programmed through the SPI pins.
21.2.2 Alternate Method for Inductor Selection:
If the recommended approach cannot be used care must be
taken to guarantee that the saturation current is greater than
the peak inductor current:
21.1 OUTPUT INDUCTORS & CAPACITORS SELECTION
There are several design considerations related to the selection of output inductors and capacitors:
• Load transient response
• Stability
• Efficiency
• Output ripple voltage
• Over current ruggedness
The device has been optimized for use with nominal LC values as shown in the Typical Application Circuit (page 1).
21.2 INDUCTOR SELECTION
The recommended inductor values are shown in Section 5.0
Typical Application Diagram. It is important to guarantee the
inductor core does not saturate during any foreseeable operational situation. The inductor should be rated to handle the
peak load current plus the ripple current:
Care should be taken when reviewing the different saturation
current ratings that are specified by different manufacturers.
Saturation current ratings are typically specified at 25°C, so
ratings at maximum ambient temperature of the application
should be requested from the manufacturer.
ISAT:
Inductor saturation current at operating temperature
ILPEAK: Peak inductor current during worst case conditions
IOUTMAX: Maximum average inductor current
IRIPPLE: Peak-to-Peak inductor current
VOUT:
Output voltage
VIN:
Input voltage
L:
Inductor value in Henries at IOUTMAX
F:
Switching frequency, Hertz
D:
Estimated duty factor
EFF:
Estimated power supply efficiency
ISAT may not be exceeded during any operation, including
transients, startup, high temperature, worst-case conditions,
etc.
21.2.2.1 Suggested Inductors and Their Suppliers
The designer should choose the inductors that best match the
system requirements. A very wide range of inductors are
available as regarding physical size, height, maximum current
(thermally limited, and inductance loss limited), series resistance, maximum operating frequency, losses, etc. In general,
smaller physical size inductors will have higher series resistance (DCR) and implicitly lower overall efficiency is
achieved. Very low-profile inductors may have even higher
series resistance. The designer should try to find the best
compromise between system performance and cost.
There are two methods to choose the inductor saturation current rating:
TABLE 3. Recommended Inductors
Value
Manufacturer
Part Number
DCR
Current
Package
2.2 µH
Murata
LQH55PN2R2NR0L
31 mΩ
2.5A
2220
2.2 µH
TDK
NLC565050T-2R2K-PF
60 mΩ
1.3A
2220
2.2 µH
Murata
LQM2MPN2R2NG0
110 mΩ
1.2A
806
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21.2.3.1 Output Capacitor Selection
The output capacitor of a switching converter absorbs the AC
ripple current from the inductor and provides the initial response to a load transient. The ripple voltage at the output of
the converter is the product of the ripple current flowing
through the output capacitor and the impedance of the capacitor. The impedance of the capacitor can be dominated by
capacitive, resistive, or inductive elements within the capacitor, depending on the frequency of the ripple current. Ceramic
capacitors have very low ESR and remain capacitive up to
high frequencies. Their inductive component can usually be
neglected at the frequency ranges at which the switcher operates.
30166215
FIGURE 7. Typical Variation in Capacitance vs.
DC Bias
30166216
The output-filter capacitor smooths out the current flow from
the inductor to the load and helps maintain a steady output
voltage during transient load changes. It also reduces output
voltage ripple. These capacitors must be selected with sufficient capacitance and low enough ESR to perform these
functions.
Note that the output voltage ripple increases with the inductor
current ripple and the Equivalent Series Resistance of the
output capacitor (ESRCOUT). Also note that the actual value
of the capacitor’s ESRCOUT is frequency and temperature dependent, as specified by its manufacturer. The ESR should
be calculated at the applicable switching frequency and ambient temperature.
The ceramic capacitor’s capacitance can vary with temperature. The capacitor type X7R, which operates over a temperature range of −55°C to +125°C, will only vary the capacitance
to within ±15%. The capacitor type X5R has a similar tolerance over a reduced temperature range of −55°C to +85°C.
Many large value ceramic capacitors, larger than 1µF are
manufactured with Z5U or Y5V temperature characteristics.
Their capacitance can drop by more than 50% as the temperature varies from 25°C to 85°C. Therefore X7R is recommended over Z5U and Y5V in applications where the ambient
temperature will change significantly above or below 25°C.
Tantalum capacitors are less desirable than ceramic for use
as output capacitors because they are more expensive when
comparing equivalent capacitance and voltage ratings in the
30166217
29
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LM10506
0.47 µF to 44 µF range. Another important consideration is
that tantalum capacitors have higher ESR values than equivalent size ceramics. This means that while it may be possible
to find a tantalum capacitor with an ESR value within the stable range, it would have to be larger in capacitance (which
means bigger and more costly) than a ceramic capacitor with
the same ESR value. It should also be noted that the ESR of
a typical tantalum will increase about 2:1 as the temperature
goes from 25°C down to −40°C, so some guard band must
be allowed.
21.2.3 OUTPUT AND INPUT CAPACITORS
CHARACTERISTICS
Special attention should be paid when selecting these components. As shown in the following figure, the DC bias of these
capacitors can result in a capacitance value that falls below
the minimum value given in the recommended capacitor
specifications table. Note that the graph shows the capacitance out of spec for the 0402 case size capacitor at higher
bias voltages. It is therefore recommended that the capacitor
manufacturers’ specifications for the nominal value capacitor
are consulted for all conditions, as some capacitor sizes (e.g.,
0402) may not be suitable in the actual application.
LM10506
The device is designed to be used with ceramic capacitors on
the outputs of the buck regulators. The recommended dielectric type of these capacitors is X5R, X7R, or of comparable
material to maintain proper tolerances over voltage and temperature. The recommended value for the output capacitors
is 22 μF, 6.3V with an ESR of 2mΩ or less. The output capacitors need to be mounted as close as possible to the
output/ground pins of the device.
Output ripple can be estimated from the vector sum of the
reactive (capacitance) voltage component and the real (ESR)
voltage component of the output capacitor where:
where:
VOUT-RIPPLE-PP:
VROUT:
VCOUT
estimated output ripple,
estimated real output ripple,
estimated reactive output ripple.
TABLE 4. Recommended Output Capacitors
Model
Type
Vendor
Vendor
Voltage Rating
Case Size
08056D226MAT2A
Ceramic, X5R
AVX Corporation
6.3V
0805, (2012)
C0805L226M9PACTU
Ceramic, X5R
Kemet
6.3V
0805, (2012)
ECJ-2FB0J226M
Ceramic, X5R
Panasonic - ECG
6.3V
0805, (2012)
JMK212BJ226MG-T
Ceramic, X5R
Taiyo Yuden
6.3V
0603, (1608)
C2012X5R0J226M
Ceramic, X5R
TDK Corporation
6.3V
0603, (1608)
capacitor is 10 µF with an ESR of 10 mΩ or less. The input
capacitors need to be mounted as close as possible to the
power/ground input pins of the device.
The input power source supplies the average current continuously. During the PFET switch on-time, however, the demanded di/dt is higher than can be typically supplied by the
input power source. This delta is supplied by the input capacitor.
A simplified “worst case” assumption is that all of the PFET
current is supplied by the input capacitor. This will result in
conservative estimates of input ripple voltage and capacitor
RMS current.
Input ripple voltage is estimated as follows:
21.2.3.2 Input Capacitor Selection
There are 3 buck regulators in the LM10506 device. Each of
these buck regulators has its own input capacitor which
should be located as close as possible to their corresponding
SWx_VIN and SWx_GND pins, where x designates Buck 1,
2 or 3. The 3 buck regulators operate at 120° out of phase,
which means that they switch on at equally spaced intervals,
in order to reduce the input power rail ripple. It is recommended to connect all the supply/ground pins of the buck regulators, SWx_VIN to two solid internal planes located under the
device. In this way, the 3 input capacitors work together and
further reduce the input current ripple. A larger tantalum capacitor can also be located in the proximity of the device.
The input capacitor supplies the AC switching current drawn
from the switching action of the internal power FETs. The input current of a buck converter is discontinuous, so the ripple
current supplied by the input capacitor is large. The input capacitor must be rated to handle both the RMS current and the
dissipated power.
The input capacitor must be rated to handle this current:
where:
VPPIN:
IOUT:
CIN:
ESRCIN:
This capacitor is exposed to significant RMS current, so it is
important to select a capacitor with an adequate RMS current
rating. Capacitor RMS current estimated as follows:
The power dissipated in the input capacitor is given by:
The device is designed to be used with ceramic capacitors on
the inputs of the buck regulators. The recommended dielectric
type of these capacitors is X5R, X7R, or of comparable material to maintain proper tolerances over voltage and temperature. The minimum recommended value for the input
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estimated peak-to-peak input ripple voltage,
Output Current
Input capacitor value
input capacitor ESR.
IRMSCIN:
30
estimated input capacitor RMS current.
PC board layout is an important part of DC-DC converter design. Poor board layout can disrupt the performance of a DCDC converter and surrounding circuitry by contributing to EMI,
30166225
FIGURE 8. Schematic of LM10506 Highlighting Layout Sensitive Nodes
1.
2.
Minimize area of switched current loops. In a buck
regulator there are two loops where currents are
switched rapidly. The first loop starts from the CIN input
capacitor, to the regulator SWx_VIN pin, to the regulator
SW pin, to the inductor then out to the output capacitor
COUT and load. The second loop starts from the output
capacitor ground, to the regulator SWx_GND pins, to the
inductor and then out to COUT and the load (see figure
above). To minimize both loop areas the input capacitor
should be placed as close as possible to the VIN pin.
Grounding for both the input and output capacitors
should consist of a small localized top side plane that
connects to PGND. The inductor should be placed as
close as possible to the SW pin and output capacitor.
Minimize the copper area of the switch node. The SW
pins should be directly connected with a trace that runs
on top side directly to the inductor. To minimize IR losses
this trace should be as short as possible and with a
sufficient width. However, a trace that is wider than 100
mils will increase the copper area and cause too much
capacitive loading on the SW pin. The inductors should
3.
4.
5.
31
be placed as close as possible to the SW pins to further
minimize the copper area of the switch node.
Have a single point ground for all device analog grounds.
The ground connections for the feedback components
should be connected together then routed to the GND pin
of the device. This prevents any switched or load currents
from flowing in the analog ground plane. If not properly
handled, poor grounding can result in degraded load
regulation or erratic switching behavior.
Minimize trace length to the FB pin. The feedback trace
should be routed away from the SW pin and inductor to
avoid contaminating the feedback signal with switch
noise.
Make input and output bus connections as wide as
possible. This reduces any voltage drops on the input or
output of the converter and can improve efficiency. If
voltage accuracy at the load is important make sure
feedback voltage sense is made at the load. Doing so will
correct for voltage drops at the load and provide the best
output accuracy.
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LM10506
ground bounce, and resistive voltage loss in the traces. These
can send erroneous signals to the DC-DC converter resulting
in poor regulation or instability. Good layout can be implemented by following a few simple design rules.
22.0 PCB Layout Considerations
LM10506
30166226
FIGURE 9. Possible PCB Layout Configuration to Use
6X Through Hole Vias in the Middle
Outside 7x7 array 0.4 mm micro SMD 34-bump, with 24
peripheral and 6 inner vias = 30 individual signals
22.1 PCB LAYOUT THERMAL DISSIPATION FOR MICRO SMD PACKAGE
1. Position ground layer as close as possible to micro SMD
2. Draw power traces as wide as possible. Bumps which
package. Second PCB layer is usually good option.
carry high currents should be connected to wide traces.
LM10506 evaluation board is a good example.
This helps the silicon to cool down.
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LM10506
23.0 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted
34-bump micro SMD Package
Package Number TME34AAA
X1 = 2.815 mm ±0.030 mm
X2 = 2.815 mm ±0.030 mm
X3 = 0.600 mm ±0.075 mm
33
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LM10506 Triple Buck + LDO Power Management Unit
Notes
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