CH5101A CHRONTEL CMOS Monochrome Digital Video Camera Features Description • 352 x 288 monochrome active pixel array, 1/3 inch lens format ¥ The CH5101 is a single chip active pixel CMOS monochrome video camera with digital video output in several formats. Using sophisticated noise correction circuitry to minimize fixed pattern noise and dark current effects, the CH5101 provides a supurb quality picture in a low cost device. • Programmable formats CIF 352x288, QCIF 176x144, CCIR601 704x288 • Digital output CCIR601 4:2:2 (8-bit) • Multidimensional automatic shutter control The CH5101 uses a proprietary autoshutter algorithm to dynamically control the shutter time, analog gain, and black clamp level, providing optimum picture and contrast under all lighting conditions. The CH5101 also incorporates extensive on-chip programmable digital signal processing to maximize the usefulness of the device in processor driven applications. This includes 16 programmable zones for backlight compensation, allowing the user to adjust the image to their unique lighting environment. • Below 1 LUX sensitivity • Programmable I2C Serial bus control: - Frame rate: 30fps-1fps in eight steps Gamma correction Shutter speed Analog gain 16 backlight compensation zones Black clamp level Power down modes • Stand-alone 25fps PAL and 30fps NTSC operation with all automatic features • Single crystal operation: Video timing on-chip • Single 5V power supply Additionally, at power-up the backlight compensation zone, power-up condition, and direct A/D output modes are selectable without IIC control by using the PUD pins. Requiring a minimum of parts for operation, the CH5101 provides a low cost camera for the next generation videophone, toy, and surveillance products. • Less than 0.5 watt power dissipation ¥ Patent number x,xxx,xxx patents pending 352 Columns R O W Photocell Array Shutter Control T I M I N G 288 Rows I 2C BUS Timing & Mode Control Row Decode SD SC AS HREF PDP* HS* VS* CLKOUT Reset* XI/Fin XO PUD[6:0] TOUT/TOUTB OVR A/D Gain Black Clamp 2-D LPF Gamma Correct Output Format Y[7:0] Figure 1: Block Diagram 201-0000-033 Rev 1.0, 6/2/99 1 3 VRS TOUT AGND TOUTB AVDD DVDD CMB2 RESET* AS DGND SC SD CH5101A DVDD CHRONTEL 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 DGND VS* HS* 1 DVDD OVR HREF 4 5 6 Y0 Y1 7 8 9 10 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 39 38 37 2 3 36 35 34 33 Image Array 32 31 30 29 11 12 13 28 27 AVDD ARF ARF2 AGND CRF VREF AVDD XI/FIN XO AGND DGND PDP* DVDD NC NC PUD5* PUD6 PUD4* PUD3* PUD2* PUD1* PUD0* CLKOUT DGND Y7 DVDD 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Figure 2: 52-Pin PQFP 2 201-0000-033 Rev 1.0, 6/2/99 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 TOUT AGND VRS 47 32 33 NC NC PUD6 PUD4* PUD5* 27 28 29 30 31 PUD3* DVDD Y7 PUD2* 35 34 21 22 Y4 PUD1* Y1 Y2 Y3 24 20 Y0 Image Array 25 26 Y6 OVR HREF 1mm DGND Y5 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 DVDD TOUTB 8 9 10 PUD0* VS* HS* CLKOUT 23 DGND 50 49 48 7 6 5 4 DVDD CH5101A SC SD DGND 3 RESET* 2 AS 1 DVDD 52 CMB2 51 AVDD CHRONTEL AVDD ARF ARF2 AGND CRF VREF AVDD XI/FIN XO AGND DGND PDP* DVDD .600 in Sq Figure 3: 52 Contact Ceramic LCC (Top View) 201-0000-033 Rev 1.0, 6/2/99 3 CHRONTEL CH5101A 60 um 1301 um Image Array 3670.3 um Package Centerline CMOS Die Package Centerline 4906.7 um Figure 4: CH5101 Array Image Offset 4 201-0000-033 Rev 1.0, 6/2/99 CHRONTEL CH5101A Table 1. Pin Descriptions Pin Type Note: Pin numbers in parenthesis ( ) are for 52 pin PQFP Symbol Description Out Y[7:0] Video Output Provides the luminance data of the digital video output. 1,7,11,22,34, (4,15,27,46,52) Power DVDD Digital Supply Voltage These pins supply the 5V power to the digital section of CH5101. 4,8,24,36, (1, 17, 29, 49) Power DGND Digital Ground Provides the ground reference for the digital section of CH5101. These pins MUST be connected to the system ground. In PUD[5:0]* PUD[6] Power Up Detect (internal pull-up) These are inputs controlling the default value of IIC register bits M0, ADDO, PD, ASW[3:0]. Attach 100K Ohms to DGND to pull low. NOTE: PUD[5:0]* are logically inverted 23 (16) Out CLKOUT Video Pixel Clock Output This pin outputs a buffered clock signal which can be used to latch data output by pins Y[7:0] 9 (2) Out VS* Vertical Sync Output (active low) Outputs a vertical sync pulse. 10 (3) Out HS* Horizontal Sync Output (active low) Outputs a horizontal sync pulse. 12 (5) Out OVR Over Range This pin is high when the A/D converter input is beyond the full scale range of the A/D. 13 (6) Out HREF Horizontal Reference Active video timing signal. This output is high when active data is being output from the device, and low otherwise. 6 (51) In SC Serial Clock IIC clock input pin. 5 (50) In/Out SD Serial Data IIC data input/output pin. 2 (47) In AS Chip Address Select (internal pullup) This pin selects the IIC address for the device. AS = 1 Address = 100 0101 AS = 0 Address = 100 0110 3 (48) In RESET* Chip Reset (active low, internal pullup) Puts all registers into power-on default states. The state at pin SD must be HIGH during reset for proper initialization. 38 (31) In/Out XO Crystal Output A 27 MHz (± 50 ppm, parallel resonance) crystal may be attached between XO and XI/FIN. 39 (32) In XI/FIN Crystal Input or External input A 27 MHz (± 50 ppm, parallel resonance) crystal should be attached between XO and XI/FIN. An external CMOS compatible clock can be connected to XI/FIN as an alternative. 21-14 (14-7) 31-25 (24-18) 201-0000-033 Rev 1.0, 6/2/99 5 CHRONTEL CH5101A Table 1. Pin Descriptions Pin 40,46,51 (33, 39, 44) 41 (34) 37,43,48 (30, 36, 41) 42 (35) Type Note: Pin numbers in parenthesis ( ) are for 52 pin PQFP Symbol Description Power AVDD Analog Supply Voltage Supplies the 5V power to the analog section of the CH5101. Out VREF Voltage Reference VREF provides a 1.235V reference. A 0.01µF decoupling capacitor should be connected between VREF and AGND. Power AGND Analog Ground These pins provide the ground reference for the analog section of CH5101. Pins must be connected to the system ground to prevent latchup. Out CRF Column Filter CRF provides a 2.5 V reference that is used as a bias to the column sample and holds. A 0.1µF decoupling capacitor should be connected between CRF and AGND. 49,50 (42, 43) In/Out TOUT, TOUTB Test Mode I/O Pins For test purposes only. Should be NC. 44,45 (37, 38) Out ARF2, ARF Array Filters A 0.1uF decoupling capacitors should be connected between each of the pins and AGND. 47 (40) Out VRS Array Bias Filter VRS provides a 2.1V reference. A 0.1µF decoupling capacitor should be connected between VRS and AGND. NC No Connect These pins to be left open 32,33 (25,26) 6 35 (28) In PDP* Power Down Pin (active low, internal pullup) 0 = Power Down 52 (45) Out CMB2 Bias Filter A 0.1µF decoupling capacitor should be connected between CMB2 and AGND. 201-0000-033 Rev 1.0, 6/2/99 CHRONTEL CH5101A Functional Description The CH5101 accepts a light input to a photosensitive array, and produces a digital video stream in response. internal functions performed are: • Scanning of the photodiode array into a serial data stream. • • Programmable gain sample and hold with programmable offset. Digitization of data stream. • Programmable gamma correction. • • Interpolate/Decimate data to desired resolution Formatting of the data stream for the desired type of output. • • Automatic Shutter, Gain and Black Setting. Timing signal generation. • Bus control. • Power up control of key register bits The Scanning of the photodiode array: The CH5101 serializes the data captured in the photo array, and outputs one pixel of data each clock period. The first row is output a programmable number of lines after the leading edge of the vertical sync output. After the entire row has been output, the next row will be addressed and output. Correlated double sampling techniques are used during readout to reduce fixed pattern noise. After this transfer is complete, pixel data is serially sent to the programmable gain amplifier and then to an A/D converter. Programmable gain sample and hold: The programmable gain is divided into two sections. The first gain block is controlled by PGSH[2:0] and the second by the ADFS control. ADFS can be treated as the MSB of the gain control, and a plot of gain versus control setting is shown below. The programmable gain section also provides a bias adjustment, under the control of the an chip DAC. When the ASBE bit is a one (default) this DAC value is determined automatically, via a feedback loop which monitors the A/D output signal. When the ASBE bit is a zero, the DAC can be controlled via BCLMP[7:0]. 30 25 20 GaindB n 15 10 5 0 0 2 4 6 8 Gain 201-0000-033 Rev 1.0, 6/2/99 10 12 14 16 n 7 CHRONTEL CH5101A A/D Conversion: The data out of the programmable sample and hold is input to an 8-bit A/D. The output of the A/D is sent to the datapath section, and can alternatively be sent directly to the Y[7:0] pins. The A/D has an over-range output which is available as an external pin. Programmable Gamma correction: The monochrome signals are next applied to a gamma correction block with selectable gamma settings of 1.0, 1.6 and 2.2, controlled via GAM[1:0]. Interpolate/Decimate data to desired resolution: The output resolution is determined by the mode register bits M[2:0]. When a CCIR601 mode is selected (M[2:0] = 4,5), a signal compatible with Chrontel's CH7202 input will be generated. This entails interpolating the luminance signal by a factor of two, and selecting the 8-bit output mode (register 00h, bit 0). The value of 128 is substituted for chrominance data (no color). When a CIF output is selected (M[2:0] = 1), the value of 128 is substituted for chrominance data. When QCIF output is selected (M[2:0] = 3), the Y resolution will be decimated by a factor of two in both horizontal and vertical directions. This requires bandlimiting the Y data, decimating in the horizontal direction. The Y data is not decimated in the vertical direction.Automatic Shutter, Gain and Black Setting: Automatic Shutter, Gain and Black Setting: The CH5101 contains circuitry to automatically adjust the shutter (ESLE, ESLH and ESLL), programmable gain (PGSH[2:0]) and black level (BCLMP[7:0]. These feedback loops are independently controlled by the three control bits Auto-Shutter Shutter Enable (ASSE), Auto-Shutter Gain Enable (ASGE) and Auto-Shutter Black Enable (ASBE). When each of these loops is enabled (default), a read to the corresponding shutter, gain or black level register will result is a readout of the control signal the algorithm has determined to be correct. Data can continue to be written to the control registers, but will not have an effect until the automatic feedback control is disabled. The feedback loops will attempt to force a percentage of the image (controlled by ASBC[4:0] and ASBT[2:0]) to black, and a certain percentage of the image (controlled by ASWC[7:0]) inside the selectable window to white. This will create an output image which maximizes the dynamic range of the signal, without creating overflow or underflow problems within the A/D or the datapath. Timing signal generation: The CH5101 generates all required internal and external timing signals. The following timing signals are output by the CH5101: • Clock out (CLKOUT) - This output is used to latch the outputs of the Y]7:0], HS*, VS* and HREF. • Horizontal Sync (HS*) - The horizontal sync output is used to determine the start of a new line. Polarity is selectable via control bit HSP. • Vertical Sync (VS*) - The vertical sync output is used to determine the start of a new frame. Polarity is selectable via control bit VSP. • Horizontal Reference (HREF) - The horizontal reference is high when active data is output from the CH5101. The following timing parameters are programmable: 8 • Shutter - This control is divided among three registers, Electronic Shutter Length Extended (ESLE) , Electronic Shutter Length High (ESLH) and Electronic Shutter Length Low (ESLL). The control range is from ~1uS, to just under the frame duration. • Frame rate - In non-CCIR601 modes, the frame rate is selectable via the FR register. The CH5101 has two methods for adjusting the frame rate of the device. 201-0000-033 Rev 1.0, 6/2/99 CHRONTEL CH5101A • Horizontal start - In non-CCIR601 modes, the delay between the HS* output and the output of active data from the CH5101 is programmable via the HS register. The polarity of this output is programmable. • Vertical start - In non-CCIR601 modes, the delay between the VS* output and the output of active data from the CH5101 is programmable via the VS register. The polarity of this output is programmable. Frame rate adjustment method — The CH5101 has two methods for adjusting the frame rate of the device. The first method is to add additional black lines to each frame after reading out the active data. The second method is to have each frame remain a constant number of lines long, and have each line contain a variable number of blank pixels after reading out the active data. In this mode, all clock signals are 1/2 of the normal rate. Auto shutter speed — The auto-shutter loop speed can be controlled via ASSPD[2:0]. • • Bus control: The CH5101 is controlled via a 2 pin serial interface. The description of this interface, and all registers accessible via the interface is described later in the data sheet. Power up control: Seven bits within the CH5101 register map can have their default value determined at the time of power-up, or when the Reset pin is exercised. This is accomplished by using a high valued pull-down resistor on the PUD[6:0] pins. These pins are pulled high by an internal high impedance pull-up device. This pull-up can be overridden by connecting a 100K ohm resistor externally to ground. After three frames, the level at the PUD[6:0] pins is latched, and seven register bits are set or cleared depending upon the corresponding pin's level. The PUD[6:0] pins functions are then returned to outputs of the chroma data. The power-up control affects the following register bits: Table 2. Power Up Default Control Pin Register Bit Function PUD[5]* 22h 3 ADDO The A/D Direct Output mode can be selected at power up. This bypasses the 2D LPF and Gamma correction, which may be desirable for applications which want to use raw data. Logically inverted input No pull-down resistor - Datapath processing Pull-down resistor - A/D direct output PUD[4]* 19h 4 PD The power down bit can be enabled at power up. This may be desirable in USB cameras which have power limitations at power up. Logically inverted input No pull-down resistor - Normal power-up Pull-down resistor - Power-up in low-power mode PUD[6] 00h 1 M0 The Mode[0] bit can be used to select between NTSC or PAL output at power up. No pull-down resistor - PAL operation Pull-down resistor - NTSC operation PUD[3:0]* 1Eh 3:0 201-0000-033 Rev 1.0, 6/2/99 ASW[3:0] The auto-shutter window can be selected at power up. See the register description for corresponding window selection. Logically inverted inputs No pull-down resistors gives window "0", Center location 9 CHRONTEL CH5101A I2C Port Operation The CH5101 contains a standard I2C control port, through which the control registers can be written and read. This port is comprised of a two-wire serial interface, pins SD (bidirectional) and SC, which can be connected directly to the SDB and SCB buses as shown in Figure 5. The Serial Clock line (SC) is input only and is driven by the output buffer of the master device. The CH5101 acts as a slave and generation of clock signals on the bus is always the responsibility of the master device. When the bus is free, both lines are HIGH. The output stages of devices connected to the bus must have an open-drain or opencollector to perform the wired-AND function. Data on the bus can be transferred up to 400kbit/s according to I2C specifications. However, in direct connections to the bus master device, the CH5101 can operate at transfer rates up to 5 MHz. +VDD RP SDB (Serial Data Bus) SCB (Serial Clock Bus) SD SC DATAN2 OUT MASTER SCLK OUT FROM MASTER DATAN2 OUT DATA IN MASTER SCLK IN1 BUS MASTER DATA IN1 DATAN2 OUT SCLK IN2 SLAVE DATA IN2 SLAVE Figure 5: Connection of Devices to the Bus Electrical Characteristics for Bus Devices The electrical specifications of the bus devices’ inputs and outputs and the characteristics of the bus lines connected to them are shown in Figure 5. A pullup resistor (RP) must be connected to a 5V ± 10% supply. The CH5101 is a device with input levels related to VDD. Maximum and minimum values of pullup resistor (RP) The value of RP depends on the following parameters: • Supply voltage • Bus capacitance • Number of devices connected (input current + leakage current = Iinput) The supply voltage limits the minimum value of resistor R P due to the specified minimum sink current of 3mA at VOLmax = 0.4 V for the output stages: RP >= (VDD – 0.4) / 3 (RP in kΩ) The bus capacitance is the total capacitance of wire, connections and pins. This capacitance limits the maximum value of RP due to the specified rise time. The equation for RP is shown below: RP >= 103/C (where: RP is in kΩ and C, the total capacitance, is in pF) The maximum HIGH level input current of each input/output connection has a specified maximum value of 10 µA. Due to the desired noise margin of 0.2VDD for the HIGH level, this input current limits the maximum value of RP. 10 201-0000-033 Rev 1.0, 6/2/99 CHRONTEL CH5101A The RP limit depends on VDD and is shown below: RP >= (100 x VDD)/ Iinput (where: RP is in kΩ and Iinput is in µA) Transfer Protocol Both read and write cycles can be executed in Alternating and Auto-increment modes. Alternating mode expects a register address prior to each read or write from that location (i.e., transfers alternate between address and data). Auto-increment mode allows you to establish the initial register location, then automatically increments the register address after each subsequent data access (i.e., transfers will be address, data, data, data...). A basic serial port transfer protocol is shown in Figure 6 and described below. SD 1-7 8 Device ID R/W* SC Start Condition 9 1-8 ACK Data1 CH5101 acknowledge 9 1-8 ACK Data n CH5101 acknowledge 9 ACK CH5101 acknowledge Stop Condition Figure 6: Serial Port Transfer Protocol 1. The transfer sequence is initiated when a high-to-low transition of SD occurs while SC is high; this is the START condition. Transitions of address and data bits can only occur while SC is low. 2. The transfer sequence is terminated when a low-to-high transition of SD occurs while SC is high; this is the STOP condition. 3. Upon receiving the first START condition, the CH5101 expects a Device Address Byte (DAB) from the master device. The value of the device address is shown in the DAB data format below. Note that B[2:1] is determined by the state of the ADDR pin (see Table 1 for details). Table 3. Device Address Byte (DAB) B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 1 0 0 0 1 AS* AS R/W 4. After the DAB is received, the CH5101 expects a Register Address Byte (RAB) from the master. The format of the RAB is shown in the RAB data format below (note that B7 is not used). R/W Read/Write Indicator 0: Master device will write to the CH5101 at the register location specified by the address AR[5:0] 1: Master device will read from the CH5101 at the register location specified by the address AR[5:0]. AutoInc Register Address Auto-Increment - to facilitate sequential R/W of registers 1: Auto-Increment enabled (auto-increment mode). 201-0000-033 Rev 1.0, 6/2/99 11 CHRONTEL CH5101A Table 4. Register Address Byte (RAB) B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 X AutoInc AR[5] AR[4] AR[3] AR[2] AR[1] AR[0] Write: After writing data into a register, the address register will automatically be incremented by one. Read: Before loading data from a register to the on-chip temporary register (getting ready to be serially read), the address register will automatically be incremented by one. However, for the first read after an RAB, the address register will not be changed. 0: Auto-increment disabled (alternating mode). Write: After writing data into a register, the address register will remain unchanged until a new RAB is written. Read: Before loading data from a register to the on-chip temporary register (getting ready to be serially read), the address register will remain unchanged. AR[5:0] Specifies the Address of the Register to be Accessed. This register address is loaded into the address register of the CH5101. The R/W* access, which follows, is directed to the register specified by the content stored in the address register. The following two sections describe the operation of the serial interface for the four combinations of R/W* = 0,1 and AutoInc = 0,1. CH5101 Write Cycle Protocols (R/W* = 0) Data transfer with acknowledge is required. The acknowledge-related clock pulse is generated by the mastertransmitter. The mastertransmitter releases the SD line (HIGH) during the acknowledge clock pulse. The slave-receiver must pull down the SD line, during the acknowledge clock pulse, so that it remains stable LOW during the HIGH period of the clock pulse. The CH5101 always acknowledges for writes (see Figure 7). Note that the resultant state on SD is the wired-AND of data outputs from the transmitter and receiver . SD Data Output By Master-Transmitter not acknowledge SD Data Output By the CH5101 SC from Master acknowledge 1 2 Start Condition 8 9 clock pulse for acknowledgment Figure 7: Acknowledge on the Bus 12 201-0000-033 Rev 1.0, 6/2/99 CHRONTEL CH5101A Figure 8 shows two consecutive alternating write cycles for AutoInc = 0 and R/W* = 0. The byte of information following the Register Address Byte (RAB) is the data to be written into the register specified by AR[5:0]. If AutoInc = 0, then another RAB is expected from the master device followed by another data byte, and so on. CH5101 acknowledge SD CH5101 acknowledge CH5101 acknowledge CH5101 acknowledge CH5101 acknowledge I2C SC Start Condition 1-7 8 9 1-8 9 1-8 9 1-8 9 1-8 9 Device R/W* ACK RAB ACK Data ACK RAB ACK Data ACK Stop Condition Figure 8: Alternating Write Cycles Note: The acknowledge is from the CH5101 (slave). If AutoInc = 1, then the register address pointer will be incremented automatically and subsequent data bytes will be written into successive registers without providing an RAB between each data byte. An auto-increment write cycle is shown in Figure 9. CH5101 acknowledge SD CH5101 acknowledge CH5101 acknowledge CH5101 acknowledge I2C SC Start Condition 1-7 8 9 1-8 9 1-8 9 1-8 9 Device ID R/W* ACK RAB n ACK Data n ACK Data n+1 ACK Stop Condition Figure 9: Auto-Increment Write Cycle Note: The acknowledge is from the CH5101 (slave). When the auto-increment mode is enabled (AutoInc is set to 1), the register address pointer continues to increment for each write cycle until AR[5:0] = 26 (26 is the address of the address register). The next byte of information represents a new auto-sequencing starting address which is the address of the register to receive the next byte. The auto-sequencing then resumes based on this new starting address. The auto-increment sequence can be terminated any time by either a STOP or RESTART condition. The write operation can be terminated with a STOP condition. CH5101 Read Cycle Protocols (R/W = 1) If a master-receiver is involved in a transfer, it must signal the end of data to the slave-transmitter by not generating an acknowledge on the last byte that was clocked out of the slave. The slave-transmitter CH5101 releases the data line to allow the master to generate the STOP condition or the RESTART condition. To read the content of the registers, the master device starts by issuing a START condition (or a RESTART condition). The first byte of data, after the START condition, is a DAB with R/W = 0. The second byte is the RAB with AR[5:0] containing the address of the register that the master device intends to read from in AR[5:0]. The master device should then issue a RESTART condition (RESTART = START, without a previous STOP condition). The first byte of data, after this RESTART condition, is another DAB with R/W*=1, indicating the master’s intention to read data hereafter. The master then reads the next byte of data (the content of the register specified in the RAB). If AutoInc = 0, then another RESTART condition, followed by another DAB with R/W* = 0 and RAB, is expected from the master device. The master device then issues another RESTART, followed by another DAB. After 201-0000-033 Rev 1.0, 6/2/99 13 CHRONTEL CH5101A that, the master may read another data byte and so on. In summary, a RESTART condition, followed by a DAB, must be produced by the master before each of the RAB and before each of the data read events. Figure 10 shows two consecutive alternating read cycles. CH5101 acknowledge CH5101 acknowledge CH5101 acknowledge Master does not acknowledge SD I2C SC Start Condition 1-7 8 9 1-8 9 Device R/W* ACK RAB 1 ACK CH5101 acknowledge 10 Restart Condition 1-7 8 9 1-8 9 Device R/W* ACK Data 1 ACK CH5101 acknowledge Device ID I2C 8 9 1-8 9 R/W* ACK RAB 2 ACK 1-7 Restart Condition Master does not acknowledge CH5101 acknowledge I2C 10 10 1-7 Restart Device ID Condition 8 9 1-8 9 R/W* ACK Data 2 ACK Stop Condition Figure 10: Alternating Read Cycle If AutoInc = 1, then the address register will be incremented automatically and subsequent data bytes can be read from successive registers, without providing a second RAB CH5101 acknowledge CH5101 acknowledge CH5101 acknowledge Master acknowledge Master does not acknowledge just before Stop condition SD I2C SC Start Condition I2 C 1-7 8 9 1-8 9 Device R/W* ACK RAB n ACK 10 1-7 Restart Device Condition 8 9 1-8 9 1-8 9 R/W* ACK Data n ACK Data n+1 ACK Stop Condition Figure 11: Auto-increment Read Cycle When the auto-increment mode is enabled (AutoInc is set to 1), the address register will continue incrementing for each read cycle. When the content of the Address Register reaches 2A, it will wrap around and start from 00h again. The auto increment sequence can be terminated by either a STOP or RESTART condition. The read operation can be terminated with a “STOP” condition. Figure 11 shows an auto-increment read cycle terminated by a STOP or RESTART condition.The CH5101 contains 20 control registers each with a maximum of 8 usable bits to provide access to basic video attribute control functions. These registers are accessible via the 2-bit serial bus (SD & SC). The following sections describe the functions and the controls available through these registers. 14 201-0000-033 Rev 1.0, 6/2/99 CHRONTEL CH5101A Table 5. Register Descriptions Register Symbol Address (Hex) Default Value Description Mode/Output Format MOF 00 0000 1011 Selects the mode (CCIR601, CIF or QCIF) and output format. Frame Rate FR 01 0010 x000 Sets the frame rate of the output signal. The four MSBs contain the revision number. Horizontal Start HS 02 xx11 1101 Sets the horizontal start position of the active output pixel in relationship to the HSYNC signal. Vertical Start VS 03 x0x1 0101 Used to set the vertical start position of the active output pixel in relationship to the VSYNC signal. Electronic Shutter Length High Byte ESLH 04 1111 0000 Used in conjunction with ESLP register to specify the duration of the electronic shutter. Electronic Shutter Length Low Byte ESLL 05 0000 0000 Used in conjunction with ESLL register to specify the duration of the electronic shutter. RESERVED 06 - 16 Reserved Do not use PSH Gain Gamma PSHG 17 0001 1001 Selects the gain of the programmable sample and hold. 000 = 0dB gain, 111 = 14dB gain. Clamp Level BCLMP 18 1000 0000 Selects the level that the black level clamp adjust to during dark pixel. Miscellaneous MISC 19 1000 0000 7,6,5: Reserved 4: Power Down 3: V Sync. Polarity 2: H Sync. Polarity 1,0: Border Color Device ID DID 1A 0010 0000 The four MSBs hold the device ID. The four LSBs hold the version ID. Test Register TST 1B 0000 0000 Test Register Test Memory TM 1C 0000 0000 Test Register Auto-Shutter Enable ASE 1D 1110 0100 Enables and controls the following autoshutter algorithm parameters: 7: Enables the AS to control the shutter 6: Enables the AS to control black level 5: Enables the AS to control programmable gain. 4,3: Reserved 2-0: Determines the threshold of the shutter gain setting to enable black level changes. 201-0000-033 Rev 1.0, 6/2/99 15 CHRONTEL CH5101A Table 5. Register Descriptions Register Symbol Auto-Shutter Window and Input Control Bits Address (Hex) ASW 1E Default Value Description x100 PUD[3:0] Used to select the autoshutter window, display window, and select input data to algorithm: 6: Autoshutter max input enable 5: Autoshutter A/D or CSC select 4: Window Display 3-0: Window Select Auto-Shutter Black Count Threshold Value ASBC 1F 1111 1001 Determines the threshold that compares the Black Sense value. Auto-Shutter White Count Threshold Value ASWC 20 1000 0000 Determines the threshold that compares the White Sense value. Extended Shutter Bits ESLE 21 xxx0 0000 ESLE (MSB) along with ESLH and ESLL form the overall Shutter Length Control Register. Miscellaneous 2 MISC2 22 0001 1001 Determines Master clock frequency, CLKOUT control, and A/D Direct Output mode Miscellaneous 3 MISC3 23 0011 1001 Determines internal clock delay and A/D full scale value Power Down Register PD 24 xxx1 0000 This register controls the following functions: 4: ResetB 3: High Light Intensity Enable 2-0: Reserved. Address Register AR 26 0000 0000 Holds the address of the IIC register being accessed Table 6. Register Map 7 6 00 BIT: CIF2 ELFA CVL CHL 01 RNUM3 RNUM2 RNUM1 RNUM0 HS5 HS4 HS3 02 03 5 YDEL 4 3 M2 2 1 0 M1 M0 OF FR2 FR1 FR0 HS2 HS1 HS0 VS4 VS3 VS2 VS1 VS0 04 ESLH7 ESLH6 ESLH5 ESLH4 ESLH3 ESLH2 ESLH1 ESLH0 05 ESLL7 ESLL6 ESLL5 ESLL4 ESLL3 ESLL2 ESLL1 ESLL0 06 - 16 Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved 17 Reserved Reserved GAM1 GAM0 Reserved PSHG2 PSHG1 PSHG0 18 BCLMP7 BCLMP6 BCLMP5 BCLMP4 BCLMP3 BCLMP2 BCLMP1 BCLMP0 19 Reserved Reserved DVDD PD VSP HSP BDR1 BDR0 1A DID7 DID6 DID5 DID4 DID3 DID2 DID1 DID0 ASSE ASBE ASGE Reserved Reserved ASSPD2 ASSPD1 ASSPD0 ASME ASCSC ASWD ASW3 ASW2 ASW1 ASW0 1B 1C 1D 1E 1F ASBC4 ASBC3 ASBC2 ASBC1 ASBC0 ASBT2 ASBT1 ASBT0 20 ASWC7 ASWC6 ASWC5 ASWC4 ASWC3 ASWC2 ASWC1 ASWC0 ESLE4 ESLE3 ESLE2 ESLE1 ESLE0 ADD0 CLKOUTP DVC MCF CLKDLY3 CLKDLY2 CLKDLY1 CLKDLY0 Reserved PD2 PD1 PD0 21 22 RENB 23 ADFSR 24 16 ResetB 201-0000-033 Rev 1.0, 6/2/99 CHRONTEL CH5101A Mode / Output Format Register Symbol: MOF Address: 00h Bits: 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 SYMBOL: CIF2 ELFA CVL CHL M2 M1 M0 OF TYPE: R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 0 0 0 0 1 0 PUD6 1 BIT: DEFAULT: Register MOF determines the operating mode of the IC and the output data format. When bit 0 of register OF is low, data will be output in 16-bit mode. When OF is high, data will be time multiplexed and output on the 8-bit bus Y[7:0]. In the tables below, Y0 is the first pixel generated from the array on a given line, Y1 is the second pixel on that line, etc. In CCIR modes, Y0i, Y1i data are the pixels interpolated between the Y0 and Y1, and Y1 and Y2 samples. For each of the possible modes, the format of the output data is shown below. The total amount of time shown for each table is 24 cycles of MCLK when ELFA=0 and 48 cycles of MCLK when ELFA=1. The line number in each table refers to which active video line is being output. M[2:0] = 0 or 1, OF = 0, CIF2 = 0 (2 line pattern, CLKOUT = 6.75MHz (ELFA=0) or 3.375MHz (ELFA=1)) Line CLKOUT 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Y[7:0] Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 2 Y[7:0] Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 M[2:0] = 0 or 1, OF = 1, CIF2 = 0 (2 line pattern, CLKOUT = 13.5 MHz (ELFA=0) or 6.75MHz (ELFA=1)) Line CLKOUT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 Y[7:0] 128 Y0 128 Y1 128 Y2 128 Y3 128 Y4 128 Y5 2 Y[7:0] 128 Y0 128 Y1 128 Y2 128 Y3 128 Y4 128 Y5 M[2:0] = 0 or 1, OF = 0, CIF2 = 1 (1 line pattern, CLKOUT = 6.75MHz (ELFA=0) or 3.375MHz (ELFA=1)) Line CLKOUT 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Y[7:0] Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 2 Y[7:0] Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 M[2:0] = 0 or 1, OF = 1, CIF2 = 1 (1 line pattern, CLKOUT = 13.5 MHz (ELFA=0) or 6.75MHz (ELFA=1)) Line CLKOUT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 Y[7:0] 128 Y0 128 Y1 128 Y2 128 Y3 128 Y4 128 Y5 2 Y[7:0] 128 Y0 128 Y1 128 Y2 128 Y3 128 Y4 128 Y5 M[2:0]2 or 3, OF = 0 CIF2 = 0 (4 line pattern, CLKOUT = 6.75MHz (ELFA=0) or 3.375MHZ (ELFA=1)) 201-0000-033 Rev 1.0, 6/2/99 17 CHRONTEL CH5101A Line CLKOUT 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Y[7:0] Y0 Y0 Y2 Y2 Y4 Y4 2 Y[7:0] 16 16 16 16 16 16 3 Y[7:0] Y0 Y0 Y2 Y2 Y4 Y4 4 Y[7:0] 16 16 16 16 16 16 M[2:0] = 2 or 3, OF = 1 CIF2 = 0 (4 line pattern, CLKOUT = 13.5 MHz (ELFA=0) or 6.75MHZ (ELFA=1)) Line CLKOUT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 Y[7:0] 128 128 Y0 Y0 128 128 Y2 Y2 128 128 Y4 Y4 2 Y[7:0] 128 128 16 16 128 128 16 16 128 128 16 16 3 Y[7:0] 128 128 Y0 Y0 128 128 Y2 Y2 128 128 Y4 Y4 4 Y[7:0] 128 128 16 16 128 128 16 16 128 128 16 16 M[2:0] = 2 or 3, OF = 0 CIF2 = 1 (2 line pattern, CLKOUT = 6.75MHz (ELFA=0) or 3.375MHZ (ELFA=1)) Line CLKOUT 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Y[7:0] Y0 Y0 Y2 Y2 Y4 Y4 2 Y[7:0] 16 16 16 16 16 16 3 Y[7:0] Y0 Y0 Y2 Y2 Y4 Y4 4 Y[7:0] 16 16 16 16 16 16 M[2:0] = 2 or 3, OF = 1 CIF2 = 1 (2 line pattern, CLKOUT = 13.5 MHz (ELFA=0) or 6.75MHZ (ELFA=1)) Line CLKOUT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 Y[7:0] 128 128 Y0 Y0 128 128 Y2 Y2 128 128 Y4 Y4 2 Y[7:0] 128 128 16 16 128 128 16 16 128 128 16 16 3 Y[7:0] 128 128 Y0 Y0 128 128 Y2 Y2 128 128 Y4 Y4 4 Y[7:0] 128 128 16 16 128 128 16 16 128 128 16 16 M[2:0] = 4 or 5, OF = 0 (repeats pattern every line, CLKOUT =13.5 MHz) Line CLKOUT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 Y[7:0] Y0 Y0i Y1 Y1i Y2 Y2i Y3 Y3i Y4 Y4i Y5 Y5i M[2:0] = 4 or 5, OF = 1 (repeats pattern every line, CLKOUT = 27MHz) 18 201-0000-033 Rev 1.0, 6/2/99 CHRONTEL CH5101A Line CLKOUT 1 2 3 1 Y[7:0] 1 2 8 Y 1 0 2 8 4 5 Y 1 0 2 i 8 6 7 Y 1 1 2 8 8 9 Y 1 1 2 i 8 1 0 1 1 Y 1 2 2 8 1 2 1 3 Y 1 2 2 i 8 1 4 1 5 Y 1 3 2 8 1 6 1 7 Y 1 3 2 i 8 1 8 1 9 Y 1 4 2 8 2 0 2 1 Y 1 4 2 i 8 2 2 2 3 2 4 Y 1 5 2 8 Y 5 i Bits 1 through 3 of the MOF register along with ELFA, bit 6 select the mode that the IC operates according to the table below. A listing of ‘FR’ in a column indicates that the frame rate is adjusted through varying this parameter, and the table under the Frame Rate register should be used to determine this value. When mode 4 or 5 is selected, the value of the FR register is ignored, and the IC will output a frame rate compatible with the field rate of NTSC or PAL. An integer number of lines will be output in each frame, with the odd frames having one line more than the even frames. Table 7. Operating Modes Y Active Pixels /Line Y Active Lines CrCb Active Pixels /Line CrCb Active Lines Total MCLK / Line CIF 352 288 176 144 1716 FR CIF Progressive scan 1 QCIF 176 144 88 72 1716 FR QSIF Progressive scan 0 0 CCIR601 NTSC 704 240 352 240 1716 263/262 525 Line scan 4:2:2 1 0 1 CCIR601 PAL 704 288 704 288 1728 313/312 625 Line Scan 4:2:2 x 1 1 0 Reserved x 1 1 1 Reserved 1 0 0 1 CIF 2 352 288 176 144 FR 289 CIF-289 Progressive scan 1 0 1 1 QCIF 2 176 144 88 72 FR 289 QSIF-298 Progressive scan ELFA M 2 M 1 M 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 x 1 x Operating Mode Total Lines/ Frame Functional Description Bits 4, 5 and 7 ‘CHL’ ‘CVL’ ‘CIF2’ of the MOF register specify the chrominance sample location with respect to the luminance samples in the horizontal and vertical directions respectfully. When CHL is 0, chrominance samples are located between the luminance samples in the horizontal direction. When CHL is 1, chrominance samples are aligned with alternate luminance samples. When CIF2 is 0 and CVL is 0, chrominance samples are located between the luminance samples in the vertical direction. When CIF2 is 0 and CVL is 1, chrominance samples are aligned with alternate luminance samples. When M[2:0] is set to mode 4 or 5, the CHL and CVL bits are ignored. When the CIF2 bit is high, the CVL bit is ignored, and the chrominance signal is output on every line that has luminance. 201-0000-033 Rev 1.0, 6/2/99 19 CHRONTEL CH5101A Frame Rate Register Symbol:FR Address:01h Bits:3 7 6 5 4 2 1 0 RNUM3 RNUM2 RNUM1 RNUM0 FR2 FR1 FR0 TYPE: R R R R R/W R/W R/W DEFAULT: 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 BIT: SYMBOL: 3 Register FR determines the frame rate. The frame rate is adjusted by increasing the number of blank lines after reading the entire array, or by inserting extra blank pixels at the end of each line readout. The method of frame rate control is determined by bit ELFA in register MOF. When ELFA = 0, the amount of delay between the completion of reading one frame and the start of reading the next frame is varied. There are eight frame rates that can be selected in this mode, each one a fixed integer number of lines long. When ELFA = 1, the amount of delay between the completion of reading one line, and the start of reading the next line is varied. There are seven frame rates that can be selected in this mode, each one 289 lines. In modes M[2:0] equal to 0-3, the device can operate with a 24MHz MCLK or a 27MHz MCLK. Tables describing some of the key parameters are shown in Tables 8 & 9. Table 8. Operating Modes For 27 MHz MCLK ELFA M [2:0] Blank Lines / Frame MCLK / Line Blank MCLK / Line Frame Rate (Hz) Max Shutter Length (register value) Max Shutter Time (mS) 0 1,3 000 525 236 1716 308 30 112,398 33 0 1,3 0 1,3 001 656 367 1716 308 24 140,497 42 010 787 498 1716 308 20 168,597 50 0 0 1,3 011 1049 760 1716 308 15 224,796 67 1,3 100 1312 1023 1716 308 12 281,209 83 0 1,3 101 1967 1678 1716 308 8 421,707 125 0 1,3 110 3934 3645 1716 308 4 843,628 250 0 1,3 111 15735 15446 1716 308 1 2,097,151 621 x 4 x 263 / 262 23 / 22 1716 60 55,984 17 x 5 x 313 / 312 25 / 24 1728 50 67,176 20 1 1,3 001 289 3896 1080 24 140,256 42 1 1,3 010 289 4672 1856 20 168,192 50 1 1,3 011 289 6232 3416 15 224,352 66 1 1,3 100 289 7784 4968 12 280,224 83 1 1,3 101 289 11680 8864 8 420,480 125 1 1,3 110 289 23360 20544 4 840,960 249 1 1,3 111 289 93424 90608 1 2,097,151 621 20 FR [2:0] Total Lines 201-0000-033 Rev 1.0, 6/2/99 CHRONTEL CH5101A Table 9. Operating modes for 24 MHz MCLK ELFA M [2:0] FR [2:0] Total Lines Blank Lines / Frame MCLK / Line Blank MCLK / Line Frame Rate (Hz) Max Shutter Length (register value) Max Shutter Time (mS) 0 1,3 000 467 178 1716 308 30 99,957 33 0 1,3 001 583 294 1716 308 24 124,839 42 0 1,3 010 700 411 1716 308 20 149,935 50 0 1,3 011 933 644 1716 308 15 199,914 67 0 1,3 100 1166 877 1716 308 12 249,892 83 0 1,3 101 1749 1460 1716 308 8 374,946 125 0 1,3 110 3497 3208 1716 308 4 749,892 250 0 1,3 111 13987 13698 1716 308 1 2,097,151 699 1 1,3 001 289 3464 648 24 124,704 42 1 1,3 010 289 4152 1336 20 149,472 50 1 1,3 011 289 5536 2720 15 199,296 66 1 1,3 100 289 6920 4104 12 249,120 83 1 1,3 101 289 10384 7568 8 373,824 125 1 1,3 110 289 20760 17944 4 747,360 249 1 1,3 111 289 83048 80232 1 2,097,151 699 Bits 7-4 (RNUM#) of the FR register contain the revision number of the CH5101 device. These bits are read only. When using ELFA=1, if 30 Hz frame rate is desired a 30MHz crystal should be used, and the 24MHz MCLK control (MCE=0) should be selected. All frame rates will be scaled by the value of 30/24. Horizontal Start Register 5 4 3 2 1 0 SYMBOL: HS5 HS4 HS3 HS2 HS1 HS0 TYPE: R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 1 1 1 1 0 1 BIT: 7 Symbol: HS Address:02h Bits:6 6 DEFAULT: Register HS determines the number of pixels between the leading edge of H Sync and the first active pixel to be output on the Y[7:0]. The number is in units of pixels; the range is from 0 to 63 CLKOUT and must be limited to 38 when ELFA=1. When M[2:0] = 4 or 5, this register is ignored and the timing below is followed assuming OF = 0. Values are doubled for OF = 1 mode M[2:0] Leadng Edge of H Sync H Delay (CLKOUT) Border (CLKOUT) Active (CLKOUT) Border (CLKOUT) Blank (CLKOUT) Total (CLKOUT) 4 - NTSC 122 8 704 8 16 858 5 - PAL 132 8 704 8 12 864 201-0000-033 Rev 1.0, 6/2/99 21 CHRONTEL CH5101A Vertical Start Register BIT: 7 SYMBOL: TYPE: DEFAULT: Symbol:VS Address:03h Bits:6 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 YDEL VS4 VS3 VS2 VS1 VS0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 0 1 0 1 0 1 Register VS determines the number of lines between the leading edge of V Sync and the first active line to be output on the Y[7:0] and C[7:0] pins. The number is in units of lines; the range is 0 to 31 lines. When ELFA = 1, this register is ignored, and there is always a one line delay between the leading edge of vertical sync and the first line with active video. The YDEL (bit 6) controls the delay in the luma processing path. The value should match the setting of CHL. Electronic Shutter Length High Byte BIT: SYMBOL: TYPE: DEFAULT: Symbol:ESLH Address:04h Bits:8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ESLH7 ESLH6 ESLH5 ESLH4 ESLH3 ESLH2 ESLH1 ESLH0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 The ESLH register, combined with the ESLE and ESLL registers determine the length of the electronic shutter. Electronic Shutter Length Low Byte BIT: SYMBOL: TYPE: DEFAULT: Symbol:ESLL Address:05h Bits:8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ESLL7 ESLL6 ESLL5 ESLL4 ESLL3 ESLL2 ESLL1 ESLL0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Registers ESLE, ESLH and ESLL specify the duration of the electronic shutter. These 21 bits are concatenated into a single 21-bit word ({ESLE,ESLH,ESLL}) whose value is multiplied by 8. The shutter is enabled for this number of MCLKs. The duration of the shutter can, therefore, be determined from the equation (8*(65536*ESLE + 256*ESLH + ESLL))/MCLK. The range is from 0mS to 699mS, but is limited to a lower value in some frame rates (see Frame Rate Register description). When the autoshutter algorithm is controlling the shutter value and this register is read out, the autoshutter generated value is read instead of the actual I2C register content. 22 201-0000-033 Rev 1.0, 6/2/99 CHRONTEL CH5101A Programmable Sample and Hold Gain Register BIT: SYMBOL: TYPE: DEFAULT: Symbol: PSHG Address:17h Bits:8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Reserved Reserved GAM1 GAM0 Reserved PSHG2 PSHG1 PSHG0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 Register PSHG specifies the gain of the programmable sample and hold before A/D conversion. There are eight gain settings from a gain of 1.5x to a gain of 5.0x. When the autoshutter algorithm is controlling the gain value and this register is read out, the autoshutter generated gain value is read instead of the actual IIC register content. Bits 5 and 4 (GAM[1:0]) control the gamma correction used, according to Table 10. Gamma is not available in ADDO mode Table 10. Gamma Correction GAM1 GAM0 Gamma 0 0 1.0 0 1 1.6 1 0 2.2 1 1 2.2 Clamp Level Register BIT: SYMBOL: TYPE: DEFAULT: Symbol:BCLMP Address:18h Bits:5 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 BCLMP7 BCLMP6 BCLMP5 BCLMP4 BCLMP3 BCLMP2 BCLMP1 BCLMP0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Register BCLMP specifies the offset level used in the black level clamp block. A value of 0 in register BCLMP will nominally cause the A/D to output a value of zero for a dark cell input. The register value is 2’s complement and ranges from -128 at maximum brightness to +127 at minimum brigtness. This register has no effect when the ASBE bit is HIGH (default). Miscellaneous Register BIT: SYMBOL: TYPE: DEFAULT: Symbol:MISC Address:19h Bits:7 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Reserved Reserved DVDD PD VSP HSP BDR1 BDR0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 1 0 0 PUD4* 0 0 0 0 Bits 0 and 1 of the MISC register control the border color that is output on each line containing active video for eight 13.5MHz clocks before the start of active video and eight 13.5MHz clocks after active video. This is only done when the IC is placed into display mode four or five (M[2:0] = 4, 5). In these modes, the luminance data has been interpolated to a pixel rate of 13.5MHz. Therefore, 8 pixels equals 592.5nS. Table 11 describes the border colors. 201-0000-033 Rev 1.0, 6/2/99 23 CHRONTEL CH5101A Table 11. Border Colors BDR 1 BDR 0 Color Y Value CR Value CB Value 0 0 Black 16 128 128 0 1 Blue 40 110 240 1 0 Green 144 33 53 1 1 White 235 128 128 Bits 2 and 3 (HSP and VSP) of the MISC register control the polarity of the H and V sync signals. Bit 4 (PD) of the MISC register places the IC in a power down mode. When PD=1, clocks to all digital circuitry are disabled and analog circuitry bias currents are shut down. When PD=0, the IC is placed in its normal operating mode according to the user inputs. The default value of this bit is set using the PUD5 input. Bit 5 (DVDD) of the MISC register is a reserved bit for memory control. Device ID Register Symbol:DID Address:1Ah Bits:8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 DID7 DID6 DID5 DID4 DID3 DID2 DID1 DID0 TYPE: R R R R R R R R DEFAULT: 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 BIT: SYMBOL: Register DID is a read only register which holds the device ID number of the CH5101. Test Register Symbol:TST Address:1Bh Bits:8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 LM Done LS Select LM Test IOC1 IOC0 CSH2 CSH1 CSH0 TYPE: R R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W DEFAULT: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BIT: SYMBOL: TST is a test register. Test Memory Register Symbol:TM Address:1Ch Bits:8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 TM7 TM6 TM5 TM4 TM3 TM2 TM1 TM0 TYPE: R R R R R R R R DEFAULT: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BIT: SYMBOL: TM is a test register. 24 201-0000-033 Rev 1.0, 6/2/99 CHRONTEL CH5101A Auto-Shutter Enable BIT: SYMBOL: TYPE: DEFAULT: Symbol:ASE Address:1Dh Bits:8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ASSE ASBE ASGE Reserved Reserved ASSPD2 ASSPD1 ASSPD0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 Bits 0-2 of the ASE register control the speed of the autoshutter loop. Values 0 through 4 are valid. Bits 3 - 4 of the ASE register are reserved, and should be left at their default value. Bit 5 of the ASE register enables the autoshutter algorithm to adjust the gain of the programmable sample and hold. A 1 in this location allows the autoshutter algorithm to control this gain. A zero in this location disables the autoshutter algorithm from controlling this value, and allows bits 2-0 of register PSHG (17H) to control the gain. Bit 6 of the ASE register enables the autoshutter algorithm to adjust the black level (bias) of the readout signal prior to A/D conversion. A 1 in this location allows the autoshutter algorithm to control the black level. A 0 in this location disables the autoshutter algorithm from controlling this value and allows bits 7-0 of register BCLMP (18H) to control the black level. Bit 7 of the ASE register enables the autoshutter algorithm to adjust the shutter duration. A 1 in this location allows the autoshutter algorithm to control the shutter. A zero in this location disables the autoshutter algorithm from controlling this value and allows registers ESLE, ESLH and ESLL to control the shutter duration. Auto-Shutter Window / Input Control BIT: 7 SYMBOL: TYPE: DEFAULT: Symbol:ASW Address:1Eh Bits:7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ASME ASCSC ASWD ASW3 ASW2 ASW1 ASW0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 1 0 0 PUD3* PUD2* PUD1* PUD0* Bits 0, 1, 2 and 3 of the ASW register determine the active window that is used to operate the autoshutter algorithm. There are 16 possible windows, which are shown in Figure 12. The default value of these bits can be set using the PUD [3:0] inputs. This allows the backlight compensation window to be set without using IIC control. Bit 4 of the ASW register enables the selected window to be highlighted in the image which is output from the CH5101. All image outside of the window will be reduced in amplitude. Bits 5 and 6 of the ASW register determine which data is input to the autoshutter algorithm, according to Table 12. 201-0000-033 Rev 1.0, 6/2/99 25 CHRONTEL CH5101A 4 5 6 7 8 9 13 12 3 11 2 10 0 1 14 15 Figure 12: ASW Register Possible Windows Table 12. Autoshutter Algorithm Input ASME ASCSC Input to Autoshutter Algorithm 0 0 ‘Y[7:0]’ output of 2-D filter 0 1 A/D output 1 x MAX (A/D, Y[7:0]) Auto-Shutter Black Count Threshold BIT: SYMBOL: TYPE: DEFAULT: Symbol:ASBC Address:1Fh Bits:8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ASBC4 ASBC3 ASBC2 ASBC1 ASBC0 ASBT2 ASBT1 ASBT0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 Bits 2-0 of register ASBC determine the black threshold used by the auto-shutter algorithm. The value used is 8*ASBT+3. Bits 7-3 of register ASBC determine the number of pixels below the ASBT level. When the number of pixels is less than this value, the autoshutter algorithm will adjust the black level downwards. When the number of pixels is greater than this value, the black level will be adjusted upwards. Auto-Shutter White Count Threshold BIT: SYMBOL: TYPE: DEFAULT: Symbol:ASWC Address:20h Bits:8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ASWC7 ASWC6 ASWC5 ASWC4 ASWC3 ASWC2 ASWC1 ASWC0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 The number of pixels above the white level is compared to the ASWC value to determine the direction that the shutter value should be changed. 26 201-0000-033 Rev 1.0, 6/2/99 CHRONTEL CH5101A Electronic Shutter Length Extended Value BIT: 7 6 5 SYMBOL: TYPE: DEFAULT: Symbol: ESLE Address:21h Bits:5 4 3 2 1 0 ESLE4 ESLE3 ESLE2 ESLE1 ESLE0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 0 0 0 0 0 The ESLE register, combined with the ESLH and ESLL registers, determine the length of the electronic shutter. Miscellaneous Register 2 BIT: SYMBOL: TYPE: DEFAULT: Symbol:MISC2 Address:22h Bits:7 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 RENB Reserved Reserved Reserved ADDO CLKOUTP DVC MCF R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 0 0 0 1 PUD5* 0 0 1 Bit 0 (Master Clock Frequency) of register MISC2 refers to the CH5101 the master clock (XO) frequency. A 0 should be written to this location when the master clock is 24MHz. A 1 should be written to this location when the master clock is 27MHz. When modes four or five are selected (M[2:0] = 4,5), the master clock must be 27MHz. Bit 1 (Data Valid Control) of register MISC2 selects whether or not the CLKOUT signal is gated. When this bit is a 0, the CLKOUT pin will produce a continuous clock output signal. When bit DVC is a 1, the CLKOUT will be gated, and will be active when active data is being output from the CH5101, and inactive when non-active data is present at the outputs. Bit 2 (CLKOUT Polarity) of register MISC2 selects the polarity of the CLKOUT signal. A 0 in this location means output data has been latched with the positive edge of the CLKOUT signal. A 1 in this location means output data has been latched with the negative edge of the CLKOUT signal. Bit 3 (A/D Direct Output) of register MISC2 selects whether the output signal is directly from the A/D converter or after the datapath postprocessing. In both cases, the relationship between the Hsync, Vsync and active video will remain the same. When a 0 is written to this location, the Y[7:0] will output luma data from the datapath circuitry. When a 1 is written to this location, the Y[7:0] pins will contain the A/D data directly with no postprocessing. If 8-bit output mode is selected, the A/D output will be multiplexed with the decimal value 128 to enable connection to an 8-bit video encoder resulting in a black and white image. Bit 7 (RENB) of register MISC2 enables the refresh circuitry of the DRAM. A zero in this location allows refresh of the memories to be performed. A 1 in this location prevents the refresh. 201-0000-033 Rev 1.0, 6/2/99 27 CHRONTEL CH5101A Miscellaneous Register 3 BIT: SYMBOL: TYPE: DEFAULT: Symbol:MISC3 Address:23h Bits:6 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ADFSR Reserved Reserved Reserved CKDLY3 CKDLY2 CKDLY1 CKDLY0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 Bits 0-3 (Clock Delay) of register MISC3 determine the clock delay between the analog and digital clocks. The recommended value is 9 Bit 7 (A/D Full Scale Range) of register MISC3 changes the full scale range of the AD converter. A 0 in this location sets the A/D full scale range at + 1 volt. A 1 in this location sets the A/D full scale range at +0.25 volt. This bit can be combined with the PSHG[2:0] to form a 4-bit control. Power Down Register BIT: 7 Symbol:PD Address:24h Bits:3 6 5 SYMBOL: TYPE: DEFAULT: 4 3 2 1 0 ResetB Reserved PD2 PD1 PD0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 1 0 0 0 0 Bits 2-0 of register PD are used to power down portions of circuitry during test modes. These bits should always be set to zero during normal operation. Bit 4 of register PD is used to perform a software reset on the device. It is logically AND’d with the power on reset signal. The output of this AND’ing will be used to reset all circuitry in the CH5101, except for the ResetB bit itself and the IIC state machines. ResetB and the IIC state machines are reset by the power on reset signal only. Address Register Symbol:AR Address:26h Bits:8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 AR7 AR6 AR5 AR4 AR3 AR2 AR1 AR0 TYPE: R R R R R R R R DEFAULT: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BIT: SYMBOL: Register AR is the CH5101 address register, which holds the address of the register currently being accessed. 28 201-0000-033 Rev 1.0, 6/2/99 CHRONTEL CH5101A Electrical Specifications Table 13. Absolute Maximum Ratings Symbol Description Min VDD relative to GND Input voltage of all digital pins1 Typ Max Units - 0.5 7.0 V GND - 0.5 Vdd + 0.5 V - 65 TSTOR Storage temperature 150 °C TJ Junction temperature 150 °C Vapor phase soldering (one minute) 220 °C TVPS Notes: 1 Stresses greater than those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only. Functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated under the normal operating condition of this specification is not recommended. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect reliability. 2 The device is fabricated using high-performance CMOS technology. It should be handled as an ESD sensitive device. Voltage on any signal pin that exceeds the power supply voltage by more than +0.5V can induce destructive latch. Table 14. Recommended Operating Conditions Symbol DVDD Description Min Typ Max Unit Digital supply voltage 4.75 5.00 5.25 V AVDD Analog supply voltage 4.75 5.00 5.25 V TA Ambient operating temperature 0 25 40 C Table 15. Digital Inputs/Outputs Symbol Test Condition @TA= 25°C Description Voh Output high voltage Ioh =.400 mA Vol Output low voltage Iol = 3.2 mA Min Typ Max Unit 2.8 V 0.4 V Vih Input high voltage 3.4 VDD V Vil Input low voltage GND 0.8 V Ilk Input leakage current -10 10 µA Table 16. Timing Characteristics Symbol Description Min Typ Max Unit tVSW Vertical sync pulse width 2 tHSW Horizontal sync pulse width 64 tHD Horizontal and vertical sync delay from clock 2 10 nS tP CLKOUT period (varies with mode and output format) 37 148.2 nS tPH CLKOUT high time 14.8 89 nS tPH CLKOUT low time 14.8 89 nS tSP CLKOUT to pixel data setup time 2 ns tHP CLKOUT to pixel data hold time 2 ns 201-0000-033 Rev 1.0, 6/2/99 Lines MCLK 29 CHRONTEL CH5101A tVSW VS* tHSW HS* tP tHD tPh tPL CLKOUT tSP Y[7:0] 128 Y0 thP Y1 128 128 CRS Figure 13: Timing Diagram (M[2:0] = 1, OF = 1, H Start = 0) Note: The output pixel Y0 will be delayed by 2 times the value of the HStart register +1 CLKOUT cycles, if HStart is non-zero. tVSW VS* tHSW HS* tHD CLKOUT Y Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3 CRS Figure 14: Timing Diagrams (M[2:0] = 1, OF = 0, HStart = 0) 30 201-0000-033 Rev 1.0, 6/2/99 CHRONTEL CH5101A tVSW VS* tHSW HS* tHD CLKOUT 128 Y[7:0] Y0 Y0i 128 128 CRS Figure 15: Timing Diagram (M[2:0] = 4 or 5, OF = 1) Note: See the HStart register description for the relationship between HS* and the first active data (Y0) VS* Line # TVSW Blank Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 Line 4 Line 5 Line 6 Line 285 Line 286 Line 287 Line 288 Blank Line 1 Line 2 Figure 16: Vertical Sync to Video Timing - ELFA = 1 Note: when ELFA = 0, the one blank line following the falling edge of VS* is increased to the value from the Vstart register. VH* Line # THSW Blank Blank Blank 128 Y0 128 Y1 128 Y2 Blank Blank Blank Figure 17: Horizontal Sync to Video Timing Note: The number of blank pixels from the leading edge of HS* to the first active pixel is determined from the HSTART register. 201-0000-033 Rev 1.0, 6/2/99 31 CHRONTEL CH5101A ORDERING INFORMATION Part number Package type Number of pins Voltage supply CH5101A-L LCC 52 5V CH5101A-Q PQFP 52 5V Chrontel 2210 O’Toole Avenue San Jose, CA 95131-1326 Tel: (408) 383-9328 Tax: (408) 383-9338 www.chrontel.com Email: [email protected] 1998 Chrontel, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Chrontel PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR AND SHOULD NOT BE USED WITHIN LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS OR NUCLEAR FACILITY APPLICATIONS WITHOUT THE SPECIFIC WRITTEN CONSENT OF Chrontel. Life support systems are those intended to support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when used as directed can reasonably expect to result in personal injury or death. Chrontel reserves the right to make changes at any time without notice to improve and supply the best possible product and is not responsible and does not assume any liability for misapplication or use outside the limits specified in this document. We provide no warranty for the use of our products and assume no liability for errors contained in this document. Printed in the U.S.A. 32 201-0000-033 Rev 1.0, 6/2/99