TR5100 FM Transceiver IC the wireless IC company HiMARK Technology, Inc. reserves the right to change the product described in this datasheet. All information contained in this datasheet is subject to change without prior notice. HiMARK Technology, Inc. assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuits shown in this datasheet. Description The TR5100 is a low power FM transceiver IC consisting of a receiver and a transmitter on a single chip. The receiver down converts an RF FM signal through an off-chip filter to IF frequency and then performs quadrature demodulation. IF filtering is performed by an off-chip filter. A speaker amplifier provides the capability of driving an off-chip class AB output stage which feeds audio signal to an external speaker. In addition, it allows the user to adjust speaker gain through a feedback function. A MUTE output is provided such that an RSSI current may be externally low-passed to provide a mute/disable function to the receiver audio in case of a weak received signal. Receiving an audio input from a microphone, the transmitter amplifies and performs FM modulation onto a Colpitts oscillator output by way of a variable reactance circuit. The frequency of the signal is then up converted by an on-chip trippler to three times high as the RF output. The output is then sent to an antenna through an off-chip filter. A build-in feedback function in the microphone amplifier allows adjustment of its gain. In addition, an oscillation function is featured to enable paging of its transceiver mate by way of an external switch. The frequency range of the TR5100 radio frequencies is from 15MHz to 150MH. It may by supported by simply choosing the appropriate external components. The transmitter and receiver oscillators require 2 crystals to clamp the TX and RX frequencies. Features Fully integrated transceiver TX and RX operate in full duplex (FDD) Automotive temperature range TQFP 32L package (7mm x 7mm) Applications One/Two Way Walkie Talkie Hands-free Elder/Baby Monitor Page 1 June 2001 TR5100 the wireless IC company Block Diagram RX OSCB 1 RX OSCE 2 VCC RX 3 VSS RX 4 RX IN+ 5 REG OUT RSSI SPK AF OUT IN 32 31 30 29 Regulator VSS SPK 28 SPK SPK MIC OUT+ OUT- IN+ 27 + SPK Amp 26 25 + Mic Amp IF OUT IN- MIC 23 OUT RXOSC MOD 22 IN Variable Reactance Mute Mixer RX IN- 24 MIC 21 VR 20 VR OUT BandGap Reference 6 TX OSC 19 TX OSCB TX IF Amp 7 Limiter 9 10 TX TX Trippler LIMIN 8 VSS LIM 18 OSCE TX Buffer Demodulator 11 12 LIM LIM LIM DEC1 DEC2 OUT 13 14 QUAD VSS TX Page 2 17 OUTB 15 16 VCC TX TX OUTC June 2001 TR5100 the wireless IC company Package and Pin Assignment: 32L, TQFP 2 1 2 0 1 9 1 8 TXOUTB VROUT 2 2 TXOSCE TXOSCB 2 3 VR MODIN MICIN- MICOUT 2 4 1 7 MICIN+ 25 16 TXOUTC SPKOUT- 26 15 VCCTX SPKOUT+ 27 14 VSSTX VSSSPK SPKIN 28 13 QUAD 12 LIMOUT AFOUT 30 11 LIMDEC2 RSSI REGOUT 31 10 LIMDEC1 32 9 VSSLIM 29 5 7 8 LIMIN 4 IFOUT RXIN- RXOSCE 3 RXIN+ 2 VSSRX VCCRX 1 RXOSCB Dimensions in mm HiMARK TR5100 6 Dimensions in inch Symbols MIN. NOM. MAX. MIN. NOM. MAX. A --- --- 1.20 --- --- 0.047 A1 0.05 --- 0.15 0.002 --- 0.006 A2 0.95 1.00 1.05 0.037 0.039 0.041 b 0.3 0.37 0.45 0.011 0.015 0.018 C 0.09 --- 0.20 0.003 --- 0.008 D1 6.90 7.00 7.10 0.271 0.275 0.279 D 8.80 9.00 9.20 0.346 0.354 0.362 E1 6.90 7.00 7.10 0.271 0.275 0.279 E 8.80 9.00 9.20 0.346 0.354 0.362 e --- 0.80(typ.) --- --- 0.03(typ.) --- L 0.45 0.60 0.75 0.018 0.024 0.029 L1 --- 1.00(ref.) --- --- 0.039(ref.) --- θ1 0° 3.5° 7° 0° 3.5° 8° ccc --- --- 0.10 --- --- 0.004 Page 3 June 2001 TR5100 the wireless IC company Pin Descriptions Number Name I/O Description 1 RXOSCB I/O Receiver Oscillator tank connection B 2 RXOSCE I/O Receiver Oscillator tank connection E 3 VCCRX POWER 4 VSSRX GND 5 RFIN+ I Mixer input A (requires external ac decoupling capacitor) 6 RFIN- I Mixer input B (requires external ac decoupling capacitor) 7 IFOUT O IF amplifier output 8 LIMIN I Limiter input 9 VSSLIM GND Limiter VSS 10 LIMDEC1 I/O Limiter feedback A 11 LIMDEC2 I/O Limiter feedback B 12 LIMOUT O 13 QUAD I/O 14 VSSTX GND 15 VCCTX POWER 16 TXOUTC O Transmitter output - C 17 TXOUTB O Transmitter output - B 18 TXOSCE I/O Transmitter Oscillator tank connection E 19 TXOSCB I/O Transmitter Oscillator tank connection B 20 VROUT O Variable Reactant output 21 VR I/O Variable Reactant I/O pin 22 MODIN I Transmitter modulator I/P pin 23 MICOUT O Microphone amp output 24 MICIN- I Microphone input - 25 MICIN+ I Microphone input + 26 SPKOUT- O Speaker output - 27 SPKOUT+ O Speaker output + 28 VSSSPK GND 29 SPKIN I Speaker-amp input 30 AFOUT O Demodulator output 31 RSSI O RSSI output 32 REGOUT O Regulator output Positive voltage supply of RX Receiver VSS Limiter output Demodulator tank connection Transmitter VSS Positive voltage supply of TX Speaker VSS Page 4 June 2001 TR5100 the wireless IC company Absolute Maximum Ratings VSS = 0V Parameter Symbol Rating Unit Supply voltage VCC VSS – 0.5 to VSS + 6.0 V Operating temperature range TOPR –10 to 60 °C Storage temperature range TSTG -40 to 125 °C Soldering temperature range TSLD 255 °C Soldering time range tSLD 10 s Recommended Operating Conditions VSS = 0V Value Parameter Symbol Unit min. typ. max. 3.0 3.3 V Supply voltage range VCC 2.7 Receive RF carrier range FRX 15 150 MHz Transmit RF carrier range FTX 15 150 MHz Receive IF range FIF 455 FDEV 3 5 KHz 25 60 °C Transmit modulation deviation Operating temperature TA Page 5 –10 KHz June 2001 TR5100 the wireless IC company Transmitter & Receiver Characteristics (VCC = 2.7 to 3.3V, VSS = 0V, TA = –10 to 60°C, FIF = 455KHz, unless otherwise noted) Value Parameter Symbol Condition Unit min. Receiver Sensitivity Transmitter Output Power typ. max. FMOD = 1 KHz, FDEV = 3 KHz, SINAD = 12 dB At filter antenna port -100 dBm At IC Pin 16 -20 dBm PTX Electrical Characteristics (VCC = 2.7 to 3.3V, VSS = 0V, TA = –10 to 60°C, FIF = 455KHz, unless otherwise noted) Value Parameter Symbol Condition Unit min. typ. max. RX & TX RX Operating Current TX Operating Current ICC, RX MUTE ON 12 mA ICC, TX Trippler Output power > -20 dBm 10 mA IF Filter Port Impedance At FIF ΚΩ 1.5 Speaker Amplifier (Unless otherwise specified, all parameter must be satisfied with both 6 and 16Ω speaker load and gain adjust pot set to max gain) Gain GSPK 3dB Passband fSA,L fSA,H Total Harmonic Distortion THD Delivered to 32Ω load VSWING Delivered to 32Ω load VCC= 3.0 V VCC= 2.5 V 1.0 0.5 VP-P Voltage Gain GMIC Open Loop 30 dB 3dB Passband fMA,L fMA,H 0.3 3.0 KHz KHz Maximum Output Voltage Swing Open Loop 40 dB 0.3 3.0 KHz KHz 10 % Mic-Amplifier Page 6 June 2001 TR5100 the wireless IC company Functional Description Mixer The mixer features a double-balanced configuration and incorporates an AC-coupled input. It is designed to work up to 150MHz. It can be used in differential or single ended mode by connecting the input pin “RFIN-” to ground through an 1uF capacitor. TX & RX Oscillators Both are Colpitts oscillators. The on-chip transistor operates with a crystal and LC resonant elements up to 150MHz. Series resonant and overtone crystal are used to achieve excellent local oscillator stability. Using an overtone crystal to enhance operation, the internal transistor bias is increased by adding an external resistor from “RXOSCE” to ground. Typically, -10dBm of local oscillator drive is needed to adequately drive the mixer. (please refer to the application circuit) IF amplifier The IF amplifier is a differential-input, single-ended output emitter-coupled pair. It is used to provide additional gain for reducing the influence of noise from the succeeding limiter amplifier on the total receive noise figure. The output of the IF amplifier is buffered and has an impedance is 1.5KΩ. When using 455KHz ceramic filter with source and load impedance of 1.5KΩ, no external matching is needed. RSSI The received signal strength indicator (RSSI) output is a current proportional to the log of the received signal amplitude. The RSSI current output is derived by summing currents from limiting amplifier stages. The RSSI output current creates a voltage across an external resistor at pin 31. Limiter The limiting amplifier consists of several dc-coupled amplifier stages. The fixed internal input impedance is 1.5KΩ. The total gain of the limiting amplifier section is approximately 75dB. Demodulator Following the limiting amplifier, is the demodulator. The demodulator is a double-balanced four-quadrant multiplier with an external 10pF quadrature capacitor between “LIMOUT” & “QUAD”. The external capacitor value may be increased to increase the IF signal at the external parallel RLC resonant circuit which provides the 90 degree phase shift and drives the quadrature detector. A single pin “QUAD” is for the external LC parallel resonant network connecting to the quadrature detector. Mute The mute circuit is controlled by the RSSI voltage which detects received signal strength. If the incoming signal is weak, then the mute circuit would disable the demodulator and speaker amp output. Page 7 June 2001 TR5100 the wireless IC company Speaker Amp After demodulation, audio signal can be obtained from the pin “AFOUT”. That signal swing however is very small, and an operational amplifier must be added to increase the signal swing. The Speaker Amp gain can be adjusted by applying external resistive feedback. A class AB output buffer have to be added at the output of the Speaker Amp “SPKOUT+” & “SPKOUT-” to decrease distortion of the audio signal. Bandgap Reference A bandgap reference provides precise biasing of the entire chip over temperature. Mic-Amp The Mic-Amp is used to increase the swing of input audio signal which could be limited by two diodes in 1.4VPP. The Mic-Amp gain can also be adjusted by applying external resistive feedback. Variable Reactance A varactor is featured in this block to allow modulation of the TX oscillator. Trippler FM modulation is imparted to the TX oscillator at the fundamental frequency (fo). The modulated signal (fo) is then multiplied to the higher transmit frequency (3fo) by this trippler circuit. Page 8 June 2001 Page 9 5p 330nH 27p 5133 12p CFU455E LIMIN IFOUT RFIN- RFIN+ VSSRX VCCRX 30 AFOUT LIMDEC2 RSSI LIMDEC1 VSSLIM 82K 100p 13 QUAD 455K LIMOUT 12 26 25 15 100u 14 VSSTX 103 103 27 VCCTX SPKOUT+ 11 28 104 24 2.2K 103 16 TX VCC TXOUTB 17 TXOSCE 18 TXOSCB 19 VROUT 20 VR 21 MODIN 22 MICOUT 23 MICIN- TXOUTC 10 29 SPKOUT- 9 31 3K TR5100 RX VCC 8 7 6 5 4 3 RXOSCE RXOSCB REGOUT 2 1 32 1.8M 1u SPKIN 100u 24p 8p 2.2u 104 20K MUTE ADJ. 10K 10K 470K VSSSPK RX ANT 3K 153 39K 5.6K 153 C8550 C8050 MICIN+ RX VCC 100u 49.405MHz 30PPM SPEAKER RX VCC 220K 3.3uH 220K 104 16.62MHz 30ppm 30pF 1u 104 150K 5.6K S1 CALL KEY 22p 68K 39p 100u 10K 470 TX VCC 103 24p 5134 TX VCC MICROPHONE TX ANT RX ANT TX VCC RX VCC 2SCE3356 150p 68p 100nH 103 26p* TX ANT 330nH TX VCC 3V BATTERY Mark *: Adjusting by crystal brands & antenne 33p 10K SW DPDT S2 ANTENNA the wireless IC company TR5100 Application Circuits June 2001