LMV1089 Dual Input, Far Field Noise Suppression Microphone Amplifier with Automatic Calibration Capability General Description Key Specifications The LMV1089 is a fully analog dual differential input, differential output, microphone array amplifier designed to reduce background acoustic noise, while delivering superb speech clarity in voice communication applications. The LMV1089 preserves near-field voice signals within 4cm of the microphones while rejecting far-field acoustic noise greater than 50cm from the microphones. Up to 20dB of farfield rejection is possible in a properly configured and calibrated system. Part of the Powerwise™ family of energy efficient solutions, the LMV1089 consumes only 1.1mA of supply current providing superior performance over DSP solutions consuming greater than ten times the power. A quick calibration during the manufacturing test process of the product containing the LMV1089 compensates the entire microphone system. This calibration compensates for mismatch in microphone gain and frequency response, as well as acoustical path variances. The LMV1089 stores the calibration coefficients in the on-chip EEPROM. The calibration is initiated by an I2C command or by a logic pin control. The dual microphone inputs and the processed signal output are differential to provide excellent noise immunity. The microphones are biased with an internal low-noise bias supply. ■ Far Field Noise Suppression (Electrical), (f = 1kHz) 37dB ■ Supply Voltage 2.7V to 5.5V ■ Supply Current 1.1mA (typ) ■ Standby Current 0.7µA (typ) ■ Signal-to-Noise Ratio (A-weighted) 65dB (typ) ■ Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise 0.1% (typ) ■ PSRR (217Hz) 96dB (typ) Features ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Low power consumption Shutdown function No added processing delay Differential inputs and outputs Automatic calibration Adjustable 6 - 48dB gain Excellent RF immunity Space-saving 36–bump micro SMD package Applications ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Headset and Boom microphones Mobile handsets and two-way radios Bluetooth and other powered headsets Hand-held voice microphones Equalized stereo microphone preamplifier 30047240 FIGURE 1. © 2010 National Semiconductor Corporation 300472 www.national.com LMV1089 Dual Input, Far Field Noise Suppression Microphone Amplifier with Automatic Calibration Capability May 19, 2010 FIGURE 2. Typical Dual Microphone Far Field noise Cancelling Application 30047201 LMV1089 Typical Application www.national.com 2 LMV1089 Connection Diagrams 36–Bump micro SMD package 30047230 Top View Order Number LMV1089RL See NS Package Number RLA36TTA micro SMD Package View 36–Bump micro SMD Marking 30047231 Top View X = Plant Code YY = Date Code TT = Die Tracability ZA2 = LMV1089RL 30047233 Bottom View 3 www.national.com LMV1089 Connection Diagrams 32 Lead LQFP package 30047227 Top View Order Number LMV1089VY See NS Package Number NVBE0032 32 Lead LQFP Marking LQFP Package View 30047237 Top View U = Wafer Fab Code Z = Assembly Plant Code XY = 2 Digit Date Code TT = Die Traceability LMV1089 = LMV1089VY 30047228 Bottom View Ordering Information Order Number Package Package Drawing Number Device Marking Transport Media LMV1089RL 36 Bump µSMD RLA36TTA XYYTTZA2 250 units on tape and reel LMV1089RLX 36 Bump µSMD RLA36TTA XYYTTZA2 1000 units on tape and reel LMV1089VY 32 Lead LQFP NVBE0032 UZXYTT 250 units on tape and reel LMV1089VYX 32 Lead LQFP NVBE0032 UZXYTT 1000 units on tape and reel www.national.com 4 LMV1089 Pin Descriptions TABLE 1. Pin Name and Function Bump Number Pin Name Pin Function Pin Type A1 NC No connect No Connect A2 T7 Auxiliary Control Manual Calibration = VDD Auto Calibration = GND Digital Input A3 PE Program Enable EEPROM Digital Input A4 MIC2– microphone 2 negative input Analog Input A5 MIC2+ microphone 2 positive input Analog Input A6 Mic Bias Microphone Bias Analog Output B1 NC No Connect No Connect B2 NC No Connect No Connect B3 T5 Float (do not connect to GND) Production Test B4 GND amplifier ground Ground B5 M1_UNP microphone 1 unprocessed output Analog Output B6 MIC1+ microphone 1 positive input Analog Input C1 NC No Connect No Connect C2 NC No Connect No Connect C3 GB0 default Post Amp Gain 0 Digital Input C4 GA0 default Pre Amp Gain 0 Digital Input C5 GND amplifier ground Ground C6 MIC1– amplifier ground Analog Input D1 ADR I2C Address select Digital Input D2 NC No Connect No Connect D3 GND amplifier ground Ground D4 GA1 default Pre Amp Gain 1 Digital Input D5 M2_UNP microphone 2 unprocessed output Analog Output D6 REF reference voltage de-coupling Analog Reference E1 SCL I2C clock Digital Input E2 GB1 default Post Amp Gain 1 Digital Input E3 NC No Connect No Connect E4 OUT+ positive optimized audio output Analog Output E5 LPF+ Low Pass Filter for positive output Analog Input E6 EN chip enable Digital Input F1 SDA F2 I2CVDD I2C data I2C power supply Digital Input/Output Supply F3 VDD power supply Supply F4 OUT- negative optimized audio output Analog Output F5 LPF- Low Pass Filter for negative output Analog Input F6 CAL calibration enable Digital Input 5 www.national.com LMV1089 Thermal Resistance Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) 70°C/W θJA (microSMD) Soldering Information See AN-112 “microSMD Wafers Level Chip Scale Package.” If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. Supply Voltage Storage Temperature Power Dissipation (Note 3) ESD Rating (Note 4) ESD Rating (Note 5) Junction Temperature (TJMAX) Mounting Temperature Infrared or Convection (20 sec.) 6.0V -85°C to +150°C Internally Limited 2000V 200V 150°C 235°C Operating Ratings (Note 2) 2.7V ≤ VDD ≤ 5.5V Supply Voltage I2CVDD Supply Voltage (Note 8) Temperature Range 1.7V ≤ I2CVDD ≤ 5.5V TMIN ≤ TA ≤ TMAX −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C −40°C to 85°C Electrical Characteristics 3.3V (Note 1) Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for TJ = 25°C, VDD = 3.3V, VIN = 18mVP-P, f = 1kHz, EN = VDD, pass through mode (Note 8), Pre Amp gain = 20dB, Post Amp gain = 6dB, RL = 100kΩ, and CL = 4.7pF, CREF = 10nF LMV1089 Symbol Parameter Conditions Typical Limits (Note 6) (Note 7) Units (Limits) f = 1kHz, VIN = 18mVP-P 63 dB Signal-to-Noise Ratio f = 1kHz, VIN = 18mVP-P, A-Weighted voice band (300 – 3400Hz) 65 dB eN Input Referred Noise level A-weighted 5 μVRMS VIN Maximum Input Signal THD+N < 1%, Pre Amp Gain = 6dB SNR VOUT Maximum AC Output Voltage DC Level at Outputs THD+N Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise ZIN ZOUT ZLOAD f = 1kHz, Differential Out+, OutTHD+N < 1% Out+, OutDifferential Out+ and Out- Input Impedance 850 mVP-P (min) 1.2 1.1 VRMS (min) 800 0.1 mV 0.2 142 Output Impedance Load Impedance (Out+, Out-) 910 kΩ Ω 300 RLOAD CLOAD AM Microphone Preamplifier Gain Range AMR Microphone Preamplifier Gain Adjustment Resolution f = 1kHz AP Post Amplifier Gain Range Pass Through Mode and Summing Mode APR Post Amplifier Gain Resolution ACR Gain Compensation Range 10 100 kΩ (min) pF (max) 1.7 2.3 dB (min) dB (max) 6 – 36 2 f = 300Hz f = 1kHz f = 3kHz AMD Maximum Gain Matching Difference After Calibration XTalk Crosstalk Attenuation between Mic1 and Mic2 Measured at M1_UNP and M2_UNP TCAL Calibration Duration dB 6 – 18 3 % (max) dB 2.6 3.4 dB (min) dB (max) ±3 dB 0.5 0.25 0.5 dB dB dB 52 41 dB (min) 790 ms (max) FFNSE Far Field Noise Suppression Electrical f = 1kHz (See Test Method) f = 300Hz (See Test Method) 32 37 20 22 dBV(min) dBV (min) SNRIE Signal-to-Noise Ratio Improvement Electrical f = 1kHz (See Test Method) f = 300Hz (See Test Method) 24 28 14 15 dBV (min) dBV (min) fRIPPLE = 217Hz (VRIPPLE = 100mVP-P) 96 85 dB (min) fRIPPLE = 1kHz (VRIPPLE = 100mVP-P) 91 80 dB (min) f = 1kHz 60 Input Referred, Input AC grounded PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio CMRR Common Mode Rejection Ratio www.national.com 6 dB Microphone Bias Supply Voltage IBIAS = 1mA 2.0 eVBM Microphone Bias Noise Level A-Weighted, 10nF cap at VREF pin 10 1.85 2.15 V (min) V (max) 1.2 mA (min) 1.5 mA (max) μVRMS IBM Total available Microphone Bias Current IDDQ Supply Quiescent Current VIN = 0V 1.1 IDD Supply Current VIN = 25mVP-P both inputs, Noise cancelling mode 1.1 ISD Shut Down Current EN pin = GND 0.7 1 μA (max) IDDCP Supply Current during Calibration and Programming Calibrating or Programming EEPROM 30 45 mA (max) IDDI2C I2C supply current I2C Idle Mode 25 100 nA (max) mA TON Turn On Time 40 ms (max) TOFF Turn Off Time 60 ms (max) 7 www.national.com LMV1089 VBM LMV1089 Electrical Characteristics 5.0V (Note 1) Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for TJ = 25°C, VDD = 5V, VIN = 18mVP-P, EN = VDD, pass through mode (Note 8), Pre Amp gain = 20dB, Post Amp gain = 6dB, RL = 100kΩ, and CL = 4.7pF. Symbol Parameter Conditions LMV1089 Typical Limit Units (Limits) (Note 6) (Note 7) f = 1kHz, VIN = 18mVP-P 63 dB Signal-to-Noise Ratio f = 1kHz, VIN = 18mVP-P, A-Weighted voice band (300 – 3400Hz) 65 dB eN Input Referred Noise level A-weighted VIN Maximum Input Signal f = 1kHz, THD+N < 1% 918 850 mVP-P (min) Maximum AC Output Voltage f = 1kHz, THD+N < 1% between differential output 1.2 1.1 VRMS (min) 0.2 % (max) SNR VOUT DC Output Voltage THD+N Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise ZIN μVRMS 5 800 f = 1kHz VIN = 18mVP-P Input Impedance 0.1 mV 142 kΩ 300 Ω AM Microphone Preamplifier Gain Range f = 1kHz 6 – 36 dB AMR Microphone Preamplifier Gain Adjustment Resolution f = 1kHz 2 Post Amplifier Gain Range f = 1kHz Pass Through Mode and Summing Mode ZOUT AP APR ACR Output Impedance Post Amplifier Gain Adjustment Resolution f = 1kHz 6 – 18 3 Gain Compensation Range f = 1kHz AMD Maximum Gain Matching Difference After Calibration f = 300Hz f = 2kHz f = 3kHz TCAL Calibration Duration 1.7 2.3 dB (min) dB (max) dB 2.6 3.4 dB (min) dB (max) ±3 dB 0.5 0.25 0.5 dB dB dB 790 ms (max) FFNSE Far Field Noise Suppression Electrical f = 1kHz (See Test Method) f = 300Hz (See Test Method) 32 37 20 22 dBV dBV SNRIE Signal-to-Noise Ratio Improvement Electrical f = 1kHz (See Test Method) f = 300Hz (See Test Method) 24 28 14 15 dBV dBV fRIPPLE = 217Hz (VRIPPLE = 100mVP-P) 96 85 dB (min) fRIPPLE = 1kHz (VRIPPLE = 100mVP-P) 91 80 dB (min) Input Referred, Input AC grounded PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio CMRR Common Mode Rejection Ratio f = 1kHz 62 dB VBM Microphone Bias Supply Voltage IBIAS = 1mA 2.0 V eVBM Microphone Bias Noise Level A-Weighted 10 μVRMS IBM Total Available Microphone Bias Current IDDQ Supply Quiescent Current VIN = 0V 1.1 IDDCP Supply Current during Calibration and Programming Calibrating or Programming EEPROM 30 mA (max) IDD Supply Current VIN = 25mVP-P both inputs, Noise cancelling mode 1.1 mA (max) EN pin = GND 1.6 1.2 mA (min) 1.5 mA (max) μA ISD Shut Down Current TON Turn On Time 40 ms (max) TOFF Turn Off Time 60 ms (max) www.national.com 8 LMV1089 Digital Interface Characteristics (Note 1, Note 8) Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for TJ = 25°C, I2CVDD within the Operating Rating (Note 8) LMV1089 Symbol Parameter VIH Logic High Input Level VIL Logic Low Input Level tsCAL CAL Setup Time thCAL CAL Hold time until calibration is finished tsPEC PE Setup Time thPEC PE Hold until calibration is finished Conditions Typical (Note 6) Units (Limits) Limit (Note 7) 0.75xI2CVDD EN, TM, SCL, SDA, ADR, CAL, PE 0.6xVDD GA0, GA1, GB0, GB1 0.25xI2CVDD EN, TM, SCL, SDA, ADR, CAL, PE 0.4xVDD GA0, GA1, GB0 2 V (min) V (max) ms 790 ms (min) 2 ms 790 ms (min) Note 1: “Absolute Maximum Ratings” indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur, including inoperability and degradation of device reliability and/or performance. Functional operation of the device and/or non-degradation at the Absolute Maximum Ratings or other conditions beyond those indicated in the Recommended Operating Conditions is not implied. The Recommended Operating Conditions indicate conditions at which the device is functional and the device should not be operated beyond such conditions. All voltages are measured with respect to the ground pin, unless otherwise specified. Note 2: The Electrical Characteristics tables list guaranteed specifications under the listed Recommended Operating Conditions except as otherwise modified or specified by the Electrical Characteristics Conditions and/or Notes. Typical specifications are estimations only and are not guaranteed. Note 3: The maximum power dissipation must be de-rated at elevated temperatures and is dictated by TJMAX, θJC, and the ambient temperature TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation is PDMAX = (TJMAX – TA) / θJA or the number given in the Absolute Maximum Ratings, whichever is lower. For the LMV1089, TJMAX = 150°C and the typical θJA for this microSMD package is 70°C/W and for the LLP package θJA is 64°C/W Refer to the Thermal Considerations section for more information. Note 4: Human body model, applicable std. JESD22-A114C. Note 5: Machine model, applicable std. JESD22-A115-A. Note 6: Typical values represent most likely parametric norms at TA = +25°C, and at the Recommended Operation Conditions at the time of product characterization and are not guaranteed. Note 7: Datasheet min/max specification limits are guaranteed by test, or statistical analysis. Note 8: The voltage at I2CVDD must not exceed the voltage on VDD. 9 www.national.com LMV1089 Test Methods 30047212 FIGURE 3. FFNSE, NFSLE, SNRIE Test Circuit two microphones (see Figure 16). In this configuration the speech signal at the microphone closest to the sound source will have greater amplitude than the microphone further away. Additionally the signal at microphone further away will experience a phase lag when compared with the closer microphone. To simulate this, phase delay as well as amplitude shift was added to the NFSLE test. The schematic from Figure 3 is used with the following procedure to measure the NFSLE. 1. A 25mVP-P and 17.25mVP-P (0.69*25mVP-P) sine wave is applied to Mic1 and Mic2 respectively. Once again, a signal generator is used to delay the phase of Mic2 by 15.9° when compared with Mic1. 2. Measure the output level in dBV (X) 3. Mute the signal from Mic2 4. Measure the output level in dBV (Y) 5. NFSLE = Y - X dB FAR FIELD NOISE SUPPRESSION (FFNSE) For optimum noise suppression the far field noise should be in a broadside array configuration from the two microphones (see Figure 15). Which means the far field sound source is equidistance from the two microphones. This configuration allows the amplitude of the far field signal to be equal at the two microphone inputs, however a slight phase difference may still exist. To simulate a real world application a slight phase delay was added to the FFNSE test. The block diagram from Figure 3 is used with the following procedure to measure the FFNSE. 1. A sine wave with equal frequency and amplitude (25mVP-P) is applied to Mic1 and Mic2. Using a signal generator, the phase of Mic 2 is delayed by 1.1° when compared with Mic1. 2. Measure the output level in dBV (X) 3. Mute the signal from Mic2 4. Measure the output level in dBV (Y) 5. FFNSE = Y - X dB SINGLE TO NOISE RATIO IMPROVEMENT ELECTRICAL (SNRIE) The SNRIE is the ratio of FFNSE to NFSLE and is defined as: SNRIE = FFNSE - NFSLE NEAR FIELD SPEECH LOSS (NFSLE) For optimum near field speech preservation, the sound source should be in an endfire array configuration from the www.national.com 10 Unless otherwise specified, TJ = 25°C, VDD = 3.3V, Input Voltage = 18mVP-P, f =1 kHz, pass through mode (Note 8), Pre Amp gain = 20dB, Post Amp gain = 6dB, RL = 100kΩ, and CL = 4.7pF. THD+N vs Frequency Mic1 = AC GND, Mic2 = 36mVP-P Noise Canceling Mode THD+N vs Frequency Mic2 = AC GND, Mic1 = 36mVP-P Noise Canceling Mode 30047248 30047247 THD+N vs Frequency Mic1 = 36mVP-P Mic1 Pass Through Mode THD+N vs Frequency Mic2 = 36mVP-P Mic2 Pass Through Mode 30047250 30047249 11 www.national.com LMV1089 Typical Performance Characteristics LMV1089 THD+N vs Input Voltage Mic1 = AC GND, f = 1kHz Mic2 Noise Canceling Mode THD+N vs Input Voltage Mic2 = AC GND, f = 1kHz Mic1 Noise Canceling Mode 30047252 30047251 THD+N vs Input Voltage f = 1kHz Mic1 Pass Through Mode THD+N vs Input Voltage f = 1kHz Mic2 Pass Through Mode 30047253 www.national.com 30047254 12 PSRR vs Frequency Pre Amp Gain = 20dB, Post Amp Gain = 6dB VRIPPLE = 100mVP-P, Mic1 = Mic2 = AC GND Mic2 Pass Through Mode 30047244 30047245 PSRR vs Frequency Pre Amp Gain = 20dB, Post Amp Gain = 6dB VRIPPLE = 100mVP-P, Mic1 = Mic2 = AC GND Noise Canceling Mode Far Field Noise Suppression Electrical vs Frequency 30047255 30047245 13 www.national.com LMV1089 PSRR vs Frequency Pre Amp Gain = 20dB, Post Amp Gain = 6dB VRIPPLE = 100mVP-P, Mic1 = Mic2 = AC GND Mic1 Pass Through Mode LMV1089 Signal-to-Noise Ratio Electrical vs Frequency 30047256 www.national.com 14 INTRODUCTION The LMV1089 is a fully analog single chip solution to reduce the far field noise picked up by microphones in a communi- 30047224 FIGURE 4. Simplified Block Diagram of the LMV1089 The output signal of the microphones is first amplified by a pre-amplifier stage with an adjustable gain of 6dB to 36dB. The signal is then processed by the noise cancelling processor. The noise cancelling processor matches the gain and frequency responses of the microphones and the acoustic characteristics of the enclosure using coefficients derived during the auto-calibration step and the stored in EEPROM. The resulting noise-suppressed signal is then amplified by the 6dB to 18dB gain-adjustable post-amplifier. For optimum noise and EMI immunity, the microphones have a differential connection to the LMV1089 and the output of the LMV1089 is also differential. The adjustable gain functions can be controlled via I2C and four control pins. Both methods are described later in the application section. vides two individual microphone power down functions. When either one of the shutdown functions is activated the part will go into shutdown mode consuming only a few μA of supply current. SHUTDOWN VIA HARDWARE PIN The hardware shutdown function is operated via the EN pin. In normal operation the EN pin must be at a 'high' level (VDD). Whenever a 'low' level (GND) is applied to the EN pin the part will go into shutdown mode disabling all internal circuits. SHUTDOWN VIA I2C The LMV1089 offers an additional shutdown function by reprogramming an I2C register (see Table 6). The LMV1089 will only consume power in a mode where it can perform its normal functions. So at least one of the microphone amplifier circuits must be enabled ('1'). Writing '0' to the both bit 4 and bit 5 of the I2C 'A' register (address 0x01h) of the LMV1089 will force the part into shutdown mode, even if the EN pin is 'High', the only part that remains active in this state is the I2C, which consumes neglectible power when compared to the standby current. Power Supply Circuits A low drop-out (LDO) voltage regulator in the LMV1089 allows the device to be independent of supply voltage variations. The Power On Reset (POR) circuitry in the LMV1089 requires the supply voltage to rise from 0V to VDD in less than 100ms. The Mic Bias output is provided as a low noise supply source for the electret microphones. The noise voltage on the Mic Bias microphone supply output pin depends on the noise voltage on the internal the reference node. The de-coupling capacitor on the VREF pin determines the noise voltage on this internal reference. This capacitor should be larger than 1nF; having a larger capacitor value will result in a lower noise voltage on the Mic Bias output. Most of the logic levels for the digital control interface are relative to I2CVDD voltage. This eases interfacing to the micro controller of the application containing the LMV1089. The supply voltage on the I2CVDD pin must never exceed the voltage on the VDD pin. Only the four pins that determine the default power up gain (as described in SETTING ADJUSTABLE GAIN) have logic levels relative to VDD. Adjustable Gain The LMV1089 has two gain stages where the gain can be adjusted to meet the requirements for the application. There is a preamplifier and a post amplifier that can be varied independent of each other. In most applications the gain will be set via the I2C interface, see Table 6. SETTING ADJUSTABLE GAIN The LMV1089 provides four pins to set the default gain settings during power up of the device, which is convenient for applications without a micro controller . The default gain of the preamplifier is controlled by the GA0 and GA1 pins and can be set by wiring those pins to either VDD or GND. In this way, one of the four possible values in the 12dB to 36dB range (see Table 2) can be chosen. The default post amplifier gain is set in the same way by connecting the GB0 and GB1 pins to either VDD or GND to select a gain between 6dB and 15dB (see Table 3). Setting the gain of the preamplifier and post amplifier Shutdown Function As part of the Powerwise™ family, the LMV1089 consumes only 1.1mA of current. In many applications the part does not need to be continuously operational. To further reduce the power consumption in the inactive period, the LMV1089 pro15 www.national.com LMV1089 cation system. A simplified block diagram is provided in Figure 4. Application Data LMV1089 via the I2C interface (see Table 6) will override this default gain. The default gain is only set during power up of the device. Toggling the logic level of the enable pin (EN) will not change the current gain setting of the part. Any gain setting done via the I2C interface will remain valid during activation of the function. TABLE 3. Default post amplifier gain TABLE 2. Default preamplifier gain GA1 GA0 0 0 12dB 0 1 20dB (Note 9) 1 0 28dB 1 1 36dB GB1 GB0 Gain 0 0 6dB (Note 9) 0 1 9dB 1 0 12dB 1 1 15dB Note 9: Default value used for performance measurements Gain setting in the preamplifier will result in clipping and saturation in the noise cancelling processor and output stages. The gain ranges and maximum signal levels for the different functional blocks are shown in Figure 5. Two examples are given as a guideline on how to select proper gain settings. Gain Balance and Gain Budget In systems where input signals have a high dynamic range, critical noise levels or where the dynamic range of the output voltage is also limited, careful gain balancing is essential for the best performance. Too low of a gain setting in the preamplifier can result in higher noise levels while too high of a gain 30047241 FIGURE 5. Maximum Signal Levels 3.5VP-P at the output of the LMV1089. This level is higher then maximum level that is allowed at the input of the post amp of the LMV1089. Therefore the preamp gain has to be reduced, to 1.4VP-P minus 9dB = 0.5VP-P. This limits the preamp gain to a maximum of 20dB. 5. The baseband chip limits the maximum output voltage to 1.5VP-P with the minimum of 6dB post amp gain, this results in requiring a lower level at the input of the post amp of 0.75VP-P. Now calculating this for a maximum NCP gain of 9dB the output of the preamp must be <266mVP-P. 6. Calculating the new gain for the preamp will result in <1.4dB gain. 7. The nearest lower gain will be 14dB. So using preamp gain = 14dB and postamp gain = 6dB is the optimum for this application. Example 1 An application using microphones with 50mVP-P maximum output voltage, and a baseband chip after the LMV1089 with 1.5VP-P maximum input voltage. For optimum noise performance, the gain of the input stage should be set to the maximum. 1. 50mVP-P +36 dB = 3.1VP-P. 2. 3.1VP-P is higher than the maximum 1.4VP-P allowed for the Noise Cancelling Processor (NCP). This means a gain lower than 28.9dB should be selected. 3. Select the nearest lower gain from the gain settings shown in Table 2, 28dB is selected. This will prevent the NCP from being overloaded by the microphone. With this setting, the resulting output level of the Pre Amplifier will be 1.26VP-P. 4. The NCP can have a maximum processing gain of 9dB (depending on the calibration result) which will result in www.national.com 16 LMV1089 Example 2 An application using microphones with 10mVP-P maximum output voltage, and a baseband chip after the LMV1089 with 3.3VP-P maximum input voltage. For optimum noise performance we would like to have the maximum gain at the input stage. 1. 10mVP-P + 36dB = 631mVP-P. 2. This is lower than the maximum 1.4VP-P so this is OK. 3. The NCP can have a maximum processing gain of 9dB (depending on the calibration result) which will result in 3.5VP-P at the output of the LMV1089. This level is higher then maximum level that is allowed at the input of the Post Amp of the LMV1089. Therefore the Pre Amp gain has to be reduced, to 1.4VP-P minus 9dB = 0.5VP-P. This limits the Pre Amp gain to a maximum of 34dB. 4. With a Post Amp gain setting of 6dB the output of the Post Amp will be 2.8VP-P which is OK for the baseband. 5. The nearest lower Post Amp gain will be 6dB. So using preamp gain = 34dB and postamp gain = 6dB is optimum for this application. 300472q1 I2C Signals: Data Validity I2C START AND STOP CONDITIONS START and STOP bits classify the beginning and the end of the I2C data transmission session. START condition is defined as the SDA signal transitioning from HIGH to LOW while SCL line is HIGH. STOP condition is defined as the SDA transitioning from LOW to HIGH while SCL is HIGH. The I2C master always generates START and STOP bits. The I2C bus is considered to be busy after START condition and free after STOP condition. During data transmission, I2C master can generate repeated START conditions. First START and repeated START conditions are equivalent, function-wise.(Note 10) Unprocessed Output Pins The LMV1089 provides two single ended output pins M1_UNP and M2_UNP. These pins provide the amplified output signal from the two differential microphone input amplifiers Mic1 and Mic2. When the application containing the LMV1089 is in a calibrated state the output level of the two microphone paths are matched. This makes these outputs suitable for stereo applications like video camera webcams and photo cameras. Low cost microphones with wider gain tolerance can be used because gain differences of the microphones will be compensated by the calibration system of the LMV1089. In this situation the default gain of the Pre Amplifiers is set by GA0 and GA1 as described in Table 2. This gain can be changed via I2C by writing register A as described in the I2C Compatible Interface section. 300472q2 I2C Start Stop Conditions Note 10: The master should issue STOP after no acknowledgment. TRANSFERRING DATA Every byte put on the SDA line must be eight bits long, with the most significant bit (MSB) being transferred first. Each byte of data has to be followed by an acknowledge bit. The acknowledge related clock pulse is generated by the master. The transmitter releases the SDA line (HIGH) during the acknowledge clock pulse. The receiver must pull down the SDA line during the 9th clock pulse, signifying an acknowledge (ACK). A receiver which has been addressed must generate an acknowledge after each byte has been received. After the START condition, the I2C master sends a chip address. This address is seven bits long followed by an eighth bit which is a data direction bit (R/W). The LMV1089 address is 110011002 or 110011102. For the eighth bit, a “0” indicates a WRITE and a “1” indicates a READ. The second byte selects the register to which the data will be written. The third byte contains data to write to the selected register. I2C Compatible Interface I2C SIGNALS The LMV1089 pin Serial Clock (SCL) pin is used for the I2C clock and the Serial Data (SDA) pin is used for the I2C data. Both these signals need a pull-up resistor according to I2C specification. The LMV1089 can be controlled through two slave addresses. The digital I2C address pin selects the I2C address for LMV1089 as shown inTable 4 . TABLE 4. Chip Address D7 D6 D5 1st Chip Address I2C Adress='0' D4 D3 1 1 0 0 2nd Chip Address I2C Adress='1' 1 1 0 0 D2 D1 D0 1 1 0 W/R 1 1 1 W/R I2C DATA VALIDITY The data on SDA line must be stable during the HIGH period of the clock signal (SCL). In other words, the state of the data line can only be changed when SCL is LOW. 300472q3 I2C Chip Address 17 www.national.com LMV1089 Register changes take effect at the SCL rising edge during the last ACK from slave. In Figure 6, a write example is shown, for a device with a randomly chosen address'001101002'. 300472q5 w = write (SDA = “0”) r = read (SDA = “1”) ack = acknowledge (SDA pulled down by slave) rs = repeated start FIGURE 6. Example I2C Write Cycle When a READ function is to be accomplished, a WRITE function must precede the READ function, as shown in the Read Cycle waveform. Figure 7 shows this read example for a randomly chosen address'001101012. 300472q6 FIGURE 7. Example I2C Read Cycle 300472q9 FIGURE 8. I2C Timing Diagram www.national.com 18 Symbol Limit Parameter Min Max Units 1 Hold Time (repeated) START Condition 0.6 µs 2 Clock Low Time 1.3 µs 3 Clock High Time 600 ns 4 Setup Time for a Repeated START Condition 600 5 Data Hold Time (Output direction, delay generated by LMV1089) 300 1100 ns 5 Data Hold Time (Input direction, delay generated by the Master) 0 1100 ns 6 Data Setup Time 300 7 Rise Time of SDA and SCL 20 300 ns 8 Fall Time of SDA and SCL 15 300 ns 9 Set-up Time for STOP condition 600 10 Bus Free Time between a STOP and a START Condition 1.3 Cb Capacitive Load for Each Bus Line 10 ns ns ns µs 200 pF NOTE: Data guaranteed by design 19 www.national.com LMV1089 TABLE 5. I2C Timing Paramters LMV1089 TABLE 6. I2C Register Description Address Reg. Bits Description Default Microphone preamplifier gain from 6dB up to 36dB in 2dB steps. 0000 A [3:0] 0x01h 6dB 0001 8dB 0010 10dB 0011 12dB 0100 14dB 0101 16dB 0110 18dB 0111 20dB 1000 22dB 1001 24dB 1010 26dB 1011 28dB 1100 30dB 1101 32dB 1110 34dB 1111 36dB See Table 2 A [5:4] A4 = mute mic1 and A5 = mute mic2. ( 0 = microphone on) 00(on) A [7:6] Mic enable bits, A6 = enable Mic1, A7 = enable Mic2 (1 = enable), A6 and A7 both 0 = Shutdown Mode 11(on) Gain setting for the post amplifier from (3dB steps) 000 B 6db 001 9dB 010 12dB [2:0] 011 15dB 100 18dB 101 18dB 110 18dB 111 18dB 0x02h See Table 3 Mic select bits B [4:3] 0 0 Noise cancelling mode 0 1 Only Mic1 enabled 1 0 Only Mic2 enabled 1 1 Mic1 + Mic2 00 B [7:5] Not Used 0x0Ch L [7:0] reads the output of the EEPROM read only 0x0Dh M [7:0] reads the output of the EEPROM read only N [6:0] reads the output of the EEPROM read only 0x0Efh www.national.com N [7] 000 Reads the “ready” signal. This give the status of the program cycle. 1 = ready ; 0 = program cycle in progress 20 read only Reg. Bits Description Default [3:0] Control the gain compensation between the two mics at 3kHz 0x0Fh O 0000 (0) 0.0dB 0001 (1) 0.5dB 0010 (2) 1.0dB 0011 (3) 1.5dB 0100 (4) 2.0dB 0101 (5) 2.5dB 0110 (6) 3.0dB 0111 (7) 3.0dB 1000 (8) 0dB 1001 (9) –0.5dB 1010 (A) –1.0dB 1011 (B) –1.5dB 1100 (C) –2.0dB 1110 (D) –2.5dB 1110 (E) –3.0dB 1111 (F) –3.0dB 0000 [7:4] Control the gain compensation between the two mics at 300Hz 0000 (0) 0.0dB 0001 (1) 0.5dB 0010 (2) 0.0dB 0011 (3) 1.5dB 0100 (4) 2.0dB 0101 (5) 2.5dB 0110 (6) 3.0dB 0111 (7) 3.0dB 1000 (8) 0dB 1001 (9) –0.5dB 1010 (A) –1.0dB 1011 (B) –1.5dB 1100 (C) –2.0dB 1101 (D) –2.5dB 1110 (E) –3.0dB 1111 (F) –3.0dBd 0000 21 www.national.com LMV1089 Address LMV1089 Address Reg. Bits Description Default [3:0] Control compensation gain for left channel at ALL frequencies 0x10h P 0000 (0) –3.0dB 0001 (1) –3.0dB 0010 (2) –2.5dB 0011 (3) –2.0dB 0100 (4) –1.5dB 0101 (5) –1.0dB 0110 (6) –0.5dB 0111 (7) 0.0dB 1000 (8) 0.0dB 1001 (9) 0.5dB 1010 (A) 1.0dB 1011 (B) 1.5dB 1100 (C) 2.0dB 1101 (D) 2.5dB 1110 (E) 3.0dB 1111 (F) 3.0dB 1111 [7:4] Control compensation gain for right channel at ALL frequencies 0000 (0) –3.0dB 0001 (1) –3.0dB 0010 (2) –2.5dB 0011 (3) –2.0dB 0100 (4) –1.5dB 0101 (5) –1.0dB 0110 (6) –0.5dB 0111 (7) 0.0dB 1000 (8) 0.0dB 1001 (9) 0.5dB 1010 (A) 1.0dB 1011 (B) 1.5dB 1100 (C) 2.0dB 1101 (D) 2.5dB 1110 (E) 3.0dB 1111 (F) 3.0dB 1111 [6:0] Values are clocked into EEPROM registers once “newdata” pulse is generated 0x11h Q 0x12h R www.national.com [7] StoreBar signal StoreBar = 0 enables EEPROM programming StoreBar = 1 data clock into EEPROM registers 1 [0] Start Calibration via I2C ‘0’ to ‘1’ = start calibration (keep ‘1’ during calibration) 0 [7] Internal test 0000000 22 Automatic calibration should only be required once, when the product containing the LMV1089 has completed manufacture, and prior to application packaging. The product containing the LMV1089 will be calibrated to the microphones, the microphone spacings, and the acoustical properties of the final design. The compensation or calibration technology is achieved via memory stored coefficients when the FFNS circuitry activates the calibration sequence. The purpose of the calibration sequence is to choose the optimized coefficients for the FFNS circuitry for the given microphones, spacing, and acoustical design of the product containing the LMV1089. A basic calibration can be performed with a single 1kHz tone, however to take full advantage of this calibration feature a three tone calibration (See PERFORMING A THREE TONE CALIBRATION) is preferred . The automatic calibration process can be initiated from either a digital interface CALIBRATE pin (CAL) or via the I2C interface. The logic level at the PROGRAM ENABLE (PE) pin determines if the result of the calibration is volatile or permanent. AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION VIA CAL PIN To initiate the automatic calibration via the CAL pin, the following procedure is required. See timing diagram Figure 11: • From the initial condition where both PE and CAL are at 'low' level • bring PE to a 'high' level (enable EEprom write) • bring CAL to a 'high' level to start Calibration • Apply Audio stimulus (single tone 1kHz or three tone sequence as described in PERFORMING A THREE TONE CALIBRATION) (see Figure 12). • Hold CAL 'high' for at least 790ms • Remove Audio stimulus • bring CAL to a 'low' level to stop Calibration • bring PE to a 'low' level (disable EEprom write) A tone may be applied prior to the rising of CAL and PE. Signals applied to the microphone inputs before rising of CAL and PE are ignored by the calibration system. 300472r1 FIGURE 9. Automatic Calibration via CAL pin Note: When the I2C is operated, make sure that register 'R' (address 0x12) bit 0 is '0' before operating the CAL pin (default value for this bit). When this bit is set '1' the calibration engine of the LMV1089 is started and will remain active with a higher supply current than normal operation. The state of the calibration remains active until this bit is reset, '0”. With the bit set the 'low' to' high' transfer of the CAL pin will be ignored. 23 www.national.com LMV1089 To make the result of the calibration permanent (stored in the EEPROM) the PROGRAM ENABLE (PE) pin must be high during the automatic calibration process. Calibration LMV1089 • Wait at least 790ms • Remove Audio stimulus • Write '0' into I2C to finish calibration • Bring PE to a 'low' level (disable EEprom write) A tone may be applied prior to the rising of PE or setting the I2C calibration bit . Signals applied to the microphone inputs before rising of PE or setting the I2C calibration bit are ignored by the calibration system. AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION VIA I2C COMMAND To initiate the automatic calibration via the I2C interface, the following procedure is required: • From the initial condition where PE is 'low' level • Bring PE to a 'high' level (enable EEprom write) • Write '1' into I2C register 'R' (address 0x12) bit 0 to start calibration • Apply Audio stimulus (single tone 1kHz or three tone sequence as described in PERFORMING A THREE TONE CALIBRATION) 300472r2 FIGURE 10. tone or a 1kHz tone that is switched on and off using the timing from Figure 11. To perform a one tone calibration, a 1kHz test tone is required right after the PE and CAL inputs are brought to a logic high level and that tone should be stable during the time as indicated in Table 7. At the end of this sequence the calibration data is automatically stored in the internal EEPROM (see Figure 12). A tone may be applied prior to the rising of CAL start signal and PE. Signals applied to the microphone outside the limits shown in Figure 11 and Table 7 are ignored by the calibration system. PERFORMING THE AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION Automatic calibration can be performed as 'one tone' or as 'three tone' calibration. Three tone calibration is preferred because the three tone calibration not only compensates for differences in the gain between the two microphones, but this function also corrects for differences in the frequency response between in the two microphones and compensates for the acoustical effects of the enclosure. The one tone calibration only compensates for the gain difference between the two microphones at 1kHz and can lead to less far field noise reduction when compared to three tone calibration. PERFORMING A ONE TONE CALIBRATION The easiest way to perform an automatic calibration with the LMV1089 uses a 1kHz tone. This tone can be a steady state 300472r4 FIGURE 11. One Tone Calibration Timing www.national.com 24 300472r3 FIGURE 12. Calibration Timing TABLE 7. Automatic Calibration Timing Parameters Symbol Limits Parameter Min Max Unitis tST1 Calibration Start Tone 1 tET1 Calibration End Tone 1 tST2 Calibration Start Tone 2 tET2 Calibration End Tone 2 tST3 Calibration Start Tone 3 tET3 Calibration End Tone 3 600 ms tCC Calibration Complete 790 ms 10 200 ms ms 210 400 ms ms 410 ms NOTE: Data guaranteed by design 25 www.national.com LMV1089 • A second tone with a frequency of 300Hz • A third tone with a frequency of 3kHz A tone may be applied prior to the rising of CAL start signal and PE. Signals applied to the microphone outside the limits shown in Figure 12 and Table 7 are ignored by the calibration system. Between each tone pair there is a small time, indicated by a cross, to change the frequency. During that time the input tone is ignored by the calibration system. The total calibration sequence requires less than 790ms. PERFORMING A THREE TONE CALIBRATION In a system with two microphones in an enclosure there will always be a difference in the transfer function in both gain and frequency response between the two channels. The LMV1089 has the capability to perform an automatic calibration function to minimize these differences. To perform this calibration, a test sequence of three tones is required right after the PE and CAL inputs are brought to a logic high level. At the end of this sequence the calibration data is automatically stored in the internal EEPROM. The three tones have to be applied as follows (see Figure 12): • A first tone with a frequency of 1kHz LMV1089 The sound will travel with the limited speed of 300m/s from the loudspeaker source to the microphones. When creating the calibration signals this time should not be ignored, 30cm distance will cause 1ms delay. For an optimum automatic calibration the output level of the microphones and preamp gain must be set so that the resulting signal at the output of the preamplifier is 100mVP-P ± 6dB AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION SETUP A calibration test setup consists of a test room (acoustical box) with a loudspeaker (acoustical source) driven with the test tone sequence from Figure 12. The test setup is shown in Figure 13. The distances between the source and microphone 1 and microphone 2 must be equal and the sound must travel without any obstacle from source to both microphones. 30047235 FIGURE 13. Calibration Test setup Bits O<7:4> control the two mics at 300Hz and bits O<3:0> control the two mics at 3kHz. Bits P<7:4> control the right channel gain and bits P<3:0> control the left channel gain 4) WRITE a ‘0’ to I2C register Q<7> bit (storeBar) and the bits from I2C register N<6:0> to I2C register Q<6:0> 5) When I2C register N<7> (ready) goes high, then the EEPROM programming is complete. Now PE pin and T7 pin should be set to GND and I2C register Q<7> (storeBar) should be returned to ‘1’. MANUAL CALIBRATION You can manually program the gain compensation of the two mic inputs on the LMV1089 using the I2C interface. Table 5 shows the control bits for I2C Register O and P with the corresponding gains. This can be easily done by doing the following: 1) READ contents of the I2C register N immediately after powering up. 2) Set PE pin and T7 pin to Vdd. 3) WRITE to I2C register O and P to choose the calibration settings. www.national.com 26 Microphone Placement Because the LMV1089 is a microphone array Far Field Noise Reduction solution, proper microphone placement is critical for optimum performance. Two things need to be considered: The spacing between the two microphones and the position of the two microphones relative to near field source If the spacing between the two microphones is too small, near field speech will be canceled along with the far field noise. Conversely, if the spacing between the two microphones is large, the far field noise reduction performance will be degraded. The optimum spacing between Mic 1 and Mic 2 is 1.5-2.5cm. This range provides a balance of minimal near field speech loss and maximum far field noise reduction. The microphones should be in line with the desired sound source 'near speech' and configured in an endfire array (seeFigure 16) orientation from the sound source. If the 'near speech' (desired sound source) is equidistant to the source like a broadside array (seeFigure 15) the result will be a great deal of near field speech loss. 30047236 FIGURE 14. Supply current during calibration and programming 30047243 FIGURE 15. Broadside Array (WRONG) 27 www.national.com LMV1089 SUPPLY CURRENT DURING CALIBRATION The calibration function performs two main tasks in a sequence. First the AC characteristics of the microphones are matched. Then in the second stage, if the PE pin is high, the on-chip EEPROM is programmed. During the first stage of this sequence the supply current on the LMV1089 will increase to about 2.5mA. During the writing of the EEPROM the supply current will rise for about 215 ms to about 30mA. This increased current is used for the on chip charge pump which generates the high voltages that are required for programming the EEPROM. LMV1089 30047242 FIGURE 16. Endfire Array (CORRECT) Low-Pass Filter At The Output Measurement Setup At the output of the LMV1089 there is a provision to create a 1st order low-pass filter (only enabled in 'Noise Cancelling' mode). This low-pass filter can be used to compensate for the change in frequency response that results from the noise cancellation process. The change in frequency response resembles a first-order high-pass filter, and for many of the applications it can be compensated by a first-order low-pass filter with cutoff frequency between 1.5kHz and 2.5kHz. The transfer function of the low-pass filter is derived as: Because of the nature of the calibration system it is not possible to predict the absolute gain in the two microphone channels of the Far Field Noise Cancelling System. This is because, after the calibration function has been operated, the noise cancelling circuit will compensate for the difference in gain between the microphones. In Noise Cancelling mode, this can result in a final gain offset of max 3dB between the gain set in the registers (A[3:0] and B[2:0]) and the actual measured gain between input and output of the LMV1089. After performing a calibration the frequency characteristic of the microphone channels will be matched for the two microphones. As a result of this matching there can be a slight slope in the frequency characteristic in one or both amplifiers. A-WEIGHTED FILTER The human ear is sensitive for acoustic signals within a frequency range from about 20Hz to 20kHz. Within this range the sensitivity of the human ear is not equal for each frequency. To approach the hearing response, weighting filters are introduced. One of those filters is the A-weighted filter. The A-weighted filter is used in signal to noise measurements, where the wanted audio signal is compared to device noise and distortion. The use of this filter improves the correlation of the measured values to the way these ratios are perceived by the human ear. This low-pass filter is created by connecting a capacitor between the LPF pin and the OUT pin of the LMV1089. The value of this capacitor also depends on the selected output gain. For different gains the feedback resistance in the lowpass filter network changes as shown in Table 8. TABLE 8. Low-Pass Filter Internal Impedance Post Amplifier Gain Setting (dB )in Pass Through mode Feedback Resistance Rf (kΩ) 6 20 9 29 12 40 15 57 18 80 This will result in the following values for a cutoff frequency of 2000 Hz: TABLE 9. Low-Pass Filter Capacitor For 2kHz Post Amplifier Gain Setting (dB) Rf (kΩ) Cf (nF) 6 20 3.9 9 29 2.7 12 40 2.0 15 57 1.3 18 80 1.0 www.national.com 28 30047210 FIGURE 17. A-Weighted Filter 30047211 FIGURE 18. Noise Measurement Setup For the signal to noise ratio (SNR) the signal level at the output is measured with a 1kHz input signal of 18mVP-P using an A-weighted filter. This voltage represents the output voltage of a typical electret condenser microphone at a sound pressure level of 94dB SPL, which is the standard level for these measurements. The LMV1089 is programmed for 26dB of to- tal gain (20dB preamplifier and 6dB postamplifier) with only Mic1 or Mic2 used. (See also I2C Compatible Interface). The input signal is applied differentially between the Mic+ and Mic-. Because the part is in Pass Through mode the low-pass filter at the output of the LMV1089 is disabled. 29 www.national.com LMV1089 MEASURING NOISE AND SNR The overall noise of the LMV1089 is measured within the frequency band from 10Hz to 22kHz using an A-weighted filter. The Mic+ and Mic- inputs of the LMV1089 are AC shorted between the input capacitors, see Figure 18. LMV1089 Revision History Rev Date 1.0 09/24/08 Initial release. 1.01 09/30/08 Text edits. 1.02 10/14/08 Text edits. 1.03 10/24/08 Text edits. 1.04 10/28/08 Added the LMV1089VY package . 1.05 12/11/08 Text edits. 1.06 12/17/08 Text edits. 1.07 01/13/09 Edited graphic 30047227 (32–Lead LQFP package). 1.08 02/23/09 Text edits. 1.09 02/27/09 Deleted the “Clarisuond” label from the Typical Application ckt. diagram. 1.10 06/17/09 Text edits (A2 pin) in the Pin Name and Function table. 1.11 07/06/09 Updated the Typical and Limit values (Zin) in the EC tables. 1.12 05/19/10 Fixed a minor typo in the front page. www.national.com Description 30 LMV1089 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted 36 Bump micro SMD Technology NS Package Number RLA36TTA X1 = 3.459±0.03(mm), X2 = 3.459(mm)±0.03, X3 = 0.66±0.075(mm) 32 Lead LQFP Technology NS Package Number NVBE0032 X1 = 3.459±0.03(mm), X2 = 3.459(mm)±0.03, X3 = 0.66±0.075(mm) 31 www.national.com LMV1089 Dual Input, Far Field Noise Suppression Microphone Amplifier with Automatic Calibration Capability For more National Semiconductor product information and proven design tools, visit the following Web sites at: www.national.com Products Design Support Amplifiers www.national.com/amplifiers WEBENCH® Tools www.national.com/webench Audio www.national.com/audio App Notes www.national.com/appnotes Clock and Timing www.national.com/timing Reference Designs www.national.com/refdesigns Data Converters www.national.com/adc Samples www.national.com/samples Interface www.national.com/interface Eval Boards www.national.com/evalboards LVDS www.national.com/lvds Packaging www.national.com/packaging Power Management www.national.com/power Green Compliance www.national.com/quality/green Switching Regulators www.national.com/switchers Distributors www.national.com/contacts LDOs www.national.com/ldo Quality and Reliability www.national.com/quality LED Lighting www.national.com/led Feedback/Support www.national.com/feedback Voltage References www.national.com/vref Design Made Easy www.national.com/easy www.national.com/powerwise Applications & Markets www.national.com/solutions Mil/Aero www.national.com/milaero PowerWise® Solutions Serial Digital Interface (SDI) www.national.com/sdi Temperature Sensors www.national.com/tempsensors SolarMagic™ www.national.com/solarmagic PLL/VCO www.national.com/wireless www.national.com/training PowerWise® Design University THE CONTENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION (“NATIONAL”) PRODUCTS. NATIONAL MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS PUBLICATION AND RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MAKE CHANGES TO SPECIFICATIONS AND PRODUCT DESCRIPTIONS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. NO LICENSE, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, ARISING BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, TO ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANTED BY THIS DOCUMENT. TESTING AND OTHER QUALITY CONTROLS ARE USED TO THE EXTENT NATIONAL DEEMS NECESSARY TO SUPPORT NATIONAL’S PRODUCT WARRANTY. EXCEPT WHERE MANDATED BY GOVERNMENT REQUIREMENTS, TESTING OF ALL PARAMETERS OF EACH PRODUCT IS NOT NECESSARILY PERFORMED. NATIONAL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY FOR APPLICATIONS ASSISTANCE OR BUYER PRODUCT DESIGN. BUYERS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THEIR PRODUCTS AND APPLICATIONS USING NATIONAL COMPONENTS. PRIOR TO USING OR DISTRIBUTING ANY PRODUCTS THAT INCLUDE NATIONAL COMPONENTS, BUYERS SHOULD PROVIDE ADEQUATE DESIGN, TESTING AND OPERATING SAFEGUARDS. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN NATIONAL’S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE FOR SUCH PRODUCTS, NATIONAL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER, AND NATIONAL DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY RELATING TO THE SALE AND/OR USE OF NATIONAL PRODUCTS INCLUDING LIABILITY OR WARRANTIES RELATING TO FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT. LIFE SUPPORT POLICY NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS PRIOR WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: Life support devices or systems are devices which (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system or to affect its safety or effectiveness. National Semiconductor and the National Semiconductor logo are registered trademarks of National Semiconductor Corporation. All other brand or product names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. Copyright© 2010 National Semiconductor Corporation For the most current product information visit us at www.national.com National Semiconductor Americas Technical Support Center Email: [email protected] Tel: 1-800-272-9959 www.national.com National Semiconductor Europe Technical Support Center Email: [email protected] National Semiconductor Asia Pacific Technical Support Center Email: [email protected] National Semiconductor Japan Technical Support Center Email: [email protected]