ON Semiconductor Three-Terminal Adjustable Output Positive Voltage Regulator The LM317 is an adjustable 3–terminal positive voltage regulator capable of supplying in excess of 1.5 A over an output voltage range of 1.2 V to 37 V. This voltage regulator is exceptionally easy to use and requires only two external resistors to set the output voltage. Further, it employs internal current limiting, thermal shutdown and safe area compensation, making it essentially blow–out proof. The LM317 serves a wide variety of applications including local, on card regulation. This device can also be used to make a programmable output regulator, or by connecting a fixed resistor between the adjustment and output, the LM317 can be used as a precision current regulator. • Output Current in Excess of 1.5 A • Output Adjustable between 1.2 V and 37 V • Internal Thermal Overload Protection • Internal Short Circuit Current Limiting Constant with Temperature • Output Transistor Safe–Area Compensation • Floating Operation for High Voltage Applications • Available in Surface Mount D2PAK, and Standard 3–Lead Transistor Package • Eliminates Stocking many Fixed Voltages Vout LM317 THREE–TERMINAL ADJUSTABLE POSITIVE VOLTAGE REGULATOR SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNICAL DATA T SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 221A Heatsink surface connected to Pin 2. 2 3 Pin 1. Adjust 2. Vout 3. Vin Adjust Cin* 0.1 µF 3 ORDERING INFORMATION Device LM317BD2T LM317BT **Cin is required if regulator is located an appreciable distance from power supply filter. **CO is not needed for stability, however, it does improve transient response. 2 + C ** O 1.0 µF R2 V out 1.25V 1 1 Heatsink surface (shown as terminal 4 in case outline drawing) is connected to Pin 2. R1 240 IAdj 1 D2T SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 936 (D2PAK) Standard Application Vin LM317 R2 R1 I Operating Temperature Range TJ = –40° to +125°C LM317D2T LM317T Package Surface Mount Insertion Mount Surface Mount TJ = 0° to +125°C Insertion Mount R Adj 2 Since IAdj is controlled to less than 100 µA, the error associated with this term is negligible in most applications. Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2001 March, 2001 – Rev. 2 1 Publication Order Number: LM317/D LM317 MAXIMUM RATINGS Rating Symbol Value Unit VI–VO 40 Vdc PD θJA θJC Internally Limited 65 5.0 W °C/W °C/W PD θJA θJC Internally Limited 70 5.0 W °C/W °C/W Operating Junction Temperature Range TJ –40 to +125 °C Storage Temperature Range Tstg –65 to +150 °C Input–Output Voltage Differential Power Dissipation Case 221A TA = +25°C Thermal Resistance, Junction–to–Ambient Thermal Resistance, Junction–to–Case Case 936 (D2PAK) TA = +25°C Thermal Resistance, Junction–to–Ambient Thermal Resistance, Junction–to–Case ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VI–VO = 5.0 V; IO = 0.5 A for D2T and T packages; TJ = Tlow to Thigh [Note 1]; Imax and Pmax [Note 2]; unless otherwise noted.) Characteristics Figure Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Line Regulation (Note 3), TA = +25°C, 3.0 V ≤ VI–VO ≤ 40 V 1 Regline – 0.01 0.04 %/V Load Regulation (Note 3), TA = +25°C, 10 mA ≤ IO ≤ Imax VO ≤ 5.0 V VO ≥ 5.0 V 2 Regload – – 5.0 0.1 25 0.5 mV % VO Regtherm – 0.03 0.07 % VO/W 3 IAdj – 50 100 µA 1, 2 ∆IAdj – 0.2 5.0 µA Reference Voltage, 3.0 V ≤ VI–VO ≤ 40 V, 10 mA ≤ IO ≤ Imax, PD ≤ Pmax 3 Vref 1.2 1.25 1.3 V Line Regulation (Note 3), 3.0 V ≤ VI–VO ≤ 40 V 1 Regline – 0.02 0.07 %V Load Regulation (Note 3), 10 mA ≤ IO ≤ Imax VO ≤ 5.0 V VO ≥ 5.0 V 2 Regload – – 20 0.3 70 1.5 mV % VO Temperature Stability (Tlow ≤ TJ ≤ Thigh) 3 TS – 0.7 – % VO Minimum Load Current to Maintain Regulation (VI–VO = 40 V) 3 ILmin – 3.5 10 mA Maximum Output Current VI–VO ≤ 15 V, PD ≤ Pmax, T Package VI–VO = 40 V, PD ≤ Pmax, TA = +25°C, T Package 3 Imax 1.5 0.15 2.2 0.4 – – – 0.003 – – 66 65 80 – – S – 0.3 1.0 %/1.0 k Hrs. RθJC – 5.0 – °C/W Thermal Regulation, TA = +25°C (Note 6), 20 ms Pulse Adjustment Pin Current Adjustment Pin Current Change, 2.5 V ≤ VI–VO ≤ 40 V, 10 mA ≤ IL ≤ Imax, PD ≤ Pmax RMS Noise, % of VO, TA = +25°C, 10 Hz ≤ f ≤ 10 kHz N Ripple Rejection, VO = 10 V, f = 120 Hz (Note 4) Without CAdj CAdj = 10 µF 4 Long–Term Stability, TJ = Thigh (Note 5), TA = +25°C for Endpoint Measurements 3 Thermal Resistance Junction to Case, T Package A RR % VO dB NOTES: 1. Tlow to Thigh = 0° to +125°C, for LM317T, D2T. Tlow to Thigh = –40° to +125°C, for LM317BT, BD2T. 2. Imax = 1.5 A, Pmax = 20 W 3. Load and line regulation are specified at constant junction temperature. Changes in V O due to heating effects must be taken into account separately. Pulse testing with low duty cycle is used. 4. CAdj, when used, is connected between the adjustment pin and ground. 5. Since Long–Term Stability cannot be measured on each device before shipment, this specification is an engineering estimate of average stability from lot to lot. 6. Power dissipation within an IC voltage regulator produces a temperature gradient on the die, affecting individual IC components on the die. These effects can be minimized by proper integrated circuit design and layout techniques. Thermal Regulation is the effect of these temperature gradients on the output voltage and is expressed in percentage of output change per watt of power change in a specified time. http://onsemi.com 2 LM317 Representative Schematic Diagram 31 0 310 230 Vin 5.6k 120 6.3V 170 6.7k 125k 12.4k 135 6.8k 30 pF 30 pF 160 12k 5.0pF 510 13k 200 6.3V 2.4k 105 12.5k 4.0 6.3V 190 3.6k 5.8k 110 5.1k 0.1 Vout Adjust This device contains 29 active transistors. VCC VIH VIL * Vin *Pulse testing required. *1% Duty Cycle *is suggested. LineRegulation(%V) 0.1 µF V | OH OL x100 |V | OL VOH VOL Vout LM317 Adjust Cin |V IAdj R1 240 1% CO + 1.0 µF R2 1% Figure 1. Line Regulation and ∆IAdj/Line Test Circuit http://onsemi.com 3 RL LM317 VI Vin LM317 Vout Adjust Cin 0.1 µF IL RL (max Load) 240 1% R1 + CO IAdj * VO (min Load) VO (max Load) RL (min Load) 1.0 µF *Pulse testing required. *1% Duty Cycle is suggested. R2 1% Load Regulation (% VO) = Load Regulation (mV) = VO (min Load) - VO (max Load) VO (min Load) - VO (max Load) VO (min Load) x 100 Figure 2. Load Regulation and ∆IAdj/Load Test Circuit Vin Vout LM317 IL Adjust VI Cin 0.1 µF R1 IAdj 240 1% Vref RL CO + 1.0 µF VO ISET R2 1% * Pulse testing required. * 1% Duty Cycle is suggested. To Calculate R2: Vout = ISET R2 + 1.250 V To Calculate R2: Assume ISET = 5.25 mA Figure 3. Standard Test Circuit 24 V Vin 14 V f = 120 Hz Vout LM317 Adjust Cin 240 1% R1 D1* 1N4002 0.1 µF CO R2 1.65 k 1% CAdj + + RL 1.0 µF 10 µF *D1 Discharges CAdj if output is shorted to Ground. Figure 4. Ripple Rejection Test Circuit http://onsemi.com 4 Vout = 10 V VO LM317 I out , OUTPUT CURRENT (A) ∆Vout, OUTPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE (%) 4.0 0.4 0.2 IL = 0.5 A 0 -0.2 IL = 1.5 A -0.4 Vin = 15 V Vout = 10 V -0.6 -0.8 -1.0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) 125 3.0 TJ = 25°C 2.0 1.0 0 150 150°C 55°C 0 10 20 30 Vin-Vout, INPUT-OUTPUT VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (Vdc) Figure 5. Load Regulation 40 Figure 6. Current Limit V in-Vout, INPUT-OUTPUT VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (Vdc) I Adj, ADJUSTMENT PIN CURRENT ( µA) 3.0 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 IL = 1.5 A 2.5 1.0 A 2.0 500 mA 1.5 200 mA 20 mA 1.0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 7. Adjustment Pin Current Figure 8. Dropout Voltage 125 150 5.0 Vref, REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V) IB, QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA) 1.26 1.25 1.24 1.23 1.22 ∆Vout = 100 mV 4.5 TJ = -55°C 4.0 +25°C 3.5 +150°C 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) 0 150 0 Figure 9. Temperature Stability 10 20 30 40 Vin-Vout, INPUT-OUTPUT VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (Vdc) Figure 10. Minimum Operating Current http://onsemi.com 5 LM317 100 Without CAdj 60 40 Vin - Vout = 5 V IL = 500 mA f = 120 Hz TJ = 25°C 20 0 0 5.0 10 15 20 25 30 Without CAdj 60 40 20 Vin = 15 V Vout = 10 V f = 120 Hz TJ = 25°C 0 0.01 0.1 1.0 10 IO, OUTPUT CURRENT (A) Figure 11. Ripple Rejection versus Output Voltage Figure 12. Ripple Rejection versus Output Current 101 Z O, OUTPUT IMPEDANCE () Ω IL = 500 mA Vin = 15 V Vout = 10 V TJ = 25°C 60 40 20 10 100 1.0 k 10 k 100 k Without CAdj 10-2 CAdj = 10 µF 10-3 1.0 M 10 M 10 100 1.0 k 10 k 100 k f, FREQUENCY (Hz) f, FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 13. Ripple Rejection versus Frequency Figure 14. Output Impedance 1.5 1.0 CL = 1.0 µF; CAdj = 10 µF 0.5 0 2.0 1.0 0 CL = 1.0 µF; CAdj = 10 µF -2.0 Vout = 10 V IL = 50 mA TJ = 25°C -1.0 -1.5 1.0 Vin 0.5 0 10 20 30 40 Vin = 15 V Vout = 10 V INL = 50 mA TJ = 25°C CL = 0; Without CAdj -3.0 CL = 0; Without CAdj 1.5 1.0 IL 0.5 0 0 10 20 30 t, TIME (µs) t, TIME (µs) Figure 15. Line Transient Response Figure 16. Load Transient Response http://onsemi.com 6 1.0 M 3.0 -1.0 -0.5 0 10-1 ∆Vout , OUTPUT VOLTAGE DEVIATION (V) 0 CAdj = 10 µF Without CAdj Vin = 15 V Vout = 10 V IL = 500 mA TJ = 25°C 100 IL , LOAD CURRENT (A) RR, RIPPLE REJECTION (dB) CAdj = 10 µF 80 Vout, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 80 ∆Vout , OUTPUT VOLTAGE DEVIATION (V) 100 35 100 ∆V in , INPUT VOTLAGE CHANGE (V) 120 RR, RIPPLE REJECTION (dB) RR, RIPPLE REJECTION (dB) CAdj = 10 µF 80 40 LM317 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Basic Circuit Operation External Capacitors The LM317 is a 3–terminal floating regulator. In operation, the LM317 develops and maintains a nominal 1.25 V reference (Vref) between its output and adjustment terminals. This reference voltage is converted to a programming current (IPROG) by R1 (see Figure 17), and this constant current flows through R2 to ground. The regulated output voltage is given by: A 0.1 µF disc or 1.0 µF tantalum input bypass capacitor (Cin) is recommended to reduce the sensitivity to input line impedance. The adjustment terminal may be bypassed to ground to improve ripple rejection. This capacitor (CAdj) prevents ripple from being amplified as the output voltage is increased. A 10 µF capacitor should improve ripple rejection about 15 dB at 120 Hz in a 10 V application. Although the LM317 is stable with no output capacitance, like any feedback circuit, certain values of external capacitance can cause excessive ringing. An output capacitance (CO) in the form of a 1.0 µF tantalum or 25 µF aluminum electrolytic capacitor on the output swamps this effect and insures stability. R V out V 1 2 I R 2 ref Adj R1 Since the current from the adjustment terminal (IAdj) represents an error term in the equation, the LM317 was designed to control IAdj to less than 100 µA and keep it constant. To do this, all quiescent operating current is returned to the output terminal. This imposes the requirement for a minimum load current. If the load current is less than this minimum, the output voltage will rise. Since the LM317 is a floating regulator, it is only the voltage differential across the circuit which is important to performance, and operation at high voltages with respect to ground is possible. Vin LM317 Vout Adjust IAdj Vref = 1.25 V Typical When external capacitors are used with any IC regulator it is sometimes necessary to add protection diodes to prevent the capacitors from discharging through low current points into the regulator. Figure 18 shows the LM317 with the recommended protection diodes for output voltages in excess of 25 V or high capacitance values (CO > 25 µF, CAdj > 10 µF). Diode D1 prevents CO from discharging thru the IC during an input short circuit. Diode D2 protects against capacitor CAdj discharging through the IC during an output short circuit. The combination of diodes D1 and D2 prevents CAdj from discharging through the IC during an input short circuit. Vout + Vref Protection Diodes R1 IPROG R2 D1 Vout 1N4002 Vin Figure 17. Basic Circuit Configuration LM317 Cin Load Regulation The LM317 is capable of providing extremely good load regulation, but a few precautions are needed to obtain maximum performance. For best performance, the programming resistor (R1) should be connected as close to the regulator as possible to minimize line drops which effectively appear in series with the reference, thereby degrading regulation. The ground end of R2 can be returned near the load ground to provide remote ground sensing and improve load regulation. Vout R1 + D2 Adjust CO 1N4002 R2 CAdj Figure 18. Voltage Regulator with Protection Diodes http://onsemi.com 7 3.5 PD(max) for TA = +50°C JUNCTIONTOAIR (° C/W) R θ JA, THERMAL RESISTANCE 80 70 3.0 Free Air Mounted Vertically 60 ÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎ 2.0 oz. Copper L Minimum Size Pad 50 1.5 RθJA 0 5.0 2.0 L 40 30 2.5 10 15 20 L, LENGTH OF COPPER (mm) PD, MAXIMUM POWER DISSIPATION (W) LM317 1.0 30 25 Figure 19. D2PAK Thermal Resistance and Maximum Power Dissipation versus P.C.B. Copper Length D6* 1N4002 Vin 32 V to 40 V Vin1 Vout1 RSC LM317 (1) Vin2 240 0.1 µF D1 1N4001 Adjust 1 Current Limit Adjust * Diodes D1 and D2 and transistor Q2 are added to * allow adjustment of output voltage to 0 V. * D6 protects both LM317's during an input short circuit. 1.0K D2 1N4001 Adjust 2 5.0 k Iout Vout 2 LM317 (2) Vout D5 IN4001 + Voltage Adjust + 1.0 µF Tantalum 10 µF 1N4001 Q1 2N3822 D3 D4 -10 V Q2 2N5640 Output Range:0 ≤ VO ≤ 25 V Output Range:0 ≤ IO ≤ 1.5 A IN4001 -10 V Figure 20. ‘‘Laboratory’’ Power Supply with Adjustable Current Limit and Output Voltage http://onsemi.com 8 LM317 +25 V Vout LM317 Vin R1 1.25 Adjust IOmax + IDSS R2 ≤ Adjust 1.0 k 2N5640 Vref IDDS TTL Control Minimum Vout = 1.25 V VSS* * D1 protects the device during an input short circuit. Figure 22. 5.0 V Electronic Shutdown Regulator Vin Vout MPS2907 R1 Iout 1N4001 Adjust 50 k Adjust Vout LM317 240 R2 MPS2222 720 Figure 21. Adjustable Current Limiter LM317 + 1.0 µF 120 D2 1N4001 VO < BVDSS + 1.25 V + VSS, ILmin - IDSS < IO < 1.5 A. As shown 0 < IO < 1.0 A. Vin Vout LM317 D1 1N4001 R2 * To provide current limiting of IO to the system * ground, the source of the FET must be tied to a * negative voltage below - 1.25 V. Vref 1N4002 Vin 100 R1 = D1* Iout + IAdj V ref I Adj R1 1.25V R1 10 mA ≤ Iout ≤ 1.5 A I out 10 µF Figure 23. Slow Turn–On Regulator Figure 24. Current Regulator http://onsemi.com 9 LM317 PACKAGE DIMENSIONS T SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 221A–09 ISSUE AA –T– B NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. 3. DIMENSION Z DEFINES A ZONE WHERE ALL BODY AND LEAD IRREGULARITIES ARE ALLOWED. SEATING PLANE C F T S 4 DIM A B C D F G H J K L N Q R S T U V Z A Q 1 2 3 U H K Z L R V J G D N INCHES MIN MAX 0.570 0.620 0.380 0.405 0.160 0.190 0.025 0.035 0.142 0.147 0.095 0.105 0.110 0.155 0.018 0.025 0.500 0.562 0.045 0.060 0.190 0.210 0.100 0.120 0.080 0.110 0.045 0.055 0.235 0.255 0.000 0.050 0.045 ----0.080 MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 14.48 15.75 9.66 10.28 4.07 4.82 0.64 0.88 3.61 3.73 2.42 2.66 2.80 3.93 0.46 0.64 12.70 14.27 1.15 1.52 4.83 5.33 2.54 3.04 2.04 2.79 1.15 1.39 5.97 6.47 0.00 1.27 1.15 ----2.04 D2T SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 936–03 (D2PAK) ISSUE B OPTIONAL CHAMFER A E TERMINAL 4 –T – U S K V B H F 1 2 3 M L P J N D 0.010 (0.254) M R T G C http://onsemi.com 10 NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. 3. TAB CONTOUR OPTIONAL WITHIN DIMENSIONS A AND K. 4. DIMENSIONS U AND V ESTABLISH A MINIMUM MOUNTING SURFACE FOR TERMINAL 4. 5. DIMENSIONS A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH OR GATE PROTRUSIONS. MOLD FLASH AND GATE PROTRUSIONS NOT TO EXCEED 0.025 (0.635) MAXIMUM. DIM A B C D E F G H J K L M N P R S U V INCHES MIN MAX 0.386 0.403 0.356 0.368 0.170 0.180 0.026 0.036 0.045 0.055 0.051 REF 0.100 BSC 0.539 0.579 0.125 MAX 0.050 REF 0.000 0.010 0.088 0.102 0.018 0.026 0.058 0.078 5 REF 0.116 REF 0.200 MIN 0.250 MIN MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 9.804 10.236 9.042 9.347 4.318 4.572 0.660 0.914 1.143 1.397 1.295 REF 2.540 BSC 13.691 14.707 3.175 MAX 1.270 REF 0.000 0.254 2.235 2.591 0.457 0.660 1.473 1.981 5 REF 2.946 REF 5.080 MIN 6.350 MIN LM317 Notes http://onsemi.com 11 LM317 ON Semiconductor and are trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. 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