LT6100 Precision, Gain Selectable High Side Current Sense Amplifier DESCRIPTIO U FEATURES ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Input Offset Voltage: 300µV (Max) Sense Inputs Up to 48V 0.5% Gain Accuracy Pin Selectable Gain: 10, 12.5, 20, 25, 40, 50V/V Separate Power Supply: 2.7V to 36V Operating Current: 60µA Sense Input Current (VCC Powered Down): 1nA Reverse Battery Protected to – 48V Buffered Output Noise Filtering Input –40°C to 125°C Operating Temperature Range Available in 8-Lead DFN and MSOP Packages The LT®6100 is a complete micropower, precision, high side current sense amplifier. The LT6100 monitors unidirectional currents via the voltage across an external sense resistor. Fixed gains of 10, 12.5, 20, 25, 40, 50V/V are obtained by simply strapping or floating two gain select pins. Gain accuracy is better than 0.5% for all gains. The LT6100 sense inputs have a voltage range that extends from 4.1V to 48V, and can withstand a differential voltage of the full supply. This makes it possible to monitor the voltage across a MOSFET switch or a fuse. The part can also withstand a reverse battery condition on the inputs. U APPLICATIO S ■ ■ ■ ■ Input offset is a low 300µV. CMRR and PSRR are in excess of 105dB, resulting in a wide dynamic range. A filter pin is provided to easily implement signal filtering with a single capacitor. Battery Monitoring Fuse Monitoring Portable and Cellular Phones Portable Test/Measurement Systems The LT6100 has a separate supply input, which operates from 2.7V to 36V and draws only 60µA. When VCC is powered down, the sense pins are biased off. This prevents loading of the monitored circuit, irrespective of the sense voltage. The LT6100 is available in an 8-lead DFN and MSOP package. , LTC and LT are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. U TYPICAL APPLICATIO Input Offset Voltage vs VS Sense Input Voltage 0A to 33A High Side Current Monitor with 12kHz Frequency Rolloff 1.5 3V 2 LT6100 VCC 7 6 A4 A2 + 8 VS VOUT 5 RSENSE 3mΩ – 1 VS LOAD CONFIGURED FOR GAIN = 25V/V VEE FIL 4 3 VOUT = 2.5V ISENSE = 33A INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE (mV) 4.4V TO 48V SUPPLY VSENSE = 100mV VCC = 3V TA = 25°C 1.0 0.5 0 –0.5 –1.0 6100 TA01a –1.5 220pF 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 VS SENSE INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 6100 TA01b 6100f 1 LT6100 W W W AXI U U ABSOLUTE RATI GS (Notes 1, 2) Differential Sense Voltage ..................................... ±48V Total VS+, VS– to VEE ............................................... 48V Total VCC Supply Voltage from VEE ......................... 36V Output Voltage ............................... (VEE) to (VEE + 36V) Output Short-Circuit Duration (Note 3) ........ Continuous Operating Temperature Range (Note 4) LT6100C ............................................. – 40°C to 85°C LT6100I .............................................. – 40°C to 85°C LT6100H .......................................... – 40°C to 125°C Specified Temperature Range (Note 5) LT6100C ............................................. – 40°C to 85°C LT6100I .............................................. – 40°C to 85°C LT6100H .......................................... – 40°C to 125°C Storage Temperature Range ........................................... DFN .................................................. – 65°C to 125°C MSOP ............................................... – 65°C to 150°C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) MSOP .............................................................. 300°C U U W PACKAGE/ORDER I FOR ATIO ORDER PART NUMBER TOP VIEW VS – 1 VCC 2 FIL 3 8 9 VEE 4 VS+ 7 A4 6 A2 5 VOUT DD PACKAGE 8-LEAD (3mm × 3mm) PLASTIC DFN ORDER PART NUMBER TOP VIEW LT6100CDD LT6100IDD LT6100HDD DD PART MARKING* TJMAX = 125°C, θJA = 43°C/ W EXPOSED PAD (PIN 9) IS VEE MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB VS– 1 VCC 2 FIL 3 VEE 4 8 7 6 5 LT6100CMS8 LT6100IMS8 LT6100HMS8 VS+ A4 A2 VOUT MS8 PACKAGE 8-LEAD PLASTIC MSOP MS PART MARKING* TJMAX = 150°C, θJA = 250°C/ W LBMW LTBMV Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges. *The temperature grades are identified by a label on the shipping container. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The ● denotes specifications which apply over the temperature range 0°C ≤ TA ≤ 70°C (LT6100C), otherwise specifications are TA = 25°C. VCC = 5V, VEE = 0V, VS+ = VCC + 1.4V unless otherwise specified. (Note 5) SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS VS–, VS+ VSENSE Sense Amplifier Supply Voltage Input Sense Voltage Full Scale VOS Input Offset Voltage (MS Package) Single Supply Operation (VCC = 2.7V) VSENSE = VS+ – VS–, VCC = 3V, AV = 10V/V VSENSE = VS+ – VS–, VCC = 5V, AV = 10V/V IOUT = 0, VCC = 5V Input Offset Voltage (DD Package) IOUT = 0, VCC = 5V VOS TC Temperature Coefficient of VOS VCC = 5V (Note 6) AV Gain, VOUT/VSENSE VSENSE = 50mV to 80mV, VCC Supply = 5V, AV = 10V/V LT6100DD8 MIN ● ● ● Output Voltage Gain Error (Note 7) UNITS 48 V mV mV µV µV µV µV µV/°C 0.5 10 10 10 10 10.05 10.06 10.10 10.10 V/V V/V V/V V/V –0.5 0.5 % ● –0.6 –1.0 0.6 1.0 % % ● –1.0 1.0 ● ● ● VSENSE = 50mV to 80mV, VCC Supply = 5V, AV = 10, 12.5, 20, 25, 40, 50V/V LT6100DD8 VS = 48V ±80 MAX 300 500 350 550 3 ● ● VS = 48V 4.1 110 300 –300 –500 –350 –550 TYP 9.95 9.94 9.90 9.9 ±80 % 6100f 2 LT6100 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The ● denotes specifications which apply over the temperature range 0°C ≤ TA ≤ 70°C (LT6100C), otherwise specifications are TA = 25°C. VCC = 5V, VEE = 0V, VS+ = VCC + 1.4V unless otherwise specified. (Note 5) SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP VS CMRR VS Sense Input Common Mode Rejection Ratio VSENSE = 50mV, VCC = 2.7V, VS = 4.1V to 36V ● 105 100 120 120 dB dB VCC Supply Rejection Ratio VSENSE = 50mV, VS = 36V, VCC = 3V to 30V ● 105 100 120 120 dB dB VCC PSRR 2.7 MAX VCC Supply Voltage VCC BW Bandwidth AV = 10V/V, fO = –3dB AV = 50V/V, fO = –3dB tS Output Settling to 1% Final Value VSENSE = 10mV to 100mV IS+(O), IS–(O) Sense Input Current VSENSE = 0V ● 4.5 10 µA ICC(O) VCC Supply Current VSENSE = 0V, VCC = 5V ● 60 130 µA SR Slew Rate VCC = 15V, VSENSE = 50mV to 300mV, AV = 50V/V 100 20 ● 0.03 0.02 36 UNITS V 150 50 kHz kHz 15 µs 0.05 0.05 V/µs V/µs 8 15 mA 50 60 V Short-Circuit Current ISC+, ISC– Reverse VS Supply IS = –100µA ● VO(MIN) Minimum Output Voltage VSENSE = 0V, No Load VSENSE = VS+ – VS– = –100mV, AV = 50V/V, No Load ● 15 15 30 25 mV mV VO(MAX) Output High VCC = 5V, AV = 50V/V, VSENSE = 100mV, IL = 0 VSENSE = 100mV, IL = 100µA VSENSE = 100mV, IL = 500µA VSENSE = 100mV, IL = 1mA ● ● ● ● 75 85 125 175 125 150 250 400 mV mV mV mV ● 0.001 1 µA ISC IS+, IS– (Off) Sense Input Current (Power Down) VCC = 0V, VS = 48V, VSENSE = 0V The ● denotes specifications which apply over the temperature range –40°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C (LT6100I), otherwise specifications are TA = 25°C. VCC = 5V, VEE = 0V, VS+ = VCC + 1.4V unless otherwise specified. (Note 5) SYMBOL PARAMETER VS–, VS+ Sense Amplifier Supply Voltage Single Supply Operation (VCC = 2.7V) ● 4.1 VSENSE Input Sense Voltage Full Scale VSENSE = VS+ – VS–, VCC = 3V, AV = 10V/V VSENSE = VS+ – VS–, VCC = 5V, AV = 10V/V ● ● 110 300 VOS Input Offset Voltage (MS Package) IOUT = 0, VCC = 5V –300 –550 ±80 ● 300 550 µV µV –350 –600 ±80 ● 350 600 µV µV Input Offset Voltage (DD Package) CONDITIONS MIN IOUT = 0, VCC = 5V VOS TC Temperature Coefficient of VOS VCC = 5V (Note 6) AV Gain, VOUT/VSENSE VSENSE = 50mV to 80mV, VCC = 5V, AV = 10V/V LT6100DD8 ● ● Output Voltage Gain Error (Note 7) VS = 48V VSENSE = 50mV to 80mV, VCC = 5V, AV = 10, 12.5, 20, 25, 40, 50V/V LT6100DD8 VS = 48V ● TYP MAX 48 UNITS V mV mV µV/°C 0.5 3 9.95 9.94 9.90 10 10 10 10.05 10.06 10.10 V/V V/V V/V 9.9 –0.5 10 10.10 0.5 V/V % ● –0.6 –1.0 0.6 1.0 % % ● –1.0 1.0 % 6100f 3 LT6100 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The ● denotes specifications which apply over the temperature range –40°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C (LT6100I), otherwise specifications are TA = 25°C. VCC = 5V, VEE = 0V, VS+ = VCC + 1.4V unless otherwise specified. (Note 5) SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP VS CMRR VS Sense Input Common Mode Rejection Ratio VSENSE = 50mV, VCC = 2.7V, VS = 4.1V to 36V ● 105 100 120 120 dB dB VCC Supply Rejection Ratio VSENSE = 50mV, VS = 36V, VCC = 3V to 30V ● 105 100 120 120 dB dB VCC PSRR 2.7 MAX UNITS VCC Supply Voltage VCC BW Bandwidth AV = 10V/V, fO = –3dB AV = 50V/V, fO = –3dB tS Output Settling to 1% Final Value VSENSE = 10mV to 100mV IS+(O), IS–(O) Sense Input Current VSENSE = 0V ● 4.5 10 µA ICC(O) Supply Current VSENSE = 0V, V+ Supply = 5V ● 60 145 µA SR Slew Rate VCC = 15V, VSENSE = 50mV to 300mV, AV = 50V/V 100 20 ● 0.03 0.02 36 V 150 50 kHz kHz 15 µs 0.05 0.05 V/µs V/µs 8 15 mA 50 60 V Short-Circuit Current ISC+, ISC– Reverse VS Supply IS = –100µA ● VO(MIN) Minimum Output Voltage VSENSE = 0V, No Load VSENSE = VS+ – VS– = –100mV, AV = 50V/V, No Load ● 15 15 30 25 mV mV VO(MAX) Output High VCC = 5V, AV = 50V/V, VSENSE = 100mV, IL = 0 VSENSE = 100mV, IL = 100µA VSENSE = 100mV, IL = 500µA VSENSE = 100mV, IL = 1mA ● ● ● ● 75 85 125 175 125 150 250 400 mV mV mV mV ● 0.001 1 µA ISC IS+, IS– (Off) Sense Input Current (Power Down) VCC = 0V, VS = 48V, VSENSE = 0V The ● denotes specifications which apply over the temperature range –40°C ≤ TA ≤ 125°C (LT6100H), otherwise specifications are TA = 25°C. VCC = 5V, VEE = 0V, VS+ = VCC + 1.4V unless otherwise specified. (Note 5) SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS VS–, VS+ Sense Amplifier Supply Voltage Single Supply Operation (VCC = 2.7V) VSENSE Input Sense Voltage Full Scale VSENSE = VS – VS–, VCC = 3V, AV VSENSE = VS+ – VS–, VCC = 5V, AV VOS Input Offset Voltage (MS Package) IOUT = 0, VCC = 5V Input Offset Voltage (DD Package) + MIN = 10V/V = 10V/V Temperature Coefficient of VOS VCC = 5V (Note 6) AV Gain, VOUT/VSENSE VSENSE = 50mV to 80mV, VCC = 5V, AV = 10V/V LT6100DD8 Output Voltage Gain Error (Note 7) 110 300 –300 –600 ±80 ● 300 600 µV µV –350 –650 ±80 ● 350 650 µV µV 0.5 5 10 10 10 10 10.05 10.06 10.10 10.10 V/V V/V V/V V/V –0.5 0.5 % –0.6 –1.0 –1.0 0.6 1.0 1.0 % % % ● ● VSENSE = 50mV to 80mV, VCC = 5V, AV = 10, 12.5, 20, 25, 40, 50V/V LT6100DD8 ● VS = 48V UNITS ● ● ● VS = 48V MAX 4.1 IOUT = 0, VCC = 5V VOS TC TYP ● ● 9.95 9.94 9.90 9.9 48 V mV mV µV/°C 6100f 4 LT6100 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The ● denotes specifications which apply over the temperature range –40°C ≤ TA ≤ 125°C (LT6100H), otherwise specifications are TA = 25°C. VCC = 5V, VEE = 0V, VS+ = VCC + 1.4V unless otherwise specified. (Note 5) SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP VS CMRR VS Sense Input Common Mode Rejection Ratio VSENSE = 50mV, VCC = 2.7V, VS = 4.1V to 36V ● 105 100 120 120 dB dB VCC Supply Rejection Ratio VSENSE = 50mV, VS = 36V, VCC = 3V to 30V ● 105 95 120 120 dB dB VCC PSRR 2.7 MAX VCC Supply Voltage VCC BW Bandwidth AV = 10V/V, fO = –3dB AV = 50V/V, fO = –3dB tS Output Settling to 1% Final Value VSENSE = 10mV to 100mV IS+(O), IS–(O) Sense Input Current VSENSE = 0V ● 4.5 10 µA ICC(O) Supply Current VSENSE = 0V, VCC = 5V ● 60 170 µA SR Slew Rate VCC = 15V, VSENSE = 50mV to 300mV, AV = 50V/V 100 20 ● 0.03 0.02 36 UNITS V 150 50 kHz kHz 15 µs 0.05 0.05 V/µs V/µs 8 15 mA 50 60 V Short-Circuit Current ISC+, ISC– Reverse VS Supply IS = –100µA ● VO(MIN) Minimum Output Voltage VSENSE = 0V, No Load VSENSE = VS+ – VS– = –100mV, AV = 50V/V, No Load ● 15 15 35 25 mV mV VO(MAX) Output High VCC = 5V, AV = 50V/V, VSENSE = 100mV, IL = 0 VSENSE = 100mV, IL = 100µA VSENSE = 100mV, IL = 500µA VSENSE = 100mV, IL = 1mA ● ● ● ● 75 85 125 175 140 160 250 400 mV mV mV mV ● 0.001 1 µA ISC IS+, IS– (Off) Sense Input Current (Power Down) VCC = 0V, VS = 48V, VSENSE = 0V Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which the life of a device may be impaired. Note 2: ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) sensitive devices. Extensive use of ESD protection devices are used internal to the LT6100, however, high electrostatic discharge can damage or degrade the device. Use proper ESD handling precautions. Note 3: A heat sink may be required to keep the junction temperature below absolute maximum ratings. Note 4: The LT6100C/LT6100I are guaranteed functional over the operating temperature range of –40°C to 85°C. The LT6100H is guaranteed functional over the operating temperature range of –40°C to 125°C. Note 5: The LT6100C is guaranteed to meet specified performance from 0°C to 70°C. The LT6100C is designed, characterized and expected to meet specified performance from –40°C to 85°C but is not tested or QA sampled at these temperatures. The LT6100I is guaranteed to meet specified performance from –40°C to 85°C. The LT6100H is guaranteed to meet specified performance from –40°C to 125°C. Note 6: This parameter is not 100% tested. Note 7: Gain error for AV = 12.5, 25V/V is guaranteed by other gain error test. 6100f 5 LT6100 U W TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS Input Offset Voltage vs VS+ Input Voltage 1.5 400 100 0 –100 –200 TA = 25°C 0 –0.5 TA = 125°C TA = 85°C –1.0 –1.5 –2.0 –2.5 –300 –3.0 – 400 –40 –25 –10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 TEMPERATURE (°C) –3.5 10 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 40 30 20 5 10 15 20 25 30 VCC SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 35 VS+ = 6.4V TO 48V VCC = 5V TA = –40°C TO 125°C Gain vs Temperature TA = –40°C VS > 6.6V 7 TYPICAL UNITS VSENSE = 50mV TO 80mV VS+ = 6.4V TO 48V VCC = 5V AV = 50V/V 50.04 50.02 2.5 TA = –40°C VS = 6.4V 2.0 1.5 40 6100 G02 50.06 50.00 49.98 49.96 49.94 1.0 49.92 0.5 0.2 0 –150 49.90 0 –90 –30 30 90 SENSE VOLTAGE (VS+ – VS–)(mV) 0 150 300 180 240 120 60 SENSE VOLTAGE (VS+ – VS–) (mV) 10 8 TA = 125°C TA = 85°C 4 TA = 25°C TA = –40°C 2 35 POSITIVE SENSE INPUT CURRENT (µA) VS+ = 4.4V TO 48V VCC = 3V 6 30 30 70 110 –70 –30 SENSE VOLTAGE (VS+ – VS–) (mV) 6100 G06 Output Positive Swing vs Load Current 350 VS+ = 4.4V TO 48V VCC = 3V TA = 125°C 25 TA = 85°C 20 TA = 25°C 15 TA = –40°C 10 5 0 –5 –110 6100 G05 Positive Sense Input Current vs Sense Voltage Negative Sense Input Current vs Sense Voltage 12 49.88 –40 –25 –10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 TEMPERATURE (°C) 6100 G04 6100 G03 NEGATIVE SENSE INPUT CURRENT (µA) 0 50 0.4 0 TA = 125°C Output Voltage vs Sense Voltage 3.0 TA = –40°C VS = 4.4V 100 6100 G01 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 1.4 VSENSE = 100mV VS+ = 48V 150 VS+ INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 3.5 VS+ = 4.4V TO 48V VCC = 3V AV = 10V/V TA = –40°C TO 125°C TA = –40°C VS > 4.6V TA = –40°C 200 0 0 Output Voltage vs Sense Voltage 1.6 TA = 25°C 250 50 6100 G21 1.8 TA = 85°C 300 GAIN (V/V) 200 TA = –40°C 0.5 –110 110 –70 –30 30 70 SENSE VOLTAGE (VS+ – VS–) (mV) 6100 G07 OUTPUT POSITIVE SWING (mV) INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE (µV) 300 350 VSENSE = 100mV VCC = 3V 1.0 INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE (mV) 9 TYPICAL UNITS VS = 6.4V VCC = 5V Input Offset Voltage vs VCC Supply Voltage INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE (µV) Input Offset Voltage vs Temperature VS+ = 6.4V VCC = 5V VSENSE = 150mV AV = 50V/V 300 250 TA = 125°C TA = 85°C 200 150 TA = 25°C 100 TA = –40°C 50 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 6100 G08 6100f 6 LT6100 U W TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS VCC Supply Current vs VS Input Voltage Op Amp Output Impedance vs Frequency 10k VSENSE = 0V 180 VCC = 3V TA = 125°C 140 OUTPUT IMPEDANCE (Ω) VCC SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) 160 TA = 85°C 120 TA = 25°C 100 TA = –40°C 80 60 1k Gain vs Frequency 50 VS+, VS– = 6.5V VCC = 5V VEE = –5V FIL = 0V 40 G2 = 5V/V G2 = 2V/V 10 1 0 –10 –30 20 –40 0 0 10 30 40 20 TOTAL VS INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 0.1 50 10k 1k 100k 120 90 70 50 40 30 20 10 0 100 1k 10k FREQUENCY (Hz) 100k 1M 0 GAIN ERROR (%) VCC PSRR (dB) 60 VS+ = VS– 10 100 1k 10k 100k FREQUENCY (Hz) 0 1M 50 100 150 200 VSENSE (mV) 6100 G12 250 300 6100 G24 Step Response at VSENSE = 0V to 130mV 130mV TA = 125°C VS+ = 6.4V VCC = 5V AV = 10V/V TA = 25°C –3 1 6100 G11 10 –1 –2 –10 0.1 Sense Input Current (VCC Powered Down) vs VS+ 10M Gain Error vs VSENSE 110 80 1M 1 VS = 10V VSENSE = 100mV VCC = 5V 130 100 10k 100k FREQUENCY (Hz) 6100 G10 VCC PSRR vs Frequency 150 VS = 6.4V VCC = 5V 10 1k 6100 G23 CMRR vs Frequency 140 –50 100 1M FREQUENCY (Hz) 6100 G09 CMRR (dB) 10 –20 G2 = 1V/V 40 TOTAL INPUT CURRENT (IS+ + IS– ) (nA) AV = 10 20 100 VS = 12.1V VCC = 10V AV = 50 30 GAIN (dB) 200 Step Response at VSENSE = 0V to 130mV 130mV VSENSE 0V VSENSE 1 0V 6.5V TA = 85°C 1.3V 0.1 VOUT VOUT 0V TA = 25°C 0.01 VS = 10V AV = 10V/V CL = 0pF TA = –40°C 0.001 0 10 20 30 VS+ (V) 40 0V 50µs/DIV 6100 G13 VS = 10V AV = 50V/V CL = 0pF 0.2ms/DIV 6100 G14 50 6100 G25 6100f 7 LT6100 U W TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS Step Response at VSENSE = 0V to 10mV Step Response at VSENSE = 0V to 130mV Step Response at VSENSE = 0V to 10mV 130mV 20mV VSENSE 20mV VSENSE 0V VSENSE 0V 0V 1.3V 500mV 100mV VOUT VOUT 0V VOUT 0V 0V VS = 10V AV = 10V/V COUT = 0pF 50µs/DIV 6100 G15 VS = 10V AV = 50V/V CL = 0pF 6100 G16 50µs/DIV Step Response at VSENSE = 0V to 130mV 130mV VSENSE 0V VS = 10V AV = 10V/V COUT = 1000pF 50µs/DIV 6100 G17 Step Response at VSENSE = 0V to 10mV 20mV VSENSE 0V 6.5V 100mV VOUT VOUT 0V 0V VS = 10V AV = 50V/V CL = 1000pF 0.2ms/DIV 6100 G18 VS = 10V AV = 10V/V CL = 1000pF Step Response at VSENSE = 0V to 10mV 20mV VSENSE 0V 50µs/DIV 6100 G19 Start-Up Delay VS+ 500mV 10V 0V 1V VOUT VOUT 0V 0V VS = 10V AV = 50V/V CL = 1000pF 50µs/DIV 6100 G20 VCC = 5V 20µs/DIV VSENSE = 100mV AV = 10V/V VEE = 0V 6100 G22 6100f 8 LT6100 U U U PI FU CTIO S VS – (Pin 1): Negative Sense Input Terminal. Negative sense voltage input will remain functional for voltages up to 48V. VS – is connected to an internal gain-setting resistor RG2 = 5k. A2 (Pin 6): Gain Select Pin. Refer to Table 1. A4 (Pin 7): Gain Select Pin. When Pin 7 is shorted to VEE, the total gain is 40V/V. When both Pin 6 and Pin 7 are shorted to VEE, the total gain is 50V/V. When both Pin 6 and Pin 7 are opened, the total gain is 10V/V. VCC (Pin 2): Supply Voltage Input. This power supply pin supplies current to both current sense amplifier and op amp. VS+ (Pin 8): Positive Sense Input Terminal. Connecting a supply to VS+ and a load to VS– will allow the LT6100 to monitor the current through RSENSE, refer to Figure 1. VS+ is connected to an internal gain setting resistor RG1 = 5k. VS+ remains functional for voltages up to 48V. FIL (Pin 3): Filter Pin. Connects to an external capacitor to roll off differential noise of the system. Pole frequency f– 3dB = 1/(2πRFILC), RFIL = RE + RO = 60k. VEE (Pin 4): Negative Supply or Ground for Single Supply Operation. VOUT (Pin 5): Voltage Output Proportional to the Magnitude of the Current Flowing Through RSENSE: VOUT = AV • (VSENSE ± VOS) VOS is the input offset voltage. AV is the total gain of the LT6100. W FU CTIO AL DIAGRA U RSENSE VIN (VCC + 1.4V) TO 48V LOAD 1 8 VS– VS+ RG1 5k RG2 5k + – R 25k A1 VCC 2.7V TO 36V – 2 Q1 RE 10k + VO1 RO 50k R VEE 4 FIL 3 VOUT 5 R/3 A4 A2 6 A2 7 6100 F01 Figure 1. Functional Diagram 6100f 9 U LT6100 U W U U APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO The LT6100 high side current sense amplifier (Figure 1) provides accurate unidirectional monitoring of current through a user-selected sense resistor. The LT6100 features a fully specified 4.1V to 48V input common mode range. A high PSRR VCC supply (2.7V to 36V) powers the current sense amplifier and the internal op amp circuitry. The input sense voltage is level shifted from the positive sense power supply to the ground reference and amplified by a user-selected gain to the output. The buffered output voltage is directly proportional to the current flowing through the sense resistor. Theory of Operation (Refer to Figure 1) Current from the source at VS+ flows through RSENSE to the load at VS–, creating a sense voltage, VSENSE. Inputs VS+ and VS– apply the sense voltage to RG2. The opposite ends of resistors RG1 and RG2 are forced to be at equal potentials by the voltage gain of amplifier A1. The current through RG2 is forced to flow through transistor Q1 and is sourced to node VO1. The current from RG2 flowing through resistor RO gives a voltage gain of ten, VO1/VSENSE = RO/RG2 = 10V/V. The sense amplifier output at VO1 is amplified again by amplifier A2. The inputs of amplifier A2 can operate to ground which ensures that small sense voltage signals are detected. Amplifier A2 can be programmed to different gains via Pin 6 and Pin 7. Thus, the total gain of the system becomes AV = 10 • A2 and VOUT = VSENSE • AV. Gain Setting The LT6100 gain is set by strapping (or floating) the two gain pins (see Table 1). This feature allows the user to “zoom in” by increasing the gain for accurate measurement of low currents. Table 1. Gain Set with Pin 6 and Pin 7 A2 (PIN 6) A4 (PIN 7) G2 AV Open Open 1 10 VEE Out 1.25 12.5 VEE Open 2 20 Out VEE 2.5 25 Open VEE 4 40 VEE VEE 5 50 Selection of External Current Sense Resistor External RSENSE resistor selection is a delicate trade-off between power dissipation in the resistor and current measurement accuracy. The maximum sense voltage may be as large as ±300mV to get maximum dynamic range. For high current applications, the user may want to minimize the sense voltage to minimize the power dissipation in the sense resistor. The LT6100’s low input offset voltage of 80µV allows for high resolution of low sense voltages. This allows limiting the maximum sense voltage while still providing high resolution current monitoring. Kelvin connection of the LT6100’s VS+ and VS– inputs to the sense resistor should be used to provide the highest accuracy in high current applications. Solder connections and PC board interconnect resistance (approximately 0.5mΩ per square) can be a large error in high current systems. A 5A application might choose a 20mΩ sense resistor to give a 100mV full-scale input to the LT6100. Input offset voltage will limit resolution to 4mA. Neglecting contact resistance at solder joints, even one square of PC board copper at each resistor end will cause an error of 5%. This error will grow proportionately higher as monitored current levels rise. AV = 10V/V • G2, G2 is the gain of op amp A2. 6100f 10 LT6100 U W U U APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO Noise Filtering The LT6100 provides signal filtering via pin FIL that is internally connected to the resistors RE and RO. This pin may be used to filter the input signal entering the LT6100’s internal op amp, and should be used when fast ripple current or transients flow through the sense resistor. High frequency signals above the 300kHz bandwidth of the LT6100’s internal amplifier will cause errors. A capacitor connected between FIL and VEE creates a single pole low pass filter with corner frequency: f –3dB = 1/(2πRFILC) where RFIL = 60k. A 220pF capacitor creates a pole at 12kHz, a good choice for many applications. Output Signal Range The LT6100’s output signal is developed by current through RG2 into output resistor RO. The current is VSENSE/RG2. The sense amplifier output, VO1, is buffered by the internal op amp so that connecting the output pins to other systems will preserve signal accuracy. For zero VSENSE, internal circuit saturation with loss of accuracy occurs at the minimum VOUT swing, 15mV above VEE. VOUT may swing positive to within 0.75V of VCC or a maximum of 36V, a limit set by internal junction breakdown. Within 1.5 Sense Input Signal Range The LT6100 has high CMRR over the wide input voltage range of 4.1V to 48V. The minimum operation voltage of the sense amplifier input is 1.4V above VCC. The output remains accurate even when the sense inputs are driven to 48V. Figure 2 shows that VOS changes very slightly over a wide input range. Furthermore, the sense inputs VS+ and VS– can collapse to zero volts without incurring any damage to the device. The LT6100 can handle differential sense voltages up to the voltage of the sense inputs supplies. For example, VS+ = 48V and VS– = 0V can be a valid condition in a current monitoring application (Figure 3) when an overload protection fuse is blown and VS– voltage collapses to ground. Under this condition, the output of the LT6100 goes to the positive rail, VOH. There is no phase inversion to cause an erroneous output signal. For the opposite case when VS+ collapse to ground with VS– held up at some higher voltage potential, the output will sit at VOL. If both inputs fall below the minimum CM voltage, VCC + 1.4V, the output is indeterminate but the LT6100 will not be damaged. TO LOAD VSENSE = 100mV VCC = 3V TA = 25°C 1.0 0.5 RSENSE FUSE 1 0 + VS 2 + –1.0 5V –1.5 3 –2.0 VS VCC C2 0.1µF A4 – –0.5 C1 0.1µF 8 – DC SOURCE 7 + INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE (mV) these constraints, an amplified, level shifted representation of the RSENSE voltage is developed at VOUT. The output is well behaved driving capacitive loads to 1000pF. FIL A2 6 –2.5 –3.0 4 –3.5 0 10 40 30 20 VS INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 50 OUT VEE 5 OUTPUT LT6100 6100 F03 6100 F02 Figure 2. VOS vs VS Input Voltage Figure 3. Current Monitoring of a Fuse Protected Circuit 6100f 11 LT6100 U W U U APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO Low Sense Voltage Operation Figure 4 shows the simplest circuit configuration in which the LT6100 may be used. While VOUT (output voltage) increases with positive sense current, at V SENSE = 0V, the LT6100’s buffered output can only swing as low as VOL = 15mV. The accuracy at small sense voltages can be improved by selecting higher gain. When gain of 50V/ V is selected, as shown in Figure 7, VOUT leaves the clipped region for a positive VSENSE greater than 1mV compared to 2.5mV for gain of 10V/V (see Figure 6). 1.6 TO LOAD RSENSE – + VS + A4 – 3 5V VS VCC C2 0.1µF 3V + 7 + 2 C1 0.1µF 8 FIL A2 6 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 1 VS = 4.4V TO 48V VCC = 3V AV = 10V/V TA = 25°C 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 4 OUT VEE 5 0 OUTPUT LT6100 0 30 60 120 90 SENSE VOLTAGE (VS+ – VS–) (mV) 6100 F04 6100 F05 Figure 5. Output Voltage vs VSENSE Figure 4. LT6100 Load Current Monitor 0.40 0.30 1.4 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.05 0 VS = 4.4V TO 48V VCC = 3V AV = 50V/V TA = 25°C 1.6 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 1.8 VS = 4.4V TO 48V VCC = 3V AV = 10V/V TA = 25°C 0.35 150 0.2 0 5 10 20 25 15 SENSE VOLTAGE (VS+ – VS–) (mV) 30 6100 F06 Figure 6. Expanded View of Output Voltage vs VSENSE, AV = 10V/V 0 0 10 15 5 20 25 SENSE VOLTAGE (VS+ – VS–) (mV) 30 6100 F07 Figure 7. Expanded View of Output Voltage vs VSENSE, AV = 50V/V 6100f 12 LT6100 U W U U APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO Power Down While Connected to a Battery This is due to the implementation of Linear Technology’s Over-The-Top® input topology at its front end. When powered down, the LT6100 inputs draw less than 1µA of current. Another unique benefit of the LT6100 is that you can leave it connected to a battery even when it is denied power. When the LT6100 loses power or is intentionally powered down, its inputs remain high impedance (see Figure 8). Over-The-Top is a registered trademark of Linear Technology Corporation. ISENSE RSENSE TO LOAD – LT6100 VS BATTERY 4.1V TO 48V – + POWER DOWN OK VCC 3V 0V INPUTS REMAIN Hi-Z + VS+ VCC FIL VOUT VEE A2 A4 6100 F08 Figure 8. Input Remains Hi-Z when LT6100 is Powered Down U TYPICAL APPLICATIO Adjust Gain Dynamically for Enhanced Range VDR+ ISENSE RSENSE TO LOAD FROM SOURCE VS+ 10Ω 1% VS– IHOTPLATE – + VCC 5V FIL VCC VEE MICRO-HOTPLATE BOSTON MICROSYSTEMS MHP100S-005 VOUT VEE A2 A4 6100 TA05 2N7002 0V (GAIN = 10) 5V 5V (GAIN = 50) VS+ + – – LT6100 VS 5V Micro-Hotplate Voltage and Current Monitor LT6100 A2 A4 5V M9 M3 M1 LT1991 P1 P3 P9 VDR– CURRENT MONITOR VOUT = 500mV/mA VOLTAGE MONITOR V + – VDR– VOUT = DR 10 6100 TA06 www.bostonmicrosystems.com 6100f 13 LT6100 U PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO DD Package 8-Lead Plastic DFN (3mm × 3mm) (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1698) 0.675 ±0.05 3.5 ±0.05 1.65 ±0.05 2.15 ±0.05 (2 SIDES) PACKAGE OUTLINE 0.25 ± 0.05 0.50 BSC 2.38 ±0.05 (2 SIDES) RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD PITCH AND DIMENSIONS R = 0.115 TYP 5 3.00 ±0.10 (4 SIDES) 0.38 ± 0.10 8 1.65 ± 0.10 (2 SIDES) PIN 1 TOP MARK (NOTE 6) (DD8) DFN 1203 0.200 REF 0.75 ±0.05 0.00 – 0.05 4 0.25 ± 0.05 1 0.50 BSC 2.38 ±0.10 (2 SIDES) BOTTOM VIEW—EXPOSED PAD NOTE: 1. DRAWING TO BE MADE A JEDEC PACKAGE OUTLINE M0-229 VARIATION OF (WEED-1) 2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE 3. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS 4. DIMENSIONS OF EXPOSED PAD ON BOTTOM OF PACKAGE DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH, IF PRESENT, SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.15mm ON ANY SIDE 5. EXPOSED PAD SHALL BE SOLDER PLATED 6. SHADED AREA IS ONLY A REFERENCE FOR PIN 1 LOCATION ON TOP AND BOTTOM OF PACKAGE 6100f 14 LT6100 U PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO MS8 Package 8-Lead Plastic MSOP (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1660) 0.889 ± 0.127 (.035 ± .005) 5.23 (.206) MIN 3.20 – 3.45 (.126 – .136) 0.42 ± 0.038 (.0165 ± .0015) TYP 3.00 ± 0.102 (.118 ± .004) (NOTE 3) 0.65 (.0256) BSC 8 7 6 5 0.52 (.0205) REF RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD LAYOUT 0.254 (.010) 3.00 ± 0.102 (.118 ± .004) (NOTE 4) 4.90 ± 0.152 (.193 ± .006) DETAIL “A” 0° – 6° TYP GAUGE PLANE 0.53 ± 0.152 (.021 ± .006) DETAIL “A” 1 2 3 4 1.10 (.043) MAX 0.86 (.034) REF 0.18 (.007) SEATING PLANE 0.22 – 0.38 (.009 – .015) TYP 0.65 (.0256) BSC 0.127 ± 0.076 (.005 ± .003) MSOP (MS8) 0204 NOTE: 1. DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETER/(INCH) 2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE 3. DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS. MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.152mm (.006") PER SIDE 4. DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS. INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.152mm (.006") PER SIDE 5. LEAD COPLANARITY (BOTTOM OF LEADS AFTER FORMING) SHALL BE 0.102mm (.004") MAX 6100f Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights. 15 LT6100 U TYPICAL APPLICATIO 800mA/1A White LED Current Regulator D2 LED L1 3µH VIN 3.3V TO 4.2V SINGLE Li-Ion VIN LED CURRENT WARNING! VERY BRIGHT DO NOT OBSERVE DIRECTLY D1 B130 0.030Ω GND 22µF 16V CER 1210 124k VC + – VOUT VEE MMBT2222 A4 OPEN: 1A CLOSED: 800mA 4.99k 6100 TA02 Filtered Gain of 20 Current Sense ISENSE RSENSE + LT6100 VS VS– + LT6100 VS LOAD VS– + VCC 5V FIL LOAD VCC FIL VOUT 20 • RSENSE • ISENSE 1000pF VEE RSENSE VSUPPLY 6.4V TO 48V – + 3V Gain of 50 Current Sense – ISENSE A2 0.1µF 8.2k D1: DIODES INC. D2: LUMILEDS LXML-PW09 WHITE EMITTER L1: SUMIDA CDRH6D28-3R0 VSUPPLY 4.4V TO 48V VS– VCC FB SHDN 4.7µF 6.3V CER LT6100 VSW LT3436 LED ON VS+ A2 A4 VEE 6100 TA03 A2 VOUT 50 • RSENSE • ISENSE A4 6100 TA04 –3dB AT 2.6kHz RELATED PARTS PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION COMMENTS LTC1043 Dual Precision Instrumentation Switched Capacitor Building Block 120dB CMRR, 3V to 18V Operation LT1490/LT1491 Dual and Quad Micropower Rail-to-Rail Input and Output Op Amps 50µA Amplifier, 2.7V to 40V Operation, Over-The-TopTM Inputs LT1620/LT1621 Rail-to-Rail Current Sense Amplifiers Accurate Output Current Programming, Battery Charging to 32V LT1787 Precision Bidirectional, High Side Current Sense Amplifier 75µV VOS, 60V, 60µA Operation LTC6101 High Voltage, High Side, Precision Current Sense Amplifier 4V to 60V, Gain Configurable, SOT-23 Over-The-Top is a trademark of Linear Technology Corporation. 6100f 16 Linear Technology Corporation LT/TP 0405 500 • PRINTED IN THE USA 1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417 (408) 432-1900 ● FAX: (408) 434-0507 ● www.linear.com © LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 2005