NJRC NJM3548TA2

NJM3548
UNIVERSAL SOURCE DRIVER
■ GENERAL DESCRIPTION
■ PACKAGE OUTLINE
NJM3548 is a bipolar universal high-current highly protected
high side driver with transparent input and 2000mA continuous
-current source capability. A low-level input activates the output.
The driver is equipped with extensive electrical protection,
such as over current protection and thermal protection, which
makes the device virtually indestructible.
Furthermore it can detect open circuit and short circuit to VCC.
A special feature is the Error indicating output function pin
which signals to the host system if the protection or the load
check functions is activated.
Typical loads are solenoids, relays or resistive loads.
The NJM3548 and NJM3545 are complementary drivers and
have similar data.
NJM3548TA2
■ FEATURES
•
2000mA continuous-output current
• Short circuit to ground protection
• Error signal to host system
• Open circuit detection
• Short circuit to VCC detection
• Thermal protection
• Built-in protection diodes
• Package
TO-220 (5-pin)
■ BLOCK DIAGRAM
NJM3548
Input
To logic
Voltage reference
Vcc
Thermal
protection
Q S
R
Error
Short-circuit to
GND protection
Output
h
Short-circuit to
Vcc detection
Open circuit
detection
GND
Figure 1. Block Diagram
NJM3548
NJM 3548TA2
■ PIN CONFIGURATION
5
4
3
2
1
Output
Supply
GND
Input
Error
Figure 2. Pin Configuration
■ PIN DESCRIPTION
TO-220
Symbol
Description
1
Error
Error indicating pin. Sinks current to ground if the protection and/or detection circuitry is
activated.
Note: the current must be externally limited to 8 mA.
2
Input
TTL compatible input. A HIGH input signal turns the output transistor off and a LOW
input turns it on. If the input is left open it will be detected as high level.
3
4
GND
Supply
Ground supply.
Supply voltage. Nominally 5 V to 40 V.
5
Output
Output pin. Current flows out from this pin through the load to GND. Nominal current is 8 mA
to 2 A.
NJM3548
Active Output
Output Voltage
Output Voltage
VCC
Short Circuit to VCC Error
VCC - 0.5 V
100% VCC
Undefined Area
VCC - 4.5 V
Short Circuit Protection
Undefined Area
Open Circuit
Normal
Operation
Undefined Area
Undefined Area
VCC - 1.3 V
VCC - 3.0 V
NJM3548
Inactive Output
Overload or Short Circuit to GND Error
I OMin
(min 2 mA, max 8 mA)
Short Circuit to VCC Error
50% VCC
Undefined Area
Output
Current
I OS
(min 2 A, max 4.5 A)
Figure 3. Error state vs. output voltage and output current, active output
(0V≤ VIN ≤ 0.8 V, 5 V < VCC < 40 V and -40°C <+TJ >+100°C)
30% VCC
Normal Operation
Figure 4. Error state vs. output
voltage, inactive output (2.0 V ≤ VIN
≤ VCC, 5 V ≤ VCC ≤ 40 V and -40°C
<TJ <+100°C)
NJM3548
■ FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The circuit NJM3548 is a high side driver capable of driving resistive or inductive loads not exceeding 2 A.
The driver has an error indicating function which generates an Error output signal when a fault condition has
occurred.
The circuits NJM3548 and NJM3545 are complementary drivers with equivalent functions and similar data.
NJM3548 is a source driver and NJM3545 is a sink driver.
Input stage
The output stage is switched on and off according to the status of the input. LOW level activates the output. If the
input is left open, the circuit will accept it as a HIGH level.
Output stage
The output stage contains a power transistor and two clamping diodes. The diodes are used for terminating line
transients from inductive loads. If the driver is inactive and the output is shorted to VCC the driver will leak a maximum of 8µA. See figure 18.
Protection circuitry
The circuit contains two protection circuits:
• Overload and Short circuit protection
• Thermal protection
The overload and short circuit protection will be activated at Iout= 3.5 A typically at TJ= +25°C, see figure 20.
The output will be turned off immediately and latched to a high-impedance state after an overload or short circuit
has been detected.
A logic-level change at the input will reset the internal error latch. If the fault still is present at turn-on, the circuit
Supply
4
I Ref
2
Input
Output
5
GND
3
3
GND
Figure 5. Input stage
Fault condition
Input
Figure 6. Output stage
Output
Error
How to resume normal operation
LOW=ERROR
HIGH=Normal
Normal
0
VOUT Short to VCC
ON
1 HIGH
1 HIGH
0 LOW
0 OFF
1 ON
1 HIGH
0 LOW
——
Remove fault condition.
VOUT Short to GND
1 HIGH
0 LOW
0 OFF
0 OFF
0
0
Remove fault condition.
Turn off and on after fault condition is removed.
Open load
1 HIGH
0 LOW
0 OFF
1 ON
1 HIGH
0 LOW
——
Attach proper load to output or turn off the driver.
Over temperature
1 HIGH
0 LOW
0 OFF
0 OFF
1 HIGH
0 LOW
——
Temperature is reduced to approx 120°C, or turn off the driver.
TJ=130 °C
1
0 OFF
1 HIGH
Figure 7. Error table
LOW
HIGH
1
LOW
LOW
——
——
NJM3548
will once again turn the output off.
Due to a slight delay in the circuit, a high current transient will occur when the output is shorted to GND. This
current transient may reach 8 A during 5 µs. Consequently, switching at high frequencies with a shorted output
may destroy the circuit. If a short circuit condition is detected, stop switching the input and remove fault condition.
Thermal protection
The output of NJM3548 is equipped with a thermal shut-down function, that turns the outputs off at a chip (junction)
tenperature above typically 130°C.
Normal operation is resumed when the temperature has decreased about 20C.
Error functions
The Error indicating signal occurs on a separate pin. The complete error table is shown in figure 7.
The following conditions generate an error signal:
When the driver is activated and at least one of the following conditions has occurred:
• thermal overload
• short circuit to GND
• short circuit to VCC
• open circuit
An output current less than 8 mA might be detected as “open circuit”. Output currents larger than 8 mA and less
than 2 A will definitely not generate an error. The normal operational area is shown in figure 3.
Also when the driver is inactivated an Error indication can occur. That is if the output is shorted to VCC. In figure 4
short circuit to VCC Error state versus output voltage is shown.
When the Error-detection function is activated, the Error output is capable of sinking 8 mA, supporting direct
connection of an LED. The current has to be externally limited by a series resistor.
Signal diagrams
The signal diagram in figure 8 shows the input signal and the resulting output signals for each error mode. For
details, see error table, figure 7.
VIn = Input voltage. Active = LOW.
VOut = Output voltage.
IOut = Output current from driver.
VErr = Error output voltage. Error = LOW.
VIN
VOUT
I OUT
VErr
>130° <120°
Normal
operation
Figure 8. Signal diagram
Overload or Short circuit Open circuit
short circuit to VCC
to GND
Over
temperature
NJM3548
■ ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Parameter
Pin no.
Symbol
Min
Max
Unit
Voltage
Supply voltage
1
VCC
0
45
V
Logic input voltage
5
VIn
-0.3
VCC
V
Logic input current
Continuous DC Operation output current TO-220
5
2
IIn
IOut
-10
2000
-
mA
mA
Error output current
Temperature
4
IErr
-
10
mA
Operating junction temperature (internally limited)
Storage temperature
Tj
TStg
-40
-55
+140
+150
°C
°C
Power Dissipation (Package Data)
Power dissipation at TCase = 85°C, TO-220 package
PD
-
11
W
2000
-
V
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Current
ESD
ESD tolerance (Note 2)
■ RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
Parameter
Symbol
Supply voltage
VCC
4.75
-
40
V
Output current, TO-220 package
IOut
-2000
-
-
mA
Operating junction temperature
Tj
-40
-
+100
°C
Error output current
IErr
-
5
8
mA
Supply
voltage
ON
I CC
High
Input level
Low
Supply
I In I IH I IL
VIn
NJM3548
VCC
VCE Sat
90 %
VCC
Output voltage
Input
50 %
10 %
VIH
V IL
50 %
I Err
t of
I Out I OS
I OMin I OL
Fault
Detector
t phl
OFF
Error
Output
High
+
Input level
Low
C1
VSat Err
GND
50 %
Load
VCC
90 %
Output voltage
50 %
10 %
t or
t plh
Figure 9. Definition of symbols
Figure 10. Timing diagram, input
vs. output. VCC = 24V
NJM3548
■ ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
At 5 V ≤ VCC ≤ 40 V, -40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +100°C. Typical values are given at VCC = 24 V, TJ = 25°C.
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
1.5
-
4
+130
7
-
mA
°C
-4
VCC
0.8
20
-
V
V
µA
µA
General
Supply currrent
Thermal shutdown
ICC
TJS
Logic input
High level input voltage
Low level input voltage
High level input current
Low level input current
VIH
VIL
IIH
IIH
2.0 ≤ VIN ≤ VCC
0 ≤ VIN ≤ 0.8
2.0
-0.3
-400
VErr SAT
VCE SAT
IOS
IOMIN
IErr = 5 mA
IOUT = -2 A
0 ≤ VIN ≤ 0.8 V
0 ≤ VIN ≤ 0.8 V
-5.0
-8
0.2
1.9
-3.5
-3
1
2.4
-2.0
-1
V
V
A
mA
-2
-
-6
1.5
-8
1.8
µA
V
-
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.2
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.4
µs
µs
µs
µs
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Outputs
Error output saturation voltage
Output saturation voltage
Output current shutdown
Output current
(not detected as open circuit)
Output leakage current
Clamping diode forward voltage
IOL
Timing
Propagation time
Output low to high (50%),
Output high to low (50%),
Rise time (10 to 90%),
Fall time (90 to 10%),
2.0 ≤ VIN ≤ VCC
2.0 ≤ VIN ≤ VCC. Output = VCC
IF = 2.0 A
IOUT = - 2 A
tplh
tphl
tor
tof
■ THERMAL CHARATERISTICS
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
Thermal resistance
Rth J-C
TO-220 package, junction to case
-
5
-
°C/W
Rth J-A
TO-220 package, junction to ambient
-
60
-
°C/W
Notes:
1. Currents are defined positive if flowing into, and negative if flowing out of a terminal. Voltages are defined
between terminal and ground.
2. ESD testing according to Human Body Model (CZap = 100 pF, RZap = 1500 Ω)
NJM3548
■ APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Important application areas are:
• Programmable logic control systems.
• Relay control.
• Hydraulic valves.
• Intelligent interfaces between microprocessors and loads.
• Robot techniques.
• Print head drivers.
• High-current stepper motor drivers.
Transient protection
1. Keep VCC and GND leads as short as possible. Use different supplies if possible.
2. Connect a filter capacitor close to the circuit. Recommended filter capacitor between VCC and GND is 6.8 µF, of
tantalum type. A ceramic capacitor in parallel will improve high frequency decoupling. Typical values range from
0.002 µF to 0.1 µF. In an application having a highly stable supply and short power leads to the driver a low
leakage electrolytic type can be used, which is less expensive.
3. Connect Input and Error via pull-up resistors to the appropriate logic supply level or VCC to obtain highest noise
immunity. See figure 11. The resistor R1 limits the current into the Error indicating pin. This current must not
exceed 8 mA. R2 is a pull-up resistor which improves noise immunity at the Input. Pull-up current should not
exceed the sinking capacity of the controlling device output.
4. If several supply voltages are to be used, prefer a supply having separate ground leads. In this case the logic
ground and the power ground should be connected together at only one point, the ground pin of the driver.
Switch mode applications
The internal diodes are normally sufficient for clamping of transients caused by inductive load turn off. External
diodes may be necessary in PWM/switch mode applications, and when the terminals are externally accessible and
thereby exposed to an electrically noisy environment. Recommended diodes are BYV27/100, BYV98/100, UF4001
or similar types with a trr < 100 ns and IF ≥ 1 A.
Error indication signal
When the circuit is switched on/off, a short pulse (tErr <10 µS for resistive loads) is generated at the Error output.
This is a correct detection of an incorrect level during the rise and fall times of the output voltage. Consequently the
Error output should not be detected when switching on and off. An alternative is to low-pass filter at the Error output
at around 100 kHz.
Heat sinking
NJM3548TA2 is packaged in a 5-pin TO 220 power package. The circuit GND is connected to the heat sink tab.
External heatsinking is achieved by mounting the package to a heat sink.
NJM3548
+ 5V
R1
5 kΩ
R2
To logic
NJM3548
2
Voltage reference
Supply voltage
+45 V max.
4
Vcc
Input
TTL,
LS-TTL,
CMOS
+
Thermal
protection
µP,
controller
Q S
R
Error
1
Short-circuit to
GND protection
6.8 µF
5
Output
h
Short-circuit to
Vcc detection
Load
Open circuit
detection
3
GND
Figure 11. Typical application. Pin numbers refer to TO 220 package
Maximum allowable power dissipation [W]
TO 220 Package
6
5
b
c
4
*
3
a
2
1
0
-40
-20
0
20 40 60 80
Temperature [°C]
100 120 140
a. Ambient temperature. No heatsink. RthJ-A =60°C/W.
b. Mounted on heatsink. Rth J-A =20°C/W @ 4W.
c. Case temperature. Rth J-C =5°C/W.
Figure 12. Maximum allowable power
dissipation. TO 220 package
NJM3548
■ TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
I cc (mA)
I IN (µA)
I F (A)
4
2.0
10
-40°C < T J < 100°C
-40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 100°C
T J = 25°C
8
1.6
2
6
1.2
0
0.8
4
0.4
913032
2
0
-2
0
10
20
30
40
Vcc (V)
0
-4
0
0.4
0.8
50
Figure 13. Current consumption vs.
supply voltage at 2 V ≤ Vin ≤ VCCV
(Inactive output)
1.2
1.6
2.0
-6
VF (V)
Figure 14. Diode forward voltage drop
vs. forward current
20
15
3
30
10
2
20
5
1
10
2
4
6
8
10
0
1.0
1.4
1.8
VERR(V)
2.2
2.6
0
3.0
-40°C ≤ T j ≤ 0°C
0
10
20
30
40
VCC (V)
VCE SAT (V)
Figure 16. Error output saturation
voltage vs. error current. VCC = 24 V
2.5
0°C ≤ T j ≤ 100°C
40
0
2.0
50
4
0
1.5
I OL (µA)
T J = 25°C
T J = 25°C
1.0
Figure 15. Input current vs. input
voltage.5 V ≤ VCC ≤ 40 V
5
25
0.5
VIN (V)
I OUT (A)
I ERR (mA)
0
Figure 17. Output saturation voltage vs.
output current. 5 V < VCC < 40 V
50
Figure 18. Output leakage current vs.
supply voltage. 2.0 V ≤ VIN ≤ VCC
Output = VCC
I OS (A)
PDIS (W)
6
-5
5
-4
4
-3
3
-2
2
-1
1
0
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
I Out (A)
2.0
2.5
3.0
Figure 19. Power dissipation vs. output
current.
0
-40
-20
0
20
40
TJ (°C)
60
80
100
120
Figure 20. Output current shut-down vs. chip temperature. 5 V ≤ VCC ≤ 40 V
The specifications on this databook are only
given for information , without any guarantee
as regards either mistakes or omissions.
The application circuits in this databook are
described only to show representative
usages of the product and not intended for
the guarantee or permission of any right
including the industrial rights.