SC2602L Synchronous Voltage Mode Controller for Distributed Power Supply POWER MANAGEMENT Description Features The SC2602L is low-cost, full featured, synchronous voltage-mode controller designed for use in single ended power supply applications where efficiency is of primary concern. Synchronous operation allows for the elimination of heat sinks in many applications. The SC2602L is ideal for implementing DC/DC converters needed to power advanced microprocessors in low cost systems, or in distributed power applications where efficiency is important. Internal level-shift, high-side drive circuitry, and preset shoot-through control, allows the use of inexpensive N-channel power MOSFETs. Synchronous operation for high efficiency (95%) R DS(ON) current sensing Output voltage can be programmed as low as 0.8V On-chip power good and OVP functions Small size with minimum external components Soft Start Enable function SO-14 package is fully WEEE and RoHS compliant Applications Microprocessor core supply Low cost synchronous applications Voltage Regulator Modules (VRM) DDR termination supplies Networking power supplies Sequenced power supplies SC2602L features include temperature compensated voltage reference, triangle wave oscillator and current sense comparator circuitry. Power good signaling, shutdown, and over voltage protection are also provided. The SC2602L operates at a fixed 200kHz which is for optimum compromise between efficiency, external component size, and cost. Two SC2602L can be used together to sequence two voltage regulators for power up in telecom systems. The power good of the first SC2602L connected to the enable of the second SC2602L makes this possible. Typical Application Circuit V_pullup 5V IN R1 R3 R2 C1 + C3 U1 C5 C6 1 2 3 PWRGD R4 4 5 OVP 6 D1 7 GND C4 VCC GND PWRGD SS/SHDN OVP C2 COMP OCSET SENSE PHASE BSTH DH BSTL PGND DL 14 SS/SHDN 13 12 11 R5 C7 Q1 10 L1 12V IN 9 C8 Q2 2.5V OUT R6 8 SC2602L + C10 C9 R7 GND R8 Figure 1. Typical distributed power supply Revision: January 05, 2006 1 www.semtech.com SC2602L POWER MANAGEMENT Absolute Maximum Ratings Exceeding the specifications below may result in permanent damage to the device, or device malfunction. Operation outside of the parameters specified in the Electrical Characteristics section is not implied. Exposure to Absolute Maximum rated conditions for extended periods of time may affect device reliability. Parameter Symbol Maximum Units VIN -1.0 to 16 (20V Surge) V ± 0.5 V PHASE to GND(1) -0.5 to 18 (20V Surge) V BST H to PHASE 16 (20V Surge) V VCC, BST L to GND PGND to GND T hermal Resistance Junction to Case θJC 45 °C/W T hermal Resistance Junction to Ambient θJ A 115 °C/W Operating T emperature Range T A -40 to +85 °C Maximum Junction T emperature T J 125 °C ST G -65 to +150 °C LE A D 300 °C 2 kV Storage T emperature Range T Lead T emperature (Soldering) 10 Sec. T ESD Rating (Human Body Model) ESD Note: (1) -1.5V to 20V for 25ns repetitive every cycle. Electrical Characteristics Unless specified: VCC = 4.75V to 12.6V; GND = PGND = 0V; VBSTL = 12V; VBSTH-PHASE = 12V; TJ = 25oC Parameter C onditions Min Typ Max U nits Supply Voltage V CC 4.2 12.6 V Supply C urrent E N = V CC 6 10 mA Li ne Regulati on VO = 2.5V 0.5 % 1.8 mS 50 dB Pow er Supply Error Amplifier T ransconductance G m Gai n (AOL) Input Bi as 5 8 µA Oscillator Osci llator Frequency Osci llator Max D uty C ycle 90 Internal Ramp Peak to Peak 200 kHz 95 % 1 V MOSFET D rivers D H Source/Si nk BST H - D H = 4.5V, D H - PHASE = 2V 1 A D L Source/Si nk BST L - D L = 4.5V. D L - PGND . = 2V 1 A 2005 Semtech Corp. 2 www.semtech.com SC2602L POWER MANAGEMENT Electrical Characteristics (Cont.) Unless specified: VCC = 4.75V to 12.6V; GND = PGND = 0V; VBSTL = 12V; VBSTH-PHASE = 12V; TJ = 25oC Parameter C onditions Min Typ Max U nits PR OTEC TION OVP T hreshold Voltage OVP Source C urrent 20 VOVP = 3V % 10 mA Power Good T hreshold 88 112 % D ead T i me 45 100 nS 2.0V < VOCSET < 12V 180 200 220 µA 0OC to 70OC 0.792 0.8 0.808 V C harge C urrent VSS = 1.5V 8.0 10 12 µA D i scharge C urrent VSS = 1.5V Over C urrent Set (Isi nk) R eference Reference Voltage Soft Start 1.5 µA Pow er Good Si nk C urrent C apabi li ty Si nk 1mA 0.4 V S hut D ow n Shut D own T hreshold 0.6 V Note: (1) Specification refers to application circuit (Figure 1). 2005 Semtech Corp. 3 www.semtech.com SC2602L POWER MANAGEMENT Pin Configuration Ordering Information Top View VCC PWRGD OVP OCSET PHASE Device(2) Frequency Package(1) GND SC2602LST RT 200kHz SO-14 SS / SHDN COMP S C 2602LE V B Notes: (1) Only available in tape and reel packaging. A reel contains 2500 devices. (2) Lead free product. This product is fully WEEE and RoHS compliant. SENSE BSTH DH BSTL PGND Evaluation Board DL (14-Pin SOIC) Pin Descriptions Pin # Pin Name 1 VC C 2 PWRGD 3 OVP 4 OCSET Set the converter over current trip point. 5 PHASE Input from the phase node between the MOSFET s. 6 DH 7 PGND 8 DL 9 BST L Bootstrap, low side driver. 10 BST H Bootstrap, high side driver. 11 SENSE Voltage sense input. 12 COMP Compensation pin. 13 SS/SHDN 14 GND Pin Function Chip supply voltage. Open collector output. Logic high indicates correct ouput voltage. Over voltage protection output. Source at least 10mA when Vsense > 1.2 * VBG. High side driver output. Power ground. Low side driver output. Gate Drive return Ground for the 1.5V GMCH regulator. Connect to Source of bottom FET . Signal ground. Note: (1) All logic level inputs and outputs are open collector TTL compatible. 2005 Semtech Corp. 4 www.semtech.com SC2602L POWER MANAGEMENT Block Diagram VCC 200uA Vbg Over Current +10% Under Voltage -10% PWRGD OCSET 0.8V +20% VCC Oscillator OVP One Shot Error Amp SENSE PWM Vbg DRVH BSTH COMP DH S VCC Cross Current Control 0.8V R QB 10uA SS/SHDN GND Fault 1.5uA BSTL DRVL 0.6V PHASE DL PGND Theory of Operation Synchronous Buck Converter The output rail is regulated by a synchronous, voltagemode pulse width modulated (PWM) controller. This section has all the features required to build a high efficiency synchronous buck converter, including “Power Good” flag, shut-down, and cycle-by-cycle current limit. As SENSE increases, the output voltage of the error amplifier decreases. This causes a reduction in the ontime of the high-side MOSFET connected to DH, hence lowering the output voltage. Under Voltage Lockout The under voltage lockout circuit of the SC2602L assures that the high-side MOSFET driver outputs remain in the off state whenever the supply voltage drops below set parameters. Lockout occurs if VCC falls below 4.1V. Normal operation resumes once VCC rises above 4.2V. The output voltage of the synchronous converter is set and controlled by the output of the error amplifier. The external resistive divider reference voltage is derived from an internal trimmed-bandgap voltage reference (See Fig. 1). The inverting input of the error amplifier receives its voltage from the SENSE pin. Over-Voltage Protection The over-voltage protection pin (OVP) is high only when the voltage at SENSE is 20% higher than the target value programmed by the external resistor divider. The OVP pin is internally connected to a PNP’s collector. The internal oscillator uses an on-chip capacitor and trimmed precision current sources to set the oscillation frequency to 200kHz. The triangular output of the oscillator sets the reference voltage at the inverting input of the comparator. The non-inverting input of the comparator receives it’s input voltage from the error amplifier. When the oscillator output voltage drops below the error amplifier output voltage, the comparator output goes high. This pulls DL low, turning off the low-side FET, and DH is pulled high, turning on the high-side FET (once the cross-current control allows it). When the oscillator voltage rises back above the error amplifier output voltage, the comparator output goes low. This pulls DH low, turning off the high-side FET, and DL is pulled high, turning on the low-side FET (once the cross-current control allows it). 2005 Semtech Corp. Power Good The power good function is to confirm that the regulator outputs are within +/-10% of the programmed level. PWRGD remains high as long as this condition is met. PWRGD is connected to an internal open collector NPN transistor. 5 www.semtech.com SC2602L POWER MANAGEMENT Applications Information (Cont.) Soft Start Initially, SS/SHDN sources 10µA of current to charge an external capacitor. The outputs of the error amplifiers are clamped to a voltage proportional to the voltage on SS/SHDN. This limits the on-time of the high-side MOSFETs, thus leading to a controlled ramp-up of the output voltages. An over-current condition occurs when the high-side drive is turned on, but the PHASE node does not reach the voltage level set at the OCSET pin. The PHASE node is sampled only once per cycle during the valley of the triangular oscillator. Once an over-current occurs, the highside drive is turned off and the low-side drive turns on and the SS/SHDN pin begins to sink 1.5µA. The softstart voltage will begin to decrease as the 1.5µA of current discharges the external capacitor. When the softstart voltage reaches 0.8V, the SS/SHDN pin will begin to source 10µA and begin to charge the external capacitor causing the soft-start voltage to rise again. Again, when the soft-start voltage reaches the level of the internal oscillator, switching will occur. R DS(ON) Current Limiting The current limit threshold is set by connecting an external resistor from the VCC supply to OCSET. The voltage drop across this resistor is due to the 200µA internal sink sets the voltage at the pin. This voltage is compared to the voltage at the PHASE node. This comparison is made only when the high-side drive is high to avoid false current limit triggering due to uncontributing measurements from the MOSFETs off-voltage. When the voltage at PHASE is less than the voltage at OCSET, an overcurrent condition occurs and the soft start cycle is initiated. The synchronous switch turns off and SS/ SHDN starts to sink 1.5µA. When SS/SHDN reaches 0.8V, it then starts to source 10µA and a new cycle begins. If the over-current condition is no longer present, normal operation will continue. If the over-current condition is still present, the SS/SHDN pin will again begin to sink 1.5µA. This cycle will continue indefinitely until the overcurrent condition is removed. In conclusion, below is shown a typical “12V Application Circuit” which has a BSTH voltage derived by bootstrapping input voltage to the PHASE node through diode D1. This circuit is very useful in cases where only input power of 12V is available. Hiccup Mode During power up, the SS/SHDN pin is internally pulled low until VCC reaches the undervoltage lockout level of 4.2V. Once VCC has reached 4.2V, the SS/SHDN pin is released and begins to source 10µA of current to the external soft-start capacitor. As the soft-start voltage rises, the output of the internal error amplifier is clamped to this voltage. When the error signal reaches the level of the internal triangular oscillator, which swings from 1V to 2V at a fixed frequency of 200kHz, switching occurs. As the error signal crosses over the oscillator signal, the duty cycle of the PWM signal continues to increase until the output comes into regulation. If an overcurrent condition has not occurred the soft-start voltage will continue to rise and level off at about 2.2V. 2005 Semtech Corp. In order to prevent substrate glitching, a small-signal diode should be placed in close proximity to the chip with cathode connected to PHASE and anode connected to PGND. 6 www.semtech.com SC2602L POWER MANAGEMENT Application Circuit Typical 12V Application Circuit with Bootstrapped BSTH +5V R2 C1 12V IN R3 C2 0.1u C4 10 1.0u C5 PWRGD C6 C7 0.1u 1.0u U1 1 2 3 R4 1K 4 OVP 5 6 D2 7 1N4148 VCC PWRGD SS/SHDN COMP OCSET SENSE PHASE BSTH DH 10u 0.1u GND OVP D1 1N1418 BSTL PGND DL 14 + C3 13 C8 1.0u R5 C9 9.6K 36n 12 11 Q1 L1 10 4uH 9 Q2 R7 2005 Semtech Corp. 3.3V OUT R6 8 SC2602L R8 GND SS/SHDN 2.2 7 C11 + C10 10u 1200u/6.3V 1.74K 5K 820u/16V R1 GND www.semtech.com SC2602L POWER MANAGEMENT Typical Characteristics Output Ripple Voltage Ch1: Vo_rpl Gate Drive Waveforms Ch1: Top FET Ch2: Bottom FET 1. VIN = 5V; VO = 3.3V; IOUT = 12A PIN Descriptions Ch1: Vo_rpl 2. VIN = 5V; VOUT = 1.3V; IOUT = 12A 2005 Semtech Corp. Ch1: o T p FET Ch2: Bottom FET 8 www.semtech.com SC2602L POWER MANAGEMENT Typical Characteristics (Cont.) Ch1: Vo_rpl 2. VIN = 5V; VOUT = 1.3V; IOUT = 12A 2005 Semtech Corp. Ch1: Top FET Ch2: Bottom FET 9 www.semtech.com SC2602L POWER MANAGEMENT Typical Characteristics (Cont.) Hiccup Mode Ch1: Ch2: Ch3: Ch4: Vin Vss Top Gate Vout Vin = 5V Vout = 3.3V Vbst = 12V Iout = S.C. Start Up Mode Ch1: Vin Ch2: Vss Ch3: Top Gate Ch4: Vout Vin = 5V Vout = 3.3V Iout = 2A Vbst = 12V 2005 Semtech Corp. 10 www.semtech.com SC2602L POWER MANAGEMENT Gpwm L EA R1 R Vbg 1.25Vdc 0.5Vdc 0.8Vdc The task here is to properly choose the compensation network for a nicely shaped loop-gain Bode plot. The following design procedures are recommended to accomplish the goal: Rc Vin (1) Calculate the corner frequency of the output filter: Ro Co C R2 F o := Fig. 2. SC2602L small signal model. The control model of SC2602L control loop small signal can be depicted in Fig. 2. This model can also be used in SPICE kind of simulator to generate loop gain Bode plots. The bandgap reference is 0.8V and trimmed to +/-1% accuracy. The desired output voltage can be achieved by setting the resistive divider network, R1 and R2. The error amplifier is transconductance type with fixed gain of: Gm 1.8. mA V The compensation network includes a resistor and a capacitor in series, which terminates from the output of the error amplifier to the ground. This device uses voltage mode control with input voltage feed forward. The peak-to-peak ramp voltage is proportional to the input voltage, which results in an excellent performance to reject input voltage variation. The PWM gain is inversion of the ramp amplitude, and this gain is given by: G pwm 1 V ramp where the ramp amplitude (peak-to-peak) is 1.0 volts when input voltage is 12 volts. The total control loop-gain can then be derived as follows: T( s) T o. 1 s. R. C . s. R. C L Ro 2 s . L. C o. 1 F esr := 1 2⋅ π⋅ R c⋅ C o (3) Check that the ESR zero frequency is not too high. F esr < F sw 5 If this condition is not met, the compensation structure may not provide loop stability. The solution is to add some electrolytic capacitors to the output capacitor bank to correct the output filter corner frequency and the ESR zero frequency. In some cases, the filter inductance may also need to be adjusted to shift the filter corner frequency. It is not recommended to use only high frequency multi-layer ceramic capacitors for output filter. (4) Choose the loop gain cross over frequency (0 dB frequency). It is recommended that the crossover frequency is always less than one fifth of the switching frequency : F F x_over ≤ sw 5 If the transient specification is not stringent, it is better to choose a crossover frequency that is less than one tenth of the switching frequency for good noise immunity. The resistor in the compensation network can then be calculated as: 2 F esr F x_over V o R := ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ G pwm ⋅ V in⋅ G m F o F esr V bg 1 Rc Ro when F o < F esr < F x_over V bg T o := G m⋅ G pwm ⋅ V in⋅ R⋅ Vo 2005 Semtech Corp. 2⋅ π⋅ L⋅ C o (2) Calculate the ESR zero frequency of the output filter capacitor: 1 s. R c . C o 1 s. R c . C o 1 11 www.semtech.com SC2602L POWER MANAGEMENT Applications Information (Cont.) Step 1. Output filter corner frequency or F o = 2.516 KHz R := 2 1 G pwm ⋅ V in⋅ G m F o F x_over V o ⋅ ⋅ F esr F o V bg ⋅ when F esr < F o < F x_over Step 2. ESR zero frequency: F esr = 7.958 KHz Step 3. Check the following condition: (5) The compensation capacitor is determined by choosing the compensator zero to be about one fifth of the output filter corner frequency: 5 Step 4. Choose crossover frequency and calculate compensator R: 5 1 . . . 2 π R F C F sw Which is satisfied in this case. F o F zero F esr < F x_over = 20 KHz zero (6) The final step is to generate the Bode plot, either by using the simulation model in Fig. 2 or using the equations provided here with Mathcad. The phase margin can then be checked using the Bode plot. Usually, this design procedure ensures a healthy phase margin. (7) An additional capacitor should be reserved at the compensation pin to ground to have another high frequency pole. An example is given below to demonstrate the procedure introduced above. The parameters of the power supply are given as : R = 4.8 KΩ Step 5. Calculate the compensator C: C = 65.886 nF Step 6. Generate Bode plot and check the phase margin. In this case, the phase margin is about 85oC that ensures the loop stability. The parameters of the power supply are given as : V in 12. V Vo 3.3. V 12. A Io 200. KHz F sw L 4 . µH Co 1200. µF Rc 0.02. Ω 0.8. V V bg V ramp Gm 2005 Semtech Corp. 1 .V 1.8. mA V 12 www.semtech.com SC2602L POWER MANAGEMENT Applications Information (Cont.) Loop Gain Mag (dB) 100 mag( i ) 50 0 50 0.01 0.1 1 10 F 100 3 1 .10 100 1 .10 i kHz Loop Gain Phase (Degree) 0 45 phase( i ) 90 135 180 0.01 0.1 1 10 F 3 i kHz Bode plot of the control loop 2005 Semtech Corp. 13 www.semtech.com SC2602L POWER MANAGEMENT Outline Drawing - S0-14 A DIM D e 2X E/2 E1 E ccc C 2X N/2 TIPS 1 2 .053 .069 .004 .010 .049 .065 .012 .020 .007 .010 .337 .341 .344 .150 .154 .157 .236 BSC .050 BSC .010 .020 .016 .028 .041 (.041) 14 0° 8° .004 .010 .008 A A1 A2 b c D E1 E e h L L1 N 01 aaa bbb ccc N 3 B D DIMENSIONS INCHES MILLIMETERS MIN NOM MAX MIN NOM MAX 1.35 1.75 0.10 0.25 1.25 1.65 0.31 0.51 0.17 0.25 8.55 8.65 8.75 3.80 3.90 4.00 6.00 BSC 1.27 BSC 0.25 0.50 0.40 0.72 1.04 (1.04) 14 0° 8° 0.10 0.25 0.20 aaa C h A2 A SEATING PLANE C h A1 bxN bbb H C A-B D c GAGE PLANE 0.25 L (L1) A SEE DETAIL DETAIL SIDE VIEW 01 A NOTES: 1. CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS (ANGLES IN DEGREES). 2. DATUMS -A- AND -B- TO BE DETERMINED AT DATUM PLANE -H- 3. DIMENSIONS "E1" AND "D" DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS. 4. REFERENCE JEDEC STD MS-012, VARIATION AB. Land Pattern - S0-14 X DIM (C) G C G P X Y Z Z Y DIMENSIONS INCHES MILLIMETERS (.205) .118 .050 .024 .087 .291 (5.20) 3.00 1.27 0.60 2.20 7.40 P NOTES: 1. THIS LAND PATTERN IS FOR REFERENCE PURPOSES ONLY. CONSULT YOUR MANUFACTURING GROUP TO ENSURE YOUR COMPANY'S MANUFACTURING GUIDELINES ARE MET. 2. REFERENCE IPC-SM-782A, RLP NO. 302A. Contact Information Semtech Corporation Power Management Products Division 200 Flynn Road, Camarillo, CA 93012 Phone: (805)498-2111 FAX (805)498-3804 2005 Semtech Corp. 14 www.semtech.com