SY89538L 3.3V, Precision LVPECL and LVDS Programmable Multiple Output Bank Clock Synthesizer and Fanout Buffer with Zero Delay General Description The SY89538L integrated programmable clock synthesizer and fanout is part of a precision PLLbased clock generation family optimized for enterprise switch, router, and multiprocessor server applications. This family is ideal for generating internal system timing requirements up to 750MHz for multiple ASICs, FPGAs, and NPUs. These devices integrate the following blocks into a single monolithic IC: • PLL (Phase-Lock-Loop) based synthesizer • Zero-delay MUX and feedback capability • 1:4 LVPECL fanout • 1:3 LVDS fanout • Clock generator (dividers) • Logic translation (LVPECL, LVDS) • Five-independently programmable output banks This level of integration minimizes additive jitter and part-to-part skew associated with discrete alternatives, resulting in superior system-level timing with reduced board space and power. For applications that do not require a zero-delay function, see the SY89537L. All support documentation can be found on Micrel’s web site at: www.micrel.com. Applications • Enterprise routers, switches, servers and workstations • Parallel processor-based systems • Internal system clock generation for ASICs, NPUs and FPGAs Markets Precision Edge® Features • Integrated programmable synthesizer with multiple output dividers, fanout buffers, and clock drivers • Zero-delay capability: 29.375MHz to 756MHz • Reference clock input: 9.325MHz to 756MHz • Input MUX accepts a reference and a crystal (XTAL) source – Ideal for reference backup clock source or system test frequency source – Patent-pending unique input MUX isolates XTAL and reference inputs which minimizes crosstalk • Guaranteed AC performance: – Output frequency range: 29.375MHz to 756MHz – <150psPP total jitter – <6psRMS cycle-to-cycle jitter (XTAL Input) – <8psPP deterministic jitter – <0.7psRMS crosstalk induced jitter – <75ps output-to-output skew • TTL/CMOS-compatible control logic • Five-independently programmable output frequency banks: – Four differential LVPECL output banks – One differential LVDS output bank with three output pairs • Output bank synchronization control pin • Output enable • 3.3V ±10% power supply (2.5V output capable) • Guaranteed over the industrial temperature range (-40°C to +85°C) • Available in a 64-pin EPAD-TQFP • LAN/WAN • Enterprise servers • Test and measurement Precision Edge is a registered trademark of Micrel, Inc. MLF and MicroLeadFrame are registered trademarks of Amkor Technology. Micrel Inc. • 2180 Fortune Drive • San Jose, CA 95131 • USA • tel +1 (408) 944-0800 • fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 • http://www.micrel.com January 2008 M9999-010808-E [email protected] or (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. SY89538L Typical Application Functional Block Diagram January 2008 2 M9999-010808-E [email protected] or (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. SY89538L Ordering Information(1) Lead Finish Part Number Package Type Operating Range Package Marking SY89538LHY H64-1 Industrial SY89538LHY with Pb-Free bar-line indicator Matte-Sn Pb-Free SY89538LHYTR(2) H64-1 Industrial SY89538LHY with Pb-Free bar-line indicator Matte-Sn Pb-Free SY89538LHZ H64-1 Commercial SY89538LHZ with Pb-Free bar-line indicator Matte-Sn Pb-Free SY89538LHZTR(2) H64-1 Commercial SY89538LHZ with Pb-Free bar-line indicator Matte-Sn Pb-Free Notes: 1. Contact factory for die availability. Dice are guaranteed at TA = 25°C, DC Electricals only. 2. Tape and Reel. Pin Configuration 64-Pin EPAD TQFP (H64-1) January 2008 3 M9999-010808-E [email protected] or (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. SY89538L Pin Description Power Pin Number Pin Name 1 VCCA 6, 56 VCCD Pin Function Analog PLL Power Pin. Connects to “quiet” 3.3V supply. 3.3V power pins must be connected together on the PCB. Bypass with 0.1µF//0.01µF low ESR capacitors and place them as close to the VCCA pin as possible. Digital Logic Core Power Pin. VCCD connects to a 3.3V supply. All power pins must be connected together on the PCB. Bypass with 0.1µF//0.01µF low ESR capacitors and place them as close to the VCCD pin as possible. 19, 40, 43, 51 VCCO LVDS and LVPECL Output Driver Power Pins. These outputs can be powered from a 2.5V or 3.3V supply. Connect all VCCO pins to the same power supply: 3.3V ±10% or 2.5V ±5%. All power pins must be connected together on the PCB. Bypass with 0.1µF//0.01µF low ESR capacitor and place them as close to the VCCO pin as possible. 15 GNDA Analog PLL Ground. Connect to “quiet” ground. GNDA and GND must be connected together on the PCB. 16, 30, 31, 47, 55 GND, Exposed Pad Ground: GND pins and exposed pad must both be connected to the same ground plane. Control and Configuration Pin Number Pin Name 62 LR Analog Input/Output. Provides the reference voltage for the PLL loop filter and is used with the LF pin. See “External Loop Filter Considerations” for recommended loop filter values. 63 LF Analog Input/Output. Provides the loop filter node for the PLL. See “External Loop Filter Considerations” for recommended loop filter values. 2, 7 RSEL1, RSEL0 10 INSEL TTL/CMOS Input Select Control. Selects either XTAL or Reference (RFCK) input. Internal 25kΩ pull-up. The default is logic HIGH, and selects the XTAL input. The threshold voltage VTH = VCC/2. Logic HIGH: XTAL Select Logic LOW: Reference Input Select 36 LSEL TTL/CMOS input select control signal for the LVDS LOUT0-LOUT2 outputs. LSEL, DSEL, and LEN are used together to decode the selection and post divider of the LVDS outputs. Internal 25kΩ pull-up. See “LVDS Output Post-Divider and Frequency Select Table” for proper decoding. The threshold voltage VTH = VCC/2. The default logic is HIGH. 37 LEN TTL/CMOS input enable pin. Used to control the LOUT0-LOUT2 outputs and acts as a frequency select pin. LEN, DSEL, and LSEL are used together to decode the selection and post divide of the LVDS output bank, see the “LVDS Output PostDivider and Frequency Select Table” for proper decoding. Internal 25kΩ pull-up. When disabled, LOUT0-LOUT2 outputs are LOW, and the complimentary outputs are HIGH. The threshold voltage VTH = VCC/2. The default logic is HIGH. 23 25 57 59 PSEL0 PSEL1 PSEL2 PSEL3 TTL/CMOS input select control signals for the PECL POUT0-POUT3 outputs. PSELx, DSEL and PENx are used together to decode the selection and post divider of the PECL outputs. PSELx pins include an internal 25kΩ pull-up. The threshold voltage VTH = VCC/2. See "LVPECL Output Post-Divider and Frequency Select Table” for proper decoding. January 2008 Pin Function TTL/CMOS Reference input pre-scalar and Zero Delay MUX divider select inputs. The two-bit input pre-scalar divides the input reference frequency by /1, /2, /4, or /8. RSEL0 is the LSB bit. See “Reference Input Divider and Zero Delay MUX Divider Select Table” for proper decoding. The threshold voltage VTH = VCC/2. Internal 25kΩ pull-up. The default logic is HIGH. 4 M9999-010808-E [email protected] or (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. SY89538L Pin Description Control and Configuration (continued) Pin Number Pin Name Pin Function 24 26 58 60 PEN0 PEN1 PEN2 PEN3 TTL/CMOS input enable pin. Used to control the PECL POUT0-POUT3 outputs and as a frequency select pins. PENx, PSELx, and DSEL are used together; see the “LVPECL Output Post-Divider and Frequency Select Table” for proper decoding. PENx contains internal 25kΩ pull-up. When disabled, PECL0-PECL3 outputs are a logic LOW. The threshold voltage VTH = VCC/2. 46 SYNC TTL/CMOS Output Bank Synchronization Control. Internal 25kΩ pull-up. The default state is HIGH. After any bank has been programmed, all PECL and LVDS outputs are synchronized when the SYNC control pin is toggled with a HIGH-LOW-HIGH transition. See “Synchronization” section for details. The threshold voltage VTH = VCC/2. 5 FBSEL TTL/CMOS Input Select Control. Selects either internal or external feedback (zero-delay function). Internal 25kΩ pull-up. The threshold voltage VTH = VCC/2. Default is logic HIGH, and selects internal feedback. Logic HIGH: Internal feedback (from the Programmable Divider) Logic Low: External feedback (from the FBIN inputs) 28 33 35 PD_4 PD_2 PD_0 TTL/CMOS Programmable Divider-Select Control. Internal 25kΩ pull-down. Default is logic LOW. The threshold voltage VTH = VCC/2. See “Programmable-Divider Select Table” for proper decoding. 27 29 34 PD_5 PD_3 PD_1 TTL/CMOS Programmable Divider-Select Control. Internal 25kΩ pull-up. Default is logic HIGH. The threshold voltage VTH = VCC/2. See “Programmable-Divider Select Table” for proper decoding. 13, 14 PDSEL1, PDSEL0 TTL/CMOS Pre-Divider Select Input. Internal 25kΩ pull-up. This two-bit input divider scales the VCO/2 frequency. See “Pre-Divider Frequency Select Table” for proper decoding. The threshold voltage VTH = VCC/2. 22 DSEL TTL/CMOS Post-Divider Option Control. Internal 25kΩ pull-up. Default is logic HIGH. The threshold voltage VTH = VCC/2. Logic HIGH: All LVPECL and LVDS outputs operate with their respective output frequency control (PSELx, PENx, LSEL, LEN). Logic LOW: Internal PLL is disabled, reference and XTAL signals by-passes the PLL through a /1, /4, and /16 Post-Divider. See “LVPECL and LVDS Output Post-Divider and Frequency Select Table” for proper decoding. January 2008 5 M9999-010808-E [email protected] or (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. SY89538L Pin Description Input/Output Pin Number 3, 4 8, 9 11, 12 Pin Name Pin Function FBIN, /FBIN External Feedback Input used as the zero delay input. Output feeds into the inputs to configure the device in zero-delay mode, which forces the output frequency to the same frequency of the RFCK frequency. Requires external termination. See “Zero Delay FBIN Input” section for more details. RFCK, /RFCK Reference Clock Differential Input. Input accepts any input, single-ended or differential: TTL/CMOS, LVPECL, LVDS, HSTL, and SSTL. RFCK requires an external termination. See “Input Interface” and “Input Termination” sections for more details. Crystal Input. Directly connect a series resonant crystal across inputs. See “Quartz Crystal Oscillator Specification” table. Place crystal as close to the input as possible, keep XTAL and traces away from adjacent noisy traces to minimize noise coupling, and place the XTAL on the same side as the SY89538L (component side). XTAL2, XTAL1 17, 18 20, 21 49, 50 52, 53 POUT0, /POUT0 POUT1, /POUT1 POUT2, /POUT2 POUT3, /POUT3 100K LVPECL Output Drivers. Terminate all LVPECL outputs with 50Ω to VCCO–2V. Each output pair has a respective output frequency control (PSELx, PENx, DSEL). See “LVPECL Output Post-Divider and Frequency Select Table” for proper decoding. For low-jitter applications, unused LVPECL output pairs should be terminated with pull-down resistors. See “Output Termination Recommendations” section for termination detail. 38, 39 41, 42 44, 45 LOUT0, /LOUT0 LOUT1, /LOUT1 LOUT2, /LOUT2 Differential LVDS-Compatible Output Drivers. Output termination is 100Ω across the pair. For low-jitter applications, unused LVDS output pairs should be terminated with 100Ω across the pair. See “Output Termination Recommendations” section for details. 32, 48, 54, 61, 64 NC No connect. Input Driver Select Table RSEL1 RSEL0 Internal Reference Clock Zero-Delay MUX Divider 0 0 RFCK / 8 FBIN / 8 0 1 RFCK / 4 FBIN / 4 1 0 RFCK / 2 FBIN / 2 1 1 RFCK / 1 FBIN / 1 Table 1. Reference Input Divider and Zero-Delay MUX Divider Select Table Pre-Divider Frequency Select Table PDSEL1 PDSEL0 Pre-Div-Out Frequency 0 0 (VCO/2) / 5 0 1 (VCO/2) / 4 1 0 (VCO/2) / 3 1 1 (VCO/2) / 2 Table 2. Pre-Divider Select Table January 2008 6 M9999-010808-E [email protected] or (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. SY89538L Output and Frequency Select Tables PSELx PENx DSEL POUTx 0 0 0 Disable Output (HIGH) 0 1 0 fREF-DIV / 4 1 0 0 fREF-DIV / 16 1 1 0 fREF-DIV / 1 0 0 1 Disable Output (LOW) 0 1 1 fPRE-DIV / 2 1 0 1 fPRE-DIV / 8 1 1 1 fPRE-DIV / 1 Table 3. LVPECL Output Post-Divider and Frequency Select Table LSEL LEN DSEL LOUTx 0 0 0 Disable Output (HIGH) 0 1 0 fREF-DIV / 4 1 0 0 fREF-DIV / 16 1 1 0 fREF-DIV / 1 0 0 1 Disable Output (LOW) 0 1 1 fPRE-DIV / 2 1 0 1 fPRE-DIV / 8 1 1 1 fPRE-DIV / 1 Table 4. LVDS Output Post-Divider and Frequency Select Table Programmable-Divider Select Table PD_5 PD_4 PD_3 PD_2 PD_1 PD_0 6-Bit Prog. Divider fVCO 0 0 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 0 0 … 1 1 1 1 1 … 0 0 0 0 1 … 0 0 1 1 0 … 0 1 0 1 0 … 8 9 10 11 12 … fRef x 32 fRef x 36 fRef x 40 fRef x 44 fRef x 48 … … 1 1 1 1 1 … … 0 0 0 0 0 … … 1 1 1 1 1 … … 0 0 0 0 1 … … 0 0 1 1 0 … … 0 1 0 1 0 … … 40 41 42 43 44 … fRef fRef fRef fRef fRef … 1 1 1 1 1 … 1 1 1 1 1 … 1 1 1 1 1 … 0 1 1 1 1 … 1 0 0 1 1 … 1 0 1 0 1 … 59 60 61 62 63 fRef fRef fRef fRef fRef … x 160 x 164 x 168 x 172 x 176 … … x 236 x 240 x 244 x 248 x 252 Table 5. Programmable-Divider Select Table Note: See “Reference Input Frequency and Valid Programmable Divider Range” section for more details. January 2008 7 M9999-010808-E [email protected] or (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. SY89538L Absolute Maximum Ratings(1) Operating Ratings(2) Supply Voltage (VCCD, VCCA, VCCO) ...... –0.5V to +4.0V Input Voltage (RFCK, FBIN)................... –0.5V to VCC XTAL Input Voltage (VXTAL1, 2) ......... VCC –1.9V to VCC Output Current (IOUT) LVPECL Outputs (Surge) .........................100mA LVPECL Outputs (Continuous)...................50mA LVDS Outputs...........................................±10mA Lead Temperature (soldering, 20 sec.) .......... +260°C Storage Temperature (Ts) ................. –65°C to 150°C Supply Voltage VCCOA and VCCOC ............................... +3.0V to +3.6V VCCOB ............................................. +2.375V to +3.6V Ambient Temperature (TA)....................... –40°C to +85°C Package Thermal Resistance (Junction-to-Ambient) With Die attach soldered to GND: TQFP (θJA) Still-Air ......................................23°C/W TQFP (θJA) 200lfpm.....................................18°C/W TQFP (θJA) 500lfpm.....................................15°C/W With Die attach NOT soldered to GND(3): TQFP (θJA) Still-Air ......................................44°C/W TQFP (θJA) 200lfpm.....................................36°C/W TQFP (θJA) 500lfpm.....................................30°C/W Package Thermal Resistance (Junction-to-Board) TQFP (θJC) ....................................................7°C/W DC Electrical Characteristics(4) Power Supply TA = –40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise stated. Symbol Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Units VCCA PLL Power Supply Note 5 3.0 3.3 3.6 V VCCD Control Logic Supply Voltage Note 5 3.0 3.3 3.6 V VCCO Output Supply Voltage 2.375 2.5 2.625 V 3.0 3.3 3.6 V 300 ICC Power Supply Current No load, max. VCC, Note 6 240 ICCA Analog Supply Current Max. VCC 10 mA mA ICCO Output Supply Current No load, max. VCC 55 mA ICCD Digital Supply Current Max. VCC 175 mA LVCMOS/LVTTL Input Control Logic VCCA = VCCD = +3.3V ±10%, VCCO = +2.5V ±5% or +3.3V ±10%; TA = –40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise stated. Symbol Parameter VIH Input High Voltage Condition Min VIL Input Low Voltage IIH Input High Current VIN = VCC –125 IIL Input Low Current VIN = 0.5V –300 Typ Max 2.0 Units V 0.8 V 150 µA µA Notes: 1. Permanent device damage may occur if absolute maximum ratings are exceeded. This is a stress rating only and functional operation is not implied at conditions other than those detailed in the operational sections of this data sheet. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. 2. The data sheet limits are not guaranteed if the device is operated beyond the operating ratings. 3. It is recommended that the user always solder the exposed die pad to a ground plane for enhanced heat dissipation. 4. The circuit is designed to meet the DC specifications shown in the above table after thermal equilibrium has been established. 5. VCCA and VCCD are not internally connected. They must be connected together on the PCB. 6. ICC = ICCA + ICCO + ICCD. January 2008 8 M9999-010808-E [email protected] or (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. SY89538L Reference Clock Inputs/External Feedback Inputs VCCA = VCCD = +3.3V ±10%, VCCO = +2.5V ±5% or +3.3V ±10%; TA = –40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise stated. Symbol Parameter Condition VIH Input HIGH Voltage RFCK, /RFCK FBIN, /FBIN Min Typ Max Units VCCD + 0.3 V VIL Input LOW Voltage RFCK, /RFCK FBIN, /FBIN –0.3 V VIN Input Voltage Swing RFCK, /RFCK, FBIN, /FBIN See Figure 1a. 100 mV VDIFF_IN Differential Input Voltage Swing RFCK, /RFCK, FBIN, /FBIN See Figure 1b. 200 mV 100K LVPECL Output DC Electrical Characteristics VCCA = VCCD = +3.3V ±10%, VCCO = +2.5V ±5% or +3.3V ±10%, RL = 50Ω into VCCO–2V; TA = –40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise stated. Symbol Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Units VOH Output HIGH Voltage VOL Output LOW Voltage VCCO –1.075 VCCO –0.830 V VCCO –1.860 VCCO –1.570 V VOUT Output Voltage Swing See Figure 1a. 550 800 mV VDIFF_OUT Differential Output Voltage Swing See Figure 1b. 1100 1600 mV LVDS Output DC Electrical Characteristics VCCA = VCCD = +3.3V ±10%, VCCO = +2.5V ±5% or +3.3V ±10%, RL = 100Ω across the pair; TA = –40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise stated. Symbol Parameter Condition Min Typ VOUT Output Voltage Swing See Figure 1a. 250 325 mV VDIFF-OUT Differential Output Voltage Swing See Figure 1b. 500 650 mV VOCM Output Common Mode Voltage ∆VOCM Change in Common Mode Voltage January 2008 1.125 9 Max Units 1.275 V 25 mV M9999-010808-E [email protected] or (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. SY89538L AC Electrical Characteristics VCCA = VCCD = +3.3V ±10%; VCCO = +2.5V ±5% or +3.3V ±10%, RL (LVDS) = 100Ω across the output pairs, RL (LVPECL) = 50Ω into VCCO–2V; TA = –40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise stated. Symbol fREF Parameter XTAL Input Frequency Range Reference Input Frequency Range Zero Delay Input Frequency Range Phase Detector Operating Frequency Range fOUT Output Frequency Range fVCO Internal VCO Frequency Range tSKEW Output-to-Output fIN tLOCK Condition Note 7 See Table 8 See Table 9 INSEL = LOW INSEL = HIGH Min 14 9.325 29.375 9.325 14 29.375 Typ 2352 Note 8 15 Minimum PLL Lock Time Max 18 756 756 94.5 18 Units MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz 756 MHz 3024 MHz 75 ps 10 ms 6 14 150 psRMS psRMS psPP Loop Filter Optimized for Cycle-to-Cycle Jitter • R = 50Ω • C1 = 0.47µF • C2 = 1000pF tJITTER 1-Sigma Cycle-to-Cycle Jitter (XTAL Input) 1-Sigma Cycle-to-Cycle Jitter (RFCK Reference) Total Jitter Spur Note 9 Note 9 Note 10 XTAL/RFCK Crosstalk-Induced Jitter Note 11 See Table 10 14 ≤ fREF ≤ 18 BW PLL Bandwidth tDC tr, tf FOUT Duty Cycle Output Rise/Fall Time (20% to 80%) Output Rise/Fall Time (20% to 80%) tPW_SYNC_MIN Minimum SYNC Pulse Width LVPECL LVDS See “Synchronization” section tPD_SYNC Synchronization Delay See “Synchronization” section 4 5 80 -35 11.1 43 100 80 8 50 250 150 8 dBc@ fphase 0.7 38.4 psRMS kHz 57 400 300 % ps ps Internal clock cycle Internal clock cycle Notes: 7. Fundamental mode, series resonant crystal. 8. The output-to-output skew is defined as the worst-case difference between any outputs within a single device operating at the same voltage and temperature. 9. Cycle-to-cycle jitter definition: the variation of periods between adjacent cycles, Tn – Tn-1 where T is the time between rising edges of the output signal. 12 10. Total jitter definition: with an ideal clock input of frequency <fMAX, no more than one output edge in 10 output edges will deviate by more than the specified peak-to-peak jitter value. 11. Crosstalk is measured at the output while applying two similar differential clock frequencies that are asynchronous with respect to each other at the inputs. January 2008 10 M9999-010808-E [email protected] or (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. SY89538L Single-Ended and Differential Swings Figure 1a. Single-Ended Voltage Swing January 2008 Figure 1b. Differential Voltage Swing 11 M9999-010808-E [email protected] or (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. SY89538L Oscillator Tips 1. Mount the crystal as close to the SY89538L as possible to minimize parasitic effects. 2. Mount the crystal on the same plane as the SY89538L to minimize on via hole inductance. 3. To minimize noise pick up on the loop filter pins, cut the ground plane directly underneath the loop filter component pads and traces. 4. Keep the crystal and its traces away from adjacent noisy traces to minimize noise coupling. Figure 2 below illustrates how to interface the crystal with the SY89538L. Functional Description Overall Function The SY89538L integrated programmable clock synthesizer and fanout buffer with zero delay is part of a precision PLL-based clock generation family optimized for internal system clock generation (FPGAs, ASICs, NPU). Inputs XTAL The SY89538L features a fully integrated on-board oscillator, which minimizes system implementation cost. The oscillator is a series resonant, multi-vibrator type crystal driver designed to drive a 14MHz to 18MHz series resonant crystal, see Table 6 and 7 for more details on the crystal frequency range and specifications. XTAL (MHz) fVCO (GHz) Figure 2. Crystal Interface Min. Max. X RREF Min. Max. Quartz Crystal Selection: 14 18 168 2.352 3.024 Note: Raltron Series Resonant: AS-16.666-S-SMD-T-MI (2) Raltron RFCK The input MUX drives the PLLs phase detector, which expects a frequency between 9.325MHz and 94.5MHz. Therefore, reference clock maximum input frequency is 756MHz when the reference divider is set to a divide-by-8 and the reference clock minimum frequency is 9.325MHz when the reference divider is set to a divide-by-1. Given that the VCO frequency range is from 2.352GHz to 3.024GHz, the minimum and maximum frequency range of RFCK can be calculated as follows: Table 6. XTAL Frequency Range and Valid Programmable Range Table Min. Frequency Range (Fundamental ModeSeries Resonant) Typ. 14 Max. Units 18 MHz Frequency Tolerance @ 25°C ±30 ±50 PPM Frequency Stability over 0°C to 70°C ±50 ±100 PPM Operating Temperature Range -40 +85 °C Storage Temperature Range -55 +125 °C Aging (per yr/1st 3yrs) ±5 PPM Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) 50 Ω Drive Level 100 Minimum Output Frequency (9.33MHz Input): µW f OUT = f PHASE × Pr eDivider × FeedbackDivider Pr eDivider × PostDivider × (Div − by − 2) f OUT = (9.33MHz ) × (63 × 2) × (2) (5)× (8)× (2) f OUT = 29.4 MHz Maximum Output Frequency (756MHz Input): Table 7. Quartz Crystal Oscillator Specifications f OUT ⎛ 756 MHz ⎞ ⎟ × (8 × 2 ) × (2 ) ⎜ 8 ⎠ =⎝ (2) × (1)× (2) f OUT = 756 MHz January 2008 12 M9999-010808-E [email protected] or (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. SY89538L Table 8 summarizes the input reference frequency and associated divider values: fRFCK (MHz) fREF (MHz) fVCO (GHz) Ref-Div = 1 Ref-Div = 8 X fREF Min. Max. Min. Max. 73.5 756 32 73.5 94.5 2.352 3.024 65.3 672 36 65.3 84.0 2.352 3.024 58.8 605 40 58.8 75.6 2.352 3.024 53.5 550 44 53.5 68.7 2.352 3.024 49.0 504 48 49.0 63.0 2.352 3.024 … … … … … … … 14.7 151 160 14.7 18.9 2.352 3.024 14.3 148 164 14.3 18.4 2.352 3.024 14.0 144 168 14.0 18.0 2.352 3.024 13.7 141 172 13.7 17.6 2.352 3.024 13.4 137 176 13.4 17.2 2.352 3.024 … … … … … … … 9.97 103 236 9.97 12.8 2.352 3.024 9.80 101 240 9.80 12.6 2.352 3.024 9.64 99.1 244 9.64 12.4 2.352 3.024 9.48 97.5 248 9.48 12.2 2.352 3.024 9.33 96.0 252 9.33 12.0 2.352 3.024 Table 8. Reference Input Frequency and Valid Programmable Divider Range Table January 2008 13 M9999-010808-E [email protected] or (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. SY89538L Zero Delay FBIN Input The SY89538L features a zero delay MUX that forces the output to be at the same phase relationship as the reference. This effectively configures the SY89538L as a zero delay buffer when FBSEL is logic HIGH and the output is fed into the feedback input FBIN as shown in Figures 3a and 3b. How Does Zero Delay Work? From the block diagram, f REF = f RFCK f FBIN and f FBK = Ref. Divider FBK Divider When the PLL is locked, fREF = fFBK and since Ref. Divider = FBK Divider, fRFCK is forced to equal fFBIN. In zero delay mode, fOUT is fed into FBIN, therefore, fRFCK is forced to equal fOUT. Figure 3a. Zero Delay Mode (LVDS Output) Figure 3b. Zero Delay Mode (LVPECL Output) January 2008 14 M9999-010808-E [email protected] or (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. fVCO (MHz) SY89538L PostDivider PreDivider fOUT (MHz) Ref-Divider = 1 Ref-Divider = 2 Ref-Divider = 4 Ref-Divider = 8 fREF (MHz) fREF (MHz) fREF (MHz) fREF (MHz) Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. 2.35 3.02 1 2 588.0 755.0 588.0 755.0 294.0 377.5 147.0 188.8 73.5 94.4 2.35 3.02 1 3 392.0 503.0 392.0 503.0 196.0 251.5 98.0 125.8 49.0 62.9 2.35 3.02 1 4 294.0 378.0 294.0 378.0 147.0 189.0 73.5 94.5 36.8 47.3 2.35 3.02 1 5 235.0 302.0 235.0 302.0 117.5 151.0 58.8 75.5 29.4 37.8 2.35 3.02 2 2 294.0 378.0 294.0 378.0 147.0 189.0 73.5 94.5 36.8 47.3 2.35 3.02 2 3 196.0 252.0 196.0 252.0 98.0 126.0 49.0 63.0 24.5 31.5 2.35 3.02 2 4 147.0 189.0 147.0 189.0 73.5 94.5 36.8 47.3 18.4 23.6 2.35 3.02 2 5 118.0 151.0 118.0 151.0 59.0 75.5 29.5 37.8 14.8 18.9 2.35 3.02 8 2 73.4 94.4 73.4 94.4 36.7 47.2 18.4 23.6 Not Valid 11.8 2.35 3.02 8 3 49.0 62.9 49.0 62.9 24.5 31.5 12.3 15.7 Not Valid Not Valid 2.35 3.02 8 4 36.7 47.2 36.7 47.2 18.4 23.6 Not Valid 11.8 Not Valid Not Valid 2.35 3.02 8 5 29.4 37.8 29.4 37.8 14.7 18.9 Not Valid Not Valid Not Valid Not Valid Table 9. Zero Delay Divider Cases • The input and output frequency range is 29.375MHz to 756MHz Systematic phase offset is caused by added and parasitic capacitance • The phase detector frequency range is 9.325MHz to 94.5MHz Phase offset is introduced by increased trace length • Phase offset second order effects can be introduced with high εR die-electric constants since the velocity of electromagnetic waves slows down as the die-electric constant increases Considerations when in zero delay mode: • • • There are cases in which certain divider combinations at certain frequencies are not valid, see Table 9 for more details January 2008 15 M9999-010808-E [email protected] or (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. SY89538L External Loop Filter Considerations Power Supply Filtering Techniques The SY89538L features an external PLL loop filter that allows the users to tailor the PLL’s behavior. It is recommended that ceramic capacitors with NPO or X7R dielectric be used, since they have very low effective series resistance. For applications that require ultra-low cycle-to-cycle jitter, use the components shown in Figure 4. Larger values of the zero capacitor (capacitor shown in parallel) results in less cycle-to- cycle jitter, however the total jitter increases as the value of the zero capacitor increases. In addition, as the zero capacitor increases, loop stability decreases as the zero capacitor begins to dominate over the pole capacitor (capacitor in series with the damping resistor). The external loop filter allows the user to change the loop filter values for specific jitter requirements. Using a smaller resistor in the loop filter decreases the PLL’s loop bandwidth. This results in less noise from the PLL input, but potentially more noise from the VCO. Take care to keep the loop filter components on the same side of the board and as close as possible to the SY89538L’s LR and LF pins. To minimize noise pick up on the loop filter pins, cut the ground plane directly underneath the loop filter component pads and traces. However, the benefit may not be significant in all applications. As with any high-speed integrated circuit, power supply filtering is very important. At a minimum, VCCA, VCCD, and all VCCO pins should be individually connected using a via to the power supply plane, and separate bypass capacitors should be used for each pin. To achieve optimal jitter performance, each power supply pin should use separate instances of the circuit shown in Figure 5. Figure 5. Recommended Power Supply Filter Note: For VCCA and VCCD use ferrite bead, 200mA, Murata P/N BLM21A1025. For VCCO use ferrite bead3A, 0.025Ω DC, Murata, P/N BLM31P005. Figure 4. Loop Filter January 2008 16 M9999-010808-E [email protected] or (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. SY89538L Synchronization Output Synchronization Controlled by SYNC Timing Diagram The SYNC control input is used to synchronize all divider outputs of the post divider. When a HIGH-LOW transition is applied to the SYNC control input the outputs are disabled when all post-divider outputs are LOW, see “Output Synchronization Controlled by January 2008 SYNC Timing Diagram” for details. Once SYNC is asserted with a rising edge, the outputs are enabled when all internal divider stages are reaching their LOW state. This ensures a simultaneous switching of all outputs with the next LOW-HIGH transition of the pre-divider clock. 17 M9999-010808-E [email protected] or (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. SY89538L frequencies determined by the loop filter when the SY89538L is driven by a 14MHz to 18MHz crystal when the feedback divider is effectively 168. PLL Loop Stability For the loop filter configurations shown in Figure 4, Table 10 below summarizes the PLL’s loop stability in terms of damping factor, natural frequency, and bandwidth, and illustrates the pole and zero cutoff Parameter Vcc RM Temperature Units 3 3 3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.6 3.6 V -40 -40 -40 25 25 25 85 85 85 C Die Temperature -18 -18 -18 55 55 55 125 125 125 C VCO Frequency 2352 2800 3024 2352 2800 3024 2352 2800 3024 MHz 1.80E-04 1.80E-04 1.80E-04 1.80E-04 1.80E-04 1.80E-04 1.80E-04 1.80E-04 1.80E-04 A 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 Ohms Charge Pump Current Loop Filter Resistor Zero Capacitor 4.70E-07 4.70E-07 4.70E-07 4.70E-07 4.70E-07 4.70E-07 4.70E-07 4.70E-07 4.70E-07 F Pole Capacitor 1.00E-10 1.00E-09 1.00E-09 1.00E-09 1.00E-09 1.00E-09 1.00E-09 1.00E-09 1.00E-09 F VCO Gain (KVCO) 3.20E+09 4.50E+09 4.50E+09 2.80E+09 3.30E+09 3.10E+09 2.30E+09 1.70E+09 1.30E+09 Hz/V Feedback Divider 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 Integer Phase Detector Frequency 14 16 18 14 16 18 14 16 18 MHz Damping Factor 1.0 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.6 13600.29 16127.95 16127.95 12721.90 13811.16 13386.09 11530.20 9912.83 8668.52 513 417 469 586 568 681 714 1103 1623 Natural Frequency Ratio=Phase Detector Freq / Fc Hz Table 10. PLL Loop Stability(1) Note: 1. Feedback divider = 168 = 42 (6-bit programmable divider) x divide-by-2 x divide-by-2. Reference Frequency = 14, 16, and 18MHz. January 2008 18 M9999-010808-E [email protected] or (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. SY89538L Figure 6 shows the open and closed loop gain of the SY89538L. The closed loop-gain plot shows that the SY89538L when configured with the recommended loop filter values has essentially no jitter peaking near the -3dB point. In addition, the open loop curve shows the frequency at which unity gain occurs for a typical case of the SY89538L with VCC = 3.3V at TA = 25°C. At unity gain, Figure 7 can be used to determine the phase margin or stability of the SY89538L. dB Figure 8. Loop Filter Control Voltage vs. Frequency at 3.3V, TA = 25°C Frequency (Hz) Figure 6. Open and Closed Loop Gain at VCC = 3.3V, TA = 25°C Figure 9. Frequency vs. Loop Filter Control Voltage at 3.3V, TA = 25°C Phase Margin (°) Input Interface RFCK and FBIN are designed to accept any differential or single-ended input signal 300mV above VCC or 300mV below GND. RFCK and FBIN should not be left floating. Tie either the true or complement input to GND, but not both. A logic zero is achieved by connecting the complement input to GND with the true input floating. For TTL input, tie a 2.5kΩ resistor between the complement input and GND. LVDS, CML and HSTL differential signals may be connected directly to the reference inputs. Frequency (Hz) Figure 7. Phase Margin Plot at VCC = 3.3V, TA = 25°C Figure 8 illustrates the VCO frequency versus the loop filter control voltage at 3.3V, TA = 25°C. The normal loop filter control voltage is -300mV to +300mV. Figure 9 illustrates the VCO gain curve at VCC = 3.3V, TA = 25°C. With this set of information, determining the loop stability with other sets of loop filter configurations is possible. Figure 10. Simplified Input Structure January 2008 19 M9999-010808-E [email protected] or (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. SY89538L Input Termination (RFCK and FBIN) Figure 11a. LVPECL Interface (DC-Coupled) Figure 11b. LVPECL Interface (AC-Coupled) Figure 11c. CML Interface (DC-Coupled) Figure 11d. CML Interface (AC-Coupled) Figure 11e. LVDS (DC-Coupled) Figure 11f. 2.5V LVPECL (DC-Coupled) Figure 11g. 2.5V CML (DC-Coupled) Figure 11h. Single-Ended Input Interface January 2008 20 M9999-010808-E [email protected] or (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. SY89538L The LVPECL output can also be terminated with three 50Ω resistors as shown in Figure 12b. A 0.1µF low ESR decoupling capacitor from VCC to Y-Junction is recommended in order to reduce noise in the signal. Output Bank and Frequency Control There are five independently programmable output frequency banks, four differential LVPECL output banks and one differential LVDS output bank with three output pairs. Each bank has frequency control DSEL, SELx and Enx to generate different divider ratios (see “LVPECL and LVDS Output Post-Divider Frequency Select” Tables). It can be programmed for pass-through, internal divided VCO clock divide-by/2, /8 or disable state. When disabled, the noninverted output goes to static LOW and the inverted output goes to static HIGH. AC-Coupled LVPECL Termination While terminating an AC-coupled LVPECL signal, pulldown resistor is used to create a DC current path to GND to produce an output swing. For 3.3V supply, 100Ω provides the necessary pull-down. At the final destination, proper termination to create a VCC–1.3V termination bias is required 82Ω||130Ω. Please refer to Figure 12c. Output Logic Characteristics See “Output Termination Recommendations” for proper termination. When LVPECL single-ended output is desired, the unused complimentary output should be terminated. Unused LVPECL output pairs can be left floating. LVDS output pairs should be terminated with 100Ω across the pair. In order to minimize jitter and skew, unused LVDS output banks and unused LVDS output pairs should be terminated with 100Ω across each pair. LVPECL Outputs: • Typical voltage swing is 800mV into 50Ω. • Common mode voltage is VCCO–1.3V. Figure 12a. LVPECL Parallel Thevenin-Equivalent LVDS Outputs: • Typical voltage swing is 325mV into 100Ω. • Common mode voltage is 1.2V. Output Termination Recommendations LVPECL LVPECL has high input impedance, very low output (open emitter) impedance, and small signal swing which results in low EMI. LVPECL is ideal for driving 50Ω-and-100Ω-controlled impedance transmission lines. There are several techniques for terminating the LVPECL output: Single-ended termination, Parallel Termination Thevenin-Equivalent, 3-Resistor Y-Termination, and AC-coupled termination. Figure 12b. LVPECL Parallel Termination Single-Ended LVPECL Termination Unused output pairs may be left floating. Terminating single-ended and unused outputs will enhance the performance. Terminate LVPECL outputs by 50Ω to VCC–2V. The unused input terminal must be biased to VCC–1.3V using a resistor network. See Figure 11h for more details. DC-Coupled LVPECL Parallel Termination Terminate LVPECL by an output impedance of 50Ω to VCC–2V. Termination resistor values are a function of VCC. For a 3.3V supply, the optimal parallel combination is 130Ω||82Ω. See Figure 12a for details. January 2008 Figure 12c. LVPECL AC-Coupled Parallel Thevenin-Equivalent 21 M9999-010808-E [email protected] or (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. SY89538L function of LVDS input, is kept to a minimum, to keep EMI low conveniently to ASKs and FPGAs. Each LVDS output pair requires 100Ω across the differential pair at the end destination (often intended integrated into the ASIC). LVDS LVDS specifies a small swing of 325mV typical, on a nominal 1.2V common mode above ground. The common mode voltage has tight limits to permit large variations in ground between an LVDS driver and receiver. Also, change in common mode voltage, as a Related Product and Support Documentation Part Number Function Data Sheet Link SY89537L 3.3V, Precision LVPECL and LVDS Programmable, Multiple Output Bank Clock Synthesizer and Fanout Buffer with Zero Delay http://www.micrel.com/product-info/products/sy89537l.shtml HBW Solutions New Products and Applications www.micrel.com/product-info/products/solutions.shtml MLF January 2008 TM Application Note www.amkor.com/products/notes_papers/MLFAppNote.pdf 22 M9999-010808-E [email protected] or (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. SY89538L Package Information 64-Pin EPAD-TQFP (H64-1) MICREL, INC. 2180 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA 95131 USA TEL +1 (408) 944-0800 FAX +1 (408) 474-1000 WEB http:/www.micrel.com The information furnished by Micrel in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Micrel for its use. Micrel reserves the right to change circuitry and specifications at any time without notification to the customer. Micrel Products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A Purchaser’s use or sale of Micrel Products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is a Purchaser’s own risk and Purchaser agrees to fully indemnify Micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale. © 2006 Micrel, Incorporated. January 2008 23 M9999-010808-E [email protected] or (408) 955-1690