UCD90124 www.ti.com SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 12-Rail Sequencer and System Health Monitor With Fan Control Check for Samples :UCD90124 FEATURES 1 • • • • • • • APPLICATIONS • • • • • Industrial / ATE Telecommunications and Networking Equipment Servers and Storage Systems Embedded Computing Any System Requiring Sequencing and Monitoring of Multiple Power Rails DESCRIPTION The UCD90124 is a 12-rail PMBus/I2C addressable power-supply sequencer and system-health monitor. The device integrates a 12-bit ADC for monitoring up to 13 power-supply voltage, current, or temperature inputs. Twenty-six GPIO pins can be used for power supply enables, power-on reset signals, external interrupts, cascading, or other system functions. Twelve of these pins offer PWM functionality. Using these pins, the UCD90124 offers support for fan control, margining, and general-purpose PWM functions. Fan-control signals can be sent using PMBus commands or generated from one of two built-in fan-control algorithms. PWM outputs combined with temperature and fan-speed measurements provide a complete fan-control solution for up to four independent fans. The TI Fusion Digital Power™ designer software is provided for device configuration. This PC-based graphical user interface (GUI) offers an intuitive interface for configuring, storing, and monitoring all system operating parameters. 12V 12V OUT TEMP12V 3.3V_UCD 12V TEMP IC INA196 5.1V 12V OUT V33A V33D • Monitor and Sequence 12 Voltage Rails – All Rails Sampled Every 400 μs – 12-bit ADC With 2.5-V, 0.5% Internal VREF – Sequence Based on Time, Rail and Pin Dependencies – Four Programmable Undervoltage and Overvoltage Thresholds per Monitor Fan Control and Monitoring – Supports Four Fans With Five User-Defined Speed-vs-Temperature Setpoints – Supports Two-, Three-, and Four-Wire Fans Nonvolatile Error and Peak-Value Logging per Monitor (up to 12 Faults) Closed-Loop Margining for 10 Rails – Margin Output Adjusts Rail Voltage to Match User-Defined Margin Thresholds Programmable Watchdog Timer and System Reset Flexible Digital I/O Configuration Multiphase PWM Clock Generator – Clock Frequencies From 15.259 kHz to 125 MHz – Capability to Configure Independent Clock Outputs for Synchronizing Switch-Mode Power Supplies Internal Temperature Sensor JTAG and I2C/SMBus/ PMBus™ Interfaces V33FB • 2 GPIO VIN VMON /EN GPIO 3.3V OUT VMON 1.8V OUT VMON 0.8V OUT VMON I0.8V VMON TEMP0.8V VMON VFB VIN /EN GPIO VOUT 1.8V OUT LDO1 I12V VMON TEMP12V VMON /MR 3.3V OUT VOUT DC-DC 1 TEMP IC TEMP0.8V VMON VIN UCD90124 WDI from main processor GPIO WDO GPIO POWER_GOOD GPIO /EN GPIO 0.8V OUT VOUT DC-DC 2 VFB INA196 PWM WARN_OC_0.8V_ OR_12V GPIO SYSTEM RESET GPIO OTHER SEQUENCER DONE (CASCADE INPUT) 2MHz I0.8V Vmarg Closed Loop Margining 4- wire Fan 12 V GPIO 12V I2C/ PMBUS JTAG PWM GPIO 25 kHz Fan PWM Fan Tach PWM TACH GND DC Fan 1 2 Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. PMBus, Fusion Digital Power are trademarks of Texas Instruments. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated UCD90124 SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 www.ti.com This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage. ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications. FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM Comparators JTAG Or GPIO PMBus Internal Temperature Sensor 6 Monitor Inputs 16 4 SEQUENCING ENGINE 13 Fan Control PWM Outputs 12-bit 200ksps, ADC (Ext or Int. Ref) 12 GeneralPurpose I/O (GPIO) or Fan Tach Monitors 4 10 Or FLASH Memory User Data, Fault and Peak Logging BOOLEAN Logic Builder 6 Margining Outputs Or GPIO 64-pin QFN ORDERING INFORMATION ORDERABLE PART NUMBER PACKAGE Supply UCD90124RGCR 64-pin QFN Reel of 2000 UCD90124RGCT 64-pin QFN Reel of 250 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1) VALUE UNIT Voltage applied at V33D to DVSS –0.3 V to 3.8 V Voltage applied at V33A to AVSS –0.3 V to 3.8 V Voltage applied at V33FB to AVSS –0.3 V to 5.5 V –0.3 V to (V33A + 0.3 V) V –40 to 150 °C Human-body model (HBM) 2.5 kV Charged-device model (CDM) 750 V Voltage applied to any other pin (2) Storage temperature (Tstg) ESD rating (1) (2) Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended Operating Conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. All voltages referenced to VSS RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS Supply voltage during operation (V33D, V33DIO, V33A) Operating free-air temperature range, TA NOM MAX 3 3.3 3.6 V 110 °C 125 °C –40 Junction temperature, TJ 2 MIN Submit Documentation Feedback UNIT Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 UCD90124 www.ti.com SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN NOM MAX UNIT SUPPLY CURRENT IV33A VV33A = 3.3 V 8 mA IV33DIO VV33DIO = 3.3 V 2 mA VV33D = 3.3 V 40 mA VV33D = 3.3 V, storing configuration parameters in flash memory 50 mA IV33D Supply current (1) IV33D INTERNAL REGULATOR CONTROLLER INPUTS/OUTPUTS VV33 3.3-V linear regulator VV33FB 3.3-V linear reg feedback IV33FB Series pass base drive Beta Series NPN pass device Emitter of NPN transistor 3.25 VVIN = 12 V 3.3 3.35 4 4.6 10 V V mA 40 EXTERNALLY SUPPLIED 3.3V POWER VV33D, VV33DIO Digital 3.3-V power TA = 25°C 3 3.6 V VV33A Analog 3.3-V power TA = 25°C 3 3.6 V V ANALOG INPUTS (MON1–MON13) VMON Input voltage range MON1–MON9 MON10–MON13 INL ADC integral nonlinearity Ilkg Input leakage current 3 V applied to pin IOFFSET Input offset current 1-kΩ source impedance MON1–MON9, ground reference RIN Input impedance CIN Input capacitance tCONVERT ADC sample period 14 voltages sampled, 3.89 μsec/sample ADC 2.5 V, internal 0°C to 125°C Reference accuracy –40°C to 125°C VREF MON10–MON13, ground reference 0 2.5 0.2 2.5 V –2.5 2.5 mV 100 nA –5 5 8 0.5 μA MΩ 1.5 3 10 MΩ pF μsec 400 –0.5% 0.5% –1% 1% 9 11 ANALOG INPUT (PMBUS_ADDRx, INTERNAL TEMP SENSE) IBIAS Bias current for PMBus Addr pins VADDR_OPEN Voltage – open pin AddrSens0,1 open VADDR_SHORT Voltage – shorted pin AddrSens0,1 short to ground TInternal Internal temperature-sense accuracy Over range from 0°C to 100°C 2.26 –5 μA V 0.124 V 5 °C Dgnd + 0.25 V DIGITAL INPUTS AND OUTPUTS VOL Low-level output voltage IOL = 6 mA (2), V33DIO = 3 V VOH High-level output voltage IOH = –6 mA (3), V33DIO = 3 V VIH High-level input voltage V33DIO = 3 V VIL Low-level input voltage V33DIO = 3.5 V (1) (2) (3) V33DIO – 0.6V 2.1 V 3.6 V 1.4 V Typical supply current values are based on device programmed but not configured, and no peripherals connected to any pins. The maximum total current, IOHmax and IOLmax, for all outputs combined, should not exceed 12 mA to hold the maximum voltage drop specified. The maximum total current, IOHmax and IOLmax, for all outputs combined, should not exceed 48 mA to hold the maximum voltage drop specified. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 3 UCD90124 SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 www.ti.com ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN NOM MAX UNIT SYSTEM PERFORMANCE VDDSlew Minimum VDD slew rate VDD slew rate between 2.3 V and 2.9 V VRESET Supply voltage at which device comes out of reset For power-on reset (POR) tRESET Low-pulse duration needed at RESET pin To reset device during normal operation f(PCLK) Internal oscillator frequency TA = 125°C, TA = 25°C 240 tretention Retention of configuration parameters TJ = 25°C 100 Years Write_Cycles Number of nonvolatile erase/write cycles TJ = 25°C 20 K cycles 4 Submit Documentation Feedback 0.25 V/ms 2.4 V μS 2 250 260 MHz Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 UCD90124 www.ti.com SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 PMBus/SMBus/I2C The timing characteristics and timing diagram for the communications interface that supports I2C, SMBus and PMBus is shown below. I2C/SMBus/PMBus TIMING REQUIREMENTS TA = –40°C to 85°C, 3 V < VDD < 3.6 V; typical values at TA = 25°C and VCC = 2.5 V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER FSMB TEST CONDITIONS MIN Slave mode, SMBC 50% duty cycle SMBus/PMBus operating frequency 2 FI2C I C operating frequency t(BUF) Bus free time between start and stop Slave mode, SCL 50% duty cycle t(HD:STA) t(SU:STA) TYP MAX UNIT 10 1000 kHz 10 1000 kHz 4.7 μs Hold time after (repeated) start 0.26 μs Repeated-start setup time 0.26 μs t(SU:STO) Stop setup time 0.26 μs t(HD:DAT) Data hold time 0 ns t(SU:DAT) Data setup time t(TIMEOUT) Error signal/detect t(LOW) Clock low period t(HIGH) Clock high period See (2) t(LOW:SEXT) Cumulative clock low slave extend time See tf Clock/data fall time tr (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Receive mode 50 ns See (1) 35 μs 0.5 Clock/data rise time ms 50 μs (3) 25 ms See (4) 120 ns See (5) 120 ns 0.26 The device times out when any clock low exceeds t(TIMEOUT). t(HIGH), Max, is the minimum bus idle time. SMBC = SMBD = 1 for t > 50 ms causes reset of any transaction that is in progress. This specification is valid when the NC_SMB control bit remains in the default cleared state (CLK[0] = 0). t(LOW:SEXT) is the cumulative time a slave device is allowed to extend the clock cycles in one message from initial start to the stop. Fall time tf = 0.9 VDD to (VILMAX – 0.15) Rise time tr = (VILMAX – 0.15) to (VIHMIN + 0.15) Figure 1. I2C/SMBus Timing Diagram Start Stop TLOW:SEXT TLOW:MEXT TLOW:MEXT TLOW:MEXT PMB_Clk Clk ACK Clk ACK PMB_Data Figure 2. Bus Timing in Extended Mode Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 5 UCD90124 SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 www.ti.com DEVICE INFORMATION UCD90124 PIN ASSIGNMENT UCD90124 MON13 NC3 MON12 NC2 MON11 NC1 MON10 AVSS1 54 53 52 51 50 49 MON8 55 11 62 56 GPIO1 MON7 V33FB 40 MON6 NC4 TRST 6 59 57 39 58 TMS/GPIO22 PMBUS_ADDR1 MON5 MON7 38 5 59 37 TDI/GPIO21 60 TDO/GPIO20 MON4 MON8 MON3 4 PMBUS_ADDR0 3 61 36 MON9 10 TCK/GPIO19 62 TRCK MON2 AVSS3 MON1 63 1 2 64 V33FB V33A BPCAP V33D V33DIO2 V33DIO1 7 44 45 46 47 58 MON1 1 48 AVSS2 MON2 2 47 BPCAP 63 MON9 GPIO2 12 MON3 3 46 V33A 50 MON10 GPIO3 13 MON4 4 45 V33D 52 MON11 GPIO4 14 MON5 5 44 V33DIO2 54 MON12 GPIO13 25 MON6 6 43 DVSS3 29 7 42 GPIO14 V33DIO1 PWM 3/GPI3 30 DVSS1 8 GPIO15 56 MON13 RESET 9 UCD90124 41 PWM4/GPI4 40 TRST FPWM6/GPIO10 22 41 PWM4/GPI4 FPWM7/GPIO11 23 FPWM8/GPIO12 24 51 NC1 9 AVSS3 AVSS1 NC4 AVSS2 57 RESET DVSS3 NC3 DVSS2 NC2 DVSS1 53 55 32 PWM3/GPI3 PWM2/GPI2 21 42 31 20 FPWM5/GPIO9 PWM1/GPI1 FPWM4/GPIO8 PWM2/GPI2 30 PWM1/GPI1 GPIO15 31 32 29 19 GPIO14 GPIO 16 FPWM3/GPIO7 28 33 PMBUS_CNTRL 16 18 27 GPIO 17 PMBUS _DATA FPWM2/GPIO6 PMBUS_ALERT 34 PMBUS_ADDR1 26 15 60 25 GPIO 18 PMBUS _CLK 17 DVSS2 35 FPWM1/GPIO5 GPIO13 14 PMBUS_ADDR0 24 TCK/GPIO19 GPIO4 61 23 TDO/GPIO 20 36 FPWM7/GPIO11 37 13 FPWM8/GPIO12 12 GPIO3 22 GPIO2 PMBUS_CNTRL 21 35 PMBUS_ALERT FPWM5/GPIO9 GPIO18 27 28 FPWM6/GPIO10 TDI/GPIO21 20 TMS/GPIO22 38 FWPM4/GPIO8 39 11 19 10 GPIO1 FPWM3/GPIO7 TRCK 34 18 33 GPIO17 17 GPIO16 PMBUS_DATA FPWM2/GPIO6 PMBUS_CLK 16 FPWM1/GPIO5 15 8 26 43 48 49 64 PIN FUNCTIONS PIN NAME PIN NO. I/O TYPE DESCRIPTION ANALOG MONITOR INPUTS MON1 1 I Analog input (0 V–2.5 V) MON2 2 I Analog input (0 V–2.5 V) MON3 3 I Analog input (0 V–2.5 V) MON4 4 I Analog input (0 V–2.5 V) MON5 5 I Analog input (0 V–2.5 V) MON6 6 I Analog input (0 V–2.5 V) MON7 59 I Analog input (0 V–2.5 V) 6 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 UCD90124 www.ti.com SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 PIN FUNCTIONS (continued) PIN NAME PIN NO. I/O TYPE DESCRIPTION MON8 62 I Analog input (0 V–2.5 V) MON9 63 I Analog input (0 V–2.5 V) MON10 50 I Analog input (0.2 V–2.5 V) MON11 52 I Analog input (0.2 V–2.5 V) MON12 54 I Analog input (0.2 V–2.5 V) MON13 56 I Analog input (0.2 V–2.5 V) GPIO1 11 I/O General-purpose discrete I/O GPIO2 12 I/O General-purpose discrete I/O GPIO3 13 I/O General-purpose discrete I/O GPIO4 14 I/O General-purpose discrete I/O GPIO13 25 I/O General-purpose discrete I/O GPIO14 29 I/O General-purpose discrete I/O GPIO15 30 I/O General-purpose discrete I/O GPIO16 33 I/O General-purpose discrete I/O GPIO17 34 I/O General-purpose discrete I/O GPIO18 35 I/O General-purpose discrete I/O FPWM1/GPIO5 17 I/O/PWM PWM (15.259 kHz to 125 MHz) or GPIO FPWM2/GPIO6 18 I/O/PWM PWM (15.259 kHz to 125 MHz) or GPIO FPWM3/GPIO7 19 I/O/PWM PWM (15.259 kHz to 125 MHz) or GPIO FPWM4/GPIO8 20 I/O/PWM PWM (15.259 kHz to 125 MHz) or GPIO FPWM5/GPIO9 21 I/O/PWM PWM (15.259 kHz to 125 MHz) or GPIO FPWM6/GPIO10 22 I/O/PWM PWM (15.259 kHz to 125 MHz) or GPIO FPWM7/GPIO11 23 I/O/PWM PWM (15.259 kHz to 125 MHz) or GPIO FPWM8/GPIO12 24 I/O/PWM PWM (15.259 kHz to 125 MHz) or GPIO PWM1/GPI1 31 I/PWM Fixed 10-kHz PWM output or GPI PWM2/GPI2 32 I/PWM Fixed 1-kHz PWM output or GPI PWM3/GPI3 42 I/PWM PWM (0.93 Hz to 7.8125 MHz) or GPI PWM4/GPI4 41 I/PWM PWM (0.93 Hz to 7.8125 MHz) or GPI GPIO PWM OUTPUTS PMBus COMM INTERFACE PMBUS_CLK 15 I/O PMBus clock (must have pullup to 3.3 V) PMBUS_DATA 16 I/O PMBus data (must have pullup to 3.3 V) PMBALERT# 27 O PMBus alert, active-low, open-drain output (must have pullup to 3.3 V) PMBUS_CNTRL 28 I PMBus control PMBUS_ADDR0 61 I PMBus analog address input. Least-significant address bit PMBUS_ADDR1 60 I PMBus analog address input. Most-significant address bit JTAG TRCK 10 O Test return clock TCK/GPIO19 36 I/O Test clock or GPIO TDO/GPIO20 37 I/O Test data out or GPIO TDI/GPIO21 38 I/O Test data in (tie to Vdd with 10-kΩ resistor) or GPIO TMS/GPIO22 39 I/O Test mode select (tie to Vdd with 10-kΩ resistor) or GPIO TRST 40 I Test reset – tie to ground with 10-kΩ resistor Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 7 UCD90124 SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 www.ti.com PIN FUNCTIONS (continued) PIN NAME PIN NO. I/O TYPE DESCRIPTION INPUT POWER AND GROUNDS RESET 9 Active-low device reset input. Hold low for at least 2 μs to reset the device. V33FB 58 3.3-V linear regulator feedback connection V33A 46 Analog 3.3-V supply V33D 45 Digital core 3.3-V supply V33DIO1 7 Digital I/O 3.3-V supply V33DIO2 44 Digital I/O 3.3-V supply BPCap 47 1.8-V bypass capacitor – tie 0.1-μF capacitor to analog ground. AVSS1 49 Analog ground AVSS2 48 Analog ground AVSS3 64 Analog ground DVSS1 8 Digital ground DVSS2 26 Digital ground DVSS3 43 Digital ground QFP ground pad NA Thermal pad – tie to ground plane. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION TI FUSION GUI The Texas Instruments Fusion Digital Power Designer is provided for device configuration. This PC-based graphical user interface (GUI) offers an intuitive I2C/PMBus interface to the device. It allows the design engineer to configure the system operating parameters for the application without directly using PMBus commands, store the configuration to on-chip nonvolatile memory, and observe system status (voltage, temperature, etc). Fusion is referenced throughout the data sheet and many sections include screenshots. PMBUS INTERFACE The PMBus is a serial interface specifically designed to support power management. It is based on the SMBus interface that is built on the I2C physical specification. The UCD90124 supports revision 1.1 of the PMBus standard. Wherever possible, standard PMBus commands are used to support the function of the device. For unique features of the UCD90124, MFR_SPECIFIC commands are defined to configure or activate those features. These commands are defined in the UCD90xxx Sequencer and System Health Controller PMBUS Command Reference (SLVU352). This document makes frequent mention of the PMBus specification. Specifically, this document is PMBus Power System Management Protocol Specification Part II – Command Language, Revision 1.1, dated 5 February 2007. The specification is published by the Power Management Bus Implementers Forum and is available from www.pmbus.org. The UCD90124 is PMBus compliant, in accordance with the Compliance section of the PMBus specification. The firmware is also compliant with the SMBus 1.1 specification, including support for the SMBus ALERT function. The hardware can support either 100-kHz or 400-kHz PMBus operation. THEORY OF OPERATION Modern electronic systems often use numerous microcontrollers, DSPs, FPGAs, and ASICs. Each device can have multiple supply voltages to power the core processor, analog-to-digital converter or I/O. These devices are typically sensitive to the order and timing of how the voltages are sequenced on and off. The UCD90124 can sequence supply voltages to prevent malfunctions, intermittent operation, or device damage caused by improper power up or power down. Appropriate handling of under- and overvoltage faults, overcurrent faults and overtemperature faults can extend system life and improve long term reliability. The UCD90124 stores power supply faults to on-chip nonvolatile flash memory for aid in system failure analysis. Tach monitor inputs, PWM outputs and temperature measurements can be combined with a choice between two built-in fan-control algorithms to provide a stand-alone fan controller for independent operation of up to four fans. 8 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 UCD90124 www.ti.com SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 System reliability can be improved through four-corner testing during system verification. During four-corner testing, the system is operated at the minimum and maximum expected ambient temperature and with each power supply set to the minimum and maximum output voltage, commonly referred to as margining. The UCD90124 can be used to implement accurate closed-loop margining of up to 10 power supplies. The UCD90124 12-rail sequencer can be used in a PMBus- or pin-based control environment. The TI Fusion GUI provides a powerful but simple interface for configuring sequencing solutions for systems with between one and 12 power supplies using 13 analog voltage-monitor inputs, four GPIs and 22 highly configurable GPIOs. A rail can include voltage, temperature, current, a power-supply enable and a margining output. At least one must be included in a rail definition. Once the user has defined how the power-supply rails should operate in a particular system, analog input pins and GPIOs can be selected to monitor and enable each supply (Figure 3). Figure 3. Fusion Pin-Assignment Tab After the pins have been configured, other key monitoring and sequencing criteria are selected for each rail from the Vout Config tab (Figure 4): • Nominal operating voltage (Vout) • Undervoltage (UV) and overvoltage (OV) warning and fault limits • Margin-low and margin-high values • Power-good on and power-good off limits • PMBus or pin-based sequencing control (On/Off Config) • Rails that must achieve power good, or input pins that must be at a defined logic state before a rail is enabled (rail and input-pin dependencies) • Turnon and turnoff delay timing • Maximum time allowed for a rail to reach POWER_GOOD_ON or POWER_GOOD_OFF after being enabled or disabled • Other rails to turn off in case of a fault on a rail (fault-shutdown slaves) Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 9 UCD90124 SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 www.ti.com Figure 4. Fusion Vout-Config Tab The Synchronize margins/limits/PG to Vout checkbox is an easy way to change the nominal operating voltage of a rail and also update all of the other limits associated with that rail according to the percentages shown to the right of each entry. The plot in the upper left section of Figure 4 shows a simulation of the overall sequence-on and sequence-off configuration, including the nominal voltage, the turnon and turnoff delay times, the power-good on and power-good off voltages and any timing dependencies between the rails. After a rail voltage has reached its POWER_GOOD_ON voltage and is considered to be in regulation, it is compared against two UV and two OV thresholds in order to determine if a warning or fault limit has been exceeded. If a fault is detected, the UCD90124 responds based on a variety of flexible, user-configured options. Faults can cause rails to restart, shut down immediately, sequence off using turnoff delay times or shut down a group of rails and sequence them back on. Different types of faults can result in different responses. 10 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 UCD90124 www.ti.com SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 Figure 5. Fusion Other Config Tab for Fault Responses Fault responses, along with a number of other parameters including user-specific manufacturing information and external scaling and offset values, are selected in the Fusion Other Config tab. Once the configuration satisfies the user requirements, it can be written to device SRAM if Fusion is connected to a UCD90124 using an I2C/PMBus. SRAM contents can then be stored to data flash memory so that the configuration remains in the device after a reset or power cycle. The Fusion Monitor page has a number of options, including a device dashboard and a system dashboard, for viewing and controlling device and system status. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 11 UCD90124 SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 www.ti.com Figure 6. Fusion Monitor Page with Device Dashboard and System Dashboard The UCD90124 also has status registers for each rail and the capability to log faults to flash memory for use in system troubleshooting. This is helpful in the event of a power-supply or system failure. The status registers (Figure 7) and the fault log (Figure 8) are available in Fusion. See the UCD90xxx Sequencer and System Health Controller PMBus Command Reference and the PMBus Specification for detailed descriptions of each status register and supported PMBus commands. 12 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 UCD90124 www.ti.com SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 Figure 7. Fusion Rail-Status Register Figure 8. Fusion Flash-Error Log (Logged Faults) Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 13 UCD90124 SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 www.ti.com TRCK GPIO19/TCK JTAG MON1 MON2 . . . . MON13 Analog Inputs (13) Internal Temp Sense M U X 12-bit SAR ADC 200ksps Glitch MON1 – MON6 Filter Internal 2.5Vref 0.5% FLASH Memory MON1 – MON13 Monitoring Sequence-ON/ Sequence-OFF Configuration ENx Assert/ Deassert Rail Dependencies GPIO1 GPIOs Scaling & Unit Conversion Amps, °C, RPM PMBUS_CLK PMBALERT# GPIO21/TDI GPIO22/TMS User Configuration Fault Logging PMBUS_DATA GPIO20/TDO Fast Digital Comparators ENx 1-13 OR GPIO2 . . . GPIOx GPI/GPIO Dependencies PMBus PMBUS_CNTRL PMBUS_ADDR0 GPIO 5-12 14,15 GPO/ENx Control Config PMBUS_ADDR1 FPWM1/GPIO5 or PWM1/GPI1 PWM2/GPI2 Margining/ Trim Algorithm PWMs PWM3/GPI3 FPWM 1-8 and Margin Control OR FPWM2/GPIO6 . . . . FPWM8/GPIO12 PWM4/GPI4 SEQUENCING ENGINE Figure 9. Detailed Block Diagram POWER-SUPPLY SEQUENCING The UCD90124 can control the turnon and turnoff sequencing of up to 12 voltage rails by using a GPIO to set a power-supply enable pin high or low. In PMBus-based designs, the system PMBus master can initiate a sequence-on event by asserting the PMBUS_CNTRL pin or by sending the OPERATION command over the I2C serial bus. In pin-based designs, the PMBUS_CNTRL pin can also be used to sequence-on and sequence-off. The auto-enable setting ignores the OPERATION command and the PMBUS_CNTRL pin. Sequence-on is started at power up after any dependencies and time delays are met for each rail. A rail is considered to be on or within regulation when the measured voltage for that rail crosses the power-good on (POWER_GOOD_ON (1)) limit. The rail is still in regulation until the voltage drops below power-good off (POWER_GOOD_OFF). (1) 14 In this document configuration parameters such as Power Good On are referred to using Fusion GUI names. The UCD90xxx Sequencer and System Health Controller PMBus Command Reference name is shown in parentheses (POWER_GOOD_ON) the first time the parameter appears. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 UCD90124 www.ti.com SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 Turnon Sequencing The following sequence-on options are supported for each rail: PMBUS_CNTRL PIN TON_DELAY[1] RAIL 1 EN POWER_GOOD_ON[1] RAIL 1 VOLTAGE RAIL 2 EN TOFF_DELAY[1] POWER_GOOD_OFF[1] TON_DELAY[2] TOFF_DELAY[2] RAIL 2 VOLTAGE TON_MAX_FAULT _LIMIT[2] Rail 1 and Rail 2 are both sequenced “ON” and “OFF” by the PMBUS_CNTRL pin only Rail 2 has Rail 1 as an “ON” dependency TOFF_MAX_WARN_LIMIT[2] Figure 10. Sequence-on and Sequence-off Timing • • • • • • Monitor only – do not sequence-on Fixed delay time after a PMBus OPERATION command to turn on Fixed delay time after assertion of the PMBUS_CNTRL pin Fixed time after one or a group of parent rails achieves regulation Fixed time after a designated GPI has reached a user-specified state Any combination of the previous options The maximum TON_DELAY time is 3276 ms. Turn-off Sequencing The following sequence-off options are supported for each rail: • Monitor only – do not sequence-off • Fixed delay time after a PMBus OPERATION command to turn off • Fixed delay time after deassertion of the PMBUS_CNTRL pin • Fixed delay time in response to an undervoltage, overvoltage, undercurrent, overcurrent, undertemperature, overtemperature, or max turnon fault on the rail • Fixed delay time in response to a fault on a different rail when set as a fault shutdown slave to the faulted rail • Fixed delay time in response to a GPIO reaching a user-specified state The maximum TOFF_DELAY time is 3276 ms. Sequencing Configuration Options In addition to the turnon and turnoff sequencing options, the time between when a rail is enabled and when the monitored rail voltage must reach its power-good-on setting can be configured using max turnon (TON_MAX_FAULT_LIMIT). Max turnon can be set in 1-ms increments. A value of 0 ms means that there is no limit and the device can try to turn on the output voltage indefinitely. Rails can be configured to turn off immediately or to sequence-off according to user-defined delay times. A sequenced shutdown is configured by selecting the appropriate turnoff delay (TOFF_DELAY) times for each rail. The turnoff delay times begin when the PMBUS_CNTRL pin is deasserted, when the PMBus OPERATION command is used to give a soft-stop command, or when a fault occurs on a rail that has other rails set as fault-shutdown slaves. Shutdowns on one rail can initiate shutdowns of other rails or controllers. In systems with multiple UCD90124s, it is possible for each controller to be both a master and a slave to another controller. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 15 UCD90124 SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 www.ti.com VOLTAGE MONITORING Up to 13 voltages can be monitored using the analog input pins. The input voltage range is 0 V–2.5 V for MON pins 1–6, 59, 62 and 63. Pins 50, 52, 54, and 56 can measure down to 0.2 V. Any voltage between 0 V and 0.2 V on these pins is read as 0.2 V. External resistors can be used to attenuate voltages higher than 2.5 V. The ADC operates continuously, requiring 3.89 μs to convert a single analog input and 54.5 μs to convert all 14 of the analog inputs, including the onboard temperature sensor. Each rail is sampled by the sequencing and monitoring algorithm every 400 μs. The maximum source impedance of any sampled voltage should be less than 4 kΩ. The source impedance limit is particularly important when a resistor-divider network is used to lower the voltage applied to the analog input pins. MON pins selected for rail 1 through rail 6 have optional digital hardware comparators, which can be used to achieve faster fault responses. Each hardware comparator has two thresholds (one UV and one OV) as opposed to four software thresholds. The hardware comparators respond to UV or OV conditions in about 80 μs (faster than 400 µs for the ADC inputs) and can be used to disable rails or assert GPOs. The only fault response available for the hardware comparators is to shut down immediately. An internal 2.5-V reference is used by the ADC. The ADC reference has a tolerance of ±0.5% between 0°C and 125°C and a tolerance of ±1% between –40°C and 125°C. An external voltage divider is required for monitoring voltages higher than 2.5 V. The nominal rail voltage and the external scale factor can be entered into the Fusion GUI and are used to report the actual voltage being monitored instead of the ADC input voltage. The nominal voltage is used to set the range and precision of the reported voltage according to Table 1. Table 1. Voltage Range and Resolution VOLTAGE RANGE (Volts) RESOLUTION (millivolts) 0 to 127.99805 1.95313 0 to 63.99902 0.97656 0 to 31.99951 0.48828 0 to 15.99976 0.24414 0 to 7.99988 0.12207 0 to 3.99994 0.06104 0 to 1.99997 0.03052 0 to 0.99998 0.01526 Although the monitor results can be reported with a resolution of about 15 μV, the real conversion resolution of 610 μV is fixed by the 2.5-V reference and the 12-bit ADC. The MON pins can directly measure voltages, but each input can be defined as a voltage, current,or temperature. A single rail can include all three measurement types, each monitored on separate MON pins. If a rail has both voltage and current assigned to it, then power can be calculated and reported for the rail. Digital filtering applied to each MON input depends on the type of signal. Voltage inputs have no filtering. Current inputs have a low-pass filter with a time constant of about 1 second. Temperature inputs have a low-pass filter with a time constant of about 12.4 seconds. CURRENT MONITORING Current can be monitored using the analog inputs. External circuitry must be used in order to convert the current to a voltage within the range of the UCD90124 MONx input being used. If a monitor input is configured as a current, the measurements are smoothed by a sliding-average digital filter with a time constant of approximately 1 second. The filter reduces the probability of false fault detections, and introduces a small delay to the current reading. If a rail is defined with a voltage monitor and a current monitor, then monitoring for undercurrent warnings begins once the rail voltage reaches POWER_GOOD_ON. If the rail does not have a voltage monitor, then current monitoring begins after TON_DELAY. 16 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 UCD90124 www.ti.com SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 The device supports multiple PMBus commands related to current, including READ_IOUT, which reads external currents from the MON pins; IOUT_OC_FAULT_LIMIT, which sets the overcurrent fault limit; IOUT_OC_WARN_LIMIT, which sets the overcurrent warning limit; and IOUT_UC_FAULT_LIMIT, which sets the undercurrent fault limit. The UCD90xxx Sequencer and System Health Controller PMBus Command Reference contains a detailed description of how current fault responses are implemented using PMBus commands. IOUT_CAL_GAIN is a PMBus command that allows the scale factor of an external current sensor and any amplifiers or attenuators between the current sensor and the MON pin to be entered by the user in milliohms. IOUT_CAL_OFFSET is the current that results in 0 V at the MON pin. The combination of these PMBus commands allows current to be reported in amperes. REMOTE TEMPERATURE MONITORING AND INTERNAL TEMPERATURE SENSOR The UCD90124 has support for internal and remote temperature sensing. The internal temperature sensor requires no calibration and can report the device temperature via the PMBus interface. The remote temperature sensor can report the remote temperature by using a configurable gain and offset for the type of sensor that is used in the application [P-N junction or a linear temperature sensor (LTS)] connected to the analog inputs. External circuitry must be used in order to convert the temperature to a voltage within the range of the UCD90124 MONx input being used. If an input is configured as a temperature, the measurements are smoothed by a sliding average digital filter with a time constant of approximately 12.4 seconds. The filter reduces the probability of false fault detections, and introduces a small delay to the temperature reading. The internal device temperature is measured using a silicon diode sensor with an accuracy of ±5°C and is also monitored using the ADC. Temperature monitoring begins immediately after reset and initialization. The device supports multiple PMBus commands related to temperature, including READ_TEMPERATURE_1, which reads the internal temperature; READ_TEMPERATURE_2, which reads external temperatures; and OT_FAULT_LIMIT and OT_WARN_LIMIT, which set the overtemperature fault and warning limit. The UCD90xxx Sequencer and System Health Controller PMBus Command Reference contains a detailed description of how temperature-fault responses are implemented using PMBus commands. TEMPERATURE_CAL_GAIN is a PMBus command that allows the scale factor of an external temperature sensor and any amplifiers or attenuators between the temperature sensor and the MON pin to be entered by the user in °C/V. TEMPERATURE_CAL_OFFSET is the temperature that results in 0 V at the MON pin. The combination of these PMBus commands allows temperature to be reported in degrees Celsius. Diode sensors require a different sensing technique. The UCD90124 measures the diode voltage at two different bias current settings. The UCD90124 calculates the temperature based on the difference between these two voltages using TEMPERATURE_CAL_GAIN and TEMPERATURE_CAL_OFFSET settings. Figure 11 shows a typical diode temperature-sensing circuit. When the Ibias source in the UCD90124 is off, the current through the diode is (3.3 V – 0.3 V) / 1MΩ = ~3 µA. When the Ibias source is on, the diode current is ~3 µA + 10 µA = 13 µA. To reduce noise on the temperature measurement, a 1000-pF capacitor is recommended to be placed at the MONx input used to measure temperature. +3.3V TEMP_BIAS (GPO) 1M 280k MONx 1000 pF Figure 11. Diode Temperature-Sense Circuit Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 17 UCD90124 SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 www.ti.com FAULT RESPONSES AND ALARM PROCESSING Software monitors that the rail stays within a window of normal operation. There are two programmable warning levels (under and over) and two programmable fault levels (under and over). When any monitored voltage, current, or temperature goes outside of the warning or fault window, the PMBALERT# pin is asserted immediately, and the appropriate bits are set in the PMBus status registers (see Figure 9). Detailed descriptions of the status registers are provided in the UCD90xxx Sequencer and System Health Controller PMBus Command Reference and the PMBus Specification. A programmable glitch filter can be enabled or disabled for each MON input. A glitch filter for an input defined as a voltage can be set between 0 and 102 ms with 400-μs resolution. A glitch filter for an input defined as a current or temperature can be between 0 and 25.5 seconds with 100-ms resolution. The longer time constants are due to the fixed low-pass digital filters associated with current and temperature inputs. Fault-response decisions are based on results from the 12-bit ADC. The device cycles through the ADC results and compares them against the programmed limits. The time to respond to an individual event is determined by when the event occurs within the ADC conversion cycle and the selected fault response. PMBUS_CNTRL PIN RAIL 1 EN TON_DELAY[1] TOFF_DELAY[1] TIME BETWEEN RESTARTS TIME BETWEEN RESTARTS MAX_GLITCH_TIME + TOFF_DELAY[1] MAX_GLITCH_TIME + TOFF_DELAY[1] TIME BETWEEN RESTARTS VOUT_OV_FAULT _LIMIT VOUT_UV_FAULT _LIMIT RAIL 1 VOLTAGE POWER_GOOD_ON[1] MAX_GLITCH_TIME TON_DELAY[2] RAIL 2 EN TOFF_DELAY[1] MAX_GLITCH_TIME MAX_GLITCH_TIME TOFF_DELAY[2] RAIL 2 VOLTAGE Rail 1 and Rail 2 are both sequenced “ON” and “OFF” by the PMBUS_CNTRL pin only Rail 2 has Rail 1 as an “ON” dependency Rail 1 has Rail 2 as a Fault Shutdown Slave Rail 1 is set to use the glitch filter for UV or OV events Rail 1 is set to RESTART 3 times after a UV or OV event Rail 1 is set to shutdown with delay for a OV event Figure 12. Sequencing and Fault-Response Timing PMBUS_CNTRL PIN TON_DELAY[1] RAIL 1 EN Rail 1 and Rail 2 are both sequenced “ON” and “OFF” by the PMBUS_CNTRL pin only Time Between Restarts Rail 2 has Rail 1 as an “ON” dependency Rail 1 is set to shutdown immediately and RESTART 1 time in case of a Time On Max fault POWER_GOOD_ON[1] POWER_GOOD_ON[1] RAIL 1 VOLTAGE TON_MAX_FAULT_LIMIT[1] TON_DELAY[2] TON_MAX_FAULT_LIMIT[1] RAIL 2 EN RAIL 2 VOLTAGE Figure 13. Maximum Turnon Fault The configurable fault limits are: Maximum turnon fault – Flagged if a rail that is enabled does not reach the POWER_GOOD_ON limit within the configured time Undervoltage warning – Flagged if a voltage rail drops below the specified UV warning limit after reaching the POWER_GOOD_ON setting 18 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 UCD90124 www.ti.com SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 Undervoltage fault – Flagged if a rail drops below the specified UV fault limit after reaching the POWER_GOOD_ON setting Overvoltage warning – Flagged if a rail exceeds the specified OV warning limit at any time during startup or operation Overvoltage fault – Flagged if a rail exceeds the specified OV fault limit at any time during startup or operation Maximum turnoff warning – Flagged if a rail that is commanded to shut down does not reach 12.5% of the nominal rail voltage within the configured time Faults are more serious than warnings. The PMBALERT# pin is always asserted immediately if a warning or fault occurs. If a warning occurs, the following takes place: Warning Actions — Immediately assert the PMBALERT# pin — Status bit is flagged — Assert a GPIO pin (optional) — Warnings are not logged to flash A number of fault response options can be chosen from: Fault Responses — Continue Without Interruption: Flag the fault and take no action Shut Down Immediately: Shut down the faulted rail immediately and restart according to the rail configuration — Shut Down using TOFF_DELAY: If a fault occurs on a rail, exhaust whatever retries are configured. If the rail does not come back, schedule the shutdown of this rail and all fault-shutdown slaves. All selected rails, including the faulty rail, are sequenced off according to their T_OFF_DELAY times. If Do Not Restart is selected, then sequence off all selected rails when the fault is detected. Restart — Do Not Restart: Do not attempt to restart a faulted rail after it has been shut down. — Restart Up To N Times: Attempt to restart a faulted rail up to 14 times after it has been shut down. The time between restarts is measured between when the rail enable pin is deasserted (after any glitch filtering and turnoff delay times, if configured to observe them) and then reasserted. It can be set between 0 and 1275 ms in 5-ms increments. — Restart Continuously: Same as Restart Up To N Times except that the device continues to restart until the fault goes away, it is commanded off by the specified combination of PMBus OPERATION command and PMBUS_CNTRL pin status, the device is reset, or power is removed from the device. — Shut Down Rails and Sequence On: Shut down selected rails immediately or after continue-operation time is reached and then sequence-on those rails using turnon delay times SHUT DOWN ALL RAILS AND SEQUENCE ON In response to a fault, the UCD90124 can be configured to turn off a set of rails and then sequence them back on. To sequence all rails in the system, then all rails must be selected as fault-shutdown slaves of the faulted rail. If the faulted rail is set to stop immediately or stop with delay, then the rails designated as fault-shutdown slaves behave the same way. Shut-down-all-rails and sequence-on are not performed until retries are exhausted for a given fault. While waiting for the rails to turn off, an error is reported if any of the rails reaches its TOFF_MAX_WARN_LIMIT. There is a configurable option to continue with the resequencing operation if this occurs. After the faulted rail and Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 19 UCD90124 SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 www.ti.com fault-shutdown slaves sequence-off, the UCD90124 waits for a programmable delay time between 0 and 1275 ms in increments of 5 ms and then sequences-on the faulted rail and fault-shutdown slaves according to the start-up sequence configuration. This is repeated until the faulted rail and fault-shutdown slaves successfully achieve regulation or for a user-selected 1, 2, 3, or 4 times. If the resequence operation is successful, the resequence counter is reset if all of the rails that were resequenced maintain normal operation for one second. Once shut-down-all-rails and sequence-on begin, any faults on the fault-shutdown slave rails are ignored. If there are two or more simultaneous faults with different fault-shutdown slaves, the more conservative action is taken. For example, if a set of rails is already on its second resequence and the device is configured to resequence three times, and another set of rails enters the resequence state, that second set of rails is only resequenced once. Another example – if one set of rails is waiting for all of its rails to shut down so that it can resequence, and another set of rails enters the resequence state, the device now waits for all rails from both sets to shut down before resequencing. GPIOs The UCD90124 has 22 GPIO pins that can function as either inputs or outputs. Each GPIO has configurable output mode options including open-drain or push-pull outputs that can be actively driven to 3.3 V or ground. There are an additional four pins that can be used as either inputs or PWM outputs but not as GPOs. Table 2 lists possible uses for the GPIO pins and the maximum number of each type for each use. GPIO pins can be dependents in sequencing and alarm processing. They can also be used for system-level functions such as external interrupts, power-goods, resets, or for the cascading of multiple devices. GPOs can be sequenced up or down by configuring a rail without a MON pin but with a GPIO set as an enable. Table 2. GPIO Pin Configuration Options PIN NAME PIN RAIL EN (12 MAX) GPI (8 MAX) GPO (12 MAX) FAN TACH (4 MAX) FAN PWM (4 MAX) PWM OUT (12 MAX) MARGIN PWM (12 MAX) FPWM1/GPIO5 17 X X X X X X X FPWM2/GPIO6 18 X X X X X X X FPWM3/GPIO7 19 X X X X X X X FPWM4/GPIO8 20 X X X X X X X FPWM5/GPIO9 21 X X X X X X X FPWM6/GPIO10 22 X X X X X X X FPWM7/GPIO11 23 X X X X X X X FPWM8/GPIO12 24 X X X X X X X FANTAC1/GPI1/PWM1 31 X X X X X FANTAC2/GPI2/PWM2 32 X X X X X FANTAC3/GPI3/PWM3 42 X X X X X FANTAC4/GPI4/PWM4 41 X X X X X GPIO1 11 X X X X GPIO2 12 X X X X GPIO3 13 X X X X GPIO4 14 X X X X GPIO13 25 X X X X GPIO14 29 X X X X GPIO15 30 X X X X GPIO16 33 X X X X GPIO17 34 X X X X GPIO18 35 X X X X TCK/GPIO19 36 X X X X TDO/GPIO20 37 X X X X TDI/GPIO21 38 X X X X TMS/GPIO22 39 X X X X 20 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 UCD90124 www.ti.com SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 GPI Special Functions Figure 14 lists and describes five special input functions for which GPIs can be used. There can be no more than one pin assigned to each of these functions. Figure 14. GPI Configuration – Special Input Functions PWM Outputs Pins 17–24 can be configured as fast pulse-width modulators (FPWMs). The frequency range is 15.259 kHz to 125 MHz. FPWMs can be configured as closed-loop margining outputs or general-purpose PWMs. Any FPWM pin not used as a PWM output can be configured as a GPIO. One FPWM in a pair can be used as a PWM output and the other pin can be used as a GPO. The FPWM pins are actively driven low from reset when used as GPOs. The frequency settings for the FPWMs apply to pairs of pins: • FPWM1 and FPWM2 – same frequency • FPWM3 and FPWM4 – same frequency • FPWM5 and FPWM6 – same frequency • FPWM7 and FPWM8 – same frequency If an FPWM pin from a pair is not used while its companion is set up to function, it is recommended to configure the unused FPWM pin as an active-low open-drain GPO so that it does not disturb the rest of the system. By setting an FPWM, it automatically enables the other FPWM within the pair if it was not configured for any other functionality. Pins 31, 32, 41, and 42 can be used as GPIs or PWM outputs. If • • • configured as PWM outputs, then limitations apply: PWM1 has a fixed frequency of 10 kHz PWM2 has a fixed frequency of 1 kHz PWM3 and PWM4 frequencies can be 0.93 Hz to 7.8125 MHz. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 21 UCD90124 SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 www.ti.com Programmable Multiphase PWMs The FPWMs can be aligned with reference to their phase. The phase for each FPWM is configurable from 0° to 360°. This provides flexibility in PWM-based applications such as power-supply controller, digital clock generation, and others. See an example of four FPWMs programmed to have phases at 0°, 90°, 180° and 270° (Figure 15). Figure 15. Multiphase PWMs Power-Supply Enables Each GPIO can be configured as a rail-enable pin with either active-low or active-high polarity. Output mode options include open-drain or push-pull outputs that can be actively driven to 3.3 V or ground. During reset, the GPIO pins are high-impedance except for FPWM/GPIO pins 17–24, which are driven low. External pulldown or pullup resistors can be tied to the enable pins to hold the power supplies off during reset. The UCD90124 can support a maximum of 12 enable pins. Cascading Multiple Devices A GPIO pin can be used to coordinate multiple controllers by using it as a power good-output from one device and connecting it to the PMBUS_CNTRL input pin of another. This imposes a master/slave relationship among multiple devices. During startup, the slave controllers initiate their start sequences after the master has completed its start sequence and all rails have reached regulation voltages. During shutdown, as soon as the master starts to sequence-off, it sends the shut-down signal to its slaves. A shutdown on one or more of the master rails can initiate shutdowns of the slave devices. The master shutdowns can be initiated intentionally or by a fault condition. This method works to coordinate multiple controllers, but it does not enforce interdependency between rails within a single controller. The PMBus specification implies that the power-good signal is active when ALL the rails in a controller are regulating at their programmed voltage. The UCD90124 allows GPIOs to be configured to respond to a desired subset of power-good signals. GPO Dependencies GPIOs can be configured as outputs that are based on Boolean combinations of up to four ANDs all ORed together (Figure 16). Inputs to the logic blocks can include GPIs and rail-status flags. One rail status type is selectable as an input for each AND gate in a Boolean block. For a selected rail status, the status flags of all active rails can be included as inputs to the AND gate. _LATCH rail-status types stay asserted until cleared by a MFR PMBus command or by a specially configured GPI pin. The different rail-status types are shown in Figure 18. See the UCD90xxx Sequencer and System Health Controller PMBus Command Reference for complete definitions of rail-status types. 22 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 UCD90124 www.ti.com SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 GPI_INVERSE(0) GPI_POLARITY(0) GPI_ENABLE(0) _GPI(0) 1 GPI(0) _GPI (1:7) _STATUS(0:11) Sub - block repeated for each of GPI(1:7) 0 There is one STATUS_TYPE_SELECT for each of the four AND gates in a boolean block. See Status Types on next slide. 1 STATUS_TYPE_SELECT(x,0) Status Type 1 1 13 STATUS(0) _GPI (0:7) STATUS(1) _STATUS(0:12) 1 13 Status Type 35 GPO_INVERSE(x) GPOx 13 _GPI (0:7) Sub - block repeated for each of STATUS(0:11) 2 _STATUS(0:12) STATUS_INVERSE(12) STATUS(12) STATUS_ENABLE(12) 1 _STATUS(12) _GPI (0:7) 3 _STATUS(0:12) Figure 16. Boolean Logic Combinations Figure 17. Fusion Boolean Logic Builder Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 23 UCD90124 SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 www.ti.com 1. 2. 3. POWER_GOOD(0:12) VOUT_OV_FAULT(0:12) VOUT_OV_FAULT_LATCH(0:12) 20. 21. 22. TEMP_OT_FAULT(0:12) TEMP_OT_FAULT_LATCH(0:12) TEMP_OT_WARN(0:12) 4. 5. 6. VOUT_OV_WARN(0:12) VOUT_OV_WARN_LATCH(0:12) VOUT_UV_WARN(0:12) 23. 24. 25. TEMP_OT_WARN_LATCH(0:12) INPUT_VIN_OV_FAULT(0:12) INPUT_VIN_OV_FAULT_LATCH(0:12) 7. 8. VOUT_UV_WARN_LATCH(0:12) VOUT_UV_FAULT(0:12) 26. 27. INPUT_VIN_OV_WARN(0:12) INPUT_VIN_OV_WARN_LATCH(0:12) 9. 10. VOUT_UV_FAULT_LATCH(0:12) VOUT_TON_FAULT(0:12) 28. 29. INPUT_VIN_UV_WARN(0:12) INPUT_VIN_UV_WARN_LATCH(0:12) 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. VOUT_TON_FAULT_LATCH(0:12) VOUT_TOFF_WARN(0:12) VOUT_TOFF_WARN_LATCH(0:12) IOUT_OC_FAULT(0:12) IOUT_OC_FAULT_LATCH(0:12) IOUT_OC_WARN(0:12) IOUT_OC_WARN_LATCH(0:12) IOUT_UC_FAULT(0:12) IOUT_UC_FAULT_LATCH(0:12) 30. 31. 32. 33. INPUT_VIN_UV_FAULT(0:12) INPUT_VIN_UV_FAULT_LATCH(0:12) MFR_SEQ_TIMEOUT(0:12) MFR_SEQ_TIMEOUT_LATCH(0:12) Figure 18. Rail-Status Types MARGINING Margining is used in product validation testing to verify that the complete system works properly over all conditions, including minimum and maximum power-supply voltages, load range, ambient temperature range, and other relevant parameter variations. Margining can be controlled over PMBus using the OPERATION command or by configuring two GPIO pins as margin-EN and margin-UP/DOWN inputs. The MARGIN_CONFIG command in the UCD90xxx Sequencer and System Health Controller PMBus Command Reference describes different available margining options, including ignoring faults while margining and using closed-loop margining to trim the power-supply output voltage one time at power up. 24 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 UCD90124 www.ti.com SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 Open-loop margining is done by connecting a power-supply feedback node to ground through one resistor and to the margined power supply output (VOUT) through another resistor. The power-supply regulation loop responds to the change in feedback node voltage by increasing or decreasing the power-supply output voltage to return the feedback voltage to the original value. The voltage change is determined by the fixed resistor values and the voltage at VOUT and ground. Two GPIO pins must be configured as open-drain outputs for connecting resistors from the feedback node of each power supply to VOUT or ground. MON(1:13) 3.3V UCD90124 POWER SUPPLY 10k W GPIO(1:12) /EN 3.3V Vout VOUT VFB Rmrg_HI V BF GPIO GPIO “0” or “1” VOUT “0” or “1” Rmrg_LO 3.3V POWER SUPPLY 10k W /EN Vout VOUT VFB VFB Rmrg_HI VOUT . 3.3V Rmrg_LO Open Loop Margining Figure 19. Open-Loop Margining Closed-loop margining uses a PWM or FPWM output for each power supply that is being margined. An external RC network converts the FPWM pulse train into a dc margining voltage. The margining voltage is connected to the appropriate power-supply feedback node through a resistor. The power-supply output voltage is monitored, and the margining voltage is controlled by adjusting the PWM duty cycle until the power-supply output voltage reaches the margin-low and margin-high voltages set by the user. For more details on configuring the UCD90124 for margining, see the Voltage Margining Using the UCD9012x application note (SLVA375). MON (1:13) 3.3V UCD90124 POWER SUPPLY /EN VOUT 10k W GPIO VFB 250 kHz – 1MHz FPWM 1 Vout R1 VFB Vmarg R3 R4 C1 Closed Loop Margining R2 Figure 20. Closed-Loop Margining Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 25 UCD90124 SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 www.ti.com FAN CONTROL The UCD90124 can control and monitor up to four two-, three- or four-wire fans. Up to four GPIO pins can be used as tachometer inputs. The number of fan tach pulses per revolution for each fan can be entered using the Fusion GUI. A fan speed-fault threshold can be set to trigger an alarm if the measured speed drops below a user-defined value. The two- and three-wire fans are controlled by connecting the positive input of the fan to the specified supply voltage for the fan. The negative input of the fan is connected to the collector or drain of a transistor. The transistor is turned off and on using a GPIO pin. Four-wire fans can be controlled the same way. However, four-wire fans should use the fan PWM input (the fourth wire). It can be driven directly by one of the eight FPWM or the two adjustable PWM outputs. The normal frequency range for the PWM input is 15 kHz to 40 kHz, but the specifications for the fan confirm the interface procedure. Temperature senso sensor r MONx AVSS 3 12 V 2--wire Fan 12 V UCD90124 MOSFET turns fan on and off GPIO GND DC Fan GPIO controls MOSFET Figure 21. Two-Wire Fan Connection 26 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 UCD90124 www.ti.com SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 Temperature senso sensor r MONx AVSS 3 12 V 3--wire Fan 12 V UCD90124 GPIO Fan Tach output to GPI/GPIO for fan speed monitoring TACH MOSFET turns fan on and off GPIO GND DC Fan GPIO controls MOSFET Figure 22. Three-Wire Fan Connection Temperature senso sensor r MONx AVSS 3 44-wire Fan 12 V UCD90124 FPWM GPIO 15kHz – 30kHz 3.3V PWM signal changes fan speed with duty cycle 12V PWM TACH 3.3V TACH output to GPI/GPIO for fan speed monitoring DC Fan GND Figure 23. Four-Wire Fan Connection The UCD90124 autocalibrate feature automatically finds and records the turnon, turnoff and maximum speeds and duty cycles for any fan. Fans have a minimum speed at which they turn on, a turn-off speed that is usually slightly lower than the turn-on speed, and a maximum speed that occurs at slightly less than 100% duty cycle. Each speed has a PWM duty cycle that goes with it. Every fan is slightly different, even if the model numbers are the same. The built-in temperature control algorithms use the actual measured operating speed range instead of 0 RPM to rated speed of the fan to improve the fan control algorithms. The user can choose whether to use autocalibrate or to manually enter the fan data. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 27 UCD90124 SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 www.ti.com The UCD90124 can control up to four independent fans as defined in the PMBus standard. When enabled, the FAN-PWM control output provides a digital signal with a configurable frequency and duty cycle, with a duty cycle that is set based on the FAN_COMMAND_1 PMBus command. The PWM can be set to frequencies between 1 Hz and 125 MHz based on the UCD90124 PWM type selected for the fan control. The duty cycle can be set from 0% to 100% with 1% resolution. The FAN-TACH fan-control input counts the number of transitions in the tachometer output from the fan in each 1-second interval. The tachometer can be read by issuing the READ_FAN_SPEED_1 command. The speed is returned in RPMs. Fault limits can also be set for the tachometer speed by issuing the FAN_SPEED_FAULT_LIMIT command and the status checked by issuing the STATUS_FAN_1_2 command. See the UCD90xxx Sequencer and System Health Controller PMBus Command Reference for a complete description of each command. The UCD90124 also supports two fan control algorithms. Hysteretic Fan Control TempON and TempOFF levels are input by the user. TempON is higher than TempOFF. A GPIO pin is used to turn the fan or fans on at full speed when the monitored temperature reaches TempON and to turn the fans off when the temperature drops below TempOFF. TOT Inputs: TON, TOFF, TOT, Update Interval, Rail where MEAS_TEMP is monitored, GPOx pin • System starts up at t = 0 seconds • MEAS_TEMP = 25°C → ambient temp • GPO/PWM is low and Fan is off • Check MEAS_TEMP every 1 second (or 250 msec) • When MEAS_TEMP = TON, set GPO/PWM = 1 → turn fan on • Leave GPO/PWM = 1 unless MEAS_TEMP < TOFF • If MEAS_TEMP is > TON, declare a fault and take the prescribed action. Temp increase above TON : Assert GPO to turn on Fan Temp drops below above TOFF : De-assert GPO to turn off Fan TON TOFF Temp drops below TON : GPO and Fan stays on (hysteresis) MEAS_TEMP 25°C (tamb) t = 0 sec 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1 GPO output 0 t = 0 sec 1 MaxSpeed Fan Speed Off t = 0 sec 1 Figure 24. Hysteretic Temperature Control for 2- or 3-wire Fans Set Point Fan Control The second algorithm (Figure 25) uses five control set points that each have a temperature and a fan speed. When the monitored temperature increases above one of the set point temperatures, the fan speed is increased to the corresponding set point value. When the monitored temperature drops below a set point temperature, the fan speed is reduced to the corresponding set point value. The ramp rate for speed can be selected, allowing the user to optimize fan performance and minimize audible noise. The fan speed is varied by changing the duty cycle of a PWM output. For two- and three-wire fans, as the fan is turned on and off, the inertia of the fan smoothes out the fan speed changes, resulting in variable speed operation. This approach can be taken with any fan, but would most likely be used with two- or three-wire fans at a PWM frequency in the 40-Hz to 80-Hz range. Four-wire fans would use the PWM input as described earlier in this section. 28 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 UCD90124 www.ti.com SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 TOT TEMP5, SPD5 TEMP4, SPD4 TEMP3, SPD3 Inputs: TOT, Updates Interval, Rail that MEAS_TEMP TEMP2, SPD2 MEAS_TEMP is being monitored on, PWM pin, PWM freq, PWM temp rate, FANTAC TEMP1, SPD1 pin, 5x (TEMPn, SPEEDn) setpoints. 25°C (T ) • System starts up at t = 0 seconds t = 0 sec 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 • MEAS_TEMP = 25°C at ambient temp • PWM DUTY_CYCLE = 0% and fan is off SPD5 Max Speed • Check MEAS_TEMP every 250 ms (or 1 SPD4 Fan Speed ramps down to Target Speed Target and SPD3 s) by reducing PWM Duty Cycle Ramp Speed SPD2 • When MEAS_TEMP > TEMP1: Temp rises above Fan Speed ramps up to SPD1 – set SPEED_TARGET = SPEED1 TEMP1 à Target Speed Target Speed by Temp falls below increases to SPD1 increasing PWM Duty TEMP2 à Target Speed Cycle – increase DUTY_CYCLE to decreases to SPD1 Off (SPD0) DUTY_CYCLE_ON t = 0 sec 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 – increase DUTY_CYCLE by ramp rate (10%/second) until SPEED = SPEED_TARGET When MEAS_TEMP > TEMP2: 100% – set SPEED_TARGET = SPEED2 – increase DUTY_CYCLE by ramp PWM duty cycle rate until SPEED = SPEED_TARGET • Repeat as temperature is increased for 0% each new setpoint t = 0 sec 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 • If MEAS_TEMP > TOT, declare a fault Figure 25. Temperature and Speed Set Point PWM Control for and take the prescribed action Four-Wire Fans amb • • If temperature drops - above TEMP4 to below TEMP3 for example – when MEAS_TEMP drops below TEMP4, maintain SPEED4 → do not change the DUTY_CYCLE – when MEAS_TEMP drops below TEMP3, set SPEED_TARGET = SPEED3 – decrease DUTY_CYCLE by ramp rate (10%/second) until SPEED = SPEED_TARGET To turm the fan off when MEAS_TEMP < TEMP1, set SPEED1 = 0 RPM EXAMPLE: MEAS_TEMP = 25°C at ambient temp: • t = 0 to 5 sec: MEAS_TEMP increases from ambient to TEMP1 → increases SPEED_TARGET from SPD0 (Off) to SPD1 → increases DUTY_CYCLE from 0% to DUTYON (30%) → ACTUAL fan speed ramps up from 0 RPM to SPD1. • t = 5 to 10 sec: MEAS_TEMP increases > TEMP2 → increases SPEED_TARGET from SPD1 to SPD2 → increases DUTY_CYCLE → ACTUAL fan speed ramps up from SPD1 to SPD2. • t = 10 to 25 sec: MEAS_TEMP increases to > TEMP5 → SPEED_TARGET increases from SPD2 to SPD5 → DUTY_CYCLE ramps to DUTYMAX → ACTUAL fan speed increases SPD5. • t = 25 to 30 sec: MEAS_TEMP stays > TEMP5 → SPEED_TARGET and DUTY_CYCLE do not change → ACTUAL fan speed stays at SPD5. • t = 30 to 35 sec: MEAS_TEMP decreases to < TEMP4 → SPEED_TARGET drops to SPD4 and then to SPD3 → decreases DUTY_CYCLE → ACTUAL fan speed ramps down from SPD5 to SPD3. • t = 35 to 60 sec: MEAS_TEMP decreases to < TEMP1 → SPEED_TARGET drops to SPD0 → decreases DUTY_CYCLE to DUTYOFF → ACTUAL fan speed ramps down from SPD3 to SPD0 (Off). Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 29 UCD90124 SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 www.ti.com SYSTEM RESET SIGNAL The UCD90124 can generate a programmable system-reset pulse as part of sequence-on. The pulse is created by programming a GPIO to remain deasserted until the voltage of a particular rail or combination of rails reach their respective POWER_GOOD_ON levels plus a programmable delay time. The system-reset pulse duration can be programmed as shown in Table 3. Table 3. System-Reset Pulse Duration Pulse Duration 0 ms 1 ms 2 ms 4 ms 8 ms 16 ms 32 ms 64 ms 128 ms 256 ms 512 ms 1.02 s 2.05 s 4.10 s 8.19 s 16.38 s 32.8 s WATCH DOG TIMER A GPI and GPO can be configured as a watchdog timer (WDT). The WDT can be independent of power-supply sequencing or tied to a GPIO configured to provide a system-reset signal. The WDT can be reset by toggling a watchdog input (WDI) pin or by writing to SYSTEM_WATCHDOG_RESET over I2C. The WDT can be active immediately at power up or set to wait while the system initializes. Table 4 lists the programmable wait times before the initial timeout sequence begins. Table 4. WDT Initial Wait Time WDT INITIAL WAIT TIME 0 ms 100 ms 200 ms 400 ms 800 ms 1.6 s 3.2 s 6.4 s 12.8 s 25.6 s 51.2 s 102 s 205 s 30 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 UCD90124 www.ti.com SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 Table 4. WDT Initial Wait Time (continued) WDT INITIAL WAIT TIME 410 s 819 s 1638 s The watchdog timeout is programmable from 0 to 2.55 s with a 10-ms step size. If the WDT times out, the UCD90124 can assert a GPIO pin configured as WDO that is separate from a GPIO defined as system-reset pin, or it can generate a system-reset pulse. After a timeout, the WDT is restarted by toggling the WDI pin or by writing to SYSTEM_WATCHDOG_RESET over I2C. WDI <tWDI <tWDI <tWDI tWDI <tWDI WDO Figure 26. Timing of GPIOs Configured for Watchdog Timer Operation DATA AND ERROR LOGGING TO FLASH MEMORY The UCD90124 can log faults and the number of device resets to flash memory. Peak voltage, current, and temperature measurements are also stored for each rail. To reduce stress on the flash memory, a 30-second timer is started if a measured value exceeds the previously logged value. Only the highest value from the 30-second interval is written from RAM to flash. Multiple faults can be stored in flash memory and can be accessed over PMBus to help debug power-supply bugs or failures. Each logged fault includes: • Rail number • Fault type • Fault time since previous device reset • Last measured rail voltage The total number of device resets is also stored to flash memory. The value can be reset using PMBus. With the brownout function enabled, the run-time clock value, peak monitor values, and faults are only logged to flash when a power-down is detected. The device run-time clock value is stored across resets or power cycles unless the brownout function is disabled, in which case the run-time clock is returned to zero after each reset. It is also possible to update and calibrate the UCD90124 internal run-time clock via a PMBus host. For example, a host processor with a real-time clock could periodically update the UCD90124 run-time clock to a value that corresponds to the actual date and time. The host must translate the UCD90124 timer value back into the appropriate units, based on the usage scenario chosen. See the REAL_TIME_CLOCK command in the UCD90xxx Sequencer and System Health Controller PMBus Command Reference for more details. BROWNOUT FUNCTION The UCD90124 can be enabled to turn off all nonvolatile logging until a brownout event is detected. A brownout event occurs if VCC drops below 2.9 V. In order to enable this feature, the user must provide enough local capacitance to deliver up to 80 mA for 5 ms while maintaining a minimum of 2.6 V at the device. With this feature enabled, the UCD90124 saves faults, peaks, and other log data to SRAM during normal operation of the device. Once a brownout event is detected, all data is copied from SRAM to Flash. Use of this feature allows the UCD90124 to keep track of a single run-time clock that spans device resets or system power down (rather than resetting the run time clock after device reset). It can also improve the UCD90124 internal response time to events, because Flash writes are disabled during normal system operation. This is an optional feature and can be enabled using the MISC_CONFIG command. For more details, see the UCD90xxx Sequencer and System Health Controller PMBus Command Reference. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 31 UCD90124 SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 www.ti.com PMBUS ADDRESS SELECTION Two pins are allocated to decode the PMBus address. At power up, the device applies a bias current to each address-detect pin, and the voltage on that pin is captured by the internal 12-bit ADC. The PMBus address is calculated as follows. PMBus Address = 12 × bin(VAD01) + bin(VAD00) Where bin(VAD0x) is the address bin for one of eight addresses as shown in Table 5. The address bins are defined by the MIN and MAX VOLTAGE RANGE (V). Each bin is a constant ratio of 1.25 from the previous bin. This method maintains the width of each bin relative to the tolerance of standard 1% resistors. Table 5. PMBus Address Bins VPMBus PMBus VOLTAGE RANGE (V) ADDRESS BIN RPMBus PMBus RESISTANCE (kΩ) MIN MAX open 2.226 3.300 11 1.747 2.225 210 10 1.342 1.746 158 9 1.031 1.341 115 8 0.793 1.030 84.5 7 0.609 0.792 63.4 6 0.468 0.608 47.5 5 0.359 0.467 36.5 4 0.276 0.358 27.4 short 0 0.097 A low impedance (short) on either address pin that produces a voltage below the minimum voltage causes the PMBus address to default to address 126 (0x7F). A high impedance (open) on either address pin that produces a voltage above the maximum voltage also causes the PMBus address to default to address 126 (0x7F). Address 0 is not used because it is the PMBus general-call address. Addresses 11 and 127 can not be used by this device or any other device that shares the PMBus with it, because those are reserved for manufacturing programming and test. It is recommended that address 126 not be used for any devices on the PMBus, because this is the address that the UCD90124 defaults to if the address lines are shorted to ground or left open. Other SMBus/PMBus addresses have been assigned for specific devices. For a system with other types of devices connected to the same PMBus, see the SMBus device address assignments table in Appendix C of the latest version of the System Management Bus (SMBus) specification. The SMBus specification can be downloaded at http://smbus.org/specs/smbus20.pdf. Figure 27. PMBus Address-Detection Method HIGH VOLTAGE SUPPLY VOLTAGE REGULATOR The UCD90124 requires 3.3 V to operate. It can be provided directly on the various V33x pins using an external 32 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 UCD90124 www.ti.com SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 3.3-V regulator, or it can be generated from a higher voltage using a built-in series regulator and an external transistor. The external transistor must be an NPN device with a beta of at least 40 and a VCE rating appropriate for the high supply voltage. Figure 28 shows a typical circuit using the external series pass transistor. The NPN emitter output becomes the 3.3-V supply for the chip. A 4.7-μF bypass capacitor is required to stabilize the series regulator. To design this circuit, Q must be selected first. Two things are important about this NPN transistor: rated power and beta value (ß or hFE). A higher beta allows R to be larger, which results in a more efficient circuit. Also, Q must be able to dissipate the power lost in it, as it is the pass element in this linear regulator. This power can be calculated from Equation 1: Pdiss_Q = (Vin_max – 3.3 V) × IUCD90124 (1) (1) IUCD90124 is the maximum current drawn by the controller on the V33A and V33D pins and is 50 mA for the UCD90124. Once a transistor is selected, R must be sized based on the maximum input voltage. At Vin_max, the current through R is highest, because the base voltage is still held at ~4 V. At high Vin, the base current is also constant, as the emitter current is still the same. Thus at Vin_max, more current must be sunk by the V33FB pin. Good design practice dictates keeping the current sink required by the V33FB pin at high input voltage to half of the maximum rating for the V33FB pin, thus, 5 mA. This corresponds to a minimum value for R. Therefore R must be set by Equation 2: Vin_max - 4 V R= æI ö 5 mA + ç UCD90124 ÷ β + 1 è ø (2) A maximum value of R corresponds to the minimum input voltage. This assumes that the V33FB pin is sinking no current and all the current through R flows into the base of the BJT. R must be below this value, or else the linear regulator does not operate reliably at low input voltage: Vin_min - 4 V R< IUCD90124 β+1 (3) If the value of R from Equation 3 is less than the value of R from Equation 2, then a transistor with a larger beta must be chosen. For completion , the power lost in R can be calculated from Equation 4: Pdiss_R = (Vin_max - 4 V)2 R (4) To Power Stage Vin Q R 3.3 V 4.7µF 1.8 V 0.1µF 0.1µF V33FB V33A V33D V33DIO1 V33DIO2 BPCAP 58 46 45 7 44 47 5.1V UCD90124 Figure 28. High-Voltage Supply With External Transistor Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 33 UCD90124 SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 www.ti.com Some circuits in the device require 1.8 V, which is generated internally from the 3.3-V supply. This voltage requires a 0.1-μF to 1-μF bypass capacitor from BPCAP to ground. An external LDO, such as the TPS715A33, may be used to provide the needed 3.3 V instead of the previously described regulator. In this case, the V33FB pin may simply be left floating. DEVICE RESET The UCD90124 has an integrated power-on reset (POR) circuit which monitors the supply voltage. At power up, the POR detects the V33D rise. When V33D is greater than VRESET, the device comes out of reset. The device can be forced into the reset state by an external circuit connected to the RESET pin. A logic-low voltage on this pin for longer than tRESET holds the device in reset. It comes out of reset within 1 ms after RESETis released and can return to a logic-high level. To avoid an erroneous trigger caused by noise, a pullup resistor to 3.3 V is recommended. Any time the device comes out of reset, it begins an initialization routine that lasts about 20 ms. During the initialization routine, the FPWM pins are held low, and all other GPIO and GPI pins are open-circuit. At the end of initialization, the device begins normal operation as defined by the device configuration. DEVICE CONFIGURATION AND PROGRAMMING From the factory, the device contains the sequencing and monitoring firmware. It is also configured so that all GPOs are high-impedance, with no sequencing or fault-response operation. See Configuration Programming of UCD Devices, available at www.ti.com, for full UCD90124 configuration details. After the user has designed a configuration file using Fusion, there are three general device-configuration programming options. Devices can be programmed in-circuit by a host microcontroller using PMBus commands over I2C to configure the device (see the UCD90xxx Sequencer and System Health Controller PMBus Command Reference). Figure 29. Fusion PMBus Configuration Script Export Tool Each parameter write replaces the data in the associated memory (RAM) location. After all the required configuration data has been sent to the device, it is transferred to the associated nonvolatile memory (data flash) by issuing a special command, STORE_DEFAULT_ALL. This is how the Fusion GUI normally reads and writes a device configuration. 34 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 UCD90124 www.ti.com SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 Fusion can create a PMBus or I2C command script file that can be used by the I2C master to configure the device. An example of a partial command script file is shown here: Comment Format=Tab; Hex=CoderUpper; BreakOutBytes=False [DO NOT REMOVE THIS LINE IF YOU WANT TO IMPORT USING THE FUSION GUI] Comment SMBus Fields are Request,Address,Command,Data Comment For reads, the last field is what is expected back from the device Comment Write MONITOR_CONFIG [MFR 05] Pin 1 MON1: Rail #1, Type Voltage; Pin 2 MON2: Rail #2, Type Voltage; Pin 3 MON3: Rail #3, Type Voltage; Pin 4 MON4: Rail #4, Type Voltage; Pin 5 MON5: Rail #5, Type Voltage; Pin 6 MON6: Rail #6, Type Voltage; Pin 59 MON7: Rail #7, Type Voltage; Pin 62 MON8: Rail #8, Type Voltage; Pin 63 MON9: Rail #9, Type Voltage; Pin 50 MON10: Rail #10, Type Voltage; Pin 52 MON11: Rail #11, Type Voltage; Pin 54 MON12: Rail #12, Type Voltage; Pin 56 MON13: Rail #1, Type Temperature BlockWrite 0x65 0xD5 0x202122232425262728292A2B40 Comment Write GPI_CONFIG [MFR 41] Inputs: <None> BlockWrite 0x65 0xF9 0x00000000000000000000000000 Comment Write SEQ_CONFIG [MFR 38,Rail #1] Rail Dep: <None> | Pin Dep: <None> | Fault Dep: <None> | Enable: Pin 11 GPIO1 ActiveHigh ActivelyDrivenOutput WriteByte 0x65 0x00 0x00 BlockWrite 0x65 0xF6 0x000000000096 Comment Write SEQ_CONFIG [MFR 38,Rail #4] Rail Dep: <None> | Pin Dep: <None> | Fault Dep: <None> | Enable: Pin 14 GPIO4 ActiveHigh ActivelyDrivenOutput WriteByte 0x65 0x00 0x03 BlockWrite 0x65 0xF6 0x0000000000AE Comment Write VOUT_SCALE_MONITOR [Rail #12] 0.500 WriteWord 0x65 0x2A 0x00B2 . . . Comment Store configuration to data flash Pause 100 Pausing 100 ms Comment Execute STORE_DEFAULT_ALL SendByte 0x65 0x11 Pause 1000 Pausing 1,000 ms for StoreDefaultAll Another in-circuit programming option is for Fusion to create a data flash image from the configuration file (Figure 30). The image file can be downloaded into the device using I2C or JTAG. Fusion Tools can be used on-board if Fusion can gain ownership of the target board I2C bus. Devices can be programmed off board using TI Fusion Tools or a dedicated device programmer. For small runs, a ZIF socketed board with an I2C header can be used with the standard Fusion GUI or manufacturing GUI. Fusion can also create a data flash file that can then be loaded into the UCD90124 using a dedicated device programmer. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 35 UCD90124 SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 www.ti.com Figure 30. Fusion Device Configuration Export Tool 36 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 UCD90124 www.ti.com SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 To configure the device over I2C or PMBus, the UCD90124 must be powered. The PMBus clock and data pins must be accessible and must be pulled high to the same VDD supply that powers the device, with pullup resistors between 1 kΩ and 2 kΩ. Care should be taken to not introduce additional bus capacitance (<100 pF). The user configuration can be written to data flash using a gang programmer via JTAG or I2C before the device is installed in circuit. To use I2C, the clock and data lines must be multiplexed or the device addresses must be assigned by socket. Fusion tools can be used for socket addressing. Pre-programming can also be done using a single device test fixture. Table 6. Configuration Options Data Flash via JTAG Data Flash via I2C PMBus Commands via I2C Data Flash Export (.svf type file) Data Flash Export (.srec or hex type file) Project file I2C/PMBus script Dedicated programmer Fusion tools (with exclusive bus access via USB to I2C adapter) Fusion tools (with exclusive bus access via USB to I2C adapter) Fusion tools (with exclusive bus access via USB to I2C adapter) Fusion tools (with exclusive bus access via USB to I2C adapter) Off-Board Configuration On-Board Configuration Data flash export IC The advantages of off-board configuration include: • Does not require access to device I2C bus on board. • Once soldered on board, full board power is available without further configuration. • Can be partially reconfigured once the device is mounted. JTAG INTERFACE The JTAG port can be used for production programming. Four of the six JTAG pins can also be used as GPIOs during normal operation. See the Pin Functions table at the beginning of the document and Table 2 for a list of the JTAG signals and which can be used as GPIOs. The JTAG port is compatible with the IEEE Standard 1149.1-1990, IEEE Standard Test-Access Port and Boundary Scan Architecture specification. Boundary scan is not supported on this device. The JTAG interface can provide an alternate interface for programming the device. It is disabled by default in order to enable the GPIO pins with which it is multiplexed. There are three conditions under which the JTAG interface is enabled: 1. When the ROM_MODE PMBus command is issued 2. On power-up if the data flash is blank, allowing JTAG to be used for writing the configuration parameters to a programmed device with no PMBus interaction 3. When an invalid address is detected at power up. By shorting one of the address pins to ground, an invalid address can be generated that enables JTAG. INTERNAL FAULT MANAGEMENT AND MEMORY ERROR CORRECTION (ECC) The UCD90124 verifies the firmware checksum at each power up. If it does not match, then the device waits for I2C commands but does not execute the firmware. A device configuration checksum verification is also performed at power up. If it does not match, the factory default configuration is loaded. The PMBALERT# pin is asserted and a flag is set in the status register. The error-log checksum validates the contents of the error log to make sure that section of flash is not corrupted. There is an internal firmware watchdog timer. If it times out, the device resets so that if the firmware program is corrupted, the device goes back to a known state. This is a normal device reset, so all of the GPIO pins are open-drain and the FPWM pins are driven low while the device is in reset. Checks are also done on each parameter that is passed, to make sure it falls within the acceptable range. Error-correcting code (ECC) is used to improve data integrity and provide high-reliability storage of Data Flash contents. ECC uses dedicated hardware to generate extra check bits for the user data as it is written into the Flash memory. This adds an additional six bits to each 32-bit memory word stored into the Flash array. These extra check bits, along with the hardware ECC algorithm, allow for any single-bit error to be detected and corrected when the Data Flash is read. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 37 UCD90124 SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 www.ti.com APPLICATION INFORMATION 12V 12V OUT TEMP IC 3.3V_UCD 12V TEMP12V INA196 V33FB V33A V33D 5.1V 12V OUT 5V OUT 3.3V OUT 2.5V OUT 1.8V OUT 1.5V OUT 1.2V OUT 0.8V OUT I0.8V TEMP0.8V I12V TEMP12V /MR VIN GPIO1 /EN VMON1 VMON2 VMON3 VMON4 VMON5 VMON6 VMON7 VMON8 VMON9 VMON10 VMON11 VMON12 VFB VIN GPIO2 /EN DC-DC 2 VFB GPIO4 VIN /EN GPIO5 2.5V OUT VOUT DC-DC 3 VIN VFB /EN VOUT 1.8V OUT GPIO6 LDO1 GPIO7 VMON13 VIN TEMP IC GPIO17 VIN GPIO8 WDO 3.3V OUT VOUT GPIO3 UCD90124 WDI from main processor 5V OUT VOUT DC-DC 1 GPIO18 /EN TEMP0.8V /EN VOUT 1.5V OUT LDO2 0.8V OUT VOUT VIN DC-DC 4 VFB /EN POWER_GOOD GPIO12 WARN_OC_0.8V_ OR_12V GPIO13 SYSTEM RESET GPIO14 OTHER SEQUENCER DONE (CASCADE INPUT) GPIO17 INA196 FPWM5 2MHz I0.8V VOUT 1.2V OUT LDO3 Vmarg Closed Loop Margining 4- wire Fan 12 V I2C/ PMBUS 12V FPWM6 25 kHz Fan PWM PWM JTAG GPIO11 Fan Tach TACH DC Fan GND Figure 31. Typical Application Schematic Layout guidelines The thermal pad provides a thermal and mechanical interface between the device and the printed circuit board (PCB). While device power dissipation is not of primary concern, a more-robust thermal interface can help the internal temperature sensor provide a better representation of PCB temperature. Connect the exposed thermal pad of the PCB to the device VSS pins and provide at least a 4 × 4 pattern of PCB vias to connect the thermal pad and VSS pins to the circuit ground on other PCB layers. For supply-voltage decoupling, provide power-supply pin bypass to the device as follows: • 0.1-μF, X7R ceramic in parallel with 0.01-μF, X7R ceramic at pin 47 (BPCAP) • 0.1-μF, X7R ceramic in parallel with 4.7-μF, X5R ceramic at pins 44 (V33DIO2) and 45 (V33D) • 0.1-μF, X7R ceramic at pin 7 (V33DIO1) • 0.1-μF, X7R ceramic in parallel with 4.7-μF, X5R ceramic at pin 46 (V33A) 38 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 UCD90124 www.ti.com SLVSA29A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED DECEMBER 2009 Depending on use and application of the various GPIO signals used as digital outputs, some impedance control may be desired to quiet fast signal edges. For example, when using the FPWM pins for fan control or voltage margining, the pin is configured as a digital clock signal. Route these signals away from sensitive analog signals. It is also good design practice to provide a series impedance of 20 Ω to 33 Ω at the signal source to slow fast digital edges. Estimating ADC Reporting Accuracy The UCD90124 uses a 12-bit ADC and an internal 2.5-V reference (VREF) to convert MON pin inputs into digitally reported voltages. The least significant bit (LSB) value is VLSB = VREF/2N where N = 12, resulting in a VLSB = 610 μV. The error in the reported voltage is a function of the ADC linearity errors and any variations in VREF. The total unadjusted error (ETUE) for the UCD90124 ADC is ±5 LSB, and the variation of VREF is ±0.5% between 0°C and 125°C and ±1% between –40°C and 125°C. VTUE is calculated as VLSB × ETUE. The total reported voltage error is the sum of the reference-voltage error and VTUE. At lower monitored voltages, VTUE dominates reported error, wheereas at higher monitored voltages, the tolerance of VREF dominates the reported error. Reported error can be calculated using Equation 5, where REFTOL is the tolerance of VREF, VACT is the actual voltage being monitored at the MON pin, and VREF is the nominal voltage of the ADC reference. æ 1+ REFTOL ö æ VREF ´ ETUE ö RPTERR = ç + VACT ÷ - 1 ÷´ç VACT 4096 ø è ø è (5) From Equation 5, for temperatures between 0°C and 125°C, if VACT = 0.5 V, then RPTERR = 1.11%. If VACT = 2.2 V, then RPTERR = 0.64%. For the full operating temperature range of –40°C to 125°C, if VACT = 0.5 V, then RPTERR = 1.62%. If VACT = 2.2 V, then RPTERR = 1.14%. SPACER REVISION HISTORY Changes from Original (November 2009) to Revision A Page • Changed Timing requirements table (tf) From: See (Note Rise Time) To: See (Note Fall Time) ........................................ 5 • Changed Timing requirements table (tr) From: See (Note Fall Time) To: See (Note Rise Time) ........................................ 5 • Changed text From: Fusion can create a PMBus or I2C command script file that can be used by the I2C master to configure the device (Figure 21). To: Fusion can create a PMBus or I2C command script file that can be used by the I2C master to configure the device. ..................................................................................................................................... 35 • Changed Table 6 ................................................................................................................................................................ 37 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :UCD90124 39 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 24-Feb-2010 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Eco Plan (2) Qty UCD90124RGCR ACTIVE VQFN RGC 64 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR UCD90124RGCT ACTIVE VQFN RGC 64 250 CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3) (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. 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