VLA504-01 Powerex, Inc., 173 Pavilion Lane, Youngwood, Pennsylvania 15697-1800 (724) 925-7272 Hybrid IC IGBT Gate Driver C A B K G H J D D 14 E F 1 LATCH DETECT CIRCUIT 4 VCC 2 1 CONTROL PIN FOR ttrip DETECT PIN 5 VO 8 FAULT OUTPUT 6 VEE TIMER AND RESET CIRCUIT 14 INTERFACE OPTO COUPLER GATE SHUTDOWN CIRCUIT 180Ω 13 Outline Drawing and Circuit Diagram Dimensions Inches Millimeters A 1.69 43.0 B 0.94 24.0 C 0.4 10.0 D 0.2 5.0 E 0.12 3.0 F 0.3 7.5 G 0.01+0.01/-0.004 0.25+0.2/-0.1 H 0.10 2.54 J 0.02+0.006/-0.004 0.5+0.15/-0.1 K 0.18±0.06 4.5±1.5 3 , 7 , 9 , 10 PIN : NC Description: The VLA504-01 is a hybrid integrated circuit designed to provide optimum gate drive for IGBT modules. This device provides high current optically isolated gate drive with a large output voltage swing. The driver also provides short circuit protection based on desaturation detection. Features: £ Electrical Isolation Voltage Between Input and Output with Opto-coupler (2500 Vrms for 1 Minute) £ Two Supply Driver Topology £ Built-in Short-Circuit Protection (With a Pin for Fault Output) £ TTL Compatible Input Interface Application: To drive IGBT modules for inverter or AC servo systems applications Recommended IGBT Modules: 600V module up to 200A 1200V module up to 100A Note: All dimensions listed are maximums except G, H, J, and K. Rev. 04/07 Powerex, Inc., 173 Pavilion Lane, Youngwood, Pennsylvania 15697-1800 (724) 925-7272 VLA504-01 Hybrid IC IGBT Gate Driver Absolute Maximum Ratings, Ta = 25°C unless otherwise specified Characteristics Symbol VLA504-01 Units Supply Voltage, DC VCC 18 Volts VEE -15 Volts Vi -1 ~ +7 Volts VO VCC Volts IOHP -3 Amperes Input Signal Voltage (Applied between Pin 13 - 14, 50% Duty Cycle, Pulse Width 1ms) Output Voltage (When the Output Voltage is "H") Output Current (Pulse Width 2µs, f ≤ 20kHz) IOLP 3 Amperes Isolation Voltage (Sine Wave Voltage 60Hz, for 1 Minute) VISO 2500 Vrms Case Temperature TC 85 °C Operating Temperature (No Condensation Allowable) Topr -20 ~ +60 °C Storage Temperature (No Condensation Allowable)* Tstg -25 ~ +100 °C Fault Output Current (Applied Pin 8) IFO 20 mA Input Voltage at Pin 1 (Applied Pin 1) VR1 50 Volts *Differs from H/C condition. Electrical and Mechanical Characteristics, Ta = 25°C unless otherwise specified, VCC = 15V, VEE = -10V) Characteristics Symbol Supply Voltage VCC Recommended Range Min. Typ. Max. Units 14 15 — Volts VEE Pull-up Voltage on Primary Side VIN Recommended Range -7 — -10 Volts Recommended Range 4.75 5 5.25 Volts "H" Input Current IIH Recommended Range 15.2 16 19 mA f Recommended Range — — 20 kHz Gate Resistance RG Recommended Range "H" Input Current IIH Switching Frequency Test Conditions 3 — — W VIN = 5V — 16 — mA "H" Output Voltage VOH 13 14 — Volts "L" Output Voltage VOL -8 -9 — Volts "L-H" Propagation Time tPLH IIH = 16mA — 0.4 1 µs tr IIH = 16mA — 0.3 1 µs tPHL IIH = 16mA — 1 1.3 µs tf IIH = 16mA — 0.3 1 µs 1 — 2 ms "L-H" Rise Time "H-L" Propagation Time "H-L" Fall Time Timer ttimer Between Start and Cancel (Under Input Sign "L") Fault Output Current IFO Applied 8 Pin, R = 4.7kΩ — 5 — mA Controlled Time Detect Short-Circuit 1 ttrip1 Pin 1: 15V and More, Pin 2: Open — 2.6 — µs Controlled Time Detect Short-Circuit 2** ttrip2 Pin 1: 15V and More, Pins 2-4: 10pF — 3 — µs 15 — — Volts SC Detect Voltage VSC (Connective Capacitance) Collector Voltage of Module **Length of wiring capacitor controlled time detect short-circuit is within 5cm from Pin 2 and Pin 4 coming and going. Rev. 04/07 Powerex, Inc., 173 Pavilion Lane, Youngwood, Pennsylvania 15697-1800 (724) 925-7272 VLA504-01 Hybrid IC IGBT Gate Driver Application Circuit VLA504-01 +5V CONTROL 14 13 10 9 8 6 5 4 3 2 1 D1 + Ctrip PS2501 B1 + + C1 FAULT 30V C2 4.7k C RG + IGBT MODULE 18V 18V VCC G + E E VEE Component Selection: Design VCC, V EE RG C1, C2 D1 Ctrip B1 Description +15V/-10V Typical, See data sheet for usable limits Adjust for application requirements. See IGBT module application notes for recommendations and power rating 10µF-100µF 25V low impedance electrolytic Ultra fast recovery trr<100ns, High voltage V rrm>Vces(IGBT) 0-200pF adjusts desaturation trip time (ttrip) CMOS Buffer 74HC04 or similar – Must actively pull high to maintain noise immunity Notes: Single Supply Operation (1) Power supply decoupling capacitors C1 and C2 should be connected as close as possible to the pins of the gate driver and must be sized to have appropriate ESR and ripple current capability for the IGBT being driven. (2) Ctrip should be connected as close as possible to the pins of the gate driver to avoid noise pick-up. (3) All zener diodes 1W, all resistors 0.25W unless otherwise noted. VLA504-01 +5V CONTROL 14 13 10 9 8 5 4 3 2 1 D1 + Ctrip PS2501 B1 + + C1 FAULT 4.7k 30V C2 C RG IGBT MODULE 18V 18V + 2.7k VCC G E 8.2V Rev. 04/07 6 E Powerex, Inc., 173 Pavilion Lane, Youngwood, Pennsylvania 15697-1800 (724) 925-7272 VLA504-01 Hybrid IC IGBT Gate Driver PROPAGATION DELAY TIME VS. AMBIENT CHARACTERISTICS (TYPICAL) PROPAGATION DELAY TIME VS. INPUT VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS (TYPICAL) 1.4 1.2 tPHL 1.0 0.8 0.6 tPLH 0.4 0.2 0 LOAD: CM200DY-12 0 20 40 60 6 VCC = 15V VEE = 10V RG= 12W Ta = 25°C LOAD: CM200DY-12 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.6 tPLH 0.4 0.2 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, Ta, (°C) CONTROLLED TIME SHORT-CIRCUIT DETECT VS. CONNECTIVE CAPACITANCE CHARACTERISTICS (TYPICAL) 7 POWER DISSIPATION, PD, (WATTS) CONTROLLED TIME SHORT-CIRCUIT DETECT, ttrip, (µs) 4.5 5.0 5.5 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 VCC = 15V VEE = -10V 5 4 ttrip2 : Ctrip = 10pF 3 ttrip1 : Ctrip = 0pF 2 1 0 6.0 0 20 40 60 80 INPUT SIGNAL VOLTAGE, Vi, (VOLTS) AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, Ta, (°C) POWER DISSIPATION VS. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTICS (MAXIMUM RATING) (TYPICAL) QUIESCENT CURRENT VS. SUPPLY VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS (PIN: 4 – 6) INPUT SIGNAL “L” (TYPICAL) 3.0 VCC = 15V VEE = -10V Ta = 25°C 8 0 4.0 25 QUIESCENT CURRENT, ID, (mAMPERES) 9 tPHL 0.8 0 3.5 80 CONTROLLED TIME SHORT-CIRCUIT DETECT, ttrip1, ttrip2, (µs) 1.6 VCC = 15V VEE = 10V RG= 12W VIN = 5.0V PROPAGATION DELAY TIME “L-H”, tPLH, (µs) PROPAGATION DELAY TIME “H-L”, tPHL, (µs) PROPAGATION DELAY TIME “L-H”, tPLH, (µs) PROPAGATION DELAY TIME “H-L”, tPHL, (µs) 1.6 PROPAGATION DELAY TIME VS. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTICS (TYPICAL) 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0 CONNECTIVE CAPACITANCE, Ctrip, (pF) (PIN: 2 – 4) 20 40 60 Ta = 25°C 20 15 10 5 0 80 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, Ta, (°C) 0 10 20 30 40 SUPPLY VOLTAGE, VCC, (VOLTS) (PIN: 4 – 6) SWITCHING TIME DEFINITIONS VIN (PIN 14 TO 13) tr tf 90% 50% VO (PIN 5 TO 6) 10% tPLH tPHL Rev. 04/07 Powerex, Inc., 173 Pavilion Lane, Youngwood, Pennsylvania 15697-1800 (724) 925-7272 VLA504-01 Hybrid IC IGBT Gate Driver General Description The VLA504-01-01 is a hybrid integrated circuit designed to provide gate drive for high power IGBT modules. This circuit has been optimized for use with Powerex NF-Series and A-Series IGBT modules. However, the output characteristics are compatible with most MOS gated power devices. The VLA504-01 features a compact single-in-line package design. The upright mounting minimizes required printed circuit board space to allow efficient and flexible layout. The VLA504-01 converts logic level control signals into fully isolated +15V/-8V gate drive with up to 5A of peak drive current. Control signal isolation is provided by an integrated high speed opto-coupler. Short circuit protection is provided by means of destauration detection. Short Circuit Protection Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a typical desaturation detector. In this circuit, a high voltage fast recovery diode (D1) is connected to the IGBT’s collector to monitor the collector to emitter voltage. When the IGBT is in the off state, VCE is high and D1 is reverse biased. With D1 off the (+) input of the comparator is pulled up to the positive gate drive power supply (V+) which is normally +15V. When the IGBT turns on, the comparators (+) input is pulled down by D1 to the IGBT’s VCE(sat). The (-) input of the comparator is supplied with a fixed voltage (VTRIP). During a normal on-state condition the comparator’s (+) input will be less than VTRIP and it’s output will be low. During a normal off-state condition the comparator’s (+) input will be larger than V+ D1 COMPARE Vtrip C AND IGBT MODULE SHUTDOWN INPUT GATE DRIVE RG G E E Figure 1. Desaturation Detector Rev. 04/07 Operation of the VLA504-01 Desaturation Detector The Powerex VLA504-01 incorporates short circuit protection using desaturation detection as described above. A flow chart for the logical operation of the short-circuit protection is shown in Figure 2. When a desaturation is detected the hybrid gate driver performs a soft shut down of the IGBT and starts a timed (ttimer) 1.5ms lock out. The soft turn-off helps to limit the transient voltage that may be generated while interrupting the large short circuit current flowing in the IGBT. During the lock out the driver pulls Pin 8 low to indicate the fault status. Normal operation of the driver will resume after the lockout time has expired and the control input signal returns to its off state. Adjustment of Trip Time + DELAY ttrip VTRIP and it’s output will be high. If the IGBT turns on into a short circuit, the high current will cause the IGBT’s collector-emitter voltage to rise above VTRIP even though the gate of the IGBT is being driven on. This abnormal presence of high VCE when the IGBT is supposed to be on is often called desaturation. Desaturation can be detected by a logical AND of the driver’s input signal and the comparator output. When the output of the AND goes high a short circuit is indicated. The output of the AND can be used to command the IGBT to shut down in order to protect it from the short circuit. A delay (tTRIP) must be provided after the comparator output to allow for the normal turn on time of the IGBT. The tTRIP delay is set so that the IGBTs Vce has enough time to fall below VTRIP during normal turn on switching. If tTRIP is set too short, erroneous desaturation detection will occur. The maximum allowable tTRIP delay is limited by the IGBT’s short circuit withstanding capability. In typical applications using Powerex IGBT modules the recommended limit is 10μs. The VLA504-01 has a default short-circuit detection time delay (tTRIP) of approximately 2.5μs. This will prevent erroneous detection of short-circuit conditions as long as the series gate resistance (RG) is near the minimum recommended value for the module being used. The 2.5μs delay is appropriate for most applications so adjustment will not be necessary. However, in some low frequency applications it may be desirable to use a larger series gate resistor to slow the switching of the IGBT, reduce noise, and limit turn-off transient voltages. When RG is increased, the switching delay time of the IGBT will also increase. If the delay Powerex, Inc., 173 Pavilion Lane, Youngwood, Pennsylvania 15697-1800 (724) 925-7272 VLA504-01 Hybrid IC IGBT Gate Driver START IS VCE > VSC NO YES IS INPUT SIGNAL ON NO becomes long enough so that the voltage on the detect Pin 1 is greater than VSC at the end of the tTRIP delay the driver will erroneously indicate that a short circuit has occurred. To avoid this condition the VLA504-01 has provisions for extending the tTRIP delay by connecting a capacitor (CTRIP) between Pin 2 and VCC (Pins 4). The effect of adding CTRIP on trip time is shown in Figure 3. If tTRIP is extended care must be exercised not to exceed the short-circuit withstanding capability of the IGBT module. Normally this will be satisfied for Powerex NF and A-Series IGBT modules as long as the total shut-down time does not exceed 10μs. YES DELAY ttrip ttimer FAULT SIGNAL (PIN 8) 10V ttrip YES IS VCE > VSC 10V NO YES -5V VO (PIN 5) SLOW SHUTDOWN DISABLE OUTPUT SET FAULT SIGNAL WAIT ttimer Figure 3. Adjustment of ttrip YES IS INPUT SIGNAL OFF NO YES CLEAR FAULT SIGNAL ENABLE OUTPUT Figure 2. VLA504-01 Desaturation Detector Rev. 04/07