AVAGO ACPL-5161

ACPL-5160, ACPL-5161 and 5962-12236*
2.5 Amp Gate Drive Optocoupler with Integrated (VCE)
Desaturation Detection and Fault Status Feedback
Data Sheet
Description
Features
This family of Avago 2.5 Amp Gate Drive Optocouplers
provides Integrated Desaturation (VCE) Detection and Fault
Status Feedback for IGBT VCE fault protection in a rugged,
hermetically-sealed package. The devices are capable of
operation and storage over the full military temperature
range and can be purchased as either commercial-grade
products or in fully MIL-STD compliant versions. The
military standard devices are manufactured and tested
on a MIL-PRF-38534 certified line to Class H specifications;
Standard Microcircuit Drawing (SMD) 5962-12236. They
are included in the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Land
and Maritime Qualified Manufacturers List, QML-38534
for Hybrid Microcircuits.
• 2.5 A maximum peak output current
• Drive IGBTs up to IC = 150 A, VCE = 1200 V
• Optically isolated, FAULT status feedback
• Hermetically sealed ceramic package
• CMOS/TTL compatible
• 500 ns max. switching speeds
• “Soft” IGBT turn-off
• Integrated fail-safe IGBT protection
– Desat (VCE) detection
­– Under Voltage Lock-Out protection (UVLO) with
hysteresis
• User configurable: inverting, noninverting, auto-reset,
auto-shutdown
• Wide operating VCC range: 15 V to 30 V
• –55 °C to +125 °C operating temperature range
• 15 kV/µs Typical Common Mode Rejection (CMR) at
VCM = 1000 V
Fault Protected IGBT Gate Drive
+HV
ISOLATION
BOUNDARY
ISOLATION
BOUNDARY
ISOLATION
BOUNDARY
ACPL - 516x
ACPL - 516x
ACPL - 516x
3-PHASE
INPUT
M
ACPL - 516x
ACPL - 516x
ISOLATION
BOUNDARY
ISOLATION
BOUNDARY
ACPL - 516x
ISOLATION
BOUNDARY
ACPL - 516x
ISOLATION
BOUNDARY
–HV
FAULT
MICROCONTROLLER
* SMD pending
CAUTION: It is advised that normal static precautions be taken in handling and assembly
of this component to prevent damage and/or degradation which may be induced by ESD.
Typical Fault Protected IGBT Gate Drive Circuit
The ACPL-516x is an easy-to-use, intelligent gate driver
which makes IGBT VCE fault protection compact, affordable, and easy-to-implement. Features such as user configurable inputs, integrated VCE detection, under volt-
age lockout (UVLO), “soft” IGBT turn-off and isolated fault
feed­back provide maximum design flexibility and circuit
protection.
ACPL-516x
+
–
µC
RF
VE
16
VIN-
VLED2+
15
VCC1
DESAT
14
1
VIN+
2
3
4
GND1
VCC2
13
5
RESET
VC
12
6
FAULT
VOUT
11
7
VLED1+
VEE
10
8
VLED1-
VEE
9
*
CBLANK
100 Ω
DDESAT
+
+
–
*
VF
–
+
RG
VCE
–
+ *
–
+
RPULL-DOWN
VCE
–
* THESE COMPONENTS ARE ONLY REQUIRED WHEN NEGATIVE GATE DRIVE IS IMPLEMENTED.
Figure 1. Typical desaturation protected gate drive circuit, noninverting
Description of Operation during Fault Condition
1. DESAT terminal monitors the IGBT VCE voltage through
DDESAT.
2. When the voltage on the DESAT terminal exceeds 7 V,
the IGBT gate voltage (VOUT ) is slowly lowered.
3. FAULT output goes low, notifying the microcontroller
of the fault condition.
4. Microcontroller takes appropriate action.
UVLO
VIN+VIN-(VCC2 - VE)
X XActive
X XX
LowX X
X
HighX
High
Low
Not Active
2
Output Control
The outputs (VOUT and FAULT) of the ACPL-516x are controlled by the combination of VIN, UVLO and a detected
IGBT Desat condition. As indicated in the below table, the
ACPL-516x can be configured as inverting or non‑inverting using the VIN+ or VIN- inputs respectively. When an inverting configuration is desired, VIN+ must be held high
and VIN- toggled. When a non‑inverting configuration is
desired, VIN- must be held low and VIN+ toggled. Once
UVLO is not active (VCC2 ‑ VE > VUVLO), VOUT is allowed to
go high, and the DESAT (pin 14) detection feature of the
ACPL-516x will be the primary source of IGBT protection.
UVLO is needed to ensure DESAT is functional. Once VUVLO+ > 11.6 V, DESAT will remain functional until VUVLO- <
12.4 V. Thus, the DESAT detection and UVLO features of
the ACPL-516x work in conjunction to ensure constant
IGBT protection.
Desat Condition
Detected on
Pin 14
Pin 6
(FAULT)
Output
X
Yes
X
X
No
X Low
Low Low
X
Low
X
Low
High
High
VOUT
Product Overview Description
The ACPL-516x is a highly integrated power control device that incorporates all the necessary components for
a complete, isolated IGBT gate drive circuit with fault
protection and feedback into one rugged, hermetically
sealed package. TTL input logic levels allow direct interface with a microcontroller, and an optically isolated
power output stage drives IGBTs with power ratings of
up to 150 A and 1200 V. A high speed internal optical link
minimizes the propagation delays between the microcontroller and the IGBT while allowing the two systems
to operate at very large common mode voltage differences that are common in industrial motor drives and
other power switching applications. An output IC provides local protection for the IGBT to prevent damage
during overcurrents, and a second optical link provides
a fully isolated fault status feedback signal for the microcontroller. A built in “watchdog” circuit monitors the
power stage supply voltage to prevent IGBT damage
caused by insufficient gate drive voltages. This integrated IGBT gate driver is designed to increase the performance and reliability of a motor drive without the cost,
size, and complexity of a discrete design.
Two light emitting diodes and two integrated circuits
housed in the same 16-pin ceramic package provide the
input control circuitry, the output power stage, and two
optical channels. The input Buffer IC is designed on a bipolar process, while the output Detector IC is manufacVLED1+
During power‑up, the Under Voltage Lockout (UVLO)
feature prevents the application of insufficient gate voltage to the IGBT, by forcing the ACPL-516x’s output low.
Once the output is in the high state, the DESAT (VCE)
detection feature of the ACPL-516x provides IGBT protection. Thus, UVLO and DESAT work in conjunction to
provide constant IGBT protection.
8
13
INPUT IC
VCC1
Under normal operation, the input gate control signal directly controls the IGBT gate through the isolated output
detector IC. LED2 remains off and a fault latch in the input buffer IC is disabled. When an IGBT fault is detected,
the output detector IC immediately begins a “soft” shutdown sequence, reducing the IGBT current to zero in a
controlled manner to avoid potential IGBT damage from
inductive overvoltages. Simultaneously, this fault status
is transmitted back to the input buffer IC via LED2, where
the fault latch disables the gate control input and the active low fault output alerts the microcontroller.
VLED1-
7
VIN+
VIN-
tured on a high voltage BiCMOS/Power DMOS process.
The forward optical signal path, as indicated by LED1,
transmits the gate control signal. The return optical signal path, as indicated by LED2, transmits the fault status
feedback signal. Both optical channels are completely
controlled by the input and output ICs respectively,
making the internal isolation boundary transparent to
the microcontroller.
12
1
LED1
2
D
R
I
V
E
R
3
UVLO
11
14
VOUT
DESAT
DESAT
9,10
SHIELD
LED2
RESET
FAULT
VCC2
VC
16
5
FAULT
6
SHIELD
4
GND1
OUTPUT IC
15
VLED2+
3
HCPL-316J functional diagram
VEE
VE
Package Pin Out
1
VIN+
VE
16
2
VIN-
VLED2+
15
3
VCC1
DESAT
14
4
GND1
VCC2
13
5
RESET
VC
12
6
FAULT
VOUT
11
7
VLED1+
VEE
10
8
VLED1-
VEE
9
Pin Descriptions
SymbolDescription
VIN+
Symbol Description
Noninverting gate drive voltage output (VOUT )VE
control input.
Common (IGBT emitter) output supply voltage.
VIN-
Inverting gate drive voltage output
VLED2+
(VOUT ) control input.
LED 2 anode. This pin must be left unconnected
for guaranteed data sheet performance. (For
optical coupling testing only.)
VCC1
Positive input supply voltage. (4.5 V to 5.5 V)
DESAT
HCPL-316J Pkg Pinout
Desaturation voltage input. When the voltage
on DESAT exceeds an internal reference
voltage of 7 V while the IGBT is on, FAULT output is changed from a high impedance state to a logic low state within 5 µs. See Note 25.
GND1
Input Ground.
Positive output supply voltage.
RESET
FAULT reset input. A logic low input for at least
VC
0.1 µs, asynchronously resets FAULT output high
and enables VIN. Synchronous control of RESET
relative to VIN is required. RESET is not affected
by UVLO. Asserting RESET while VOUT is high does
not affect VOUT.
Collector of output pull-up triple-darlington
transistor. It is connected to VCC2 directly or
through a resistor to limit output turn-on current.
FAULT
Fault output. FAULT changes from a high
impedance state to a logic low output within
5 µs of the voltage on the DESAT pin exceeding
an internal reference voltage of 7 V. FAULT
output remains low until RESET is brought low.
FAULT output is an open collector which allows
the FAULT outputs from all ACPL-516x in a
circuit to be connected together in a “wired OR”
forming a single fault bus for interfacing directly
to the microcontroller.
Gate drive voltage output.
VLED1+
LED 1 anode. This pin must be left unconnected
VEE
Output supply voltage.
for guaranteed data sheet performance. (For
optical coupling testing only.)
VLED1-
LED 1 cathode. This pin must be connected to
ground.
4
VCC2
VOUT
Selection Guide: Lead Configuration Options
Avago Technologies Part Number and Options
Commercial Grade
ACPL-5160
MIL-PRF-38534, Class H
ACPL-5161
Standard Lead Finish
Gold Plate
Solder Dipped*
Option -200
Gull Wing/Soldered*
Option -300
SMD Part Number
Gold Plate
5962-1223601HEC
Solder Dipped*
5962-1223601HEA
Gull Wing/Soldered*
5962-1223601HXA
*Solder contains lead
Outline Drawings
0.89 (0.035)
1.65 (0.065)
20.06 (0.790)
20.83 (0.820)
8.13 (0.320)
MAX.
4.45 (0.175)
MAX.
0.51 (0.020)
MIN.
3.81 (0.150)
MIN.
2.29 (0.090)
2.79 (0.110)
0.51 (0.020)
MAX.
Note: Dimensions in millimeters (inches)
Device Marking
Avago LOGO
Avago P/N
DLA SMD [1]
DLA SMD [1]
PIN ONE/
ESD IDENT
A QYYWWZ
XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXX XXX
A
50434
Note 1. Qualified parts only
5
COMPLIANCE INDICATOR, [1]
DATE CODE, SUFFIX (IF NEEDED)
COUNTRY OF MFR.
Avago CAGE CODE [1]
0.20 (0.008)
0.33 (0.013)
7.36 (0.290)
7.87 (0.310)
Hermetic Optocoupler Options
Option
Description
200
Lead finish is solder dipped rather than gold plated. This option is available on standard commercial. DLA
Drawing part numbers contain provisions for lead finish.
300
Surface mountable hermetic optocoupler with leads cut and bent for gull wing assembly. This option is available on standard commercial. This option has solder dipped leads.
4.57 (0.180)
MAX.
0.51 (0.020)
MIN.
1.40 (0.055)
1.65 (0.065)
0.51 (0.020)
MAX.
2.29 (0.090)
2.79 (0.110)
Note: Dimensions in millimeters (inches)
4.57 (0.180)
MAX.
0.51 (0.020)
MIN.
1.40 (0.055)
1.65 (0.065)
4.57 (0.180)
MAX.
0.20 (0.008)
0.33 (0.013)
5° MAX.
0.51 (0.020)
MAX.
2.29 (0.090)
2.79 (0.110)
1.07 (0.042)
1.32 (0.052)
9.65 (0.380)
9.91 (0.390)
Solder contains lead.
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Parameter
Symbol
Min.
Max.
Units
150
°C
Note
Storage Temperature
Ts
-65
Operating Temperature
TA
-55125
Output IC Junction Temperature
TJ 1501
Peak Output Current
|Io(peak)|
Fault Output Current
IFAULT8.0
Positive Input Supply Voltage
VCC1
Input Pin Voltages
VIN+, VIN- and VRESET-0.5
Total Output Supply Voltage
(VCC2 - VEE)
-0.535
Negative Output Supply Voltage
(VE - VEE)
-0.515 3
Positive Output Supply Voltage
(VCC2 - VE)
-0.5
Gate Drive Output Voltage
Vo(peak)
-0.5VCC2
Collector Voltage
VCVEE + 5 V
DESAT Voltage
VDESATVEVE + 10
Output IC Power Dissipation
PO
Input IC Power Dissipation
PI150
Recommended Operating Conditions
Parameter
Symbol
-0.5
Min.
2.5
A
2
mA
5.5
V
VCC1
35 - (VE - VEE)
VCC2
600
Max.
mW
Units
1
Note
Operating Temperature
TA
-55
+125
Input Supply Voltage
VCC1
4.5
5.5
Total Output Supply Voltage
(VCC2 - VEE)15
Negative Output Supply Voltage
(VE - VEE)0 15 3
Positive Output Supply Voltage
(VCC2 - VE)
Collector Voltage
VCVEE + 6
6
15
°C
V
30
30 - (VE - VEE)
VCC2
25
6
Electrical Specifications (DC)
Unless otherwise noted, all typical values at TA = 25°C, VCC1 = 5 V, and VCC2 - VEE = 30 V, VE - VEE = 0 V;
all Minimum/Maximum specifications are at Recommended Operating Conditions.
Parameter
Symbol  Min.   Typ.  Max.
Units
Test Conditions
Fig.  Note
Logic Low Input Voltages
VIN+L, VIN-L,0.8
V
VRESETL
Logic High Input Voltages
VIN+H, VIN-H,2.0
VRESETH
Logic Low Input Currents
IIN+L, IIN-L, -0.5 -0.36
IRESETL
mAVIN = 0.4 V
FAULT Logic Low Output
Current
IFAULTL 5.012 VFAULT = 0.4 V
FAULT Logic High Output
Current
IFAULTH-40µA
VFAULT = VCC131
High Level Output Current
IOH
-0.5-1.5
AVOUT = VCC2 - 4 V
30
3, 8,
4
322
-2.0
VOUT = VCC2 - 15 V
Low Level Output Current
IOL
0.52.0 VOUT = VEE + 2.5 V
2.0
VOUT = VEE + 15 V
4, 9,
4
332
Low Level Output Current
During Fault Condition
IOLF
90 150230mA
VOUT - VEE = 14 V
5, 34
5
High Level Output Voltage
VOHVC - 3.5
VC - 2.5
VC - 1.5
6, 7, 8
VC -2.9
VC - 2.0
VC - 1.2
6, 8,
35
Low Level Output Voltage
VOL
0.120.5 IOUT = 100 mA
7, 9,
36
23
High Level Input Supply
ICC1H 1822mA
VIN+ = VCC1 = 5.5 V,
Current
VIN- = 0 V
10, 37
38
V
IOUT = -100 mA
IOUT = -650 µA
VCIOUT = 0
Low Level Input Supply
ICCIL 6.511 VIN+ = VIN- = 0 V,
Current
VCC1 = 5.5 V
Output Supply Current
ICC2
2.8
5
VOUT open
11, 12, 8
39, 40
Low Level Collector Current
ICL
0.31.0 IOUT = 0
15, 59 24
High Level Collector Current
ICH
0.31.3 IOUT = 0
15, 58
1.23.0 IOUT = -650 µA
15, 57
VE Low Level Supply
Current
IEL
-0.7
-0.43
0
14, 61
VE High Level Supply
Current
IEH
-0.5
-0.16
0
14, 40 22
24
Blanking Capacitor
ICHG
-0.13-0.26-0.33 VDESAT = 0 - 6 V
Charging Current
-0.18-0.26-0.33 VDESAT = 0 - 6 V,
TA = 25°C - 125 °C
13, 41 8, 9
Blanking Capacitor
IDSCHG 1037VDESAT = 7 V
Discharge Current
42
UVLO Threshold
43
VUVLO+
11.612.413.5V VOUT > 5 V
VUVLO-
11.212.4 VOUT < 5 V
UVLO Hysteresis
(VUVLO+ -
VUVLO-)
1.2
DESAT Threshold
7
0.4
VDESAT 6.57.07.5 VCC2 - VE > VUVLO- 6, 8, 10
6, 8, 11
16, 44 8
Switching Specifications (AC)
Unless otherwise noted, all typical values at TA = 25 °C, VCC1 = 5 V, and VCC2 - VEE = 30 V, VE - VEE = 0 V;
all Minimum/Maximum specifications are at Recommended Operating Conditions.
Parameter
Symbol
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Units
Test Conditions
Fig.
Note
12
VIN to High Level Output
tPLH
0.10 0.28 0.50 µs
152Propagation Delay Time
Rg = 10 Ω
Cg = 10 nF,
17,18,19,
20,21,22,
VIN to Low Level Output
tPHL
0.10 0.29 0.50
Propagation Delay Time
f = 10 kHz,
Duty Cycle = 50%
45,54,55
Pulse Width Distortion PWD
-0.30
0.01
Propagation Delay Difference
Between Any Two Parts
(tPHL - tPLH)
PDD
-0.35
10% to 90% Rise Time
tr
90% to 10% Fall Time
tf0.1
0.30
13, 14
0.35
14, 15
0.1
45
Rg = 10 Ω,
Cg = 10 nF
DESAT Sense to 90% VOUT DelaytDESAT(90%)
0.18 0.5
23,5616
DESAT Sense to 10% VOUT DelaytDESAT(10%) 1.9 3.0
VCC2 - VEE = 30 V
24,28,
46,56
DESAT Sense to Low Level FAULT
tDESAT(FAULT)
1.5 5
Signal Delay
25,47, 17
56
DESAT Sense to DESAT Low
Propagation Delay
56
tDESAT(LOW)
0.25
RESET to High Level FAULT Signal
tRESET(FAULT)3 6.5 20
Delay
18
26,27, 19
56
RESET Signal Pulse Width
PWRESET0.1
UVLO to VOUT High Delay
tUVLO ON 4.0
VCC2 = 1.0 ms
UVLO to VOUT Low Delay
tUVLO OFF 6.0
ramp11
Output High Level Common Mode
|CMH|
9 15
kV/µsTA = 25 °C,
Transient Immunity
VCM = 1000 V,
VCC2 = 30 V
Output Low Level Common Mode
|CML|
9 15
Transient Immunity
49
10
50,51,20
52,53
TA = 25 °C, 21
VCM = 1000 V,
VCC2 = 30 V
Package Characteristics
Over recommended operating conditions (TA = –55 to +125 °C) unless otherwise specified.
Parameter
Symbol
Test Conditions
Input-Output
Leakage Current
II-O
VI-O = 1500 Vdc, RH ≤ 65%,
t = 5 sec., TA = 25 °C
Resistance
(Input-Output)
RI-O
VI-O = 500 VDC
Capacitance
(Input-Output)
CI-O
f = 1 MHz
Group A
Subgroups
Limits
Min.
Typ.*
1
Units
Note
Max.
1.0
μA
26, 27
1012
Ω
27
2.8
pF
27
*All typicals at TA = 25 °C.
8
Fig
Notes:
1. To achieve the absolute maximum power dissipation specified, pins 4, 9 and 10 require ground plane connections and may require airflow.
For details on how to estimate junction temperature and power dissipation, see the Thermal Model section in the application notes at the
end of this data sheet . The actual power dissipation achievable will depend on the application environment (PCB layout, air flow, part placement, and so on). No power derating is required when operating below 125 °C using a high conductivity board. If a low conductivity board is
used, then output IC power dissipation is derated linearly at 20 mW/°C above 120 °C. Input IC power dissipation is derated linearly at 5 mW/°C
above 120°C.
2. Maximum pulse width = 10 μs, maximum duty cycle = 0.2%. This value is intended to allow for component tolerances for designs with IO
peak minimum = 2.0 A. For additional details on IOH peak, see the Applications section . Derate linearly from 3.0 A at +25 °C to 2.5 A at +125
°C. This compensates for increased IOPEAK due to changes in VOL over temperature.
3. This supply is optional. Required only when negative gate drive is implemented.
4. Maximum pulse width = 50 μs, maximum duty cycle = 0.5%.
5. For further details, see the Slow IGBT Gate Discharge During Fault Condition section in the applications notes at the end of this data sheet.
6. 15 V is the recommended minimum operating positive supply voltage (VCC2 - VE) to ensure adequate margin in excess of the maximum VUVLO+ threshold of 13.5 V. For High Level Output Voltage testing, VOH is measured with a DC load current. When driving capacitive loads, VOH
will approach VCC as IOH approaches zero units.
7. Maximum pulse width = 1.0 ms, maximum duty cycle = 20%.
8. Once VOUT of the ACPL-516x is allowed to go high (VCC2 - VE > VUVLO), the DESAT detection feature of the ACPL-516x will be the primary
source of IGBT protection. UVLO is needed to ensure DESAT is functional. Once VUVLO+ > 11.6 V, DESAT will remain functional until VUVLO- <
12.4 V. Therefore, the DESAT detection and UVLO features of the ACPL-516x work in conjunction to ensure constant IGBT protection.
9. For further details, see the Blanking Time Control section in the applications notes at the end of this data sheet.
10.This is the ‘increasing’ (that is, turn-on or ‘positive going’ direction) of VCC2 - VE.
11. This is the ‘decreasing’ (that is, turn-off or ‘negative going’ direction) of VCC2 - VE.
12. This load condition approximates the gate load of a 1200 V/75 A IGBT.
13. Pulse Width Distortion (PWD) is defined as |tPHL - tPLH| for any given unit.
14. As measured from VIN+, VIN- to VOUT.
15. The difference between tPHL and tPLH between any two ACPL-516x parts under the same test conditions.
16. Supply Voltage Dependent.
17. This is the amount of time from when the DESAT threshold is exceeded, until the FAULT output goes low.
18. This is the amount of time the DESAT threshold must be exceeded before VOUT begins to go low, and the FAULT output to go low.
19. This is the amount of time from when RESET is asserted low, until FAULT output goes high. The minimum specification of 3 μs is the guaranteed minimum FAULT signal pulse width when the ACPL-516x is configured for Auto-Reset. For further details, see the Auto-Reset section in
the applications notes at the end of this data sheet.
20. Common mode transient immunity in the high state is the maximum tolerable dVCM/dt of the common mode pulse, VCM, to assure that the
output will remain in the high state (i.e., VO > 15 V or FAULT > 2 V). A 100 pF and a 3 kΩ pull-up resistor is needed in fault detection mode.
21. Common mode transient immunity in the low state is the maximum tolerable dVCM/dt of the common mode pulse, VCM, to assure that the
output will remain in a low state (that is, VO < 1.0 V or FAULT < 0.8 V).
22. Does not include LED2 current during fault or blanking capacitor discharge current.
23. To clamp the output voltage at VCC - 3 VBE, a pull-down resistor between the output and VEE is recommended to sink a static current of 650
μA while the output is high. See the Output Pull-Down Resistor section in the application notes at the end of this data sheet if an output pulldown resistor is not used.
24. The recommended output pull-down resistor between VOUT and VEE does not contribute any output current when VOUT = VEE.
25. In most applications VCC1 will be powered up first (before VCC2) and powered down last (after VCC2). This is desirable for maintaining control
of the IGBT gate. In applications where VCC2 is powered up first, it is important to ensure that Vin+ remains low until VCC1 reaches the proper
operating voltage (minimum 4.5 V) to avoid any momentary instability at the output during VCC1 ramp-up or ramp-down.
26. This is a momentary withstand test, not an operating condition.
27. Device considered a two-terminal device: pins 1 - 8 shorted together and pins 9 - 16 shorted together.
9
Performance Plots
7
IOL - OUTPUT LOW CURRENT - A
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
- 55
- 25
5
35
65
TA - TEMPERATURE - o C
95
Figure 3. IOH vs. temperature
IOLF- LOW LEVEL OUTPUT CURRENT
DURING FAULT CONDITION - mA
175
150
125
100
–55 oC
25 oC
125 oC
75
50
25
0
5
V OUT
10
15
20
- OUTPUT VOLTAGE - V
25
30
VOUT = VEE +15 V
VOUT = VEE + 2.5 V
3
2
1
- 25
5
35
65
TA - TEMPERATURE - o C
95
125
0
95
125
IOUT = -650 µA
IOUT = -100 mA
-1
-2
-3
-4
-55
- 25
5
35
65
TA - TEMPERATURE - o C
29.2
IOUT = 100 mA
VOH - OUTPUT HIGH VOLTAGE -V
VOL- OUTPUT LOW VOLTAGE - V
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
- 55
- 25
5
35
65
TA - TEMPERATURE - o C
Figure 7. VOL vs. temperature
10
4
Figure 6. VOH vs. temperature
Figure 5. IOLF vs. temperature
0.00
5
Figure 4. IOL vs. temperature
200
0
6
0
- 55
125
(V OH - VCC ) - HIGH OUTPUT VOLTAGE DROP -V
I OH - OUTPUT HIGH CURRENT - A
2.0
95
125
125 oC
25 oC
–55 oC
28.8
28.4
28.0
27.6
27.2
26.8
26.4
0.0
0.2
Figure 8. VOH vs. IOH
0.4
0.6
0.8
IOH - OUTPUT HIGH CURRENT - A
1.0
20
125 oC
25 oC
–55 oC
4
I CC1 - SUPPLY CURRENT - mA
VOL - OUTPUT LOW VOLTAGE - V
5
3
2
1
0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
IOL - OUTPUT LOW CURRENT - A
2.0
Figure 9: VOL vs. IOL
3.0
I CC2 - SUPPLY CURRENT - mA
I CC2 - SUPPLY CURRENT - mA
- 25
5
35
65
95
TA - TEMPERATURE - o C
125
ICC2H
ICC2L
2.80
2.7
2.6
2.75
2.5
2.4
2.70
2.3
- 25
5
35
65
TA - TEMPERATURE - o C
95
2.65
15
125
Figure 11: ICC2 vs. t emperature
0.00
-0.05
I E- V E SUPPLY CURRENT - mA
-0.20
-0.25
-0.30
-55
20
25
VCC2 - OUTPUT SUPPLY VOLTAGE - V
-25
5
35
65
TA - TEMPERATURE Figure 13. ICHG vs. temperature
30
Figure 12. ICC2 vs. VCC2
-0.15
I CHG - BLANKING CAPACITOR CHARGING
CURRENT -mA
5
2.85
2.8
2.2
- 55
11
10
Figure 10. ICC1 vs. temperature
ICC2H
ICC2L
2.9
15
0
- 55
2.5
ICC1H
ICC1L
oC
95
125
IeH
IeL
-0.10
-0.15
-0.20
-0.25
-0.30
-0.35
-0.40
-0.45
-0.50
-55
-25
5
35
65
TA - TEMPERATURE - o C
Figure 14. IE vs. temperature
95
125
4
VDESAT DESAT THRESHOLD - V
3
I C - mA
7.5
–55 oC
25 oC
125 oC
7.0
2
6.5
1
0
0.5
1.0
I OUT - mA
1.5
6.0
- 55
2.0
Figure 15. IC vs. IOUT
PROPAGATION DELAY - µs
PROPAGATION DELAY - µs
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
- 55
- 25
5
35
65
TA - TEMPERATURE - o C
95
0.30
0.25
15
20
25
VCC - SUPPLY VOLTAGE
-V
30
Figure 18. Propagation delay vs. supply voltage
0.45
0.45
Vcc1 = 5.5 V
Vcc1 = 5.0 V
Vcc1 = 4.5 V
0.40
PROPAGATION DELAY - µs
PROPAGATION DELAY - µs
125
Tphl
Tplh
0.35
0.20
125
Figure 17. Propagation delay vs. temperature
0.35
0.30
0.25
- 55
- 25
5
35
65
TA - TEMPERATURE - o C
95
Figure 19. VIN to high propagation delay vs. temperature (TPLH)
12
95
0.40
Tphl
Tplh
0.45
0.20
5
35
65
TA - TEMPERATURE - o C
Figure 16. DESAT threshold vs. temperature
0.50
0.20
- 25
125
Vcc1 = 5.5 V
Vcc1 = 5.0 V
Vcc1 = 4.5 V
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
- 55
- 25
5
35
65
TA - TEMPERATURE - o C
95
Figure 20. VIN to low propagation delay vs. temperature (TPHL)
125
0.40
0.40
Tplh
Tphl
0.35
DELAY - µs
DELAY - µs
0.35
0.30
0.30
0.25
0.25
0.20
Tplh
Tphl
0
20
40
60
LOAD CAPACITANCE - nF
80
0.20
100
Figure 21. Propagation delay vs. load capacitance
0
10
20
30
LOAD RESISTANCE - OHM
50
Figure 22. Propagation delay vs. load resistance
3.0
0.45
Vcc2=30 V
Vcc2=15 V
0.4
2.5
DELAY - µs
0.35
DELAY - µs
40
0.3
0.25
0.2
2.0
1.5
0.15
0.1
- 55
- 25
5
35
65
TA - TEMPERATURE - o C
95
Figure 23. DESAT sense to 90% Vout delay vs. temperature
2.6
VEE=
VEE=
VEE=
VEE=
2.4
- 25
5
35
65
TA - TEMPERATURE - o C
95
125
Figure 24. DESAT sense to 10% Vout delay vs. temperature
0.008
0V
-5 V
-10 V
-15 V
Vcc2=30 V
Vcc2=15 V
0.006
DELAY - ms
DELAY - µs
2.2
1.0
- 55
125
2.0
1.8
1.6
0.004
0.002
1.4
1.2
- 55
- 25
5
35
65
TA - TEMPERATURE - o C
95
125
Figure 25. DESAT sense to low level fault signal delay vs. temperature
13
0
0
10
20
30
LOAD CAPACITANCE - nF
40
Figure 26. DESAT sense to 10% Vout delay vs. load capacitance
50
0.0030
12
Vcc2 = 30 V
Vcc2 = 15 V
10
DELAY - µs
DELAY - µs
0.0025
0.0020
0.0015
0.0010
8
6
10
20
30
LOAD RESISTANCE - OHM
40
Figure 27. DESAT sense to 10% Vout delay vs. load resistance
14
Vcc1 = 5.5 V
Vcc1 = 5.0 V
Vcc1 = 4.5 V
50
4
- 55
- 25
5
35
65
TA - TEMPERATURE - o C
95
Figure 28. RESET to high level fault signal delay vs. temperature
125
Test Circuit Diagrams
IFAULT
VIN-
VLED2+
VCC1
GND1
VIN+
VE
VIN-
VLED2+
DESAT
VCC1
DESAT
VCC2
GND1
VCC2
RESET
VC
FAULT
VOUT
VLED1+
VEE
VLED1-
VEE
0.1 µF
0.1
µF
10 mA
+
–
5V
5V
IFAULT
Figure 30. IFAULTL test circuit.
0.1
µF
VE
VIN-
VLED2+
VCC1
DESAT
GND1
VCC2
RESET
VC
FAULT
VOUT
VLED1+
VEE
VLED1-
VEE
0.1 µF
30 V
0.1 µF
15 V
PULSED
+
–
IOUT
+
–
30 V
0.1 µF
Figure 32. IOH pulsed test circuit.
VIN+
VE
VIN-
VLED2+
VCC1
DESAT
GND1
VCC2
RESET
VC
FAULT
VOUT
VLED1+
VEE
VLED1-
VEE
+
–
15
VE
VIN-
VLED2+
VCC1
DESAT
GND1
VCC2
RESET
VC
FAULT
VOUT
VLED1+
VEE
VLED1-
VEE
Figure 34. IOLF test circuit.
VEE
VLED1-
VEE
0.1 µF
30 V
0.1 µF
0.1 µF
+
–
IOUT
15 V
PULSED
30 V
+
–
HCPL-316J fig 33
0.1 µF
+
–
5V
VIN+
VOUT
VLED1+
Figure 33. IOL pulsed test circuit.
HCPL-316J fig 32
0.1
µF
FAULT
HCPL-316J fig 31
VIN+
+
–
+
–
VC
Figure 31. IFAULTH test circuit.
HCPL-316J fig 30
5V
RESET
5V
30 V
0.1 µF
+
–
IOUT
+
–
14 V
0.1
µF
30 V
+
–
0.1
µF
VIN+
VE
VIN-
VLED2+
VCC1
DESAT
GND1
VCC2
RESET
VC
FAULT
VOUT
VLED1+
VEE
VLED1-
VEE
Figure 35. VOH pulsed test circuit.
0.1 µF
+
–
–
+
VE
+
–
0.4 V
+
–
VIN+
+
–
4.5 V
0.1
µF
30 V
0.1 µF
+
–
VOUT
2A
PULSED
0.1
µF
30 V
VIN-
0.1 µF
VLED2+
VCC1
DESAT
GND1
VCC2
FAULT
VOUT
VLED1+
VEE
VLED1-
VEE
+
–
ICC1
0.1 µF
100
mA
VC
RESET
5.5 V
30 V
0.1
µF
+
–
VOUT
30 V
0.1
µF
Figure 36. VOL test circuit.
VLED2+
VCC1
DESAT
GND1
VCC2
RESET
VC
FAULT
VOUT
VLED1+
VEE
VLED1-
VEE
0.1
µF
ICC1
HCPL-316J fig 37
VIN+
VE
VIN-
VLED2+
VCC1
DESAT
GND1
VCC2
0.1
µF
5V
+
–
VIN+
VE
VIN-
VLED2+
VCC1
DESAT
GND1
VCC2
RESET
VC
RESET
VC
FAULT
VOUT
FAULT
VOUT
VLED1+
VEE
VLED1+
VEE
VLED1-
VEE
VLED1-
VEE
Figure 38. ICC1L test circuit.
VIN-
VE
VLED2+
VCC1
DESAT
GND1
VCC2
RESET
0.1 µF
0.1
µF
5V
30 V
ICC2
0.1 µF
VC
+
–
+
–
VIN+
VE
VIN-
VLED2+
VCC1
DESAT
GND1
VCC2
RESET
VC
FAULT
VOUT
FAULT
VOUT
VLED1+
VEE
VLED1+
VEE
VLED1-
VEE
VLED1-
VEE
Figure 40. ICC2L test circuit.
30 V
ICC2
0.1 µF
0.1 µF
+
–
30 V
HCPL-316J fig 39
+
–
VIN+
0.1
µF
Figure 39. ICC2H test circuit.
HCPL-316J fig 38
16
VIN-
0.1 µF
30 V
Figure 41. ICHG pulsed test circuit.
ICHG
0.1
µF
+
–
+
–
VE
Figure 37. ICC1H test circuit.
HCPL-316J fig 36
5.5 V
VIN+
+
–
+
–
VE
+
–
5V
VIN+
0.1
µF
30 V
0.1 µF
0.1 µF
+
–
30 V
VE
VLED2+
GND1
VCC2
IDSCHG
+
–
5V
30 V
0.1 µF
VIN+
VE
VIN-
VLED2+
VCC1
DESAT
GND1
VCC2
+
–
FAULT
VOUT
VEE
VLED1+
VEE
VEE
VLED1-
VEE
FAULT
VOUT
VLED1+
VLED1-
0.1 µF
30 V
Figure 42. IDSCHG test circuit.
VIN-
VLED2+
VCC1
DESAT
GND1
VCC2
RESET
VC
FAULT
VOUT
VLED1+
VLED1-
VIN
SWEEP
0.1
µF
0.1
µF
15 V
+
–
VE
+
–
VIN+
+
–
0.1
µF
0.1 µF
5V
VE
VIN-
VLED2+
VCC1
DESAT
GND1
VCC2
VC
FAULT
VOUT
VEE
VLED1+
VEE
VEE
VLED1-
VEE
+
–
0.1 µF
15 V
3k
3k
17
VE
VIN-
VLED2+
VCC1
DESAT
GND1
VCC2
RESET
VC
FAULT
VOUT
VLED1+
VEE
VLED1-
VEE
Figure 46. tDESAT(10%) test circuit.
30 V
0.1 µF
0.1
µF
VOUT
10 Ω
+
–
30 V
10
nF
HCPL-316J fig 45
VIN
VOUT
10 Ω
10
nF
0.1
µF
+
–
5V
+
–
0.1 µF
Figure 45. tPLH, tPHL, tr, tf test circuit.
HCPL-316J fig 44
VIN+
0.1 µF
HCPL-316J fig 43
VIN+
RESET
Figure 44. DESAT threshold test circuit.
0.1
µF
VOUT
Figure 43. UVLO threshold test circuit.
HCPL-316J fig 42
10 mA
SWEEP
+
–
VC
RESET
VC
RESET
0.1
µF
0.1
µF
30 V
5V
0.1
µF
+
–
+
–
0.1
µF
3k
VFAULT
30 V
VIN+
VE
VIN-
VLED2+
VCC1
DESAT
GND1
VCC2
RESET
VC
FAULT
VOUT
VLED1+
VEE
VLED1-
VEE
Figure 47. tDESAT(FAULT) test circuit.
VIN
0.1
µF
0.1
µF
10 Ω
10
nF
+
–
DESAT
0.1
µF
+
–
VCC1
+
–
VIN-
7V
+
–
VIN+
30 V
0.1
µF
+
–
30 V
+
–
3k
VIN HIGH
TO LOW
VIN+
VE
VIN-
VLED2+
VCC1
DESAT
GND1
VCC2
FAULT
VOUT
VLED1+
VEE
VLED1-
VEE
30 V
0.1
µF
+
–
5V
0.1
µF
VC
RESET
VFAULT
0.1
STROBE µF
8V
+
–
5V
0.1
µF
0.1
µF
+
–
10 Ω
30 V
3k
10
nF
Figure 48. tRESET(FAULT) test circuit.
1
5V
1
VIN+
VE
16
2
VIN-
VLED2+
15
3
VCC1
DESAT
14
4
GND1
VCC2
13
5
RESET
VC
12
0.1
µF
100 pF
VCC1
DESAT
GND1
VCC2
RESET
VC
FAULT
VOUT
VLED1+
VEE
VLED1-
VEE
25 V
0.1 µF
SCOPE
100 pF
6
FAULT
VOUT
11
7
VLED1+
VEE
10
8
VLED1
VEE
9
10 Ω
5V
0.1
µF
HCPL-316J fig 49
16
VLED2+
15
2
VIN-
3
VCC1
DESAT
14
4
GND1
VCC2
13
5
RESET
VC
12
6
FAULT
VOUT
11
7
VLED1+
VEE
10
8
VLED1
VEE
9
25 V
0.1 µF
10 Ω
10 nF
9V
VCm
Figure 51. CMR test circuit, LED2 on.
HCPL-316J fig 50
VE
16
2
VIN-
VLED2+
15
3
VCC1
DESAT
14
GND1
VCC2
4
10
nF
750 Ω
10 nF
Figure 50. CMR test circuit, LED2 off.
VIN+
RAMP
10 Ω
VE
VIN+
VCm
1
0.1
µF
VOUT
3 kΩ
3 kΩ
SCOPE
VLED2+
+
–
0.1
µF
VE
VIN-
Figure 49. UVLO delay test circuit.
HCPL-316J fig 48
5V
VIN+
1
5V
0.1 µF
25 V
0.1
µF
13
VIN+
VE
16
2
VIN-
HCPL-316J fig 51
VLED2+
15
3
VCC1
DESAT
14
4
GND1
VCC2
13
5
RESET
VC
12
6
FAULT
VOUT
11
7
VLED1+
VEE
10
8
VLED1
VEE
9
3 kΩ
3 kΩ
5
RESET
VC
12
6
FAULT
VOUT
11
25 V
0.1 µF
SCOPE
100
pF
7
VLED1+
VEE
10
8
VLED1
VEE
9
10 Ω
10 nF
100 pF
VCm
VCm
Figure 52. CMR test circuit, LED1 off.
18
Figure 53. CMR test circuit, LED1 on.
SCOPE
10 Ω
10 nF
VINVIN-
2.5 V
0V
VIN+
VIN+
2.5 V
2.5 V
5.0 V
2.5 V
tr
tf
tr
90%
50%
50%
10%
VOUT
tPLH
tf
90%
10%
VOUT
tPHL
tPLH
Figure 54. VOUT propagation delay waveforms, noninverting configuration.
tPHL
Figure 55. VOUT propagation delay waveforms, inverting configuration.
tDESAT (FAULT)
HCPL-316J fig 54
tDESAT (10%)
HCPL-316J fig 55
tDESAT (LOW)
7V
VDESAT
50%
tDESAT (90%)
VOUT
90%
10%
FAULT
50% (2.5 V)
tRESET (FAULT)
RESET
Figure 56. Desat, VOUT, fault, reset delay waveforms.
19
50%
VIN+
VE
VIN-
VLED2+
VCC1
DESAT
GND1
VCC2
RESET
VC
FAULT
VOUT
VLED1+
VLED1-
0.1 µF
5V
+
–
0.1
µF
30 V
0.1 µF
IC
VIN+
VE
VIN-
VLED2+
VCC1
DESAT
GND1
VCC2
RESET
VC
FAULT
VOUT
VEE
VLED1+
VEE
VEE
VLED1-
VEE
+
–
0.1 µF
650 µA
30 V
Figure 57. ICH test circuit.
VE
VIN-
VLED2+
VCC1
DESAT
GND1
VCC2
VC
0.1 µF
5V
+
–
30 V
0.1 µF
IC
+
–
VIN+
VE
VIN-
VLED2+
VCC1
DESAT
GND1
VCC2
RESET
VC
FAULT
VOUT
VOUT
VLED1+
VEE
VLED1+
VEE
VLED1-
VEE
VLED1-
VEE
0.1 µF
30 V
Figure 59. ICL test circuit.
Figure 60. IEH test circuit.
HCPL-316J fig 60
HCPL-316J fig 59
VIN+
VE
VIN-
VLED2+
VCC1
DESAT
GND1
VCC2
RESET
VC
FAULT
VOUT
VLED1+
VEE
VLED1-
VEE
IE
0.1
µF
+
–
+
–
Figure 61. IEL test circuit.
20
0.1
µF
FAULT
5V
0.1 µF
IC
+
–
0.1 µF
30 V
HCPL-316J fig 58
+
–
VIN+
0.1
µF
30 V
Figure 58. ICH test circuit.
HCPL-316J fig 57
RESET
0.1 µF
30 V
0.1 µF
0.1 µF
+
–
30 V
IE
0.1
µF
+
–
0.1
µF
+
–
+
–
+
–
5V
30 V
0.1 µF
0.1 µF
+
–
30 V
Typical Application/Operation
Introduction to Fault Detection and Protection
The power stage of a typical three phase inverter is susceptible to several types of failures, most of which are
potentially destructive to the power IGBTs. These failure
modes can be grouped into four basic categories: phase
and/or rail supply short circuits due to user misconnect
or bad wiring, control signal failures due to noise or computational errors, overload conditions induced by the
load, and component failures in the gate drive circuitry.
Under any of these fault conditions, the current through
the IGBTs can increase rapidly, causing excessive power
dissipation and heating. The IGBTs become damaged
when the current load approaches the saturation current of the device, and the collector to emitter voltage
rises above the saturation voltage level. The drastically
increased power dissipation very quickly overheats the
power device and destroys it. To prevent damage to the
drive, fault protection must be implemented to reduce
or turn‑off the overcurrents during a fault condition.
A circuit providing fast local fault detection and shutdown is an ideal solution, but the number of required
components, board space consumed, cost, and complexity have until now limited its use to high performance
drives. The features which this circuit must have are high
speed, low cost, low resolution, low power dissipation,
and small size.
Applications Information
The ACPL-516x satisfies these criteria by combining a
high speed, high output current driver, high voltage optical isolation between the input and output, local IGBT
desaturation detection and shut down, and an optically
isolated fault status feedback signal into a single 16‑pin
DIP package.
The fault detection method, which is adopted in the
ACPL-516x, is to monitor the saturation (collector) voltage of the IGBT and to trigger a local fault shutdown sequence if the collector voltage exceeds a predetermined
threshold. A small gate discharge device slowly reduces
the high short circuit IGBT current to prevent damaging
voltage spikes. Before the dissipated energy can reach
21
destructive levels, the IGBT is shut off. During the off
state of the IGBT, the fault detect circuitry is simply disabled to prevent false ‘fault’ signals.
The alternative protection scheme of measuring IGBT
current to prevent desaturation is effective if the short
circuit capability of the power device is known, but
this method will fail if the gate drive voltage decreases
enough to only partially turn on the IGBT. By directly
measuring the collector voltage, the ACPL-516x limits
the power dissipation in the IGBT even with insufficient
gate drive voltage. Another more subtle advantage of
the desaturation detection method is that power dissipation in the IGBT is monitored, while the current sense
method relies on a preset current threshold to predict
the safe limit of operation. Therefore, an overly conservative overcurrent threshold is not needed to protect the
IGBT.
Recommended Application Circuit
The ACPL-516x has both inverting and non‑inverting
gate control inputs, an active low reset input, and an
open collector fault output suitable for wired ‘OR’ applications. The recommended application circuit shown in
Figure 62 illustrates a typical gate drive implementation
using the ACPL-516x.
The four supply bypass capacitors (0.1 µF) provide the
large transient currents necessary during a switching
transition. Because of the transient nature of the charging currents, a low current (5 mA) power supply suffices.
The desat diode and 100 pF capacitor are the necessary
external components for the fault detection circuitry.
The gate resistor (10 Ω) serves to limit gate charge current and indirectly control the IGBT collector voltage
rise and fall times. The open collector fault output has
a passive 3.3 kΩ pull‑up resistor and a 330 pF filtering
capacitor. A 47 kΩ pulldown resistor on VOUT provides a
more predictable high level output voltage (VOH). In this
application, the IGBT gate driver will shut down when a
fault is detected and will not resume switching until the
microcontroller applies a reset signal.
ACPL-516x
µC
5V +
–
3.3
kΩ
0.1
µF
330 pF
VE
16
VIN-
VLED2+
15
VCC1
DESAT
14
4
GND1
VCC2
13
5
RESET
VC
12
VCC2 = 18 V
+
–
6
FAULT
VOUT
11
Rg
7
VLED1+
VEE
10
8
VLED1-
VEE
9
1
VIN+
2
3
0.1
µF
0.1
µF
100 pF
100 Ω
DDESAT
+
47
kΩ
0.1
µF
+
–
VF
–
VEE = -5 V
Q1
+
VCE
–
Q2
3-PHASE
OUTPUT
+
VCE
–
Figure 62. Recommended application circuit.
Description of Operation/Timing
Fault Condition
Figure 63 illustrates input and output waveforms under
the conditions of normal operation, a desat fault condition, and normal reset behavior.
When the voltage on the DESAT pin exceeds 7 V while
the IGBT is on, VOUT is slowly brought low in order to
“softly” turn-off the IGBT and prevent large di/dt induced
voltages. Also activated is an internal feedback channel
which brings the FAULT output low for the purpose of
notifying the micro-controller of the fault condition. See
Figure 63.
Normal Operation
During normal operation, VOUT of the ACPL-516x is controlled by either VIN+ or VIN-, with the IGBT collector-toemitter voltage being monitored through DDESAT. The
FAULT output is high and the RESET input should be held
high. See Figure 63.
NORMAL
OPERATION
VINNON-INVERTING
CONFIGURED
INPUTS
INVERTING
CONFIGURED
INPUTS
FAULT
CONDITION
0V
5V
VIN+
VIN-
5V
VIN+
5V
VDESAT
7V
VOUT
FAULT
RESET
Figure 63. Timing diagram.
HCPL-316J fig 63
22
Reset
The FAULT output remains low until RESET is brought
low. See Figure 63. While asserting the RESET pin (LOW),
the input pins must be asserted for an output low state
(VIN+ is LOW or VIN- is HIGH). This may be accomplished
either by software control (i.e. of the microcontroller) or
hardware control (see Figures 73 and 74).
RESET
Slow IGBT Gate Discharge During Fault Condition
Under Voltage Lockout
When a desaturation fault is detected, a weak pull-down
device in the ACPL-516x output drive stage will turn on
to ‘softly’ turn off the IGBT. This device slowly discharges
the IGBT gate to prevent fast changes in drain current
that could cause damaging voltage spikes due to lead
and wire inductance. During the slow turn off, the large
output pull-down device remains off until the output
voltage falls below VEE + 2 V, at which time the large pull
down device clamps the IGBT gate to VEE.
The ACPL-516x Under Voltage Lockout (UVLO) feature is
designed to prevent the application of insufficient gate
voltage to the IGBT by forcing the ACPL-516x output low
during power-up. IGBTs typically require gate voltages
of 15 V to achieve their rated VCE(ON) voltage. At gate
voltages below 13 V typically, their on-voltage increases
dramatically, especially at higher currents. At very low
gate voltages (below 10 V), the IGBT may operate in the
linear region and quickly overheat. The UVLO function
causes the output to be clamped whenever insufficient
operating supply (VCC2) is applied. Once VCC2 exceeds
VUVLO+ (the positive-going UVLO threshold), the UVLO
clamp is released to allow the device output to turn on
in response to input signals. As VCC2 is increased from 0 V
(at some level below VUVLO+), first the DESAT protection
circuitry becomes active. As VCC2 is further increased
(above VUVLO+), the UVLO clamp is released. Before the
time the UVLO clamp is released, the DESAT protection
is already active. Therefore, the UVLO and DESAT FAULT
DETECTION features work together to provide seamless
protection regardless of supply voltage (VCC2).
DESAT Fault Detection Blanking Time
The DESAT fault detection circuitry must remain disabled
for a short time period following the turn-on of the IGBT
to allow the collector voltage to fall below the DESAT
theshold. This time period, called the DESAT blanking
time, is controlled by the internal DESAT charge current,
the DESAT voltage threshold, and the external DESAT capacitor. The nominal blanking time is calculated in terms
of external capacitance (CBLANK), FAULT threshold voltage (VDESAT ), and DESAT charge current (ICHG) as tBLANK
= CBLANK x VDESAT / ICHG. The nominal blanking time
with the recommended 100 pF capacitor is 100 pF * 7 V
/ 250 µA = 2.8 µsec. The capacitance value can be scaled
slightly to adjust the blanking time, though a value smaller than 100 pF is not recommended. This nominal blanking time also represents the longest time it will take for
the ACPL-516x to respond to a DESAT fault condition. If
the IGBT is turned on while the collector and emitter are
shorted to the supply rails (switching into a short), the
soft shut-down sequence will begin after approximately
3 µsec. If the IGBT collector and emitter are shorted to
the supply rails after the IGBT is already on, the response
time will be much quicker due to the parasitic parallel
capacitance of the DESAT diode. The recommended 100
pF capacitor should provide adequate blanking as well
as fault response times for most applications.
23
Behavioral Circuit Schematic
Output IC
The functional behavior of the ACPL-516x is represented by the logic diagram in Figure 64
which fully describes the interaction and sequence of internal and external signals in the
ACPL-516x.
Three internal signals control the state of the driver output: the state of the signal LED, as well as the UVLO and
Fault signals. If no fault on the IGBT collector is detected,
and the supply voltage is above the UVLO threshold,
the LED signal will control the driver output state. The
driver stage logic includes an interlock to ensure that the
pull-up and pull-down devices in the output stage are
never on at the same time. If an undervoltage condition
is detected, the output will be actively pulled low by the
50x DMOS device, regardless of the LED state. If an IGBT
desaturation fault is detected while the signal LED is on,
the Fault signal will latch in the high state. The triple darlington AND the 50x DMOS device are disabled, and a
smaller 1x DMOS pull‑down device is activated to slowly
discharge the IGBT gate. When the output drops below
2 V, the 50x DMOS device again turns on, clamping the
IGBT gate firmly to Vee. The Fault signal remains latched
in the high state until the signal LED turns off.
Input IC
In the normal switching mode, no output fault has been
detected, and the low state of the fault latch allows the
input signals to control the signal LED. The fault output
is in the open‑collector state, and the state of the Reset
pin does not affect the control of the IGBT gate. When a
fault is detected, the FAULT output and signal input are
both latched. The fault output changes to an active low
state, and the signal LED is forced off (output LOW). The
latched condition will persist until the Reset pin is pulled
low.
250 µA
DESAT (14)
+
VIN+ (1)
VIN– (2)
–
LED
VCC1 (3)
GND (4)
VE (16)
UVLO
DELAY
VCC2 (13)
–
+
12 V
VC (12)
FAULT
FAULT (6)
7V
Q
R
VOUT (11)
S
RESET (5)
50 x
FAULT
VEE (9,10)
1x
Figure 64. Behavioral circuit schematic.
24
ACPL-516x
1
VIN+
2
VIN-
3
VCC1
4
GND1
5
RESET
6
FAULT
7
VLED1+
8
VLED1-
ACPL-516x
ACPL-516x
VE
16
VE
16
VLED2+
15
VLED2+
15
DESAT
14
DESAT
14
VCC2
13
VCC2
13
VC
12
VC
12
VOUT
11
VOUT
11
VEE
10
VEE
10
VEE
9
VEE
9
Rg
RPULL-DOWN
Figure 65. Output pull-down resistor.
100 pF
µC
100 Ω
Rg
Figure 66. DESAT pin protection.
DDESAT
3.3
kΩ
+
–
330 pF
Figure 67. FAULT pin CMR protection.
Other Recommended Components
Capacitor on FAULT Pin for High CMR
The application circuit in Figure 62 includes an output
pull-down resistor, a DESAT pin protection resistor, a
FAULT pin capacitor (330 pF), and a FAULT pin pull-up
resistor.
Rapid common mode transients can affect the fault
pin voltage while the fault output is in the high state. A
330 pF capacitor (Fig. 66) should be connected between
the fault pin and ground to achieve adequate CMOS
noise margins at the specified CMR value of 15 kV/µs.
The added capacitance does not increase the fault output delay when a desaturation condition is detected.
Output Pull-Down Resistor
During the output high transition, the output voltage
rapidly rises to within 3 diode drops of VCC2. If the output
current then drops to zero due to a capacitive load, the
output voltage will slowly rise from roughly VCC2-3(VBE)
to VCC2 within a period of several microseconds. To limit
the output voltage to VCC2-3(VBE), a pull-down resistor
between the output and VEE is recommended to sink a
static current of several 650 µA while the output is high.
Pull-down resistor values are dependent on the amount
of positive supply and can be adjusted according to the
formula, Rpull-down = [VCC2-3 * (VBE)] / 650 µA.
DESAT Pin Protection
The freewheeling of flyback diodes connected across
the IGBTs can have large instantaneous forward voltage
transients which greatly exceed the nominal forward
voltage of the diode. This may result in a large negative
voltage spike on the DESAT pin which will draw substantial current out of the IC if protection is not used. To limit
this current to levels that will not damage the IC, a 100
ohm resistor should be inserted in series with the DESAT diode. The added resistance will not alter the DESAT
threshold or the DESAT blanking time.
25
Pull-up Resistor on FAULT Pin
The FAULT pin is an open-collector output and therefore
requires a pull-up resistor to provide a high-level signal.
Driving with Standard CMOS/TTL for High CMR
Capacitive coupling from the isolated high voltage
circuitry to the input referred circuitry is the primary
CMR limitation. This coupling must be accounted for to
achieve high CMR perform­ance. The input pins VIN+ and
VIN- must have active drive signals to prevent unwanted
switching of the output under extreme common mode
transient conditions. Input drive circuits that use pull-up
or pull-down resistors, such as open collector configurations, should be avoided. Standard CMOS or TTL drive
circuits are recommended.
User-Configuration of the ACPL-516x Input Side
The VIN+, VIN-, FAULT and RESET input pins make a wide
variety of gate control and fault configurations possible,
depending on the motor drive requirements. The ACPL516x has both inverting and non­inverting gate control
inputs, an open collector fault output suitable for wired
‘OR’ applications and an active low reset input.
ACPL-516x
1
VIN+
2
VIN-
3
VCC1
4
GND1
Driving Input pf ACPL-516x in Non‑Inverting/Inverting
Mode
5
RESET
6
FAULT
The Gate Drive Voltage Output of the ACPL-516x can
be configured as inverting or non‑inverting using the
VIN– and VIN+ inputs. As shown in Figure 68, when a
non‑inverting configuration is desired, VIN– is held low
by connecting it to GND1 and VIN+ is toggled. As shown
in Figure 69, when an inverting configuration is desired,
VIN+ is held high by connecting it to VCC1 and VIN– is toggled.
7
VLED1+
8
VLED1-
+
–
µC
Figure 68. Typical input configuration, noninverting.
HCPL-316J fig 68
Local Shutdown, Local Reset
As shown in Figure 70, the fault output of each ACPL516x gate driver is polled separately, and the individual
reset lines are asserted low independently to reset the
motor controller after a fault condition.
ACPL-516x
+
–
µC
Global-Shutdown, Global Reset
As shown in Figure 71, when configured for inverting operation, the ACPL-516x can be configured to shutdown
automatically in the event of a fault condition by tying
the FAULT output to VIN+. For high reliability drives, the
open collector FAULT outputs of each ACPL-516x can be
wire ‘OR’ed together on a common fault bus, forming a
single fault bus for interfacing directly to the micro-controller. When any of the six gate drivers detects a fault,
the fault output signal will disable all six ACPL-516x gate
drivers simultaneously and thereby provide protection
against further catastrophic failures.
1
VIN+
2
VIN-
3
VCC1
4
GND1
5
RESET
6
FAULT
7
VLED1+
8
VLED1-
Figure 69. Typical Input Configuration, Inverting.
HCPL-316J fig 69
ACPL-516x
µC
+
–
1
VIN+
2
VIN-
3
VCC1
4
GND1
5
RESET
6
FAULT
7
VLED1+
8
VLED1-
Figure 70. Local shutdown, local reset configuration.
26
Auto-Reset
Resetting Following a Fault Condition
As shown in Figure 72, when the inverting VIN– input is
connected to ground (non‑inverting configuration), the
ACPL-516x can be configured to reset automatically by
connecting RESET to VIN+. In this case, the gate control
signal is applied to the non‑inverting input as well as the
reset input to reset the fault latch every switching cycle.
During normal operation of the IGBT, asserting the reset
input low has no effect. Following a fault condition, the
gate driver remains in the latched fault state until the
gate control signal changes to the ‘gate low’ state and
resets the fault latch. If the gate control signal is a continuous PWM signal, the fault latch will always be reset
by the next time the input signal goes high. This configuration protects the IGBT on a cycle‑by‑cycle basis and
automatically resets before the next ‘on’ cycle. The fault
outputs can be wire ‘OR’ed together to alert the microcontroller, but this signal would not be used for control
purposes in this (Auto‑Reset) configuration. When the
ACPL‑ 516x is configured for Auto‑Reset, the guaranteed
minimum FAULT signal pulse width is 3 µs.
To resume normal switching operation following a fault
condition (FAULT output low), the RESET pin must first
be asserted low in order to release the internal fault
latch and reset the FAULT output (high). Prior to asserting the RESET pin low, the input (VIN) switching signals
must be configured for an output (VOL) low state. This
can be handled directly by the microcontroller or by
hardwiring to synchronize the RESET signal with the appropriate input signal. Figure 73a shows how to connect
the RESET to the VIN+ signal for safe automatic reset in
the noninverting input configuration. Figure 73b shows
how to configure the VIN+/RESET signals so that a RESET
signal from the microcontroller causes the input to be
in the “output-off” state. Similarly, Figures 73c and 73d
show automatic RESET and microcontroller RESET safe
configurations for the inverting input configuration.
ACPL-516x
ACPL-516x
+
–
µC
CONNECT
TO OTHER
RESETS
1
VIN+
2
VIN-
3
VCC1
4
GND1
5
RESET
6
FAULT
7
VLED1+
8
VLED1-
+
–
µC
CONNECT
TO OTHER
FAULTS
1
VIN+
2
VIN-
3
VCC1
4
GND1
5
RESET
6
FAULT
7
VLED1+
8
VLED1-
Figure 72. Auto-reset configuration.
Figure 71. Global-shutdown, global reset configuration.
HCPL-316J fig 71
1
VIN+
2
VIN-
VCC
ACPL-516x
1
VIN+
2
VIN-
3
VCC1
4
GND1
5
RESET
6
FAULT
VCC
3
VCC1
µC
µC
VIN+/
RESET
FAULT
4
GND1
5
RESET
RESET
6
FAULT
FAULT
7
VLED1+
7
VLED1+
8
VLED1-
8
VLED1-
Figure 73a. Safe hardware reset for noninverting input
configuration (automatically resets for every VIN+ input).
27
ACPL-516x
VIN+
Figure 73b. Safe hardware reset for noninverting input
configuration.
User-Configuration of the ACPL-516x Output Side RG
and Optional Resistor RC:
The value of the gate resistor RG (along with VCC2 and VEE)
determines the maximum amount of gate-charging/discharging current (ION,PEAK and IOFF,PEAK) and thus should
be carefully chosen to match the size of the IGBT being
driven. Often it is desirable to have the peak gate charge
current be somewhat less than the peak discharge current (ION,PEAK < IOFF,PEAK). For this condition, an optional
resistor (RC) can be used along with RG to independently
determine ION,PEAK and IOFF,PEAK without using a steering
diode. As an example, refer to Figure 74. Assuming that
RG is already determined and that the design IOH,PEAK =
0.5 A, the value of RC can be estimated in the following
way:
RC + RG = [VCC2 – VOH – (VEE)]
 IOH,PEAK
= [4 V – (-5 V)]
0.5 A
= 18 Ω
RC = 8 Ω
See “Power and Layout Considerations” section for more
information on calculating value of RG.
ACPL-516x
VCC
1
VIN+
VIN-
VIN-
VIN-
2
VCC
3
ACPL-516x
VCC
1
VIN+
2
VIN-
3
VCC1
4
GND1
5
RESET
6
FAULT
VCC
VCC1
µC
µC
GND1
4
RESET
RESET
FAULT
5
RESET
6
FAULT
7
VLED1+
7
VLED1+
8
VLED1-
8
VLED1-
FAULT
Figure 73c. Safe hardware reset for inverting input configuration.
HCPL-316J fig 73c
HCPL-316J fig 73d
ACPL-516x
VE
16
VLED2+
15
DESAT
14
VCC2
13
VC
12
VOUT
11
VEE
10
VEE
9
100 pF
RC 8 Ω
10 Ω
10 nF
15 V
Figure 74. Use of RC to further limit ION,PEAK.
28
Figure 73d. Safe hardware reset for inverting input configuration
(automatically resets for every VIN- input).
-5 V
Higher Output Current Using an External Current Buffer:
DESAT Diode and DESAT Threshold
To increase the IGBT gate drive current, a non-inverting
current buffer (such as the npn/pnp buffer shown in
Figure 75) may be used. Inverting types are not compatible with the desatura-tion fault protection circuitry
and should be avoided. To preserve the slow IGBT turnoff feature during a fault condition, a 10 nF capacitor
should be connected from the buffer input to VEE and
a 10 W resistor inserted between the output and the
common npn/pnp base. The MJD44H11/MJD45H11
pair is appropriate for currents up to 8A maximum. The
D44VH10/ D45VH10 pair is appropriate for currents up
to 15 A maximum.
ACPL-516x
VE
16
VLED2+
15
DESAT
14
VCC2
13
VC
12
VOUT
11
VEE
10
VEE
9
100 pF
MJD44H11 or
D44VH10
4.5 Ω
10 Ω
2.5 Ω
10 nF
MJD45H11 or
D45VH10
15 V
The DESAT diode’s function is to conduct forward current, allowing sensing of the IGBT’s saturated collectorto-emitter voltage, VCESAT, (when the IGBT is “on”) and to
block high voltages (when the IGBT is “off”). During the
short period of time when the IGBT is switching, there is
commonly a very high dVCE/dt voltage ramp rate across
the IGBT’s collector-to-emitter. This results in ICHARGE (=
CD-DESAT x dVCE/dt) charging current which will charge
the blanking capacitor, CBLANK. In order to minimize
this charging current and avoid false DESAT triggering,
it is best to use fast response diodes. Listed in the below table are fast-recovery diodes that are suitable for
use as a DESAT diode (DDESAT ). In the recommended application circuit shown in Figure 62, the voltage on pin
14 (DESAT) is VDESAT = VF + VCE, (where VF is the forward
ON voltage of DDESAT and VCE is the IGBT collector-toemitter voltage). The value of VCE which triggers DESAT
to signal a FAULT condition, is nominally 7V – VF. If desired, this DESAT threshold voltage can be decreased by
using multiple DESAT diodes in series. If n is the number
of DESAT diodes then the nominal threshold value becomes VCE,FAULT(TH) = 7 V – n x VF. In the case of using two
diodes instead of one, diodes with half of the total required maximum reverse-voltage rating may be chosen.
-5 V
Figure 75. Current buffer for increased drive current.
Part Number
Manufacturer
trr (ns)
Max. Reverse Voltage
Rating, VRRM (V) Package Type
MUR1100E
Motorola
75
1000
59-04 (axial leaded)
MURS160T3
Motorola
75
600
Case 403A (surface mount)
UF4007
General Semi.
75
1000
DO-204AL (axial leaded)
BYM26E
Philips
75
1000
SOD64 (axial leaded)
BYV26E
Philips
75
1000
SOD57 (axial leaded)
BYV99
Philips
75
600
SOD87 (surface mount)
Power/Layout Considerations
Operating Within the Maximum Allowable Power Ratings
(Adjusting Value of RG):
When choosing the value of RG, it is important to confirm that the power dissipation of the ACPL-516x is
within the maximum allowable power rating.
The steps for doing this are:
1. Calculate the minimum desired RG;
29
2. Calculate total power dissipation in the part referring
to Figure 77. (Average switching energy supplied to
ACPL-516x per cycle vs. RG plot);
3. Compare the input and output power dissipation
calculated in step #2 to the maximum recommended
dissipation for the ACPL-516x. (If the maximum recommended level has been exceeded, it may be necessary to raise the value of RG to lower the switching
power and repeat step #2.)
As an example, the total input and output power dissipation can be calculated given the following conditions:
• ION, MAX ~ 2.0 A
• VCC2 = 18 V
• VEE = -5 V
• fCARRIER = 15 kHz
Step 1: Calculate RG minimum from IOL peak specification:
To find the peak charging lOL assume that the gate is
initially charged the steady‑state value of VEE. Therefore
apply the following relationship:
   [VOH@650 µA – (VOL+VEE)]
RG= ——————————
 IOL,PEAK
     [VCC2 – 1 – (VOL + VEE )]
= —————————
 IOL,PEAK
PO(BIAS) = steady‑state power dissipation in the ACPL516x due to biasing the device.
PO(SWITCH) = transient power dissipation in the ACPL516x due to charging and discharging power device
gate.
ESWITCH = Average Energy dissipated in ACPL-516x due
to  switching of the power device over one switching
cycle (µJ/cycle).
fSWITCH = average carrier signal frequency.
For RG = 10.5, the value read from Figure 77 is ESWITCH
= 6.05 µJ. Assume a worst‑case average ICC1 = 16.5 mA
(which is given by the average of ICC1H and ICC1L ). Similarly the average ICC2 = 5.5 mA.
PI = 16.5 mA * 5.5 V = 90.8 mW
PO = PO(BIAS) + PO,SWITCH
   18 V – 1 V – (1.5 V + (‑5 V))
= ——————————
 2.0 A
= 5.5 mA * (18 V – (–5 V)) + 6.051 µJ * 15 kHz
= 10.25 W
= 217.3 mW
≈ 10.5 W (for a 1% resistor)
(Note from Figure 76 that the real value of IOL may vary from the value
calculated from the simple model shown.)
Step 2: Calculate total power dissipation in the ACPL-516x:
The ACPL-516x total power dissipation (PT ) is equal to
the sum of the input‑side power (PI) and output‑side
power (PO):
PT = PI + PO
PI = ICC1 * VCC1
PO = PO(BIAS) + PO,SWTICH
 = ICC2 * (VCC2–VEE ) + ESWITCH * fSWITCH
where,
4
= 126.5 mW + 90.8 mW
Step 3: Compare the calculated power dissipation with the absolute maximum values for the ACPL-516x:
For the example,
PI = 90.8 mW < 150 mW (abs. max.) ) OK
PO = 217.3 mW < 600 mW (abs. max.) ) OK
Therefore, the power dissipation absolute maximum
rating has not been exceeded for the example.
For an explanation on how to calculate the maximum
junction temperature of the ACPL-516x for a given PC
board layout configuration, refer to the following Thermal Model section.
MAX. ION, IOFF vs. GATE RESISTANCE
(VCC2 / VEE2 = 25 V / 5 V
SWITCHING ENERGY vs. GATE RESISTANCE
(VCC2 / VEE2 = 25 V / 5 V
9
8
3
7
1
6
IOFF (MAX.)
0
-1
ION (MAX.)
Ess (Qg = 650 nC)
4
3
1
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Rg (Ω)
Figure 76. Typical peak ION and IOFF currents vs. Rg (for
ACPL-516x output driving an IGBT rated at 600 V/100 A.
HCPL-316J fig 76
30
5
2
-2
-3
Ess (µJ)
ION, IOFF (A)
2
0
0
50
100
150
200
Rg (Ω)
Figure 77. Switching energy plot for calculating average Pswitch
(for ACPL-516x output driving an IGBT rated at 600 V/100 A).
HCPL-316J fig 77
Thermal Model
R11, R12, R13, R14, R21, R22, R23, R24, R31, R32, R33, R34, R41, R42, R43, R44: Thermal Resistances in °C/W
R11: Thermal Resistance of LED1 due to heating of LED1.
R12: Thermal Resistance of LED1 due to heating of INPUT IC.
R13: Thermal Resistance of LED1 due to heating of LED2
R14: Thermal Resistance of LED1 due to heating of OUTPUT IC
R21: Thermal Resistance of INPUT IC due to heating of LED1.
R22: Thermal Resistance of INPUT IC due to heating of INPUT IC.
R23: Thermal Resistance of INPUT IC due to heating of LED2
R24: Thermal Resistance of INPUT IC due to heating of OUTPUT IC
R31: Thermal Resistance of LED2 due to heating of LED1
R32: Thermal Resistance of LED2 due to heating of INPUT IC
R33: Thermal Resistance of LED2 due to heating of LED2
R34: Thermal Resistance of LED2 due to heating of OUTPUT IC
R41: Thermal Resistance of OUTPUT IC due to heating of LED1
R42: Thermal Resistance of OUTPUT IC due to heating of INPUT IC
R42: Thermal Resistance of OUTPUT IC due to heating of LED2
R42: Thermal Resistance of OUTPUT IC due to heating of OUTPUT IC
Description
This thermal model assumes that the ACPL-516x optocoupler is mounted onto a 76.2 mm × 76.2 mm low and high
conductivity printed circuit board (PCB) per JEDEC standard. The PCB boards are made of FR-4 material and the thickness of the copper traces is per JEDEC standards for low/high conductivity board.
The ACPL-516x is a hybrid device with four die: an input LED1, an input buffer IC, an output feedback LED2, and an
output detector IC. The temperature at the LEDs and the ICs of the optocoupler can be calculated by using the following equations:
ΔT1A = R11P1 + R12P2+ R13P3+ R14P4
ΔT2A = R21P1 + R22P2+ R23P3+ R24P4
ΔT3A = R31P1 + R32P2+ R33P3+ R34P4
ΔT4A = R41P1 + R42P2 + R43P3+ R44P4
where:
ΔT1A = Temperature difference between ambient and LED1
ΔT2A = Temperature difference between ambient and INPUT IC
ΔT3A = Temperature difference between ambient and LED2
ΔT4A = Temperature difference between ambient and OUTPUT IC
P1 = Power dissipation from LED1
P2 = Power dissipation from INPUT IC
P3 = Power dissipation from LED2
P4 = Power dissipation from OUTPUT IC
31
Thermal Coefficient Data (units in °C/W)
High Conductivity Board
R11
R12
R13
R24
R21
R22
R23
R24
R31
R32
R33
R34
R41
R42
R43
R44
111
26
28
26
24
66
30
23
23
29
79
25
27
26
26
35
Low Conductivity Board
R11
R12
R13
R24
R21
R22
R23
R24
R31
R32
R33
R34
R41
R42
R43
R44
125
37
41
32
41
70
47
30
36
38
93
28
41
35
40
38
Junction Temperature Calculation
Assume maximum power dissipation, Pmax(buffer) = 0.15 W, Pmax(detector)= 0.6 W, P(LED) ~ 0.02 W. If the ambient
temperature is 125 °C, the calculated junction temperature for a high conductivity board is:
T2 = (R21 × P1 + R22 × P2 + R23 × P3 + R24 × P4) + Ta
= (24 × 0.02 + 66 × 0.15 + 30 × 0.02 + 23 × 0.6 ) + 125 ~ 150 °C
T4 = (R41 × P1 + R42 × P2 + R43 × P3 + R44 × P4 ) + Ta
= (27 × 0.02 + 26 × 0.15 + 26 × 0.02 + 35 × 0.6) + 125 ~ 150 °C
The junction temperatures of the input and output IC is ~ 150 °C when operating at 125 °C.
No power derating is required when operating below 125 °C using a high conductivity board.
If low conductivity board is used, the calculated junction temperature is:
T2 = (R21 × P1 + R22 × P2 + R23 × P3 + R24 × P4 ) + Ta
= (41 × 0.02 + 70 × 0.15 + 47 × 0.02 + 30 × 0.6 ) + 125 ~ 155 °C
T4 = (R41 × P1 + R42 × P2 + R43 × P3 + R44 × P4 ) + Ta
= (41 × 0.02 + 35 × 0.15 + 40 × 0.02 + 38 × 0.6) + 125 ~ 155 °C
The junction temperatures of the input and output IC exceeded the abs. max. junction temperature of 150 °C.
Power derating is required so that the junction temperatures do not exceed 150 °C.
Output IC power dissipation is derated linearly at 20 mW/°C above 120 °C.
Input IC power dissipation is derated linearly at 5 mW/°C above 120 °C.
32
System Considerations
Propagation Delay Difference (PDD)
The ACPL-516x includes a Propagation Delay Difference
(PDD) specification intended to help designers minimize
“dead time” in their power inverter designs. Dead time
is the time period during which both the high and low
side power transistors (Q1 and Q2 in Figure 62) are off.
Any overlap in Q1 and Q2 conduction will result in large
currents flowing through the power devices between
the high and low voltage motor rails, a potentially catastrophic condi­tion that must be prevented.
Delaying the ACPL-516x turn-on signals by the maximum
propaga­tion delay difference ensures that the minimum
dead time is zero, but it does not tell a designer what the
maximum dead time will be. The maximum dead time is
equivalent to the difference between the maximum and
minimum propagation delay difference specifications
as shown in Figure 79. The maximum dead time for the
ACPL-516x is 800 ns (= 400 ns - (-400 ns)) over an operating temperature range of -55 °C to 125 °C.
To minimize dead time in a given design, the turn-on of
the ACPL-516x driving Q2 should be delayed (relative to
the turn-off of the ACPL-516x driving Q1) so that under
worst-case conditions, transistor Q1 has just turned off
when transistor Q2 turns on, as shown in Figure 78. The
amount of delay necessary to achieve this condition is
equal to the maxi­mum value of the propagation delay
difference specification, PDDMAX, which is specified to
be 400 ns over the operating temperature range of ‑55
°C to 125 °C.
Note that the propagation delays used to calculate PDD
and dead time are taken at equal tempera­tures and test
conditions since the optocouplers under consider­a­tion
are typically mounted in close proximity to each other
and are switching identical IGBTs.
VIN+1
VOUT1
Q1 ON
Q1 OFF
Q2 ON
VOUT2
Q2 OFF
VIN+1
VIN+2
VOUT1
tPHLMIN
tPHLMAX
Q1 ON
Q1 OFF
tPLHMIN
tPLHMAX
Q2 ON
VOUT2
VIN+2
Q2 OFF
(tPHL-tPLH)MAX
MAXIMUM DEAD TIME
(DUE TO OPTOCOUPLER)
= (tPHLMAX - tPHLMIN) + (tPLHMAX - tPLHMIN)
= (tPHLMAX - tPLHMIN) – (tPHLMIN - tPLHMAX)
= PDD*MAX – PDD*MIN
tPHLMAX
tPLHMIN
PDD* MAX = (tPHL - tPLH)MAX = tPHLMAX - tPLHMIN
*PDD = PROPAGATION DELAY
NOTE: FOR PDD CALCULATIONS THE PROPAGATION DELAYS
ARE TAKEN AT THE SAME TEMPERATURE AND TEST CONDITIONS.
Figure 78. Minimum LED Skew for Zero Dead Time.
For product information and a complete list of distributors, please go to our website:
= PDD*MAX
*PDD = PROPAGATION DELAY DIFFERENCE
NOTE: FOR DEAD TIME AND PDD CALCULATIONS ALL PROPAGATION
DELAYS ARE TAKEN AT THE SAME TEMPERATURE AND TEST CONDITIONS.
Figure 79. Waveforms for Dead Time Calculation.
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AV02-3964EN - May 1, 2013