M TC962 High Current Charge Pump DC-to-DC Converter Features General Description • • • • • • • • The TC962 is an advanced version of the industry standard TC7662 high voltage DC-to-DC converter. Using improved design techniques and CMOS construction, the TC962 can source as much as 80mA versus the 7662’s 20mA capability. Pin Compatible With TC7662/ICL7662/SI7661 High Output Current 80mA No External Diodes Required Wide Operating Range 3V to 18V Low Output Impedance 28Ω Typ. No Low Voltage Terminal Required Application Zener On-Chip OSC Frequency Doubling Pin Option for Smaller Output Capacitors Applications • • • • Laptop Computers Disk Drives Process Instrumentation µP-Based Controllers Device Selection Table Part Number Package Operating Temp. Range TC962COE 16-Pin SOIC Wide 0°C to +70°C TC962CPA 8-Pin Plastic DIP 0°C to +70°C TC962EPA 8-Pin Plastic DIP -40°C to +85°C TC962IJA 8-Pin CERDIP -25°C to +85°C TC962MJA 8-Pin CERDIP -55°C to +125°C As an inverter, the TC962 can put out voltages as high as 18V and as low as 3V without the need for external diodes. The output impedance of the device is a low 28Ω (with the proper capacitors), voltage conversion efficiency is 99.9%, and power conversion efficiency is 97%. The low voltage terminal (pin 6) required in some TC7662 applications has been eliminated. Grounding this terminal will double the oscillator frequency from 12kHz to 24kHz. This will allow the use of smaller capacitors for the same output current and ripple, in most applications. Only two external capacitors are required for inverter applications. In the event an external clock is needed to drive the TC962 (such as paralleling), driving this pin directly will cause the internal oscillator to sync to the external clock. Pin 1, which is used as a test pin on the 7662, is a voltage reference zener on the TC962. This zener (6.4V at 5mA) has a dynamic impedance of 12Ω and is intended for use where the TC962 is supplying current to external regulator circuitry and a reference is needed for the regulator circuit. (See Section 3.0 Applications Information). The TC962 is compatible with the LTC1044, SI7661 and ICL7662. It should be used in designs that require greater power and/or less input to output voltage drop. It offers superior performance over the ICL7660S. Package Type 16-Pin SOIC Wide 8-Pin DIP 8-Pin CERDIP Zener 8 VDD Cathode 1 • C+ 2 TC962CPA 7 COSC TC962EPA 6 FREQ x 2 GND 3 TC962IJA – C 4 TC962MJA 5 VOUT 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. Zener Cathode 1 16 VDD NC 2 C+ 3 15 NC 14 COSC NC 4 GND 5 13 NC TC962COE 12 FREQ x 2 NC 6 11 NC C– 7 10 VOUT NC 8 9 NC DS21484B-page 1 TC962 Functional Block Diagram 8 FREQ x 2 – OSC/C Timing 6 I VDD I TC962 7 Level Shift Q + – P SW1 2 F/F C Q Level Shift Comparator with Hysteresis N SW4 CAP + + CP External 3 Zener Cathode GND 1 6.4V VREF + Level Shift N SW2 4 Level Shift CR EXT OUT CAP – RL N SW3 5 VOUT DS21484B-page 2 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC962 1.0 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS *Stresses above those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operation sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to Absolute Maximum Rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Absolute Maximum Ratings* Supply Voltage (VDD to GND) ..............................+18V Input Voltage Any Pin ......................... (VDD +0.3) to (VSS -0.3) (Note 1) Current Into Any Pin............................................ 10mA ESD Protection ................................................ ±2000V Output Short Circuit ........... Continuous (at 5.5V Input) Package Power Dissipation (TA ≤ 70°C) SOIC ....................................................... 760 mW PDIP........................................................ 730 mW CERDIP .................................................. 800 mW Package Thermal Resistance CERDIP, RθJ-A ......................................... 90°C/W PDIP, RθJ-A ............................................ 140°C/W Operating Temperature Range CPA, COE ....................................... 0°C to +70°C IJA ................................................ -25°C to +85°C EPA .............................................. -40°C to +85°C MJA ............................................ -55°C to +125°C Storage Temperature Range ............. -65°C to +150°C TC962 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS Electrical Characteristics: VDD = 15V, TA = 25°C (See Figure 3-1) unless otherwise noted. Min Typ Max Units VDD Symbol Supply Voltage Parameter 3 — 18 V IS Supply Current VDD = 15V — — — — — — — — 510 560 650 190 210 210 — 700 — — — — — µA RL = ∞ TA = +25°C 0 ≤ TA ≤ +70°C -55°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C TA = +25°C 0 ≤ TA ≤ +70°C -55°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C IL = 20mA, VDD = 15V IL = 80mA, VDD = 15V IL = 3mA, VDD = 5V VDD = 5V Test Conditions RO Output Source Resistance — — — 32 35 — 37 40 50 Ω FOSC Oscillator Frequency — — 12 24 — — kHz PEFF Power Efficiency 93 — 97 — — — % RL = 2kΩ VDEF Voltage Efficiency 99 — 96 99.9 — — — — — % RL = ∞ Over temperature range VZ Zener Voltage 6.0 6.2 6.4 V IZ = 5mA ZZT Zener Impedance — 12 — Ω IL = 2.5mA to 7.5mA Note 1: Pin 6 Open Pin 6 GND Connecting any input terminal to voltages greater than V+ or less than GND may cause destructive latch-up. It is recommended that no inputs from sources operating from external supplies be applied prior to "power up" of the TC962. 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21484B-page 3 TC962 2.0 PIN DESCRIPTIONS The descriptions of the pins are listed in Table 2-1. TABLE 2-1: PIN FUNCTION TABLE Pin No. (8-Pin DIP) (8-Pin CERDIP) Symbol 1 Zener Cathode 2 C+ 3 GND 4 C- 5 VOUT 6 FREQ x 2 7 COSC 8 VDD Pin No. (16-Pin SOIC) Symbol 1 Zener Cathode 2 NC + 3 C 4 NC 5 GND 6 NC 7 C - 8 NC 9 NC 10 VOUT 11 NC 12 FREQ x 2 13 NC 14 COSC Description Cathode of internal zener diode. Positive side of external CP capacitor (pump cap). Ground terminal. Negative side of external CP capacitor (pump cap). Output voltage. If grounded, frequency doubles. Capacitor to GND will decrease frequency. Input voltage. Description Cathode of internal zener diode. No connect. Positive side of external CP capacitor (pump cap). No connect. Ground terminal. No connect. Negative side of external CP capacitor (pump cap). No connect. No connect. Output voltage. No connect. If grounded, frequency doubles. No connect. Capacitor to GND will decrease frequency. 15 NC No connect. 16 VDD Input voltage. DS21484B-page 4 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC962 3.0 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION 3.1 Theory of Operation internal to the TC962. Grounding pin 6 will turn on a current source and double the frequency. This will double the charge current going into the internal capacitor, as well as any capacitor added to pin 7. The TC962 is a capacitive pump (sometimes called a switched capacitor circuit), where four MOSFET switches control the charge and discharge of a capacitor. A zener diode has been added to the TC962 for use as a reference in building external regulators. This zener runs from pin 1 to ground. 3.2 The functional block diagram shows how the switching action works. SW1 and SW2 are turned on simultaneously, charging CP to the supply voltage, VIN. This assumes that the on resistance of the MOSFETs in series with the capacitor results in a charging time (3 time constants) that is less than the on time provided by the oscillator frequency as shown: Latch Up All CMOS structures contain a parasitic SCR. Care must be taken to prevent any input from going above or below the supply rail, or latch up will occur. The result of latch up is an effective short between VDD and VSS. Unless the power supply input has a current limit, this latch up phenomena will result in damage to the device. (See AN763 Latch-up Protection of CMOS ICs.) 3 (RDS(ON) CP) < CP/(0.5 fOSC) In the next cycle, SW1 and SW2 are turned off and after a very short interval of all switches being off (this prevents large currents from occurring due to cross conduction), SW3 and SW4 are turned on. The charge in CP is then transferred to CR, but with the polarity inverted. In this way, a negative voltage is now derived. FIGURE 3-1: TEST CIRCUIT 690 IS NC An oscillator supplies pulses to a flip-flop that is then fed to a set of level shifters. These level shifters then drive each set of switches at one-half the oscillator frequency. + 10µF CP 1 8 2 7 3 IL TC962 4 COSC RL VOUT (–5V) 5 The oscillator has two pins that control the frequency of oscillation. Pin 7 can have a capacitor added that is returned to ground. This will lower the frequency of the oscillator by adding capacitance to the timing capacitor FIGURE 3-2: V+ (+5V) CR + 10µF TYPICAL APPLICATIONS Combined Negative Converter and Positive Multiplier Split V+ In Half V+ 1 8 2 7 + 10µF 3 CP2 TC962 6 5 4 + CP1 + V+ VD1 VD2 VOUT = –V + C R1 VOUT = 2V + –2V + CP D + 10µF 1 8 2 7 3 TC962 4 6 5 10µF 10µF CR Lowering Output Resistance by Paralleling Devices VOUT = + V+ 2 10µF Positive Voltage Multiplier V+ V+ CP1 + 10µF 1 8 1 8 1 8 2 7 2 7 2 7 6 3 5 4 3 4 TC962 6 5 CP2 + 10µF 3 4 TC962 TC962 VD1 VD2 6 5 CP + 10µF CP VOUT = 2V +–2V + D 10µF VOUT CR + 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. 10µF DS21484B-page 5 TC962 4.0 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS Note: The graphs and tables provided following this note are a statistical summary based on a limited number of samples and are provided for informational purposes only. The performance characteristics listed herein are not tested or guaranteed. In some graphs or tables, the data presented may be outside the specified operating range (e.g., outside specified power supply range) and therefore outside the warranted range. Circuit of Figure 3-1, CP = CR = 10µF, CPESR ≈ CRESR ≈ 1Ω. Frequency vs. Temperature Oscillator Frequency vs. C OSC Supply Current vs. Temperature 20 700 V + = 15V 400 300 200 V + = 15V COSC = FREQ x 2 = OPEN 18 FREQUENCY (kHz) 500 FREQUENCY (Hz) 1k 100 0 -60 -40 -20 10 12 10 6 10 1 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 100 1000 10,000 Output Resistance vs. Temperature Current vs. Zener Voltage Power Conversion Efficiency vs. I LOAD CURRENT (mA) 60 V+ = 5V IL = 3mA 40 POWER CONVERSION EFFICIENCY (%) 50 70 TA = +25°C 40 30 20 V+ = 15V IL = 20mA 10 20 10 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 TEMPERATURE (°C) 0 4.5 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 TEMPERATURE (°C) 80 30 -60 -40 -20 CAPACITANCE (pF) TEMPERATURE (°C) OUTPUT RESISTANCE ( Ω) 14 8 100 50 16 TA = +25°C 100 150 135 90 80 EFFICIENCY 120 105 70 SUPPLY CURRENT 60 90 75 50 40 60 30 45 20 30 10 15 0 0 4.0 5.5 6.0 ZENER VOLTAGE (V) 6.5 7.0 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) TA = +25°C 10k 600 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 LOAD CURRENT (mA) Output Resistance vs. Input Voltage 110 TA = +25°C OUTPUT RESISTANCE (Ω) 100 90 80 70 3mA 60 20mA 50 40 30 20 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) DS21484B-page 6 20 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC962 5.0 PACKAGING INFORMATION 5.1 Package Marking Information Package marking data not available at this time. 5.2 Package Dimensions 8-Pin CDIP (Narrow) .110 (2.79) .090 (2.29) PIN 1 .300 (7.62) .230 (5.84) .020 (0.51) MIN. .055 (1.40) MAX. .320 (8.13) .290 (7.37) .400 (10.16) .370 (9.40) .040 (1.02) .020 (0.51) .200 (5.08) .160 (4.06) .150 (3.81) MIN. .200 (5.08) .125 (3.18) .015 (0.38) .008 (0.20) 3° MIN. .400 (10.16) .320 (8.13) .065 (1.65) .020 (0.51) .045 (1.14) .016 (0.41) Dimensions: inches (mm) 8-Pin Plastic DIP PIN 1 .260 (6.60) .240 (6.10) .045 (1.14) .030 (0.76) .070 (1.78) .040 (1.02) .310 (7.87) .290 (7.37) .400 (10.16) .348 (8.84) .200 (5.08) .140 (3.56) .040 (1.02) .020 (0.51) .150 (3.81) .115 (2.92) .110 (2.79) .090 (2.29) .022 (0.56) .015 (0.38) .015 (0.38) .008 (0.20) 3° MIN. .400 (10.16) .310 (7.87) Dimensions: inches (mm) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21484B-page 7 TC962 Package Dimensions (Continued) 16-Pin SOIC (Wide) PIN 1 .299 (7.59) .419 (10.65) .291 (7.40) .398 (10.10) .413 (10.49) .398 (10.10) .104 (2.64) .097 (2.46) .050 (1.27) TYP. .019 (0.48) .014 (0.36) .012 (0.30) .004 (0.10) 8° MAX. .013 (0.33) .009 (0.23) .050 (1.27) .016 (0.40) Dimensions: inches (mm) DS21484B-page 8 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC962 Sales and Support Data Sheets Products supported by a preliminary Data Sheet may have an errata sheet describing minor operational differences and recommended workarounds. To determine if an errata sheet exists for a particular device, please contact one of the following: 1. 2. 3. Your local Microchip sales office The Microchip Corporate Literature Center U.S. FAX: (480) 792-7277 The Microchip Worldwide Site (www.microchip.com) Please specify which device, revision of silicon and Data Sheet (include Literature #) you are using. New Customer Notification System Register on our web site (www.microchip.com/cn) to receive the most current information on our products. 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21484B-page9 TC962 NOTES: DS21484B-page10 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC962 Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is intended through suggestion only and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications. No representation or warranty is given and no liability is assumed by Microchip Technology Incorporated with respect to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights arising from such use or otherwise. Use of Microchip’s products as critical components in life support systems is not authorized except with express written approval by Microchip. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any intellectual property rights. Trademarks The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, FilterLab, KEELOQ, microID, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICMASTER, PICSTART, PRO MATE, SEEVAL and The Embedded Control Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. dsPIC, ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, FlexROM, fuzzyLAB, In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, ICEPIC, microPort, Migratable Memory, MPASM, MPLIB, MPLINK, MPSIM, MXDEV, PICC, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, rfPIC, Select Mode and Total Endurance are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. Serialized Quick Turn Programming (SQTP) is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. © 2002, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the U.S.A., All Rights Reserved. Printed on recycled paper. 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Le Colleoni 1 20041 Agrate Brianza Milan, Italy Tel: 39-039-65791-1 Fax: 39-039-6899883 United Kingdom Arizona Microchip Technology Ltd. 505 Eskdale Road Winnersh Triangle Wokingham Berkshire, England RG41 5TU Tel: 44 118 921 5869 Fax: 44-118 921-5820 03/01/02 '!%!' DS21484B-page 12 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.