CYPRESS LUPA-1300-C

LUPA-1300
1.3MPxl High Speed CMOS Image Sensor
In the following sections the different modules of the image
sensor are discussed more into detail. This data sheet allows
the user to develop a camera-system based on the described
timing and interfacing.
Main features
‘Preamble
Overview
This document describes the interfacing and the driving of the
image sensor LUPA1300, which is a 1280 by 1024 CMOS
pixel array working at 450 frames/sec. The sensor is an active
pixel sensor with synchronous shutter. The pixel size is 14 *
14 µm and the sensor is designed to achieve a fame rate of
450 frames/sec at full resolution. This high frame rate can be
achieved by 16 parallel output amplifiers each working at 40
MHz pixel rate.
The readout speed can be boosted by means of windowed
Region Of Interest (ROI) readout. High dynamic range scenes
can be captured using the double slope functionality.
The sensor uses a 3-wire Serial-Parallel (SPI) interface. It is
housed in a 145-pin ceramic PGA package.
Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
Document Number: 38-05711 Rev. *C
•
The main features of the image sensor are identified as:
• SXGA resolution: 1280 x 1024 active pixels.
• 14 µm2 square pixels (based on the high-fill factor active
pixel sensor technology of FillFactory (US patent No.
6,225,670 and others)).
• Pixel rate of 40 MHz using 16 parallel outputs.
• Random programmable windowing.
• Dual slope integration possible
• 145-pin PGA package
• Peak QE x FF of 15%.
• Optical format: 1,43" (17.9 mm x 14.3 mm)
• Optical dynamic range: 62 dB (1330:1) in single slope
operation and 80 to100 dB in double slope operation.
• 16 parallel analog output amplifiers.
• Synchronous pipelined shutter.
• Processing is done in a CMOS 0.50 µm triple metal process.
Part Number and ordering information
Monochrome/color
Name
Package
CYIL1SM1300AA-GDC
145-pins PGA
package.
Monochrome.
CYIL1SC1300AA-GSC
145-pins PGA
package.
RGB Bayer
pattern.
The LUPA-1300 is also available in color or monochrome
without the cover glass. Please contact Cypress for more information.
198 Champion Court
•
San Jose, CA 95134-1709
•
408-943-2600
Revised January 4, 2007
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preamble ........................................................................................................................................................... 1
Specifications ................................................................................................................................................... 4
Overview ...................................................................................................................................................... 4
Features and general specifications ............................................................................................................ 5
Spectral response curve .............................................................................................................................. 5
Photo-voltaic response curve ....................................................................................................................... 6
Absolute maximum ratings ........................................................................................................................... 6
Recommended operating conditions ........................................................................................................... 7
Sensor architecture .......................................................................................................................................... 8
Frame rate calculation ................................................................................................................................. 10
X-Y addressing and windowing .................................................................................................................... 10
Temperature diode ....................................................................................................................................... 10
Temperature module .................................................................................................................................... 10
Power supplies and grounds ........................................................................................................................ 12
Biasing and analog signals .......................................................................................................................... 14
Pixel array signals ........................................................................................................................................ 14
Digital signals ............................................................................................................................................... 15
Test signals .................................................................................................................................................. 15
Timing ................................................................................................................................................................ 16
Reduced Row Overhead Time timing .......................................................................................................... 18
Pin configuration .............................................................................................................................................. 20
Pad positioning and packaging ...................................................................................................................... 25
Monochrome ................................................................................................................................................ 27
Color ............................................................................................................................................................ 28
Handling precautions ................................................................................................................................... 28
Application notes & FAQ ................................................................................................................................. 30
APPENDIX A: LUPA-1300 Evaluation kit ........................................................................................................ 31
Document History Page ................................................................................................................................... 32
LIST OF FIGURES
Spectral response curve ..................................................................................................................................... 5
Output voltage as a function of the number of electrons. ................................................................................... 6
Architecture of the LUPA sensor ........................................................................................................................ 8
Schematic representation of the synchronous pixel as used in the LUPA design .............................................. 8
Schematic representation of the column readout structure. ............................................................................... 9
Schematic representation of a single output stage ............................................................................................. 9
Output voltage of the temperature module versus temperature ......................................................................... 11
Synchronous shutter operation ........................................................................................................................... 11
Integration and read out in parallel ..................................................................................................................... 12
Principle of non-destructive readout. .................................................................................................................. 12
Figure11a. Schematic of typical decoupling of power supply (source current) .................................................. 13
Figure 11b.Schematic of typical decoupling of power supply (source current) .................................................. 13
Internal timing of the pixel. .................................................................................................................................. 14
Timing of the pixel array ...................................................................................................................................... 16
Document Number: 38-05711 Rev. *C
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Timing of the y shift register. .............................................................................................................................. 17
Readout time of a line is the sum of the row blanking time and on the line readout time. .................................. 17
Reduced standard ROT by means of Sh_col signal............................................................................................ 18
Only pre_col and Norowsel control signals are required. SH_col is made active low. ....................................... 19
Schematic of the SPI interface ........................................................................................................................... 19
Package drawing of the LUPA-1300 sensor ....................................................................................................... 25
Package drawing with die of the LUPA-1300 sensor ......................................................................................... 26
Color filter arrangement on the pixels. ................................................................................................................ 27
Transmission characteristics of the D263 glass used as protective cover for the LUPA-1300 sensors. ............ 27
Transmission characteristics of the S8612 glass used as NIR cut-off filter. ....................................................... 28
Dual slope diagram ............................................................................................................................................. 30
LIST OF TABLES
General specifications of the LUPA sensor ........................................................................................................ 4
Electrical-optical specifications of the LUPA-1300 sensor ................................................................................. 4
Features and general specifications ................................................................................................................... 5
Absolute maximum ratings ................................................................................................................................. 6
Recommended operation conditions .................................................................................................................. 7
Advantages and disadvantages of non-destructive readout. .............................................................................. 12
Power supplies used in the LUPA design ........................................................................................................... 13
Overview of biasing signals ................................................................................................................................ 14
Overview of the internal and external pixel array signals. .................................................................................. 15
Typical timings of the pixel array ........................................................................................................................ 16
Pin description of the assembled LUPA-1300 sensor in the PGA 144 package. ............................................... 21
Document Number: 38-05711 Rev. *C
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Specifications
General specifications
Table 1. General specifications of the LUPA sensor
Parameter
Specification
Remarks
Pixel architecture
6T-pixel
Based on the high-fill factor active pixel sensor technology of
FillFactory
Pixel size
14 µm x 14 µm
Resolution
1280 x1024
The resolution and pixel size results in a 17.9 mm x 14.3 mm optical
active area.
Pixel rate
640 MHz
Using a 20 MHz system clock and 16 parallel outputs.
Shutter type
Pipelined snapshot shutter
Full snapshot shutter with variable integration time
Full frame rate
450 frames/second
Frame rate increase possible with ROI read out and/or sub sampling.
Package
Pin grid array 145 pins
PGA pins with 0.46 mm diameter
Electro-optical characteristics
Overview
Table 2. Electrical-optical specifications of the LUPA-1300 sensor
Parameter
Specification
Remarks
FPN
<3% RMS
<10% p/p.
PRNU
2% RMS
Half saturation.
Conversion gain
16 uV/electron
Output signal amplitude
1V
Unity gain.
Saturation charge
62.500 e-
Is more then 60.000 (=1V/16uV/e-) due to non-linearity in saturated
region.
Sensitivity
1500 V.m2/W.s
Average white light.
8.33 V/lux.s
Visible band only (180 lx = 1 W/m2).
21.43 V/lux.s
Visible + NIR (70 lx = 1 W/m2).
Fill Factor
50%
100%-metal and polycide coverage.
Peak QE * FF
Peak SR * FF
15%
0.08 A/W
See spectral response curve.
MTF
X: 67%
Y: 66%
@ Nyquist
Temporal Noise
45e-
Dark environment, measured at T=21 oC.
S/N ratio
1330
1330 = 60000:45 = 62 dB.
Spectral sensitivity range 400 - 1000 nm
Parasitic light sensitivity
< 0.5%
I.e. sensitivity of the storage node compared to the sensitivity of
photodiode
Power dissipation
900 mWatt
Typical.
Output impedance
200-300 Ohms
Typical
Document Number: 38-05711 Rev. *C
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Features and general specifications
Table 3. Features and general specifications
Feature
Specification/Description
Electronic shutter type
Synchronous pipelined shutter with variable integration time.
Windowing (ROI)
Programmable via SPI.
Read out sequence
Progressive scan.
Extended dynamic range
Double slope extended dynamic range.
X clock
20 MHz (pixel rate of 40 MHz)
Number of outputs
16.
Supply voltage VDD
Image core supply: Range from 3V to 6 V.
Analog supply: Nominal 5 V.
Digital: Nominal 5 V.
Logic levels
5V (digital supply)
Operational temperature range
0°C to 60°C, with degradation of dark current.
Package
145-pins Pin Grid Array (PGA).
Spectral response curve
Figure 1. Spectral response curve
0.12
Response (A/W)
0.1
0.08
QE=10%
QE=15%
0.06
QE= 20%
0.04
LUPA-1300
0.02
0
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Wavelength (nm)
Figure 1 shows the spectral response characteristic. The
curve is measured directly on the pixels. It includes effects of
non-sensitive areas in the pixel, e.g. interconnection lines. The
Document Number: 38-05711 Rev. *C
sensor is light sensitive between 400 and 1000 nm. The peak
QE * FF is 15% approximately between 500 and 700 nm.
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Photo-voltaic response curve
Figure 2. Output voltage as a function of the number of electrons
As one can see from Figure 2, the output signal ranges
between 0 V to 1.1 V and is linear until around 800 mV. Note
that the upper part of the curve (near saturation) is actually a
logarithmic response.
Electrical specifications
Absolute maximum ratings
Table 4. Absolute maximum ratings
Symbol
Parameter
Value
Unit
VDC
DC supply voltage
-0.5 to +7
V
VIN
DC input voltage
0.5 to VDC + 0.5
V
VOUT
DC output voltage
-0.5 to VDC + 0.5
I
DC current per pin; any single input or output. (see
Table 7 for more exceptions)
± 50
mA
TSTG
Storage temperature range.
-40 to 100
°C
TL
Lead temperature (10 seconds soldering).
300
°C
V
Note
1. Absolute Ratings are those values beyond which damage to the device may occur.
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Recommended operating conditions
Table 5. Recommended operation conditions
Typ
Unit
Vdda
Symbol
Power supply column read out module.
Parameter
5
V
Vdd
Power supply digital modules
5
V
Vddr
Power supply logic for drivers
5
V
Voo
Power supply output stages
5
V
Vres
Power supply reset drivers
6
V
Vres_ds
Power supply multiple slope reset driver
4.5
V
Vmem_h
Power supply memory element (high level)
6
V
Vmem_l
Power supply memory element (low level)
4.5
V
Vpix
Power supply pixel array
4.5
V
Vstable
Power supply output stages. Decouples noise on the Voo supply from the
output signal.
5.5
V
Notes
2. All parameters are characterized for DC conditions after thermal equilibrium has been established.
3. Unused inputs must always be tied to an appropriate logic level, e.g. either VDD or GND.
4. This device contains circuitry to protect the inputs against damage due to high static voltages or electric fields; however it is recommended that normal precautions
be taken to avoid application of any voltages higher than the maximum rated voltages to this high impedance circuit.
5. All power supplies should be sufficiently decoupled because spikes and drops in the power supplies will be immediately visible in the analog output signals.
Document Number: 38-05711 Rev. *C
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Sensor architecture
The image sensor consists of the pixel array, the column
readout electronics, X-and Y addressing, on chip drivers, the
output amplifiers and some logic
Figure 3. Architecture of the LUPA sensor.
Sensor
Imager core
Control signals
Drivers for the pixel array signals
Pixel
System clock
40 MHz
Y-addressing
16
Pixel core
15
14
Column amplifiers
Analog multiplexer
Output
amplifiers
3
2
X-addressing
1
SPI interface
Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of the image
sensor on which the different modules are displayed.
maximum fill factor. A schematic representation of the pixel is
given in Figure 4
The image core is a pixel array of 1280 * 1024 pixels each of
14 *14 µm2 in size. The readout is from bottom left to top right.
To obtain a frame rate of 450 frames/sec for this resolution, 16
output amplifiers each capable of driving an output capacitance of 10 pF at 40 MHz are placed on the image sensor.
Figure 4. Schematic representation of the synchronous
pixel as used in the LUPA design
Pixel architecture
The active pixels allow synchronous shutter i.e. all pixels are
illuminated during the same integration time, starting from the
same moment in time. After a certain integration time, the
pixels are readout sequentially. Readout and integration are in
parallel, which means that when the image sensor is readout,
the integration time for the next frame is ongoing. This feature
requires a memory element inside the pixel, which affects the
reset
Row
select
sample
precharge
Column out
The column readout amplifiers bring the pixel data to the
output amplifiers. The logic and the x- and y addressing
controls the image sensor so that progressive scan and
windowing is possible. Extra pixel array drivers are foreseen
at the top of the image sensor to control the global pixel array
signals.
Vpix
Mem
Note
6. The signals mentioned in Figure 4 are the internal signals, generated by the internal drivers, required to have the synchronous shutter feature
Document Number: 38-05711 Rev. *C
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The photodiode is designed to obtain sensitivity as high as
possible for a dynamic range of at least 60dB. Consequently
the photodiode capacitance is 10 fF @ the output, resulting in
a S/N of more than 60 dB as the rms noise level is within the
expectation of 45 noise electrons. The pixel was specially
designed to have a very low parasitic light sensitivity (<0.5%).
The pixels are based on the high-fill factor active pixel sensor
technology of FillFactory (US patent No. 6,225,670 and
others)).
Column readout amplifiers
The column readout amplifiers are the interface between the
pixels and the output amplifiers. The pixels in the array are
selected line by line and the pixels of the selected line are
connected to the column readout amplifiers, which bring the
pixel data in the correct format to the output amplifiers.
To obtain a high frame rate, the complexity and the number of
stages in the column readout amplifiers must be minimized, so
that the power dissipation remains as low as possible, but also
to minimize the row blanking time. Figure 5 is a schematic
representation of the column readout structure. It consists of 2
parts. The first part is a module that reduces the row blanking
time. The second part shifts the signal to the correct level for
the output amplifiers and allows multiplexing in the x-direction.
From the moment that a new row is selected, the pixel data of
that row is placed onto the columns of the pixel array. These
columns are long lines and have a large parasitic capacitance.
As the pixel is small, it is not possible to match the transistor
inside the pixel, which drives this column. Consequently, the
first module in the column readout amplifiers must solve the
mismatch between the pixel driver and the large column
capacitance
Figure 5. Schematic representation of the column readout structure
column
Module 1 : track & hold or reference set method
Module 2 : signal conditioning and multiplexing
Shkol
Norow sel
X-mux
Output stage
Output amplifiers
16 output amplifiers each capable of working at 40 MHz pixel
rate are placed equidistant on the bottom of the image sensor.
These output amplifiers are required to obtain a frame rate of
450 frames/sec. A single output stage, not only to reduce
power, but also to achieve the required pixel rate is designed.
Figure 6 is a schematic representation of this module
Figure 6. Schematic representation of a single output stage.
Stabilize
power supply
Vstable
Out
In
Cload d 10 pF
Output stage
Each output stage is designed to drive a load of 10 pF at a pixel
rate of 40 MHz. The load in the output stage determines this
pixel rate. In case the load capacitance is less than 10 pF, the
load in the output stage can increase, resulting in less power
Document Number: 38-05711 Rev. *C
dissipation of the output stages and consequently of the whole
sensor. Additionally, decreasing the load of the output stage
allows having more current available for the output stage to
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charge or discharge the load capacitance to obtain a higher
pixel rate.
voltage (Vstable) allows variation on the supply voltage Voo
without being seen on the output signal.
To avoid variations on the supply voltage to be seen on the
output signal, a special module to stabilize the power supply
is required. This module that requires an additional supply
One can also choose to have a passive load of chip instead of
the active output stage load. This deteriorates the linearity of
the output stages, but decreases the power dissipation, as the
dissipation in the load is external.
Frame rate and windowing
Frame rate calculation
The frame period of the LUPA-1300 sensor can be calculated
as follows:
Frame period = FOT + (Nr.Lns* (RBT + pixel period * Nr. Pxs/16)
with:
FOT: Frame Overhead Time = 1 us.
Nr. Lns: Number of Lines read out each frame (Y).
Nr. Pxs: Number of pixels read out each line (X).
RBT: Row blanking time = 200 ns (nominal; can be further reduced).
Pixel period: clock_x period/2 (both rising and falling edge are active edges).
- Example 1 read out of the full resolution at nominal speed (40 MHz pixel rate):
Frame period = 5 us + (1024 * (200 ns + 25 ns * 1280/16) = 2.25 ms
=> 444 fps.
- Example 2 read out of 800x600 at nominal speed (40 MHz pixel rate):
Frame period = 5 us + (600 * (200 ns + 25 ns * 800/16) = 871 us
=> 1148 fps.
- Example 3 read out of 640x480 at nominal speed (40 MHz pixel rate):
Frame period = 5 us + (480 * (200 ns + 25 ns * 640/16) = 577 us
=> 1733 fps.
- Example 4 read out of the full resolution at nominal speed (40 MHz pixel rate) with reduced overhead time:
Frame period = 5 us + (1024 * (100 ns + 25 ns * 1280/16) = 2.15 ms
=> 465 fps.
X-Y addressing and windowing
Temperature module
The pixel array is readout by means of programmable X and
Y shift registers. The pixel array is scanned line-by-line and
column-by-column. The starting point in X and Y is defined
individually for each register and is determined by the address
downloaded by the Serial-Parallel Interface (SPI). Both
registers work in the same way. A sync pulse that sets the
address pointer to the starting address of each register,
initializes them. A clock pulse for the x- and y-shift register
shifts the pointer individually and makes sure that the
sequential selection of the lines and columns is correct.
On the same image sensor we have foreseen a module to
verify the temperature on chip and the variation of the output
voltage (dark level of the pixel array) due to a temperature
variation. This module contains a copy of the complete signal
path, including a blind pixel, the column amplifiers and an
output stage. It DC response may serve a temperature
calibration for the real signal. The temperature functionality is
given in Figure 7. Between room temperature and 60oC we
see a voltage variation of about 0.5 mV.
Temperature reference circuits
Temperature diode
The most commonly used temperature measurement is
monitoring of the junction voltage of a diode, therefore we also
added a temperature diode to measure the temperature of the
silicon die. This diode junction voltage is generated by a
"small", forward biased, constant current flow (in between 10
and 100 µA).
This junction voltage has a nearly linear relationship with the
temperature of the die with a typical sensitivity of about 430°C
per volt (2.3 mV per °C) for silicon junctions.
Due to different applied supply voltages, as there are: Vreset,
Vmem, Vpix an offset between the output voltage of the
temperature sensor and the output of a black signal of the pixel
array can occur. Depending on the working conditions of the
image sensor one can fine-tune the temperature module with
its voltage supply. In case one has a 6V signal for reset and a
4-6V signal for Vmem, a supply voltage of 5.5V for the temperature sensor will result in a closer match between this temperature sensor and the black level of the image sensor.
Changing the supply voltage of the temperature sensor results
only in a shift of the output voltage therefore the supply voltage
of the temperature module can be tuned to make the output of
the module equal to the dark signal of the pixel array at a
certain working temperature.
Note
7. The LUPA-1300 is designed to drive a capacitive load, not a resistive. When one wants to transport the output signals over long distances (more than 1 inch),
make sure to place buffers on the outputs with high input impedances (preferably >1Mohms). This is necessary because the output impedance of the LUPA-1300
is between 200-300 ohms typically.
Document Number: 38-05711 Rev. *C
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Vsupply (V)
Vout @ 21
oC
5
5.5
6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
0.58
0.8
1.03
1.07
1.12
1.17
1.22
1.27
Figure 7. Output voltage of the temperature module versus temperature
1.13
1.11
Vout (V)
1.09
6
1.07
6.1
6.2
1.05
1.03
1.01
0.99
25
35
45
55
65
75
Te mpe rature (°C)
Synchronous shutter
In a synchronous (snapshot) shutter light integration takes
place on all pixels in parallel, although subsequent readout is
sequential
Figure 8. Synchronous shutter operation.
COMMON SAMPLE&HOLD
Flash could occur here
COMMON RESET
Line number
Time axis
Integration time
Figure 8 shows the integration and read out sequence for the
synchronous shutter. All pixels are light sensitive at the same
period of time. The whole pixel core is reset simultaneously
Burst Readout time
and after the integration time all pixel values are sampled
together on the storage node inside each pixel. The pixel core
is read out line by line after integration.
Note
8. Note that the integration and read out cycle can occur in parallel.
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Figure 9. Integration and read out in parallel
Read frame I
Read frame I + 1
Integration I + 1
Integration I + 2
The control of the readout of the frame and of the integration
time are independent of each other with the only exception that
the end of the integration time from frame I+1 is the beginning
of the readout of frame I+1.
Non-destructive readout (NDR)
The sensor can also be read out in a non-destructive way. After
a pixel is initially reset, it can be read multiple times, without
resetting. The initial reset level and all intermediate signals can
be recorded. High light levels will saturate the pixels quickly,
but a useful signal is obtained from the early samples. For low
light levels, one has to use the later or latest samples.
Figure 10. Principle of non-destructive readout.
time
Essentially an active pixel array is read multiple times, and
reset only once. The external system intelligence takes care
of the interpretation of the data. Table 6 summarizes the
advantages and disadvantages of non-destructive readout.
Table 6. Advantages and disadvantages of non-destructive readout.
Advantages
Disadvantages
Low noise - as it is true CDS. System memory required to
record the reset level and the
intermediate samples.
High sensitivity - as the
conversion capacitance is
kept rather low.
Requires multiples readings
of each pixel, thus higher data
throughput.
High dynamic range - as the
results includes signal for
short and long integrations
times.
Requires system level digital
calculations.
Operation and signaling
One can distinguish the different signals into different groups:
•
•
•
•
•
Power supplies and grounds
Biasing and analog signals
Pixel array signals
Digital signals
Test signals
Power supplies and grounds
Every module on chip, as there are: column readout, output
stages, digital modules, drivers, has its own power supply and
ground. Off chip the grounds can be combined, but not all
power supplies may be combined. This results in several
power supplies, but is required to reduce electrical crosstalk
and to improve shielding.
On chip we have the ground lines also separately for every
module to improve shielding and electrical crosstalk between
them. The only special ground is "Gnd_res", which can be
used to remove the blooming if any and which can improve
optical crosstalk.
An overview of the supplies is given in Table 7. The power
supplies related to the pixel array signals are described in the
paragraph concerning the pixel array signals.
Note
9. Normal application doesn't require this Gnd_res and it can be connected to ground.
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Table 7. Power supplies used in the LUPA design
Name
Vdda
Max current
50 mA
Typ.
Max
5V
Description
Power supply column readout module
Vdd
20 mA
5V
Power supply digital modules
Voo
85 mA
5V
Power supply output stages
Vstable
6 mA
5.5V
6V
Power supply output stages. Decouples noise on the Voo
supply from the output signal.
Vpix
200 mA
4.5V
6V
Power supply pixel array.
Vddr
20 mA
5V
Power supply logic for drivers
Vres
50 mA
6V
Power supply to reset the pixels
VmemH
50 mA
6V
Power supply for high DC level Vmem
VmemL
50 mA
4.5V
Power supply for low DC level Vmem
The maximum currents mentioned in Table 7 are peak
currents. The power supplies need to be able to deliver these
currents especially the maximum supply current for Vpix.
It is important to notice that we don't do any power supply
filtering on chip and that noise on these power supplies can
contribute immediately to the noise on the signal. Especially
the voltage supplies Vpix and Vdda are important to be well
noise free. With respect to the power supply Voo, a special
decoupling is used, for which an additional power supply
Vstable is required
Figure 11a. Schematic of typical decoupling of power supply (source current)
Figure 11b. Schematic of typical decoupling of power supply (source current)
Notes
10. At start up the Vpix supply draws a very high current (> 300 mA) which has to be limited (max. 200 mA) otherwise the bond wires of the particular supply will
be destroyed. One should make sure that the Vpix power supply limits the current draw to the Vpix sensor supply pins to max. 200 mA. When the bond wires
of Vpix are destroyed the sensor isn't operating normally and will not meet the described specifications.
11. VmemL must sink a current, not source it. All power supplies should be decoupled very close to the sensor pin (typical 100nF to filter high frequency dips and
10 microF to filter slow dips). A typical decoupling circuit is shown in the figure below. Vres_ds must be able to sink and source current.
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Biasing and analog signals
Besides the biasing signals, the only analog signals are the
output signals Out1 - Out16. Each output signal is analog with
respect to the voltage level, but is discrete in time. This means
that on the speed of Clock_x, the outputs change to a different
level, depending on the illumination of the corresponding
pixels.
The biasing signals determine the speed and power dissipation of the different modules on chip. These biasing signals
have to be connected trough a resistor to ground or power
supply and should be decoupled with a capacitor. If the sensor
is working properly, each of the biasing signals will have a
dc-voltage depending on the resistor value and on the internal
circuitry. These dc-voltages can be used to check the
operation of the image sensor. Table 8 gives the different
biasing signals, the way they should be connected, and the
expected dc-voltage. Due to small process variations, these
dc-voltages change from chip to chip and 10% variation is
possible.
Table 8. Overview of biasing signals
Signal
Comment
Expected dc-level
Pre_load
Connect with 10 KΩ to Vdda and capacitor of 100 nF to Gnd
2.0V
Col_load
Connect with 2 MΩ to Vdda and capacitor of 100 nF to Gnd
0.9V
Psf_load
Connect with 240 KΩ to Gnd and capacitor of 100 nF to Vdda
3.7V
Nsf_load
Connect with 100 KΩ to Vdda and capacitor of 100 nF to Gnd
1.3V
Load_out
Connect with 27 KΩ to Voo and capacitor of 100 nF to Gnd
1.6V
Decx_load
Connect with 27 KΩ to Gnd and capacitor of 100 nF to Vdd
2.8V
Decy_load
Connect with 27 KΩ to Gnd and capacitor of 100 nF to Vdd
2.8V
Each resistor controls the speed and power dissipation of the
corresponding module, as this resistor determines the current
required to charge and/or discharge internal nodes inside the
module.
A decoupling with a small capacitor is advisable to reduce the
HF noise onto the analog signals. Only the capacitor on the
Pre_load signal can be omitted.
Pixel array signals
Figure 4 in paragraph 2.2 is a schematic representation of the
pixel as used in the LUPA design. The applied signals to this
pixel are: reset, sample, Precharge, Vmemory, row select and
Vpix. These are internal generated signals derived by on chip
drivers from external applied signals. Consequently it is
important to understand the relation between both internal and
external signals and to understand the operation of the pixel.
The timing of the pixel is given in Figure 12 in which only the
internal signals are given.
Figure 12. Internal timing of the pixel.
At the end of the integration time, the information on the photodiode node needs to be sampled and stored onto the pixel
memory, required to allow synchronous shutter. To do this,
we need the signals "Precharge" and "Sample". "Precharge"
resets the pixel memory and "Sample" places the pixel information onto the pixel memory. Once this information stored,
the readout of the pixel memories can start in parallel with a
Document Number: 38-05711 Rev. *C
new integration time. An additional signal "Vmem" is needed
to obtain a larger output swing.
Except from Vpix power supply, drivers generate the other
pixel signals on chip. The external signals to obtain the
required pulses consist of 2 groups. One is the group of digital
signals to indicate when the pulse must occur and the other
group is dc-supply lines indicating the levels of the pulses.
Page 14 of 32
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LUPA-1300
Table 9 summarizes the relation between the internal and
external pixel array signals
Table 9. Overview of the internal and external pixel array signals.
Internal signal
Vlow
Vhigh
External control
signal
Low dc level
High dc level
Precharge
0
5V
Precharge
Gnd
Vddr
Sample
0
5V
Sample
Gnd
Vddr
Reset
0V
4 - 6V
Reset & Reset_ds
Gnd_res
Vres & Vres_ds
Vmemory
4.5V
6V
Mem_hl
Vmem_l
Vmem_h
The Precharge and Sample signals are the most straightforward signals. The internal signal Vmemory is a signal that
switches between a low voltage (3.5 - 5.5V) and a high voltage
(5-6V). The signal Mem_hl controls the applied level and the
power supply lines Vmem_l and Vmem_h determine the low
and high dc-levels.
The Reset signal is due to the dual slope technique a little
more complex. In case the dual slope is not used, the reset
signal is straightforward generated from the external reset
pulse. In this case the supply voltage Vres determines the
level to which the pixel is resetted.
In case the dual slope operation is desired, one needs to give
a second pulse to a lower reset level during integration. This
can be done by the control signal Reset_ds and by the power
supply Vres_ds that defines the level to which the pixel has to
be resetted.
If a pulse is given on the Reset_ds signal, a second pulse on
the internal reset line is generated to a lower level, determined
by the supply Vres_ds. If no Reset_ds pulse is given, the dual
slope technique is not implemented.
Note that Reset is dominant over Reset_ds, which means that
the high voltage level will be applied for reset, if both pulses
occur at the same time.
The external control signals should be capable of driving input
capacitance of about 20 pF.
Digital signals
The digital signals control the readout of the image sensor.
These signals are:
• Sync_y: Starts the readout of the frame or window at the
address defined by the y-address register. This pulse
synchronizes the y-address register: active high. This signal
is at the same time the end of the frame or window and
determines the window width.
• Clock_y: Clock of the y-register. On the rising edge of this
clock, the next line is selected.
• Sync_x: Starts the readout of the selected line at the
address defined by the x-address register. This pulse
synchronizes the x-address register: active high. This signal
is at the same time the end of the line and determines the
window length.
• Address: the x- and y-address is downloaded serial through
this signal.
• Clock_spi: clock of the serial parallel interface. This clock
downloads the address into the SPI register.
Document Number: 38-05711 Rev. *C
• Load_addr: when the SPI register is downloaded with the
desired address, the signal Load_addr signal loads the
x-and y-address into their address register as starting point
of the window of interest.
• Sh_col: control signal of the column readout. Is only used
in sample & hold mode (See timing)
• Norow_sel: Control signal of the column readout. Is only
used in Norow_sel mode (See timing)
• Pre_col: Control signal of the column readout to reduce row
blanking time
• Sel_active: activates the active load on chip for the output
amplifiers. If not used, a passive load can be used or one
can use this signal to put the output stages in standby mode
• Eos_x: end of scan signal: is an output signal, indicating
when the end of the line is reached. Is not generated when
doing windowing
• Eos_y: end of scan signal: is an output signal, indicating
when the end of the frame is reached. Is not generated when
doing windowing.
All digital signals are buffered and filtered on chip to remove
spikes and to achieve the required on chip driving speed. The
applied digital signals should be capable of driving 20 pF input
capacitance.
Test signals
Some test signals are required to evaluate the optical performance of the image sensor. Other test signals allow us to test
internal modules in the image sensor and some test signals
will give us information concerning temperature and influence
of the temperature on the black level.
Evaluation on the optical performance (Spectral response, fill
factor)
• Array_diode
• Full_diode
Evaluation of the output stages:
• Black
• Dc_black
Evaluation of the x and y -shift registers:
• Eos_x
• Eos_y
Indication of the temperature and influence on the black level:
• Temp_diode_n
• Temp_diode_p
Page 15 of 32
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LUPA-1300
Timing
Timing of the pixel array
The timing of the image sensor can be divided in two major
parts. The first part of the timing is related with the timing of
the pixel array. This implies the control of the integration time,
the synchronous shutter operation, and the sampling of the
pixel information onto the memory element inside each pixel.
The signals needed for this control are described earlier and
Figure 12 shows the timing of the internal signals. Figure 13
should make the timing of the external signals clear.
Figure 13. Timing of the pixel array. All external signals are digital signals between 0 and 5V. The Reset_ds is only required
in case dual slope is desired
Table 10. Typical timings of the pixel array
Symbol
Name
Value
a
Mem_HL
> 5 µsec
b
MEM_HL -Precharge
> 200 nsec
c
Precharge
> 500 nsec
d
Sample
> 3.9 µsec
e
Precharge-Sample
> 400 nsec
f
Integration time
> 2 µsec
The timing of the pixel array is straightforward. Before the
frame is read, the information on the photodiode needs to be
stored onto the memory element inside the pixels. This is done
by means of the signals Vmemory, Precharge and Sample.
Precharge sets the memory element to a reference level and
Sample stores the photodiode information onto the memory
element. Vmemory pumps up this value to reduce the loss of
signal in the pixel and this signal must be the envelop of
Precharge and Sample. After Vmemory is high again, the
readout of the pixel array can start. The frame blanking time or
frame overhead time is thus the time that Vmemory is low,
which is about 5 sec. Once the readout starts, the photodiodes
can all be initialised by reset for the next integration time. The
duration of the reset pulse indicates the integration time for the
next frame. The longer this duration, the shorter the integration
time becomes. Maximum integration time is thus the time it
takes to readout the frame, minus the minimum pulse for reset,
which is preferred not to be less than 10 sec. The minimal
integration time is the minimal time between the falling edge
of reset and the rising edge of sample. Keeping the slow fall
Document Number: 38-05711 Rev. *C
times of the corresponding internal generated signals, a
minimal integration time is about 2 sec. An additional reset
pulse can be given during integration by Reset_ds to
implement the double slope integration mode.
Readout of the pixel array
Once the photodiode information is stored into the memory
element in each pixel, the total pixel array of 1280 * 1024
needs to be readout in less than 2 msec (2 msec - frame
overhead time = 1995 µsec). Additionally, it is possible that
only a part of the whole frame is read out. This is controlled by
the starting address that has to be downloaded and from the
end address, which is controlled by the synchronisation pulses
in x- and y direction. The readout itself is straightforward. Line
by line is selected by means of a sync-pulse and by means of
a Clock_y signal. Once a new line selected, it takes a while
(row blanking time) before the information of that line is stable.
After this row blanking time the data is multiplexed in blocks of
16 to the output amplifiers. A sync-pulse and a clock pulse in
the x-direction do this multiplexing.
Page 16 of 32
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LUPA-1300
Figure 14 shows the y-address timing. The top curves are the
selection signals of the pixels, which are sequentially active,
starting by the sync pulse. The next line is selected on the
rising edge of Clock_y. It is important that the Sync_y pulse
covers 1 rising edge of the Clock_y signal. Otherwise the
synchronization will not work properly.
Figure 14. Timing of the y shift register
The first selected line after a Sync_y pulse is the line defined
by the y-address in the y-address register. Every select line is
in principle 1 clock period long, except for the first select line.
The first select line goes high as soon as a Sync_y pulse
occurs together with a rising edge of Clock_y. On the next
rising edge of Clock_y, the next row is selected, unless Sync_y
is still active. In Figure 15, a short Sync_y pulse makes sure
that the first row is selected during 1 period of Clock_y.
Once a line is selected, it needs to stabilize first of all, which is
called the row blanking time, and secondly the pixels need to
be read out. Figure 15 shows the principle.
Figure 15. Readout time of a line is the sum of the row blanking time and on the line readout time.
Symbol
Name
Value
a
Sync_Y
> 100 nsec
b
Sync_Y-Clock_Y
> 50 nsec
c
Clock_Y-Sync_Y
> 50 nsec
d
Sync_X -Clock_X
> 50 ns
Notes
13. The applied Clock_x, is filtered on chip to remove spikes. This is especially required at these high speeds. This filtering results in an on chip Clock_x that is
delayed in time with about 10 nsec. In other words, the data at the output has, with respect to the external Clock_x, a propagation delay of 20 nsec. This 20 nsec
come from 10 nsec of the generation of the internal Clock_x and 10 nsec due to other on chip generated signals.
14. The analog signal will come out of the sensor with a 60/40 duty cycle. Therefore it is very important to have a very flexible ADC clock phase. This is necessary
to fine-tune the ADC to sample the analog signal at the correct moment.
Document Number: 38-05711 Rev. *C
Page 17 of 32
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LUPA-1300
Once the information of the selected line is stable the
addressing of the pixels can start. This is done by means of a
Sync_x and a Clock_x pulse in the same way as the
Y-addressing. The Sync_x pulse downloads the address in the
address register into the shift register and connects the first
block of 16 columns to the 16 outputs.
This row overhead time is a loss in time, which should be
reduced as much as possible.
In fact on chip is a 32-output bus instead of 16, but on the rising
edge of Clock_x the first 16 columns of the bus are connected
to the output stages. On the falling edge of Clock_x, the last
16 columns of the selected bus are connected to the output
stages.
By means of Sh_col the analog data is tracked during the first
200 nsec during the selection of a new set of lines. After 200
nsec, the analog data is stored. The ROT is in this case
reduced to 200 nsec, but as the internal data was not stable
yet dynamic range is lost because not the complete analog
levels are reached yet after 200ns.
The timing of the x-shift register is comparable with the timing
of the y-shift register, only that the timing is much faster. Again
the synchronization pulse must be high on the rising edge of
Clock_x.
Reduced Row Overhead Time timing
Reduced timing
A straightforward way of reducing the R.O.T is by using a
sample and hold function.
Figure 16 shows this principle. Sh_col is now a pulse of
100ns-200ns starting 25 ns after Norowsel. The duration of
Sh_col is equal to the ROT. The shorter this time the shorter
the ROT will be however this lowers also the dynamic range.
The row overhead time is the time between the selection of
lines that one has to wait to get the data stable at the column
amplifiers.
Figure 16. Reduced standard ROT by means of Sh_col signal. pre_col (short pulse), Norowsel (short pulse) and Sh_col
(large pulse).
Document Number: 38-05711 Rev. *C
Page 18 of 32
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LUPA-1300
Standard timing (ROT = 200 ns
Figure 17. Only pre_col and Norowsel control signals are required. SH_col is made active low.)
In this case the control signals Norowsel and pre_col are made
active for about 50 nsec from the moment the next line is
selected. The time these pulses have to be active is related
with the biasing resistance Pre_load. The lower this resistance, the shorter the pulse duration of Norowsel and pre_col
may be. After these pulses are given, one has to wait for 180
nsec before the first pixels can be sampled. For this mode
Sh_col must be made active low.
Timing of the Serial Parallel Interface (SPI)
The serial parallel interface is used to upload the x- and
y-address into the x- and y-address registers. This address is
the starting point of the window of interest and is uploaded in
the shift register by means of the corresponding synchronization pulse.
The elementary unit cell of the serial to parallel interface is
shown in Figure 18. 16 of these cells are connected in parallel,
having a common Load_addr and Clock_spi form the entire
uploadable address block. The uploaded addresses are
applied to the sensor on the rising edge of signal Load_addr.
Figure 18. Schematic of the SPI interface
16 outputs to sensor : 6 x-address
bits and 10 y-address bits
To address registers
D
Load_address
Q
Address
Clock_spi
C
E ntire uploadable addres s block
Load_addr
Address_in
Clock_spi
D
Q
C
Unity C ell
Address_out
Clock_spi
address
Load_addr
The SPI clock can have a frequency of 20 MHz and the data
is loaded into the register at the rising edge. The load_addr
Document Number: 38-05711 Rev. *C
A1
A2
A3
A16
command
applied to
sensor
pulse should go high together or after the last falling edge of
the SPI_clock (see Figure 18).
Page 19 of 32
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LUPA-1300
The Y-address has to be applied first and the X-address last.
With respect to the timing in Figure 18, A1 corresponds with
the least significant bit of the Y-address (Y0) and A16 corresponds with the most significant bit of the X-address (X5). The
Y-address is a 10 bit and the X-address is a 6-bit address
register.
If the X-address register is 6-bit wide this means that 64 values
can be uploaded in this register. The X-start position however
can only be adjusted with steps of 32 so only the 40 LSB's are
accepted by the internal decoder (32 x 40=1280). The
Y-address register is 10 bit wide (1024 values), so the Y-start
address can be adjusted on a line by line basis.
Document Number: 38-05711 Rev. *C
Start-up
When starting the sensor the following sequence should be
followed:
1. Apply all power supplies.
2. Upload SPI register.
3. Start driving/clocking of the sensor.
One should make sure that the power supplies are completely
stable before the SPI is uploaded and the driving of the sensor
can start.
Page 20 of 32
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LUPA-1300
Pin configuration
The LUPA-1300 sensor will be packed in a PGA package with
145 pins. Each bond pad consists of 2 pad openings, one for
wafer probing and one for bonding. Table 11 gives an overview
of the pin names and their functionality.
Table 11. Pin description of the assembled LUPA-1300 sensor in the PGA 144 package
Pin
fp
Name
B3
1
n.c.
C3
2
n.c.
Function
Description
Not connected
D3
3
Voo
Supply 5V
Supply voltage output stages: 5V
A2
4
Gnd
Ground
Ground of the sensor
B2
5
Out1
Analog out
Output 1
E3
6
Voo
Supply 5V
Supply voltage output stages: 5V
C2
7
Out2
Analog out
Output 2
D2
8
Gnd
Ground
Ground of the sensor
E2
9
Out3
Analog out
Output 3
A1
10
Voo
Supply 5V
Supply voltage output stages: 5V
F3
11
Out4
Analog out
Output 4
F2
12
Gnd
Ground
Ground of the sensor
B1
13
Out5
Analog out
Output 5
C1
14
Voo
Supply 5V
Supply voltage output stages: 5V
D1
15
Out6
Analog out
Output 6
G3
16
Gnd
Ground
Ground of the sensor
E1
17
Out7
Analog out
Output 7
G2
18
Voo
Supply 5V
Supply voltage output stages: 5V
F1
19
Out8
Analog out
Output 8
G1
20
Gnd
Ground
Ground of the sensor
H3
21
Out9
Analog out
Output 9
H2
22
Voo
Supply 5V
Supply voltage output stages: 5V
H1
23
Out10
Analog out
Output 10
J1
24
Gnd
Ground
Ground of the sensor
J2
25
Out11
Analog out
Output 11
J3
26
Voo
Supply 5V
Supply voltage output stages: 5V
K1
27
Out12
Analog out
Output 12
K2
28
Gnd
Ground
Ground of the sensor
L1
29
Out13
Analog out
Output 13
K3
30
Voo
Supply 5V
Supply voltage output stages: 5V
L2
31
Out14
Analog out
Output 14
M1
32
Gnd
Ground
Ground of the sensor
N1
33
Out15
Analog out
Output 15
L3
34
Voo
Supply 5V
Supply voltage output stages: 5V
M2
35
Out16
Analog out
Output 16
P1
36
Gnd
Ground
Ground of the sensor
N2
37
Voo
Supply 5V
Supply voltage output stages: 5V
M3
38
n.c.
P2
39
n.c.
Document Number: 38-05711 Rev. *C
Page 21 of 32
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LUPA-1300
Table 11. Pin description of the assembled LUPA-1300 sensor in the PGA 144 package (continued)
Pin
fp
Name
Function
Description
N3
40
Gnd
Ground
Ground of the sensor
N4
41
Voo
Supply 5V
Supply voltage output stages: 5V
N5
42
Vstable
Supply 5V
Supply voltage to stabilize output stages: 5.5V
P3
43
Load_out
Biasing
Analog bias for output amplifiers 27 KΩ to Voo and
capacitor of 100 nF to ground
P5
44
Dc_black
Testpin 6
dc-black signal required to characterize the output
stages
P4
45
Vdd
Supply 5V
Supply voltage digital modules: 5V
Q1
46
Gnd
Ground
Ground of the sensor
N6
47
Vdda
Supply 5V
Supply voltage analog modules: 5V
P6
48
Gnd
Ground
Ground of the sensor
Q2
49
Vpix
Supply 4.5V
Supply voltage pixel array: 4.5V
Q3
50
Eos_x
Digital I/O
End of scan signal of the x-register: active high pulse
indicates the end of the shift register is reached
Q4
51
Nsf_load
Biasing
Analog bias for column stages: 100 KΩ to Vdda and
capacitor of 100nF to ground
N7
52
Psf_load
Biasing
Analog bias for column stages: 240 KΩ to gnd and
capacitor of 100 nF to Vdda
P7
53
Col_load
Biasing
Analog bias for column stages: 2 MΩ to Vdda and
capacitor of 100 nF to ground
Q5
54
Pre_load
Biasing
Analog bias for column stages: 10 KΩ to Vdda and
capacitor of 100 nF to ground
Q6
55
n.c.
Q7
56
Array_diode
Testpin 3
Array of pixels as designed in pixel array
N8
57
Full_diode
Testpin 4
Full diode with same array as array diode: 140 * 70 µm2
P8
58
Temp_diode_p
Testpin 1
Temperature diode p side
Testpin 2
Temperature diode n side
Q8
59
Temp_diode_n
Q9
60
n.c.
P9
61
n.c.
N9
62
n.c.
Q10
63
n.c.
Q11
64
n.c.
Q12
65
n.c.
P10
66
n.c.
N10
67
n.c.
Q13
68
n.c.
P11
69
Vpix
Supply 4.5V
Supply voltage pixel array: 4.5V
P12
70
Gnd
Ground
Ground of the sensor
N11
71
Vddr
Supply 5V
Supply voltage of the logic for the drivers: 5V
N12
72
n.c.
P13
73
Vmem_l
Supply
Voltage supply for Vmemory drivers: 3V- 5V (typ: 4.5V)
N13
74
Vmem_h
Supply
Voltage supply for Vmemory drivers: 4V- 6V (typ. 6V)
M13
75
Vres_ds
Supply
Voltage supply for reset double sloped drivers: 4V - 5V
Q14
76
Vres
Supply
Voltage supply for reset drivers: 5V - 6V (typ 6V)
P14
77
Gnd_res
Ground_ab
Ground anti-blooming: 0 - 1V
Document Number: 38-05711 Rev. *C
Page 22 of 32
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LUPA-1300
Table 11. Pin description of the assembled LUPA-1300 sensor in the PGA 144 package (continued)
Pin
fp
Name
L13
78
n.c.
N14
79
n.c.
M14
80
n.c.
L14
81
n.c.
Q15
82
n.c.
K13
83
n.c.
K14
84
n.c.
P15
85
n.c.
N15
86
n.c.
M15
87
n.c.
J13
88
n.c.
L15
89
n.c.
J14
90
n.c.
K15
91
n.c.
J15
92
n.c.
H13
93
n.c.
Function
Description
H14
94
Gnd
Ground
Ground for temperature module
H15
95
Temp
Testpin 5
Dark level signal as function of temperature (Figure 7)
G15
96
Vdd
Supply
Supply voltage temperature module: 5V (has to be
tunable to adjust output of temperature module to analog
output)
G14
97
n.c.
G13
98
n.c.
F15
99
n.c.
Double slope reset of the pixels: active high pulse
F14
100
n.c.
E15
101
Reset_ds
Digital I/O
F13
102
Reset
Digital I/O
Reset signal of the pixels: active high pulse
E14
103
Mem_hl
Digital I/O
Control of Vmemory signal: 5V: Vmem_h, 0V: Vmem_l
D15
104
Sample
Digital I/O
Samples the photodiode voltage onto the memory cell
inside each pixel: active high pulse
C15
105
Precharge
Digital I/O
Precharge the memory cell inside the pixel: active high
pulse
E13
106
Eos_y
Digital I/O
End of scan signal of the y-register: active high pulse
indicates the end of the shift register is reached
D14
107
Gnd_Res
Ground_ab
Ground for the reset drivers. Can be used as
anti-blooming by applying 1V instead of 0V
B15
108
Vres
Supply
Voltage supply for reset drivers: 5V - 6V (typ: 6V)
C14
109
Vres_ds
Supply
Voltage supply for reset double sloped drivers: 4V - 5V
D13
110
Vmem_h
Supply
Voltage supply for Vmemory drivers: 5V- 6V (typ: 6V)
B14
111
Vmem_l
Supply
Voltage supply for Vmemory drivers: 3V- 5V (typ: 4.5V)
C13
112
Vddr
Supply 5V
Supply voltage of the logic for the drivers: 5V
C12
113
Vpix
Supply 4.5V
Supply voltage pixel array: 4.5V
C11
114
Vdd
Supply 5V
Supply voltage digital modules: 5V
B13
115
Gnd
Ground
Ground of the sensor
Document Number: 38-05711 Rev. *C
Page 23 of 32
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LUPA-1300
Table 11. Pin description of the assembled LUPA-1300 sensor in the PGA 144 package (continued)
Pin
fp
Name
B11
116
n.c.
B12
117
n.c.
A15
118
n.c.
C10
119
n.c.
B10
120
n.c.
A14
121
n.c.
A13
122
n.c.
A12
123
n.c.
Function
Description
C9
124
n.c.
B9
125
n.c.
A11
126
Load_addr
Digital I/O
Loads the address into the serial parallel interface (SPI)
A10
127
Address
Digital I/O
Serial address to be downloaded into the SPI
A9
128
Clock_spi
Digital I/O
Clock for the SPI
C8
129
Decy_load
Digital I/O
Bias for y address register: 27KΩ to ground and
capacitor of 100 nF to Vdd
B8
130
Sync_y
Digital I/O
Synchronisation of y-address register: active high
A8
131
Clock_y
Digital I/O
Clock of y-address register
A7
132
Norow_sel
Digital I/O
Control signal for Norow_sel mode to reduce row
blanking time: active low
B7
133
Sh_col
Digital I/O
Control signal for Sh_col mode to reduce row blanking
time: active low (baseline method): active low
C7
134
Pre_col
Digital I/O
Additional control signal for reducing the row blanking
time
A6
135
Sync_x
Digital I/O
Synchronisation of the x-address register: active high
A5
136
Clock_x
Digital I/O
Clock of the x-address register
A4
137
Decx_load
Biasing
Bias for x address register: 27 KΩ to ground and
capacitor of 100 nF to Vdd
B6
138
Black
Digital I/O
Controls black test function of the output stages: active
high, connect to ground if not used
C6
139
Sel_active
Digital I/O
set the output stages active or in standby mode: active
low
A3
140
Vdd
Supply 5V
Supply voltage digital modules: 5V
B5
141
Gnd
Ground
Ground of the sensor
B4
142
Vdda
Supply 5V
Supply voltage analog modules: 5V
C5
143
Gnd
Ground
Ground of the sensor
C4
144
Voo
Voo
Supply voltage output stages: 5V
Document Number: 38-05711 Rev. *C
Page 24 of 32
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A
A'
~
R1
,27
etail C scale4/1
1D,02
0,51
40,01
0,25
B
29,62
23,62
25,62
R1
Document Number: 38-05711 Rev. *C
note1
4x0,5
C
SECTIONA-A'
0,90
Detail B scale4/1
2,54
35,56
Q
P
N
M
L
K
J
H
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
all dimensions inmm
note:
1. dieattacharea shouldbemetallizedand
connectedtopadnumber D4
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
,78
Ø1
R 1,27
40,01
23,5
19,5
17,5
LUPA-1300
Pad positioning and packaging
Package
Figure 19. Package drawing of the LUPA-1300 sensor
0,90
0,20
1,27
4,57
2,80
Page 25 of 32
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LUPA-1300
Package and die
Figure 20. Package drawing with die of the LUPA-1300 sensor
The center of the pixel array is located 200 µm to the right and
51 µm above the center of the package. The first pixel is
Document Number: 38-05711 Rev. *C
located at 9160 µm to the left and 7219 to the bottom from this
center. All distances are with a deviation of 50 µm.
Page 26 of 32
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LUPA-1300
Color filter
The LUPA-1300 can also be processed with a Bayer RGB
color pattern. Pixel (0,0) has a red filter.
An optional color filter can be processed as well.
Figure 21. Color filter arrangement on the pixels.
Glass transmittance
Monochrome
A D263 glass will be used as protection glass lid on top of the
LUPA-1300 monochrome sensors.Figure shows the transmission characteristics of the D263 glass
Figure 22. Transmission characteristics of the D263 glass used as protective cover for the LUPA-1300 sensors
100
Transmission [%]
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
400
500
600
700
800
900
Wavelength [nm ]
Document Number: 38-05711 Rev. *C
Page 27 of 32
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LUPA-1300
Color
For color devices a near infrared attenuating color filter glass
is used. The dominant wavelength is around 490 nm.
Figure 23 shows the transmittance curve for the glass.
A S8612 glass will be used as NIR cut-off filter on top of the
LUPA-1300-C color image sensor. Figure 24 shows the transmission characteristics of the S8612 glass.
Figure 23. Transmission characteristics of the S8612 glass used as NIR cut-off filter.
Handling and Storage precautions
Manual Soldering:
Handling precautions
When a soldering iron is used the following conditions should
be observed:
• Use a soldering iron with temperature control at the tip.
• The soldering iron tip temperature should not exceed
350°C.
• The soldering period for each pin should be less than 5
seconds.
Special care should be given when soldering image sensors
with color filter arrays (RGB color filters), onto a circuit board,
since color filters are sensitive to high temperatures.
Prolonged heating at elevated temperatures may result in
deterioration of the performance of the sensor. The following
recommendations are made to ensure that sensor performance is not compromised during end-users' assembly
processes.
Board Assembly:
Device placement onto boards should be done in accordance
with strict ESD controls for Class 0, JESD22 Human Body
Model, and Class A, JESD22 Machine Model devices.
Assembly operators should always wear all designated and
approved grounding equipment; grounded wrist straps at ESD
protected workstations are recommended including the use of
ionized blowers. All tools should be ESD protected.
Document Number: 38-05711 Rev. *C
Precautions and cleaning:
Avoid spilling solder flux on the cover glass; bare glass and
particularly glass with antireflection filters may be adversely
affected by the flux. Avoid mechanical or particulate damage
to the cover glass.
It is recommended that isopropyl alcohol (IPA) be used as a
solvent for cleaning the image sensor glass lid. When using
other solvents, it should be confirmed beforehand whether the
solvent will dissolve the package and/or the glass lid or not.
Page 28 of 32
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LUPA-1300
Storage conditions
Description
Minimum
Maximum
Units
Conditions
Temperature
–10
66
°C
@ 15% RH
Temperature
–10
38
°C
@ 86% RH
Ordering Information
FillFactory Part Number
Cypress Semiconductor Part Number
LUPA-1300-C
CYIL1SC1300AA-GAC
LUPA-1300-M
CYIL1SM1300AA-GBC
Disclaimer
FillFactory image sensors are only warranted to meet the
specifications as described in the data sheet. Specifications
are subject to change without notice.
Note
15. RH = Relative Humidity
Document Number: 38-05711 Rev. *C
Page 29 of 32
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LUPA-1300
Application notes & FAQ
Q: Can the LUPA-1300 directly drive an ADC?
A: Yes, coupling the LUPA-1300 to a set of 16 ADC's close to the chip is the preferred way of operation. A suitable ADC must
have thus
• Input range equal or larger than the 1.2 V- 0 V sensor signal swing
• In view of the LUPA-1300's S/N 10 bits are suitable. 11 or 12 bits may be considered too.
• Input capacitance 20 pF or lower (high output loads will limit the speed). And no significant resistive loading.
• Sampling frequency 40 MHz (or the application specific sample rate)
• The ADC's input bandwidth must be sufficiently higher than the sampling frequency, in order to avoid RC contamination between
successive pixels.
Q: How does the dual slope extended dynamic range mode works?
A:
Figure 24. Dual slope diagram
Reset
Read
Double slope reset
Reset level 1
p1
Reset level 2
p2
p3
p4
Saturation level
Double slope reset time (usually 5-10% of the total
integration time)
Total integration time
The green lines are the analog signal on the photodiode, which decrease as a result of exposure. The slope is determined by the
amount of light at each pixel (the more light the steeper the slope). When the pixels reach the saturation level the analog signal
will not change despite further exposure. As you can see without any double slope pulse pixels p3 and p4 will reach saturation
before the sample moment of the analog values, no signal will be acquired without double slope. When double slope is enabled
a second reset pulse will be given (blue line) at a certain time before the end of the integration time. This double slope reset pulse
resets the analog signal of the pixels BELOW this level to the reset level. After the reset the analog signal starts to decrease with
the same slope as before the double slope reset pulse. If the double slope reset pulse is placed at the end of the integration time
(90% for instance) the analog signal that would have reach the saturation levels aren't saturated anymore (this increases the
optical dynamic range) at read out. It's important to notice that pixel signals above the double slope reset level will not be
influenced by this double slope reset pulse (p1 and p2).
Please look at our website to find some
http://www.fillfactory.be/htm/technology/htm/dual-slope.htm
Document Number: 38-05711 Rev. *C
pictures
taken
with
the
double
slope
mode
on:
Page 30 of 32
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LUPA-1300
APPENDIX A: LUPA-1300 Evaluation kit
For evaluating purposes a LUPA-1300 evaluation kit is
available.
The LUPA-1300 evaluation kit consists of a multifunctional
digital board (memory, sequencer and IEEE 1394 Fire Wire
interface), an ADC-board and an analog image sensor board.
Visual Basic software (under Win 2000 or XP) allows the
grabbing and display of images and movies from the sensor.
All acquired images and movies can be stored in different file
formats (8 or 16-bit). All setting can be adjusted on the fly to
evaluate the sensors specs. Default register values can be
loaded to start the software in a desired state.
Please contact Fillfactory ([email protected]) if you want
any more information on the evaluation kit.
All products and company names mentioned in this document may be the trademarks of their respective holders.
Document Number: 38-05711 Rev. *C
Page 31 of 32
© Cypress Semiconductor Corporation, 2006. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. Cypress Semiconductor Corporation assumes no responsibility for the use
of any circuitry other than circuitry embodied in a Cypress product. Nor does it convey or imply any license under patent or other rights. Cypress products are not warranted nor intended to be
used for medical, life support, life saving, critical control or safety applications, unless pursuant to an express written agreement with Cypress. Furthermore, Cypress does not authorize its
products for use as critical components in life-support systems where a malfunction or failure may reasonably be expected to result in significant injury to the user. The inclusion of Cypress
products in life-support systems application implies that the manufacturer assumes all risk of such use and in doing so indemnifies Cypress against all charges. All products and company names
mentioned in this document may be trademarks of their respective holders.
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LUPA-1300
Document History Page
Document Title: LUPA-1300 1.3MPxl High Speed CMOS Image Sensor
Document Number: 38-05711
REV.
ECN.
Issue Date
Orig. of
Change
**
310396
See ECN
SIL
*A
370756
See ECN
FPW
Description of Change
Initial Cypress release
Additional timing specifications and removal of inconsistencies throughout the
data sheet
*B
497127
See ECN
QGS
Converted to Frame file
*C
649105
See ECN
FPW
Updated ordering information
Document Number: 38-05711 Rev. *C
Page 32 of 32
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