B GS 15A N 16 Per for man ce of S P5 T A nten na S witc h WC D MA Di ve rs it y Applic atio ns Applic atio n N ote A N 230 Revision: Rev. 1.0 2011-02-15 RF and P r otecti on D evic es Edition 2011-06-09 Published by Infineon Technologies AG 81726 Munich, Germany © 2011 Infineon Technologies AG All Rights Reserved. LEGAL DISCLAIMER THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN THIS APPLICATION NOTE IS GIVEN AS A HINT FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT ONLY AND SHALL NOT BE REGARDED AS ANY DESCRIPTION OR WARRANTY OF A CERTAIN FUNCTIONALITY, CONDITION OR QUALITY OF THE INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT. THE RECIPIENT OF THIS APPLICATION NOTE MUST VERIFY ANY FUNCTION DESCRIBED HEREIN IN THE REAL APPLICATION. INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES HEREBY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES AND LIABILITIES OF ANY KIND (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF NON-INFRINGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF ANY THIRD PARTY) WITH RESPECT TO ANY AND ALL INFORMATION GIVEN IN THIS APPLICATION NOTE. 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BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications Application Note AN230 Revision History: 2011-02-15 Previous Revision: prev. 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Last Trademarks Update 2009 10 19 Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 3 / 22 2011-02-15 BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications List of Content, Figures and Tables Table of Content 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 5 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 BGS15AN16 Features ........................................................................................................................ 6 Main Features ...................................................................................................................................... 6 Functional Diagram .............................................................................................................................. 6 Pin Configuration .................................................................................................................................. 7 Pin Description ..................................................................................................................................... 7 3 3.1 3.2 Application .......................................................................................................................................... 8 Application Example ............................................................................................................................. 8 Application Board ................................................................................................................................. 8 4 4.1 Small Signal Characteristics ........................................................................................................... 10 Measurement Results ........................................................................................................................ 10 5 Intermodulation ................................................................................................................................ 14 6 Harmonic Generation ....................................................................................................................... 16 7 Power Compression Measurements on All RF Paths .................................................................. 18 Appendix: Switch Controller Unit ...................................................................................................................... 19 Author ............................................................................................................................................................ 21 List of Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 BGS15AN16 Functional Diagram ........................................................................................................ 6 Pin configuration................................................................................................................................... 7 Application multiband transceiver with antenna diversity switch ......................................................... 8 Circuit diagram of BGS15AN16 application board ............................................................................... 9 Layout of the application board ............................................................................................................ 9 PCB layer information ........................................................................................................................ 10 Forward transmission curves for all RF parts .................................................................................... 11 Return loss for all RF path ................................................................................................................. 11 Block diagram of RF Switch intermodulation ..................................................................................... 14 Test set-up for IMD Measurements.................................................................................................... 15 IMD2 and IMD3 results for Band I ...................................................................................................... 15 Set-up for harmonics measurement ................................................................................................... 16 nd 2 harmonic at fc=830 MHz ............................................................................................................... 17 rd 3 harmonic at fc=830 MHz ................................................................................................................ 17 Power Compression Measurement Results at fc=830 MHz ............................................................... 18 Switch Controller Unit Board .............................................................................................................. 19 List of Tables Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 Pin Description (top view) .................................................................................................................... 7 BGS15 Antenna to Port Isolation (in dB) ........................................................................................... 12 BGS15 Port to Port Isolation (in dB) .................................................................................................. 13 Test Conditions and specifications of IMD Measurements ................................................................ 14 Seeting Display of Active RF Path ..................................................................................................... 20 Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 4 / 22 2011-02-15 BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications Introduction 1 Introduction The BGS15AN16 is a generic SP5T RF CMOS switch for applications in the frequency range from 0.1 to 3GHz with standard GPIO control. It typically is used in mobile cellular devices for WCDMA and GSM/ EDGE receivediversity as described in this application note. Any of the 5 ports can be used as termination of the diversity antenna handling up to 30 dBm. This SP5T offers low insertion loss and high robustness against interferer signals at the antenna port and low harmonic generation in termination mode. An integrated LDO allows to connect Vdd directly to battery, hence no regulated supply voltage is required. A power down mode is implemented to avoid current drain when the device is not in use. The on-chip GPIO controller integrates CMOS logic and level shifters, driven by control inputs from 1.5 V to Vdd. Unlike GaAs technology, external DC blocking capacitors at the RF Ports are only required if DC voltage is applied externally. The BGS15AN16 RF Switch is manufactured in Infineon’s patented MOS technology, offering the performance of GaAs with the economy and integration of conventional CMOS including the inherent higher ESD robustness. The device has a very small size of only 2.3 x 2.3 mm² and a maximum height of 0.77 mm. Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 5 / 22 2011-02-15 BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications BGS15AN16 Features 2 BGS15AN16 Features 2.1 Main Features • 5 high-linearity Rx ports with power handling capability of up to 30 dBm • All ports fully symmetrical • No external decoupling components required • High ESD robustness up to 8kV according IEC-61000-4-2 with external coil. • Low harmonic generation • Low insertion loss • High port-to-port-isolation • 0.1 to 3.0 GHz coverage • Direct connect to battery • Power down mode • On-chip control logic supporting logic levels from 1.5 V to Vdd • Lead and halogen free package (RoHS and WEEE compliant) • Small leadless package TSNP16 with the size of 2.3 x 2.3 mm² and a maximum height of 0.77 mm 2.2 Functional Diagram Ant RF1 RF2 RF3 RF4 RF5 Decoder +ESD GND Vdd Ctrl A Ctrl B Ctrl C BGS15A_Functional_Diagramm.vsd Figure 1 BGS15AN16 Functional Diagram Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 6 / 22 2011-02-15 BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications BGS15AN16 Features 2.3 Pin Configuration V2 ANT 13 DGND V3 VDD In Figure 2 the pin configuration in top view is given. 12 11 10 8 RX1 V1 15 7 GND GND 16 6 RX2 RX5 1 5 GND 2 3 4 RX3 14 GND GND RX4 9 BGS15A_Pinout.vsd Figure 2 Pin configuration 2.4 Pin Description Table 1 Pin Description (top view) Pin NO Name Pin Type 1 RX5 RX5 Rx RF port 5 2 RX4 I/O RX RF port 4 3 GND GND 4 RX3 I/O 5 GND GND 6 RX2 I/O 7 GND GND 8 RX1 I/O 9 GND GND 10 ANT I/O 11 DGND GND Ground 12 VDD PWR Vdd supply 13 V3 I Control pin3 14 V2 I Control pin2 Control pin1 15 V1 I 16 GND GND Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 7 / 22 Function Ground Rx RF port 3 Ground Rx RF port 2 Ground Rx RF port 1 Ground Antenna port Ground 2011-02-15 BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications Application 3 Application 3.1 Application Example In Figure 3 one possible application for the BGS15AN16 is shown. The BGS15AN16 is used as a diversity switch in combination with a multiband UMTS transceiver. diversity antenna UMTS I Rx UMTS II Rx UMTS IV Rx BGS15A UMTS VIII Rx 47 Multimode RF-Transceiver 1st Rx-path 1st antenna Tx-path 4-band UMTS transceiver with antenna diversity switch Figure 3 Application multiband transceiver with antenna diversity switch 3.2 Application Board In figure 4 the circuit diagram of the BGS15AN16 is shown. Only one inductor at the antenna input is required. For ESD protection, and matching a 27nH SMD inductor is placed at the antenna port. Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 8 / 22 2011-02-15 BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications V2 V1 GND 10 9 8 14 BGS15AN16 (top view) 15 7 6 16 1 2 RX4 RX5 11 3 4 5 GND 27nH RX1 GND RX2 GND RX3 To SPI controller 12 13 GND V3 ANT VDD VDD DGND Application BGS15A_Applic.vsd Figure 4 Circuit diagram of BGS15AN16 application board Below is a picture of the evaluation board used for the measurements (Figure 5). The board is designed in the way that all connecting 50 Ohm lines have the same length. To get correct values for the insertion loss of the BGS15AN16 all influences and losses of the evaluation board, lines and connectors have to be eliminated. Therefore a separate de-embedding board, representing the line length is necessary. The calibration of the network analyser (NWA) is done in severall steps: - Perform full calibration the on all NWA ports. - Attach empty SMA connector at port 2 and perform “open” port extension. Turn port extensions on. - Connect the “half” de-embedding board (figure 6 left board) between port1 and port2, store this as a s-parameter (sp2) file. - Turn all port extention off. - Load the stored s-parameter file as de-embedding on all used NWA ports - Switch port extention on - Check insertion loss with the de-embedding through board (figure 6 right board) Figure 5 Layout of the application board Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 9 / 22 2011-02-15 BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications Small Signal Characteristics Figure 6 Layout of de-embedding boards The construction of the PCB is shown in Figure 7. Vias Rodgers , 0.2mm Copper 35µm FR4, 0.8mm Figure 7 PCB layer information 4 Small Signal Characteristics The small signal characteristics are measured at 25 °C with a Network analyzer connected to an automatic multiport switch box. 4.1 Measurement Results In the following tables and graphs the most important RF parameter of the BGS15AN16 are shown. The markers are set to the most important frequencies of the WDCDMA system. Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 10 / 22 2011-02-15 BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications Small Signal Characteristics RX1 RX2 RX3 RX4 RX5 Forward Transmission Rx Ports_2 0 1710 MHz -0.4521 dB -5 [dB] 824 MHz 915 MHz -0.4043 dB -0.3923 dB 2170 MHz -0.5589 dB 1910 MHz -0.4854 dB -10 -15 -20 300 Figure 8 1300 2300 3300 4300 5300 Frequency (MHz) 6300 7300 8000 Forward transmission curves for all RF parts RX1 RX2 RX3 RX4 RX5 Reflection ANT- RX Port 0 -10 [dB] -20 824 MHz -23.16 dB 2170 MHz -14.98 dB -30 -40 -50 300 Figure 9 3300 Frequency (MHz) 6300 8500 Return loss for all RF path Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 11 / 22 2011-02-15 BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications Small Signal Characteristics In Table 2 the isolation values antenna to the different RF ports are given. Table 2 BGS15 antenna to port isolation (in dB) Freq (MHz) Rx1 Rx2 Rx3 Rx4 TM5 Ant > RX1 An t> Rx2 Ant > Rx3 Ant > Rx4 Ant > TM5 824 41.4 42.2 43.5 43.6 915 40.4 41 42.5 42.5 1710 34.2 32.7 35.3 35.2 1970 32.9 31 33.7 33.7 2170 31.5 29 31.9 32 824 40.3 36.3 42.6 44.1 915 39.8 35.2 41.5 43 1710 32 28 34.5 35.6 1970 30.3 26.6 33 34.1 2170 28.7 25.3 31.5 32.6 824 42.3 49.8 40.3 46 915 41.2 48.5 39.2 44.8 1710 33 38.5 32.3 36.7 1970 31.2 36.4 30.8 35.1 2170 29.6 34 29.4 33.3 824 43.1 50 45.7 42.8 915 42 48.9 44.1 41.7 1710 33.8 41.8 33.7 33.1 1970 31.9 40 31.7 31.2 2170 30.1 37.8 29.5 29.3 824 43.3 49.1 44.9 41.6 915 42.2 48 43.4 40.6 1710 33.6 41 33.8 32.1 1970 31.7 39.2 31.8 30.1 2170 30 37.1 29.7 28.1 Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 12 / 22 2011-02-15 BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications Small Signal Characteristics The values for the port to port isolation are given in Table 3 Table 3 BGS15 port to port isolation (in dB) Freq (MHz) Rx1 Rx2 Rx3 Rx4 TM5 Ant > RX1 Ant > Rx2 Ant > Rx3 Ant > Rx4 Ant > TM5 824 50.2 44.4 44.9 44.3 915 49.1 43 43.7 43.2 1710 44.3 34.9 36.9 36.3 1970 42.7 32.9 35.1 34.5 2170 40.5 30.3 32.9 32.2 824 33.5 49 46.2 43.8 915 32.3 47.6 45 42.6 1710 26.1 37.6 38.3 35.8 1970 24.7 35.2 36.5 34.1 2170 23.2 32.5 34.2 32 824 34.3 36.7 50.3 42 915 33.1 35.5 49.1 40.8 1710 26.8 29.3 41.6 34.2 1970 25.4 27.9 39.3 32.5 2170 23.8 26.2 36.6 30.6 824 41.2 39.6 34.6 33.6 915 40 38.4 33.4 32.4 1710 34 30.6 27.1 26.1 1970 32.6 29 25.7 24.6 2170 30.9 27 24.1 23.1 824 41.7 41.1 33.3 34.7 915 40.5 39.8 32.1 33.5 1710 34.4 32.2 25.7 27.1 1970 33 30.4 24.3 25.7 2170 31.3 28.2 22.5 24.1 Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 13 / 22 2011-02-15 BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications Intermodulation 5 Intermodulation Another very important parameter of a RF switch is the large signal capability. One of the possible intermodulation scenarios is shown in Figure 10Figure 9. The transmission (Tx) signal from the main antenna is coupled into the diversity antenna with with high power.This signal (20 dBm) and a received Jammer signal (-15 dBm) are entering the switch. Coupled Tx Signal from main antenna Jammer (CW) Receiver Diversity Antenna RF Switch IMD Figure 10 Block diagram of RF Switch intermodulation Special combinations of TX and Jammer signal are producing intermodulation products 2 nd and 3rd order, which fall in the RX band and disturb the wanted RX signal. In Table 4 frequencies for 3 bands and the linearity specifications for an undisturbed communication are given. Table 4 Test conditions and specifications of IMD measurements Test Conditions (Tx = +20dBm, Bl = -15dBm,freq.in MHz,@25°C) Band Tx Freq. Rx Freq. IMD2 Low Jammer 1 850 836.5 881.5 45 791.5 1900 1880 1960 80 2100 1950 2140 190 Linearity Specification IMD3 IMD2 High Jammer 2 Jammer 3 IM2 (dBm) IIP2 (dBm) IM3 (dBm) IIP3 (dBm) 1718 -105 110 -105 65 1800 3840 -105 110 -105 65 1760 4090 -105 110 -105 65 The test setup for the IMD measurements has to provide a very high isolation between RX and TX signals. As an example the test set-up and the results for the high band are shown (Figure 11 and Figure 12). For the RX / TX separation a professional duplexer with 80 dB isolation is used. In Figure 12 the results for High band are given. For each distortion scenario there is a min and a max value given. This variation is caused by a phase shifter connected between switch and duplexer. In the test set-up the phase shifter represents a no ideal matching of the switch to 50 Ohm. Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 14 / 22 2011-02-15 BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications Intermodulation Load -20dB -3dB Tx K&L Mini Circuits (ZHL-30W-252 -S+) Signal Generator Power Amplifier Duplexer Tunable Bandpass Filter Circulator DUT ANT Phase Shifter / Delay Line TRx -20dB ANT K&L Tunable Bandpass Filter Signal Generator Rx K& L Signal Analyzer Figure 11 Power reference plane PTx = +20 dBm PBl = -15 dBm -3 dB Tunable Bandpass Filter Test set-up for IMD Measurements IMD Band 1 -100 -105 Rx1 Rx2 Rx3 Rx4 Rx5 -110 190 MHz IMD2 low min IMD [dBm] -115 190 MHz IMD2 low max -120 1760 MHz IMD3 min -125 1760 MHz IMD3 max 4090 MHz IMD2 high min -130 4090 MHz IMD2 high max -135 -140 -145 Figure 12 IMD2 and IMD3 results for Band I Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 15 / 22 2011-02-15 BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications Harmonic Generation 6 Harmonic Generation Harmonic generation is another important parameter for the characterization of a RF switch. RF switches have to deal with high RF levels, up to 33 dBm. With this high RF power at the input of the switch harmonics are generated. This harmonics (2 nd rd and 3 ) can disturb the other reception bands or cause distortion in other RF applications (GPS, WLan) within the mobile phone. Load -20dB Directional Coupler -20dB Signal Generator Power Amplifier Circulator Tunable Bandpass Filter A Power meter Agilent E4419B -3dB B DUT ANT K&L Signal Analyzer Figure 13 -20dB Tunable Bandstop Filter Tx Directional Coupler Set-up for harmonics measurement nd rd The results for the harmonic generation at 830 MHZ are shown in Figure 14 (2 harmonic) and Figure 15 (3 harmonic) for all RF ports. At the x-axis the input power is plotted and at the y- axis the generated harmonics in dBm. Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 16 / 22 2011-02-15 BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications Harmonic Generation PlotCol(1,5) Harmonics RF1 PlotCol(1,5) Harmonics RF2 PlotCol(1,5) Harmonics RF3 PlotCol(1,5) Harmonics RF4 PlotCol(1,5) Harmonics RF5 2nd Harmonics -45 -50 -55 -60 [dBm] -65 -70 -75 -80 -85 -90 20 nd Figure 14 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 Pin [dBm] 27 28 29 30 harmonic at fc=830 MHz PlotCol(1,6) Harmonics RF1 PlotCol(1,6) Harmonics RF2 PlotCol(1,6) Harmonics RF3 PlotCol(1,6) Harmonics RF4 PlotCol(1,6) Harmonics RF5 3rd Harmonics -45 -50 [dBm] -55 -60 -65 -70 -75 -80 22 Figure 15 23 24 25 26 Pin [dBm] 27 28 29 30 rd 3 harmonic at fc=830 MHz Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 17 / 22 2011-02-15 BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications Power Compression Measurements on all RF Paths 7 Power Compression Measurements on all RF Paths To judge the large signal capability the power compression is a usual measurement tool. The input power is increase and at the output the power is measured. At a certain point the output power could not follow the input and the switch compresses the RF signal. In the diagram below (Figure 16) the IL is plotted versus the injected input power. The input power can be increased to 30 dBm and there is no compression visible on none of the RF ports. RF1 RF2 RF3 RF4 RF5 Compression Measurement 1 0.9 Insertion Loss [dBm] 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 20 Figure 16 21 22 23 24 25 26 Pin [dBm] 27 28 29 30 Power Compression Measurement Results at fc=830 MHz The measurements are done on Large Signal measurement setup which is not calibrated for Insertion Loss with high precision. So the values here may differ with the actual IL values earlier in this report. Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 18 / 22 2011-02-15 BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications Appendix: Switch Controller Unit Appendix: Switch Controller Unit The BGS15AN16 is controlled via GPIO interface and Infineon offers a GPIO controller unit to ease the evaluation of its BGS15AN16 on application board. The unit is very simple to use with a few buttons to select the right device and different states. This section helps as a short user guide for the controller unit shown in Figure 17. The controller unit requires a DC supply of 5.5V with a current capability of 50mA. G VG N CN D CD to BGS15AN16 P3 P2 GND GND Vcc LVdd V1 Figure 17 GND GND NC V3 V2 P1 Switch Controller Unit Board Please observe the following steps to use the controller unit: 1. Step1: Attach the power supply and “OK” appears on the display. 2. Step2: Set the control mode: a. Press and hold “P1” and “P3” simultaneously until “15” appears on the display b. “P2” can be used to set the Vdd to the switch between 1.8V, 3.5V (default) and 4.0V c. To use 4V, please connect to 6V power supply instead of 5.5V d. “15” addresses BGS15AN16 device 3. Step3: Connect the control unit to the switch with an appropriate cable according to the connector pin out shown in Figure 17. 4. Step4: Set the switch state to measure using “P1” and “P3”. The active paths corresponding to the state displayed are tabulated in Table 5. Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 19 / 22 2011-02-15 BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications Table 5 Display of Active RF Path Display Active RF Path R1 ANT – Rx1 R2 ANT – Rx2 R3 ANT – Rx3 R4 ANT – Rx4 TM ANT – Rx5 DS Switch Stand-by (Power Down) Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 20 / 22 2011-02-15 BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications Author Author Ralph Kuhn, Senior Staff Application Engineer of the Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices” Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 21 / 22 2011-02-15