A pp li c at io n N o t e, R e v . 1. 2 , N ov e m be r 2 00 7 A p p li c a t i o n N o t e N o . 1 2 7 1 . 8 V U l t r a L o w C o s t LN A f or G P S , P H S , U M T S a n d 2 .4 G H z I S M u s i n g B F P 6 40 F R F & P r o t e c ti o n D e v i c e s Edition 2007-11-28 Published by Infineon Technologies AG 81726 München, Germany © Infineon Technologies AG 2009. All Rights Reserved. LEGAL DISCLAIMER THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN THIS APPLICATION NOTE IS GIVEN AS A HINT FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT ONLY AND SHALL NOT BE REGARDED AS ANY DESCRIPTION OR WARRANTY OF A CERTAIN FUNCTIONALITY, CONDITION OR QUALITY OF THE INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT. THE RECIPIENT OF THIS APPLICATION NOTE MUST VERIFY ANY FUNCTION DESCRIBED HEREIN IN THE REAL APPLICATION. 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Application Note No. 127 Application Note No. 127 Revision History: 2007-11-28, Rev. 1.2 Previous Version: 2005-05-04, Rev. 1.1 Page Subjects (major changes since last revision) All Small changes in figure descriptions Application Note 3 Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28 Application Note No. 127 1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using 1 1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using BFP640F Applications • • • • • Global Positioning System (GPS) “L1” frequency 1575.42 MHz 1900 MHz PHS 2.1 GHz UMTS 2.33 GHz Satellite Radio “SDARS” 2.4 GHz ISM Band, etc. Overview • • Silicon-Germanium HBT BFP640F transistor in TSFP-4 package is shown in modified LNA circuit suitable for 1575 MHz GPS, 1900 MHz PHS & 2.4 GHz ISM band applications, operating from a 1.8 V power supply. This circuit reduces external component count to the absolute minimum. Some performance is sacrificed to achieve reduced component count, e.g. third-order intercept performance. To maintain input impedance match with reduced component count, "trick" was employed: DC blocking capacitor at input (C1) had value increased such that it is used above "self-resonant frequency" (SRF). Doing so makes capacitor show slight net inductive reactance +jX above UHF, rather than capacitor appearing as a straight "short" or a capacitive reactance (-jX). Chip capacitors can be modeled as a series R-L-C with capacitor's self-inductance being on the order of 0.5 nH. By using chip's self-inductance, one can tailor reactance of chip capacitor by selecting the appropriate value of capacitance, and the R-L-C combination can be made to have resonance above frequency of interest (normal case) or below frequency of interest (done here in this "Trick"). Features • • No Chip Inductors / Chip Coils used in this circuit Circuit uses only 3 Capacitors, 3 Resistors for low Component Count and Low Cost Table 1 Summary Frequency MHz Gain dB Noise Figure (NF)* dB IIP3 1575 15.2 0.9 -3.4 1900 13.8 1.0 -1.9 2140 13.0 1.0 -2.7 2450 12.0 1.1 0.0 dBm * Note that PCB loss is not extracted. If PCB loss were extracted, NF would be 0.1 to 0.2 dB lower. Application Note 4 Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28 Application Note No. 127 1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using Cross Sectional Diagram of PC Board 7+,663$&,1*&5,7,&$/ 723/$<(5 LQFKPP ,17(51$/*5281'3/$1( LQFKPP" /$<(5)250(&+$1,&$/5,*,',7<2)3&%7+,&.1(66+(5(127 &5,7,&$/$6/21*$6727$/3&%7+,&.1(66'2(6127(;&((' ,1&+PP63(&,),&$7,21)25727$/3&%7+,&.1(66 ,1&+PPPP %27720/$<(5 $1B3&%YVG Figure 1 PCB - Cross Sectional Diagram Schematic Diagram, with reduced Parts Count Note “0402” case size passives are used. 127(12,1'8&7256$5(86(' IRUUHGXFHGFRVWVSDFHVDYLQJV 9 9 FF - '&&RQQHFWRU 3&% )5HY$ 3&%RDUG0DWHULDO 6WDQGDUG)5 , P$ 5 RKPV & S) 5 . - 5) ,1387 5 RKPV - 4 %)3)6L*H 7UDQVLVWRU 5),1387 287387 & S) & S) 7RWDOFRPSRQHQWFRXQW 1RWHVROLGEODFNUHFWDQJOHVDUH RKPWUDFHVRUWUDFNVRQWKH3ULQWHG &LUFXLW%RDUGWKHVHPDUNVDUH127 6XUIDFH0RXQW&RPSRQHQWV %)3)7UDQVLVWRU ! &KLS&DSDFLWRUV ! &KLS5HVLVWRUV ! $1B6FKHPDWLFYVG Figure 2 Schematic Diagram Application Note 5 Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28 Application Note No. 127 1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using Summary of Data T = 25 °C, network analyzer source power ≈ -30 dBm Table 2 Summary of Data Parameter Result Comments Frequency Range 1.5 - >3 GHz Covers GPD, PHS, UMTS, SDARS, ISM DC Current (VCC = 1.8 V, VCE = 0.8 V) 7.9 mA Power supply voltage measured directly across PCB supply line & ground, to eliminate voltage drop. Gain 15.2 dB @ 1575 MHz 13.8 dB @ 1900 MHz 13.0 dB @ 2140 MHz 12.0 dB @ 2440 MHz Noise Figure 0.9 dB @ 1575 MHz 1.0 dB @ 1900 MHz 1.0 dB @ 2140 MHz 1.1 dB @ 2440 MHz Input P1dB -0.1 dBm @ 1575 MHz -0.2 dBm @ 2440 MH Output P1dB -0.1 dBm @ 1575 MHz +0.2 dBm @ 2440 MH Input 3rd Order Intercept -3.4 dB @ 1575 MHz -1.9 dB @ 1900 MHz -2.7 dB @ 2140 MHz 0.0 dB @ 2440 MHz Output 3rd Order Intercept +11.8 dB @ 1575 MHz +11.9 dB @ 1900 MHz +10.3 dB @ 2140 MHz +12.0 dB @ 2440 MHz Input Return Loss 9.4 dB @ 1575 MHz 10.5 dB @ 1900 MHz 11.1 dB @ 2140 MHz 11.9 dB @ 2440 MHz Output Return Loss 9.3 dB @ 1575 MHz 10.3 dB @ 1900 MHz 10.9 dB @ 2140 MHz 11.7 dB @ 2440 MHz Reverse Isolation 24.6 dB @ 1575 MHz 23.1 dB @ 1900 MHz 22.2 dB @ 2140 MHz 21.2 dB @ 2440 MHz Application Note 6 < 1 dB NF at GPS band PCB loss not extracted, these results are at input SMA connector IP3 could be improved 6 to 10 dB by adding in LF “Trap” at Input, add in 1 inductor, 1 capacitor Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28 Application Note No. 127 1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using Details on TSFP-4 Package (“Thin Small Flat Pack.”). Dimensions in millimeters (mm). 0.2 ±0.05 3 1 1.2 ±0.05 0.2 ±0.05 4 0.55 ±0.04 2 0.2 ±0.05 10˚ MAX. 0.8 ±0.05 1.4 ±0.05 0.15 ±0.05 0.5 ±0.05 0.5 ±0.05 Figure 3 GPX01010 Package Details of TSFP-4 Recommended Soldering Footprint for TSFP-4 (dimensions in millimeters). Device package is to be oriented as shown in above drawing (e.g. orient long package dimension horizontally on this footprint). 0.9 0.45 0.35 0.5 0.5 HLGF1011 Figure 4 Package Footprint of TSFP-4 Application Note 7 Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28 Application Note No. 127 1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using Noise Figure, Plot, 1.5 GHz to 3.0 GHz. Center of Plot (x-axis) is 2.25 GHz. 5RKGH6FKZDU])6(. 0D\ 1RLVH)LJXUH (871DPH 0DQXIDFWXUHU 2SHUDWLQJ&RQGLWLRQV 2SHUDWRU1DPH 7HVW6SHFLILFDWLRQ &RPPHQW %)3)*+]/1$5HGXFHG&RPSRQHQW&RXQW ,QILQHRQ7HFKQRORJLHV 9 9, P$7 & *HUDUG:HYHUV /:56'/1$3 2Q%)3)3&%)5HY$ 0D\ $QDO\]HU 5)$WW 5HI/YO G% G%P 5%: 9%: 0+] +] 5DQJH G% 5HI/YODXWR 21 0RGH 'LUHFW (15 +3$(15 0HDVXUHPHQW QGVWDJHFRUU 21 1RLVH)LJXUHG% 0+] 0+]',9 0+] $1BSORWBQIYVG Figure 5 Noise Figure Application Note 8 Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28 Application Note No. 127 1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using Noise Figure, Tabular Data From Rhode & Schwarz FSEK3 + FSEM30 + System PreAmp Table 3 Noise Figure Frequency Noise Figure 1500 MHz 0.91 dB 1525 MHz 0.88 dB 1550 MHz 0.90 dB 1575 MHz 0.91 dB 1600 MHz 0.89 dB 1625 MHz 0.89 dB 1650 MHz 0.90 dB 1675 MHz 0.88 dB 1700 MHz 0.90 dB 1725 MHz 0.91 dB 1750 MHz 0.97 dB 1775 MHz 0.96 dB 1800 MHz 0.97 dB 1825 MHz 0.96 dB 1850 MHz 0.98 dB 1875 MHz 0.99 dB 1900 MHz 0.99 dB 1925 MHz 1.02 dB 1950 MHz 1.03 dB 1975 MHz 1.04 dB 2000 MHz 1.05 dB 2025 MHz 1.02 dB 2050 MHz 1.04 dB 2075 MHz 1.04 dB 2100 MHz 1.04 dB 2125 MHz 1.03 dB 2150 MHz 1.05 dB 2175 MHz 1.03 dB 2200 MHz 1.03 dB 2225 MHz 1.08 dB 2250 MHz 1.06 dB 2275 MHz 1.06 dB 2300 MHz 1.07 dB 2325 MHz 1.04 dB 2350 MHz 1.05 dB 2375 MHz 1.06 dB 2400 MHz 1.04 dB 2425 MHz 1.05 dB Application Note 9 Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28 Application Note No. 127 1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using Table 3 Noise Figure (cont’d) Frequency Noise Figure 2450 MHz 1.08 dB 2475 MHz 1.09 dB 2500 MHz 1.05 dB 2525 MHz 1.10 dB 2550 MHz 1.07 dB 2575 MHz 1.07 dB 2600 MHz 1.07 dB 2625 MHz 1.07 dB 2650 MHz 1.12 dB 2675 MHz 1.09 dB 2700 MHz 1.09 dB 2725 MHz 1.08 dB 2750 MHz 1.08 dB 2775 MHz 1.09 dB 2800 MHz 1.11 dB 2825 MHz 1.12 dB 2850 MHz 1.12 dB 2875 MHz 1.12 dB 2900 MHz 1.09 dB 2925 MHz 1.09 dB 2950 MHz 1.11 dB 2975 MHz 1.11 dB 3000 MHz 1.10 dB Application Note 10 Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28 Application Note No. 127 1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using Scanned Image of PC Board Figure 6 Image of PC Board Application Note 11 Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28 Application Note No. 127 1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using Scanned Image of PC Board, Close-In Shot Total PCB area used ≅ 35 mm² Figure 7 Image of PC Board, Close-In Shot Application Note 12 Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28 Application Note No. 127 1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using Stability Rohde and Schwarz ZVC Network Analyzer calculates and plots Stability Factor "K" in real time, from 5 MHz to 8 GHz. Note K>1 from 870 MHz to 8 GHz; however K<1 in VHF - UHF range (e.g. 100 - 800 MHz). Further work needed to bring K>1 here. May need to add 1 - 2 components to achieve this. &+ . 8 /,1 5H P8 5() 8 8 *+] 0 + ] *+] P8 0+] &$/ 2)6 P8 8 &3/ ),/ N 602 8 67$57 0+] 'DWH Figure 8 0$< *+] 6723 *+] $1BSORWBVWDELOLW\B.YVG Plot of K(f) Application Note 13 Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28 Application Note No. 127 1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using Gain Compression at 1575 MHz and 2440 MHz Amplifier is checked for 1 dB compression point at VCC = 1.8 V, IC = 7.9 mA (with VCE = 0.8 V). An Agilent power meter was used to ensure accurate power levels are measured (as opposed to using Vector Network Analyzer in "Power Sweep" mode). 1575 MHz (GPS) Input P1dB ≅ -14.3 dBm Output P1dB ≅ -14.3 dBm + (Gain - 1 dB) = -14.3 dBm + (15.2 - 1) dB = -0.1 dBm Table 4 Gain Compression at 1575 MHz Pin, dBm Pout, dBm -20.0 Gain -4.8 15.2 -19.0 -3.8 15.2 -18.0 -3.0 15.0 -17.0 -2.1 14.9 -16.0 -1.3 14.7 -15.0 -0.6 14.4 -14.0 0.0 14.0 -13.0 +0.5 13.5 -12.0 +1.0 13.0 -11.0 +1.4 12.4 -10.0 +1.8 11.8 2440 MHz (2.4 GHz ISM Band) Input P1dB ≅ -10.8 dBm Output P1dB ≅ -10.8 dBm + (Gain - 1 dB) = -10.8 dBm + (12.0 - 1) dB = +0.2 dBm Table 5 Gain Compression at 2440 MHz Pin, dBm Pout, dBm Gain -20.0 -8.0 12.0 -19.0 -7.0 12.0 -18.0 -6.1 11.9 -17.0 -5.2 11.8 -16.0 -4.2 11.8 -15.0 -3.2 11.8 -14.0 -2.3 11.7 -13.0 -1.4 11.6 -12.0 -0.6 11.4 -11.0 +0.1 11.1 -10.0 +0.8 10.8 Application Note 14 Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28 Application Note No. 127 1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using PLEASE NOTE - all plots are taken from Rohde And Schwarz ZVC Network Analyzer, with T = 25 °C, source power ≈ -30 dBm. Input Return Loss, Log Mag 5 MHz to 8 GHz Sweep &+ 6 G% G% 0$* G% 5() G% G% *+] * + ] *+] G% *+] G% *+] G% *+] &$/ G% 2)6 G% &3/ ),/ N 602 G% 67$57 0+] 'DWH Figure 9 0$< *+] 6723 *+] $1BSORWBLQSXWBUHWXUQBORVVYVG Plot of Input Return Loss Application Note 15 Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28 Application Note No. 127 1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using Input Return Loss, Smith Chart Reference Plane = Input SMA Connector on PC Board 5 MHz to 8 GHz Sweep &+ 6 8 M *+] M *+] M *+] M *+] &$/ 2)6 &3/ ),/ N 602 67$57 0+] 'DWH Figure 10 0$< 6723 *+] $1BVPLWKBLQSXWBUHWXUQBORVVYVG Smith Chart of Input Return Loss Application Note 16 Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28 Application Note No. 127 1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using Forward Gain 5 MHz to8 GHz Sweep &+ 6 G% G% 0$* G% 5() G% G% *+] * + ] *+] G% *+] G% *+] G% *+] &$/ G% 2)6 G% &3/ ),/ N 602 G% 67$57 0+] 'DWH Figure 11 0$< *+] 6723 *+] $1BSORWBIZBJDLQYVG Plot of Forward Gain Application Note 17 Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28 Application Note No. 127 1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using Reverse Isolation 5 MHz to 8 GHz Sweep &+ 6 G% G% 0$* G% 5() G% G% *+] * + ] *+] G% *+] G% *+] G% *+] G% &$/ 2)6 G% &3/ ),/ N 602 G% 67$57 0+] 'DWH Figure 12 0$< *+] 6723 *+] $1BSORWBUHYHUVHBLVRODWLRQYVG Plot of Reverse Isolation Application Note 18 Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28 Application Note No. 127 1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using Output Return Loss, Log Mag 5 MHz to 8 GHz Sweep &+ 6 G% G% 0$* G% 5() G% G% *+] * + ] *+] G% *+] G% *+] G% *+] &$/ G% 2)6 G% &3/ ),/ N 602 G% 67$57 0+] 'DWH Figure 13 0$< *+] 6723 *+] $1BSORWBRXWSXWBUHWXUQBORVVYVG Plot of Output Return Loss Application Note 19 Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28 Application Note No. 127 1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using Output Return Loss, Smith Chart Reference Plane = Output SMA Connector on PC Board 5 MHz to 8 GHz Sweep &+ 6 8 M *+] M *+] M *+] M *+] &$/ 2)6 &3/ ),/ N 602 67$57 0+] 'DWH Figure 14 0$< 6723 *+] $1BVPLWKBRXWSXWBUHWXUQBORVVYVG Smith Chart of Output Return Loss Application Note 20 Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28 Application Note No. 127 1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using Two-Tone Test, GPS (1575 MHz) Input Stimulus for Amplifier Two-Tone Test. f1 = 1574 MHz, f2 = 1575 MHz, -25 dBm each tone. $1BSORWBWZRBWRQHBLQSXWB0+]YVG Figure 15 Tow-Tone Test, Input Stimulus @ 1575 MHz Application Note 21 Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28 Application Note No. 127 1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using Two-Tone Test, GPS (1575 MHz) LNA Response to Two-Tone Test. Input IP3 = -25 + (43.3 / 2) = -3.4 dBm. Output IP3 = -3.4 dBm + 15.2 dB gain = +11.9 dBm. $1BSORWBWZRBWRQHBUHVSRQVHB0+]YVG Figure 16 Tow-Tone Test, LNA Response @ 1575 MHz Application Note 22 Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28 Application Note No. 127 1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using Two-Tone Test, PHS (1900 MHz) Input Stimulus for Amplifier Two-Tone Test. f1 = 1900 MHz, f2 = 1901 MHz, -25 dBm each tone. $1BSORWBWZRBWRQHBLQSXWB0+]YVG Figure 17 Tow-Tone Test, Input Stimulus @ 1900 MHz Application Note 23 Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28 Application Note No. 127 1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using Two-Tone Test, PHS (1900 MHz) LNA Response to Two-Tone Test. Input IP3 = -25 + (46.2 / 2) = -1.9 dBm. Output IP3 = -1.9 dBm + 13.8 dB gain = +11.9 dBm. $1BSORWBWZRBWRQHBUHVSRQVHB0+]YVG Figure 18 Tow-Tone Test, LNA Response @ 1900 MHz Application Note 24 Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28 Application Note No. 127 1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using Two-Tone Test, UMTS (2.1 GHz Band) Input Stimulus for Amplifier Two-Tone Test. f1 = 2140 MHz, f2 = 2141 MHz, -25 dBm each tone. $1BSORWBWZRBWRQHBLQSXWB*+]YVG Figure 19 Tow-Tone Test, Input Stimulus @ 2.1 GHz Application Note 25 Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28 Application Note No. 127 1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using Two-Tone Test, UMTS (2.1 GHz Band) LNA Response to Two-Tone Test. Input IP3 = -25 + (44.6 / 2) = -2.7 dBm. Output IP3 = -2.7 dBm + 13.0 dB gain = +10.3 dBm. $1BSORWBWZRBWRQHBUHVSRQVHB*+]YVG Figure 20 Tow-Tone Test, LNA Response @ 2.1 GHz Application Note 26 Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28 Application Note No. 127 1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using Two-Tone Test, 2.4 GHz IMS Band Input Stimulus for Amplifier Two-Tone Test. f1 = 2440 MHz, f2 = 2441 MHz, -25 dBm each tone. $1BSORWBWZRBWRQHBLQSXWB*+]YVG Figure 21 Tow-Tone Test, Input Stimulus @ 2.4 GHz Application Note 27 Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28 Application Note No. 127 1.8 V Ultra Low Cost LNA for GPS, PHS, UMTS and 2.4 GHz ISM using Two-Tone Test, 2.4 GHz ISM Band LNA Response to Two-Tone Test. Input IP3 = -25 + (50.0 / 2) = 0.0 dBm. Output IP3 = 0.0 dBm + 12.0 dB gain = +12.0 dBm. $1BSORWBWZRBWRQHBUHVSRQVHB*+]YVG Figure 22 Tow-Tone Test, LNA Response @ 2.4 GHz Application Note 28 Rev. 1.2, 2007-11-28