To all our customers Regarding the change of names mentioned in the document, such as Mitsubishi Electric and Mitsubishi XX, to Renesas Technology Corp. The semiconductor operations of Hitachi and Mitsubishi Electric were transferred to Renesas Technology Corporation on April 1st 2003. These operations include microcomputer, logic, analog and discrete devices, and memory chips other than DRAMs (flash memory, SRAMs etc.) Accordingly, although Mitsubishi Electric, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Mitsubishi Semiconductors, and other Mitsubishi brand names are mentioned in the document, these names have in fact all been changed to Renesas Technology Corp. Thank you for your understanding. Except for our corporate trademark, logo and corporate statement, no changes whatsoever have been made to the contents of the document, and these changes do not constitute any alteration to the contents of the document itself. Note : Mitsubishi Electric will continue the business operations of high frequency & optical devices and power devices. Renesas Technology Corp. Customer Support Dept. April 1, 2003 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER DESCRIPTION The M37220M3-XXXSP is a single-chip microcomputer designed with CMOS silicon gate technology. It is housed in a 42-pin shrink plastic molded DIP. In addition to their simple instruction sets, the ROM, RAM and I/O addresses are placed on the same memory map to enable easy programming. The M37220M3-XXXSP has a PWM output function and a OSD display function, so it is useful for a channel selection system for TV. PIN CONFIGURATION (TOP VIEW) • Number of basic instructions ..................................................... 71 • Memory size • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ROM ........................................................ 12 K bytes RAM ......................................................... 256 bytes ROM for display......................................... 4 K bytes RAM for display .......................................... 80 bytes The minimum instruction execution time .......................................... 0.5µs (at 8 MHz oscillation frequency) Power source voltage .................................................. 5 V ± 10 % Power dissipation ............................................................. 165 mW (at 8 MHz oscillation frequency, V CC=5.5V, at CRT display) Subroutine nesting ....................................... 96 levels (maximum) Interrupts ....................................................... 13 types, 13 vectors 8-bit timers .................................................................................. 4 Programmable I/O ports (Ports P0, P1, P2, P30–P3 2) .............. 27 Input ports (Ports P33, P34) ......................................................... 2 Output ports (Ports P52–P5 5) ...................................................... 4 12 V withstand ports ....................................................................6 LED drive ports ........................................................................... 4 Serial I/O ............................................................ 8-bit ✕ 1 channel A-D comparator (6-bit resolution) ................................ 6 channels D-A converter (6-bit resolution) ................................................... 2 PWM output circuit ......................................... 14-bit ✕ 1, 8-bit ✕ 6 1 42 P52/R VSYNC 2 41 P00/PWM0 3 40 P53/G P54/B P01/PWM1 4 39 P55/OUT P02/PWM2 5 38 P20/SCLK P03/PWM3 6 37 P21/SOUT P04/PWM4 7 P05/PWM5 P06/INT2/A-D4 P07/INT1 8 10 P23/TIM3 11 P24/TIM2 P25 12 P26 14 29 P27 15 28 D-A 16 27 P16/A-D2 P17/A-D3 P30/A-D5/DA1 P32 17 26 P31/A-D6/DA2 CNVSS XIN 18 25 19 24 RESET OSC1/P33 XOUT 20 23 OSC2/P34 VSS 21 22 VCC 9 13 M37220M3-XXXSP FEATURES HSYNC 36 P22/SIN 35 34 P10 P11 33 P12 32 P13 31 P14 P15/A-D1/INT3 30 Outline 42P4B • CRT display function Number of display characters ................ 24 characters ✕ 2 lines (16 lines maximum) Kinds of characters ..................................................... 128 kinds Dot structure .......................................................... 12 ✕ 16 dots Kinds of character sizes .................................................. 3 kinds Kinds of character colors (It can be specified by the character) maximum 7 kinds (R, G, B) Kinds of raster colors (maximum 7 kinds) Display position Horizontal .................................................................. 64 levels Vertical .................................................................... 128 levels Bordering (horizontal and vertical) APPLICATION TV 15 14 13 12 11 36 37 38 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 I/O port P1 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 I/O port P0 I/O port P2 P2 (8) A-D comparator 21 22 14-bit PWM circuit 16 D-A TIM3 TIM2 I/O ports P30–P32 17 26 27 P3 (3) Stack pointer S (8) 18 CNVSS ROM 12 K bytes VSS VCC Index register Y (8) PCL (8) PCH (8) Index register X (8) Program counter Program counter P1 (8) Accumulator A (8) Processor status register PS (8) RAM 256 bytes Data bus 25 P0 (8) 8-bit arithmetic and logical unit Address bus Clock generating circuit 20 INT3 19 INT2 INT1 D-A converter Timer 4 T4 (8) Timer 3 T3 (8) Timer 2 T2 (8) Timer 1 T1 (8) Timer count source selection circuit 8-bit PWM circuit SI/O(8) Instruction register (8) Instruction decoder Control signal 23 P5 (4) 39 40 41 42 2 1 Output ports P52–P55 CRT circuit 24 Input ports P33, P34 Clock input for display Clock output for display OSC1 OSC2 SIN SCLK SOUT Reset input RESET PWM5 PWM4 PWM3 PWM2 PWM1 PWM0 Clock input Clock output XIN XOUT ( φ ) Timing output OUT B G R 2 VSYNC HSYNC FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM of M37220M3-XXXSP MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER FUNCTIONS Parameter Number of basic instructions Functions 71 0.5 µs (the minimum instruction execution time, at 8 MHz oscillation frequency) Instruction execution time Clock frequency Memory size 8 MHz (maximum) ROM 12K bytes RAM 256 bytes CRT ROM 4K bytes CRT RAM Input/Output ports 80 bytes P0 I/O 8-bit ✕ 1 (N-channel open-drain output structure, can be used as PWM output pins, INT input pins, A-D input pin) P10–P1 7 I/O 8-bit ✕ 1 (CMOS input/output structure, can be used as A-D input pins, INT input pin) P20, P2 1 I/O 2-bit ✕ 1 (CMOS input/output or N-channel open-drain output structure, can be used as serial output pins) P22–P2 7 I/O 6-bit ✕ 1 (CMOS input/output structure, can be used as serial input pin, external clock input pins) P30, P3 1 I/O 2-bit ✕ 1 (CMOS input/output or N-channel open-drain output structure, can be used as A-D input pins, D-A conversion output pins) I/O 1-bit ✕ 1 (N-channel open-drain output structure) P32 P33, P3 4 Input P52–P5 5 Output 2-bit ✕ 1 (can be used as CRT display clock I/O pins) 4-bit ✕ 1 (CMOS output structure, can be used as CRT output pins) Serial I/O 8-bit ✕ 1 A-D comparatpr 6 channels (6-bit resolution) D-A converter 2 (6-bit resolution) PWM output circuit 14-bit ✕ 1, 8-bit ✕ 6 Timers 8-bit timer ✕ 4 Subroutine nesting 96 levels (maximum) Interrupt External interrupt ✕ 3, Internal timer interrupt ✕ 4, Serial I/O interrupt ✕ 1, CRT interrupt ✕ 1, X IN/4096 interrupt ✕ 1, V SYNC interrupt ✕ 1, BRK interrupt ✕ 1 Clock generating circuit 2 built-in circuits (externally connected a ceramic resonator or a quartzcrystal oscillator) 5 V ± 10 % Power source voltage Power dissipation CRT ON 165 mW typ. (at oscillation frequency fCPU = 8 MHz, fCRT = 8 MHz) CRT OFF 110 mW typ. (at oscillation frequency fCPU = 8 MHz) In stop mode 1.65 mW (maximum) Operating temperature range –10 °C to 70 °C Device structure CMOS silicon gate process Package CRT display function 42-pin shrink plastic molded DIP Number of display characters 20 characters ✕ 2 lines (maximum 16 lines by software) Dot structure 12 ✕ 16 dots Kinds of characters 128 kinds Kinds of character sizes 3 kinds Kinds of character colors Maximum 7 kinds (R, G, B); can be specified by the character Display position (horizontal, vertical) 64 levels (horizontal) ✕ 128 levels (vertical) 3 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER PIN DESCRIPTION Pin Name Functions VCC, VSS Power source Apply voltage of 5 V ± 10 % (typical) to VCC, and 0 V to VSS. CNVSS CNVSS This is connected to VSS. RESET Reset input Input XIN Clock input Input XOUT Clock output P00/PWM0– P05/PWM5, P06/INT2/ A-D4, P07/INT1 I/O port P0 P10–P14 , P15/A-D1 INT3, P16/A-D2, P17/A-D3 P20/SCLK, P21/SOUT, P22/SIN, P23/TIM3, P24/TIM2, P25–P2 7 PWM output Output To enter the reset state, the reset input pin must be kept at a “L” for 2 µs or more (under normal VCC conditions). If more time is needed for the quartz-crystal oscillator to stabilize, this “L” condition should be maintained for the required time. This chip has an internal clock generating circuit. To control generating frequency, an external ceramic resonator or a quartz-crystal oscillator is connected between pins XIN and XOUT. If an external clock is used, the clock source should be connected to the X IN pin and the XOUT pin should be left open. I/O Port P0 is an 8-bit I/O port with direction register allowing each I/O bit to be individually programmed as input or output. At reset, this port is set to input mode. The output structure is N-channel open-drain output. The note out of this Table gives a full of port P0 function. Output Pins P00–P05 are also used as PWM output pins PWM0–PWM5 respectively.The output structure is N-channel open-drain output. External interrupt input Input Pins P06, P0 7 are also used as external interrupt input pins INT2, INT1 respectively. Analog input Input I/O Pins P06 is also used as an analog interrupt input pin A-D4. I/O port P1 Analog input Input Pins P15–P1 7 are also used as an analog input pins A-D1 to A-D3. External interrupt input Input Pin P15 is also used as an external interrupt input pins INT3. I/O port P2 I/O Port P1 is an 8-bit I/O port and has basically the same functions as port P0. The output structure is CMOS output. Port P2 is an 8-bit I/O port and has basically the same functions as port P0. The output structure is CMOS output. External clock input Input Serial I/O data input/output I/O Pins P21, P2 2 are also used serial I/O data input/output pins SOUT, SIN respectively. The output structure is N-channel open-drain output. Serial I/O synchronizing clock input/ output I/O Pin P20 is also used serial I/O syncronizing clock input/output pin S CLK. The output structure is N-channel open-drain output. P30/A-D5/ DA1, P31/A-D6/ DA2, P32 I/O port P3 I/O Ports P30–P32 are a 3-bit I/O port and have basically the same functions as port P0. Either CMOS output or N-channel open-drain output structure can be selected as the ports P30 and P31. The output structure of port P32 is N-channel open-drain output. P33/OSC1, P34/OSC2 Input port P3 Input Ports P33, P3 4 are a 2-bit input port. Clock input for CRT display Input Pin P33 is also used as CRT display clock input pin OSC1. Analog input D-A conversion output Clock output for CRT display 4 Input/ Output Input Output Output Pins P23, P2 4 is also used an external clock input pins TIM3, TIM2 respectively. Pins P30, P31 are also used as analog input pins A-D5, A-D6 respectively. Pins P3 0, P3 1 are also used as D-A conversion output pins DA1, DA2 respectively. Pin P34 is also used as CRT display clock output pin OSC2.The output structure is CMOS output. MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER PIN DESCRIPTION (continued) P52/R, P53/G, P54/B, P55/OUT HSYNC Output port P5 Output Ports P5 2–P55 are a 4-bit output port. The output structure is CMOS output. CRT output Output Pins P52–P55 are also used as CRT output pins R, G, B, OUT respectively. The output structure is CMOS output. HSYNC input Input This is a horizontal synchronizing signal input for CRT display. VSYNC VSYNC input Input This is a vertical synchronizing signal input for CRT display. D-A DA output Output This is an output pin for 14-bit PWM. Note : As shown in the memory map (Figure 3), port P0 is accessed as a memory at address 00C016 of zero page. Port P0 has the port P0 direction register (address 00C116 of zero page) which can be used to program each bit as an input (“0”) or an output (“1”). The pins programmed as “1” in the direction register are output pins. When pins are programmed as “0,” they are input pins. When pins are programmed as output pins, the output data are written into the port latch and then output. When data is read from the output pins, the output pin level is not read but the data of the port latch is read. This allows a previously-output value to be read correctly even if the output “L” voltage has risen, for example, because a light emitting diode was directly driven. The input pins are in the floating state, so the values of the pins can be read. When data is written into the input pin, it is written only into the port latch, while the pin remains in the floating state. 5 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER CPU Mode Register FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION Central Processing Unit (CPU) The M37220M3-XXXSP uses the standard 740 family instruction set. Refer to the table of 740 family addressing modes and machine instructions or the SERIES 740 <Software> User’s Manual for details on the instruction set. Machine-resident 740 family instructions are as follows: The FST, SLW instruction cannot be used. The MUL, DIV, WIT and STP instruction can be used. 7 1 1 The CPU mode register contains the stack page selection bit. The CPU mode register is allocated at address 00FB 16. 0 1 1 1 0 0 CPU mode register (CPUM : address 00FB16) Fix these bits to “0.” Stack page selection bit (Note) 0 : Zero page 1 : 1 page Fix these bits to “1.” Note : Please beware of this bit when programming because it is set to “1” after the reset release. Fig. 1. Structure of CPU mode register 6 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER MEMORY Special Function Register (SFR) Area Interrupt Vector Area The interrupt vector area contains reset and interrupt vectors. The special function register (SFR) area in the zero page contains control registers such as I/O ports and timers. Zero Page ROM The 256 bytes from addresses 000016 to 00FF16 are called the zero page area. The internal RAM and the special function registers (SFR) are allocated to this area. The zero page addressing mode can be used to specify memory and register addresses in the zero page area. Access to this area with only 2 bytes is possible in the zero page addressing mode. ROM is used for storing user programs as well as the interrupt vector area. Special Page RAM RAM is used for data storage and for stack area of subroutine calls and interrupts. RAM for Display RAM for display is used for specifying the character codes and colors to display. The 256 bytes from addresses FF0016 to FFFF 16 are called the special page area. The special page addressing mode can be used to specify memory addresses in the special page area. Access to this area with only 2 bytes is possible in the special page addressing mode. ROM for Display ROM for display is used for storing character data. 000016 1000016 Zero page RAM (256 bytes) 00C016 ROM for display (4 K bytes) SFR area 10FFF16 00FF16 013F16 Not used RAM for display (Note) (80 bytes) 060016 06B316 Not used Not used D00016 ROM (12 K bytes) FF0016 FFDE16 FFFF16 Interrupt vector area Special page 1FFFF16 Note : Refer to Table 8. Contents of CRT display RAM. Fig. 2. Memory map 7 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER ■SFR area (addresses C016 to DF16) : Nothing is allocated : Fix this bit to “0” (do not write “1”) 0 : “0” immediately after reset 1 : “1” immediately after reset ? : undefined immediately after reset Address C016 C116 C216 C316 C416 C516 C616 C716 C816 C916 CA16 CB16 CC16 CD16 CE16 CF16 D016 D116 D216 D316 D416 D516 D616 D716 D816 D916 DA16 DB16 DC16 DD16 DE16 DF16 Register b7 State immediately after reset b0 b7 Port P0 (P0) Port P0 direction register (D0) Port P1 (P1) Port P1 direction register (D1) Port P2 (P2) Port P2 direction register (D2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ? 0 0 0 0 0 0 ? 0 0 0 SM3 SM2 SM1 SM0 0 0 0 Serial I/O regsiter (SIO) DA1 conversion register (DA1) DA15 DA14 DA13 DA12 DA11 DA10 DA2 conversion register (DA2) DA25 DA24 DA23 DA22 DA21 DA20 0 0 0 0 ? ? Port P3 (P3) Port P3 direction register (D3) Port P5 (P5) Port P5 direction register (D5) DA2S DA1S P31S P30S Port P3 output mode control register (P3S) DA-H register (DA-H) DA-L register (DA-L) PWM0 register (PWM0) PWM1 register (PWM1) PWM2 register (PWM2) PWM3 register (PWM3) PWM4 register (PWM4) PWM output control register 1 (PW) PW7 PW6 PW5 PW4 PW3 PW2 PW1 PW0 PN4 PN3 PN2 PWM output control register 2 (PN) Serial I/O mode register (SM) Fig. 3. Memory map of SFR (special function register) (1) 8 Bit allocation SM6 SM5 ? 0016 ? 0016 ? 0016 ? ? 0 0 ? ? ? ? 0 0 ? 0 0 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 0016 0 0 ? ? ? ? ? 0 0 ? ? ? ? ? b0 ? 0 ? 0 ? 0 ? 0 ? 0 ? 0 0 0 0 ? ? ? 0 0 0 0 0 0 ? ? ? ? ? ? MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER ■SFR area (addresses E016 to FF16) : Nothing is allocated AA : Fix this bit to “0” (do not write “1”) AA AA : Fix this bit to “1” (do not write “0”) AA 0 : “0” immediately after reset 1 : “1” immediately after reset ? : undefined immediately after reset Address E016 E116 E216 E316 E416 E516 E616 E716 E816 E916 EA16 EB16 EC16 ED16 EE16 EF16 F016 F116 F216 F316 F416 F516 F616 F716 F816 F916 FA16 FB16 FC16 FD16 FE16 FF16 Register Bit allocation b7 State immediately after reset b0 b7 HR5 HR4 HR3 HR2 HR1 HR0 Horizontal position register (HR) Vertical register 1 (CV1) CV16 CV15 CV14 CV13 CV12 CV11 CV10 Vertical register 2 (CV2) CV26 CV25 CV24 CV23 CV22 CV21 CV20 b0 0 0 0 0 ? ? 0 ? ? 0 ? ? 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ? ? 0 ? ? 0 ? ? 0 ? ? ? 0 0 0 0 0 0 ? ? 0 0 0 0 0 ? 0 0 0 0 0 0 ? ? 0 0 0 0 0 ? CS21 CS20 CS11 CS10 Character size register (CS) Border selection register (MD) Color register 0 (CO0) MD20 CO05 Color register 1 (CO1) CO15 Color register 2 (CO2) CO25 Color register 3 (CO3) CO35 AAA AAA CO03 CO02 CO01 CO13 CO12 CO11 CO23 CO22 CO21 CO33 CO32 CO31 CC2 CC1 CC0 CRT control register (CC) CRT port control register (CRTP) MD10 OP7 OP6 OP5 OUT R/G/B VSYC HSYC AAA AAAAAA AAA CRT clock selection register (CK) ADM4 A-D control register 1 (AD1) CK1 CK0 ADM2 ADM1 ADM0 ADC5 ADC4 ADC3 ADC2 ADC1 ADC0 A-D control register 2 (AD2) Timer 1 (TM1) AA AAA AA AAA AA AA 0 0 0 0 0 AA AAA AA AAA AA AA 0 0 AA 0 0 0 AA 0 0 AA 0 0 AA 0 Timer 2 (TM2) Timer 3 (TM3) Timer 4 (TM4) Timer 12 mode register (T12M) AAA AAA AAA AAAAAA AAA PWM5 register (PWM5) Interrupt input polarity register (RE) Test register (TEST) CPU mode register (CPUM) Interrupt request register 1 (IREQ1) Interrupt request register 2 (IREQ2) Interrupt control register 1 (ICON1) Interrupt control register 2 (ICON2) RE5 RE4 CK0 RE3 AAA AAA AAA AAA AAA AAA AAA AAAAAA AAA CM2 IT3R VSCR CRTR TM4R TM3R TM2R TM1R MSR CK0 IT3E S1R 1T2R 1T1R VSCE CRTE TM4E TM3E TM2E TM1E MSE 0 0 0 AA AA 0 0 0 0 AA AA 0 AA AA0 0 0 AA AA AAA 0 0 0 0 0 ? AAAAAAAAAAAA AA AA AAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AA AAA AA AAAAA AAA AA0 1 0 AA 1AAA 1 AA 1AAA AA AA AAA 0 0 AA 0 0 0 AA 0 AA AA AA 0 0 0 0 AA 0 0 AA AAAA AA 0AAA 0 AA 0 0 0 0 AA AA 0 0 AA 0 0 0 0 AA AAAAA AAAAA AA AA T12M4 T12M3 T12M2 T12M1 T12M0 T34M5 T34M4 T34M3 T34M2 T34M1 T34M0 Timer 34 mode register (T34M) ? 0016 0 0 ? 0 0 0 FF16 0716 FF16 0716 0 0 0 0 ? ? ? CK0 0 0 0016 1 1 0 0 CK0 0 0 0 0 0 0 S1E 1T2E 1T1E 0 0 0 0 Fig. 4. Memory map of SFR (special function register) (2) 9 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER INTERRUPTS Interrupt Causes Interrupts can be caused by 13 different sources consisting of 3 external, 9 internal, and 1 software sources. Interrupts are vectored interrupts with priorities shown in Table 1. Reset is also included in the table because its operation is similar to an interrupt. When an interrupt is accepted, (1) The contents of the program counter and processor status register are automatically stored into the stack. (2) The interrupt disable flag I is set to “1” and the corresponding interrupt request bit is set to “0.” (3) The jump destination address stored in the vector address enters the program counter. Other interrupts are disabled when the interrupt disable flag is set to “1.” All interrupts except the BRK instruction interrupt have an interrupt request bit and an interrupt enable bit. The interrupt request bits are in interrupt request registers 1 and 2 and the interrupt enable bits are in interrupt control registers 1 and 2. Figure 5 shows the structure of the interrupt-related registers. Interrupts other than the BRK instruction interrupt and reset are accepted when the interrupt enable bit is “1,” interrupt request bit is “1,” and the interrupt disable flag is “0.” The interrupt request bit can be set to “0” by a program, but not set to “1.” The interrupt enable bit can be set to “0” and “1” by a program. Reset is treated as a non-maskable interrupt with the highest priority. Figure 6 shows interrupt control. (1) VSYNC and CRT interrupts The VSYNC interrupt is an interrupt request synchronized with the vertical sync signal. The CRT interrupt occurs after character block display to the CRT is completed. (2) INT1, INT2, INT3 interrupts With an external interrupt input, the system detects that the level of a pin changes from “L” to “H” or from “H” to “L,” and generates an interrupt request. The input active edge can be selected by bits 3, 4 and 5 of the interrupt input polarity register (address 00F916 ) : when this bit is “0,” a change from “L” to “H” is detected; when it is “1,” a change from “H” to “L” is detected. Note that all bits are cleared to “0” at reset. (3) Timer 1, 2, 3 and 4 interrupts An interrupt is generated by an overflow of timer 1, 2, 3 or 4. (4) Serial I/O interrupt This is an interrupt request from the clock synchronous serial I/O function. (5) XIN/4096 interrupt This interrupt occurs regularly with a f(XIN)/4096 period. Set bit 0 of the PWM output control register 1 to “0.” (6) BRK instruction interrupt This software interrupt has the least significant priority. It does not have a corresponding interrupt enable bit, and it is not affected by the interrupt disable flag I (non-maskable). Table 1. Interrupt vector addresses and priority Priority Vector addresses Reset Interrupt source 1 FFFF16, FFFE16 Remarks CRT interrupt 2 FFFD16, FFFC16 INT2 interrupt 3 FFFB16, FFFA16 Active edge selectable INT1 interrupt 4 FFF9 16, FFF816 Active edge selectable Timer 4 interrupt 5 FFF5 16, FFF416 Non-maskable XIN/4096 interrupt 6 FFF3 16, FFF216 VSYNC interrupt 7 FFF1 16, FFF016 Timer 3 interrupt 8 FFEF16, FFEE16 Timer 2 interrupt 9 FFED16, FFEC16 Timer 1 interrupt 10 FFEB16, FFEA16 Serial I/O interrupt 11 FFE9 16, FFE816 INT3 interrupt 12 FFE5 16, FFE416 Active edge selectable BRK instruction interrupt 13 FFDF16, FFDE16 Non-maskable (software interrupt) 10 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER 7 0 Interrupt request register 1 (IREQ1 : address 00FC16) 7 0 Interrupt request register 2 (IREQ2 : address 00FD16) 0 Timer 1 interrupt request bit INT1 interrupt request bit Timer 2 interrupt request bit INT2 interrupt request bit Timer 3 interrupt request bit Serial I/O interrupt request bit Timer 4 interrupt request bit XIN/4096 interrupt request bit CRT interrupt request bit Fix this bit to “0.” VSYNC interrupt request bit INT3 interrupt request bit 0 : No interrupt request issued 1 : Interrupt request issued 7 0 7 Interrupt control register 1 (ICON1 : address 00FE16) 0 0 0 0 0 Interrupt control register 2 (ICON2 : address 00FF16) Timer 1 interrupt enable bit INT1 interrupt enable bit Timer 2 interrupt enable bit INT2 interrupt enable bit Timer 3 interrupt enable bit Serial I/O interrupt enable bit Timer 4 interrupt enable bit Fix this bit to “0.” CRT interrupt enable bit XIN/4096 interrupt enable bit VSYNC interrupt enable bit Fix these bits to “0.” INT3 interrupt enable bit 0 : Interrupt disabled 1 : Interrupt enabled 7 0 0 0 0 Interrupt input polarity register (RE : address 00F916) Fix these bits to “0.” INT1 polarity switch bit 0 : Positive polarity 1 : Negative polarity INT2 polarity switch bit 0 : Positive polarity 1 : Negative polarity INT3 polarity switch bit 0 : Positive polarity 1 : Negative polarity Fix this bit to “0.” Fig. 5. Structure of interrupt-related registers 11 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER Interrupt request bit Interrupt enable bit Interrupt disable flag I BRK instruction Reset Fig. 6. Interrupt control 12 Interrupt request MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER TIMERS The M37220M3-XXXSP has 4 timers: timer 1, timer 2, timer 3, and timer 4. All timers are 8-bit timers with the 8-bit timer latch. The timer block diagram is shown in Figure 8. All of the timers count down and their divide ratio is 1/(n+1), where n is the value of timer latch. The value is set to a timer at the same time by writing a count value to the corresponding timer latch (addresses 00F0 16 to 00F316). The count value is decremented by 1. The timer interrupt request bit is set to “1” by a timer overflow at the next count pulse after the count value reaches “00 16”. (1) Timer 1 At reset, timers 3 and 4 are connected by hardware and “FF16” is automatically set in timer 3; “0716 ” in timer 4. The f(XIN)/16 is selected as the timer 3 count source. The internal reset is released by timer 4 overflow at these state, the internal clock is connected. At execution of the STP instruction, timers 3 and 4 are connected by hardware and “FF16” is automatically set in timer 3; “0716” in timer 4. However, the f(XIN)/16 is not selected as the timer 3 count source. So set bit 0 of the timer 34 mode register (address 00F516) to “0” before the execution of the STP instruction (f(XIN)/16 is selected as the timer 3 count source). The internal STP state is released by timer 4 overflow at these state, the internal clock is connected. Because of this, the program starts with the stable clock. The structure of timer-related registers is shown in Figure 7. Timer 1 can select one of the following count sources: f(X IN)/16 f(X IN)/4096 The count source of timer 1 is selected by setting bit 0 of the timer 12 mode register (address 00F4 16). Timer 1 interrupt request occurs at timer 1 overflow. • • (2) Timer 2 Timer 2 can select one of the following count sources: f(X IN)/16 Timer 1 overflow signal External clock from the P24/TIM2 pin The count source of timer 2 is selected by setting bits 4 and 1 of the timer 12 mode register (address 00F4 16). When timer 1 overflow signal is a count source for the timer 2, the timer 1 functions as an 8bit prescaler. Timer 2 interrupt request occurs at timer 2 overflow. • • • (3) Timer 3 Timer 3 can select one of the following count sources: f(X IN)/16 External clock from the HSYNC pin External clock from the P23/TIM3 pin The count source of timer 3 is selected by setting bits 5 and 0 of the timer 34 mode register (address 00F516) Timer 3 interrupt request occurs at timer 3 overflow. • • • (4) Timer 4 Timer 4 can select one of the following count sources: f(X IN)/16 f(X IN)/2 Timer 3 overflow signal The count source of timer 3 is selected by setting bits 4 and 1 of the timer 34 mode register (address 00F5 16). When timer 3 overflow signal is a count source for the timer 4, the timer 3 functions as an 8bit prescaler. Timer 4 interrupt request occurs at timer 4 overflow. • • • 13 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER 7 0 0 7 Timer 12 mode register (T12M : address 00F416) Timer 34 mode register (T34M : address 00F516) Timer 1 count source selection bit 0 : f(XIN)/16 1 : f(XIN)/4096 Timer 3 count source selection bit 0 : f(XIN)/16 1 : External clock Timer 2 count source selection bit 0 : Internal clock 1 : External clock from P24/TIM2 pin Timer 4 internal count source selection bit 0 : Timer 3 overflow 1 : f(XIN)/16 Timer 1 count stop bit 0 : Count start 1 : Count stop Timer 3 count stop bit 0 : Count start 1 : Count stop Timer 2 count stop bit 0 : Count start 1 : Count stop Timer 2 internal count source selection bit 0 : f(XIN)/16 1 : Timer 1 overflow Fix this bit to “0.” Fig. 7. Structure of timer-related registers 14 0 Timer 4 count stop bit 0 : Count start 1 : Count stop Timer 4 count source selection bit 0 : Internal clock 1 : f(XIN)/2 Timer 3 external count source selection bit 0 : External clock from P23/TIM3 pin 1 : External clock from HSYNC pin MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER Data bus 8 Timer 1 latch (8) 1/4096 8 XIN 1/2 1/8 Timer 1 interrupt request Timer 1 (8) T12M0 T12M2 8 T12M4 8 Timer 2 latch (8) 8 P24/TIM2 Timer 2 interrupt request Timer 2 (8) T12M1 T12M3 8 HSYNC 8 FF16 P23/TIM3 T34M5 Reset STP instruction Timer 3 latch (8) 8 Timer 3 interrupt request Timer 3 (8) T34M0 T34M2 8 8 Selection gate : Connected to black colored side at reset 0716 T34M1 Timer 4 latch (8) T12M : Timer 12 mode register T34M : Timer 34 mode register 8 Timer 4 interrupt request Timer 4 (8) T34M4 T34M3 8 Notes 1 : “H” pulse width of external clock inputs TIM2 and TIM3 needs 4 machine cycles or more. 2 : When the external clock source is selected, timers 2 and 3 are counted at a rising edge of input signal. 3 : In the stop mode or the wait mode, external clock inputs TIM2 and TIM3 cannot be used Fig. 8. Timer block diagram 15 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER SERIAL I/O The M37220M3-XXXSP has a built-in serial I/O which can either transmit or receive 8-bit data in serial in the clock synchronous mode. The serial I/O block diagram is shown in Figure 9. The synchronizing clock I/O pin (SCLK), and data I/O pins (SOUT , SIN) also function as port P2. Bit 2 of the serial I/O mode register (address 00DC16) selects whether the synchronizing clock is supplied internally or externally (from the P20/SCLK pin). When an internal clock is selected, bits 1 and 0 select whether f(XIN) is divided by 4, 16, 32, or 64. Bit 3 selects whether port P2 is used for serial I/O or not. To use the P22/SIN pin as the SIN pin, set the bit 2 of the port P2 direction register (address 00C516) to “0.” The operation of the serial I/O function is described below. The function of the serial I/O differs depending on the clock source; external clock or internal clock. Data bus XIN 1/2 Frequency divider 1/2 1/4 1/8 1/16 SM1 SM0 SM2 S Synchronization circuit Selection gate : Connected to black colored side at reset. SM : Serial I/O mode register P20 latch P20/SCLK Serial I/O counter (8) SM3 P21 latch SM5: LSB P21/SOUT SM3 Serial I/O interrupt request MSB (Note) P22/SIN SM6 Serial I/O shift register (8) (Address 00DD16) 8 Note: When the data is set in the serial I/O register (address 00DD16), the register functions as the serial I/O shift register. Fig. 9. Serial I/O block diagram 16 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER Internal clock—the serial I/O counter is set to “7” during write cycle into the serial I/O register (address 00DD16), and transfer clock goes “H” forcibly. At each falling edge of the transfer clock after the write cycle, serial data is output from the SOUT pin. Transfer direction can be selected by bit 5 of the serial I/O mode register. At each rising edge of the transfer clock, data is input from the SIN pin and data in the serial I/O register is shifted 1 bit. After the transfer clock has counted 8 times, the serial I/O counter becomes “0” and the transfer clock stops at “H.” At this time the interrupt request bit is set to “1.” External clock—when an external clock is selected as the clock source, the interrupt request is set to “1” after the transfer clock has counted 8 times. However, transfer operation does not stop, so control the clock externally. Use the external clock of 1MHz or less with a duty cycle of 50%. The serial I/O timing is shown in Figure 11. When using an external clock for transfer, the external clock must be held at “H” for initializing the serial I/O counter. When switching between an internal clock and an external clock, do not switch during transfer. Also, be sure to initialize the serial I/O counter after switching. 7 0 Serial I/O mode register (SM : address 00DC16) 0 Internal synchronizing clock selection bits b1 b0 0 0 : f(XIN)/4 0 1 : f(XIN)/16 1 0 : f(XIN)/32 1 1 : f(XIN)/64 Synchronizing clock selection bit 0 : External clock 1 : Internal clock Serial I/O port selection bit 0 : P20, P21 functions as port 1 : SCLK, SOUT Fix this bit to “0.” Transfer direction selection bit 0 : LSB first 1 : MSB first Notes 1: On programming, note that the serial I/O counter is set by writing to the serial I/O register with the bit managing instructions as SEB and CLB instructions. 2: When an external clock is used as the synchronizing clock, write transmit data to the serial I/O register at “H” of the transfer clock input level. Serial input pin selection bit 0 : Input signal from SIN pin 1 : Input signal from SOUT pin Fig. 10. Structure of serial I/O mode register Synchroninzing clock Transfer clock Serial I/O register write signal Serial I/O output SOUT (Note) D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 Serial I/O input SIN Interrupt request bit is set to “1” Note : When an internal clock is selected, the SOUT pin is at high-impedance after transfer is completed. Fig. 11. Serial I/O timing (for LSB first) 17 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER Serial I/O Common Transmission/Reception Mode By writing “1” to bit 6 of the serial I/O mode register, signals SIN and SOUT are switched internally to be able to transmit or receive the serial data. Figure 12 shows signals on serial I/O common transmission/reception mode. Note: When receiving the serial data after writing “FF16” to the serial I/O register. P20/SCLK Clock P21/SOUT “1” Serial I/O shift register (8) P22/SIN “0” SM6 SM: Serial I/O mode register Fig. 12. Signals on serial I/O common transmission/reception mode 18 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER PWM OUTPUT FUNCTION (4) Operating of 14-bit PWM The M37220M3-XXXSP is equipped with a 14-bit PWM (DA) and six 8-bit PWMs (PWM0–PWM5). DA has a 14-bit resolution with the minimum resolution bit width of 0.25µs (for f(XIN) = 8 MHz) and a repeat period of 4096µs. PWM0–PWM5 have the same circuit structure and an 8-bit resolution with minimum resolution bit width of 4µs (for f(XIN) = 8 MHz) and repeat period of 1024µs. Figure 13 shows the PWM block diagram. The PWM timing generating circuit applies individual control signals to PWM0–PWM5 using f(XIN) divided by 2 as a reference signal. As with 8-bit PWM, set the bit 0 of the PWM output control register 1 (address 00D516) to “0” (at reset, bit 0 is already set to “0” automatically), so that the PWM count source is supplied. Next, select the output polarity by bit 2 of the PWM output control register 2 (address 00D6 16). Then, the 14-bit PWM outputs from the D-A output pin by setting bit 1 of the PWM output control register 1 to “0” (at reset, this bit already set to “0” automatically) to select the DA output. The output example of the 14-bit PWM is shown in Figure 15. The 14-bit PWM divides the data of the DA latch into the low-order 6 bits and the high-order 8 bits. The fundamental waveform is determined with the high-order 8-bit data “D H.” A “H” level area with a length τ ✕ DH (“H” level area of fundamental waveform) is output every short area of “t” = 256τ = 64µs (τ is the minimum resolution bit width of 0.25µs). The “H” level area increase interval (tm) is determined with the low-order 6-bit data “DL .” The “H” level are of smaller intervals “tm” shown in Table 2 is longer by τ than that of other smaller intervals in PWM repeat period “T” = 64t. Thus, a rectangular waveform with the different “H” width is output from the D-A pin. Accordingly, the PWM output changes by τ unit pulse width by changing the contents of the DA-H and DA-L registers. A length of entirely “H” output cannot be output, i. e. 256/ 256. (1) Data Setting When outputting DA, first set the high-order 8 bits to the DA-H register (address 00CE16 ), then the low-order 6 bits to the DA-L register (address 00CF16). When outputting PWM0–PWM5, set 8-bit output data in the PWMi register (i means 0 to 5; addresses 00D016 to 00D416, 00F616 ). (2) Transmitting Data from Register to PWM circuit Data transfer from the 8-bit PWM register to 8-bit PWM circuit is executed at writing data to the register. The signal output from the 8-bit PWM output pin corresponds to the contents of this register. Also, data transfer from the DA register (addresses 00CE16 and 00CF16) to the 14-bit PWM circuit is executed at writing data to the DA-L register (address 00CF16 ). Reading from the DA-H register (address 00CE16) means reading this transferred data. Accordingly, it is possible to confirm the data being output from the D-A output pin by reading the DA register. (5) Output after Reset At reset, the output of port P00–P05 is in the high-impedance state, and the contents of the PWM register and the PWM circuit are undefined. Note that after reset, the PWM output is undefined until setting the PWM register. (3) Operating of 8-bit PWM The following is the explanation about PWM operation. At first, set the bit 0 of PWM output control register 1 (address 00D516) to “0” (at reset, bit 0 is already set to “0” automatically), so that the PWM count source is supplied. PWM0–PWM5 are also used as pins P00–P0 5 respectively. For PWM0–PWM5, set the corresponding bits of the port P0 direction register to “1” (output mode). And select each output polarity by bit 3 of the PWM output control register 2(address 00D616 ). Then, set bits 2 to 7 of the PWM output control register 1 to “1” (PWM output). The PWM waveform is output from the PWM output pins by setting these registers. Figure 14 shows the 8-bit PWM timing. One cycle (T) is composed of 256 (28) segments. The 8 kinds of pulses relative to the weight of each bit (bits 0 to 7) are output inside the circuit during 1 cycle. Refer to Figure 14 (a). The 8-bit PWM outputs waveform which is the logical sum (OR) of pulses corresponding to the contents of bits 0 to 7 of the 8-bit PWM register. Several examples are shown in Figure 14 (b). 256 kinds of output (“H” level area: 0/256 to 255/256) are selected by changing the contents of the PWM register. A length of entirely “H” output cannot be output, i.e. 256/256. 19 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER Table 2. Relation between the low-order 6-bit data and high-level area increase interval Low-order 6 bits of data Area longer by τ than that of other tm (m = 0 to 63) LSB 000000 000001 Nothing 000010 m = 16, 48 000100 m = 8, 24, 40, 56 001000 m = 4, 12, 20, 28, 36, 44, 52, 60 010000 m = 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, 38, 42, 46, 50, 54, 58, 62 100000 m = 1, 3, 5, 7, ................................ 57, 59, 61, 63 m = 32 Data bus DA-H register (Address : 00CE16) b7 b0 DA-L register (Note) (Address : 00CF16) DA latch (14 bits) MSB LSB 6 8 14 6 PN2 PN4 DA D-A 14-bit PWM circuit PW1 PWM timing generating circuit 1/2 XIN PW0 PWM register (Address : 00D016) b7 b0 8 PN3 P00 D00 PWM0 PW2 P01 D01 PWM1 D02 PWM2 D03 PWM3 D04 PWM4 D05 PWM5 8-bit PWM circuit PWM1 register (Address : 00D116) Selection gate : Connected to black colored side when reset. P02 PWM2 register (Address : 00D216) is as same contents P0 : Port P0 register PWM3 register (Address : 00D316) PN : PWM output control register 2 PWM4 register (Address : 00D416) PW6 P05 PWM5 register (Address : 00F616) Note: The DA-L register also functions as the low-order 6 bits of the DA latch. 20 PW5 P04 D0 : Port P0 direction register PW : PWM output control register 1 Fig. 13. PWM block diagram PW4 P03 Pass gate Inside of with the others. PW3 PW7 FF16 (255) 1816 (24) 0116 (1) 0016 (0) Bit 0 Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4 Bit 5 Bit 6 Bit 7 t 2 4 8 30 24 28 40 44 52 60 64 76 110 120 130 140 150 96 100 104 112 108 120 116 124 128 136 132 144 140 152 148 160 156 (b) Example of 8-bit PWM t = 4 s T = 1024 s f(XIN) = 8 MHz T = 256 t (a) Pulses showing the weight of each bit 88 100 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 255 160 164 168 172 176 180 184 188 192 196 200 212 208 204 216 224 220 228 232 244 240 236 248 252 94 98 102 106 110 114 118 122 126 130 134 138 142 146 150 154 158 162 166 170 174 178 182 186 190 194 198 202 206 210 214 218 222 226 230 234 238 242 246 250 254 92 90 90 PWM output 80 84 82 86 80 74 78 72 70 70 68 62 66 60 58 56 50 54 50 48 42 46 40 38 36 34 32 22 26 30 20 20 18 16 14 12 6 10 13 5 7 9 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER Fig. 14. 8-bit PWM timing 21 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER Set “2816” to DA-L register. Set “2C16” to DA-H register. b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 [DA-H 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 DH register] 1 [DA-L register] 0 1 0 0 0 DL Undefined At writing of DA-L At writing of DA-L b13 [DA latch] 0 b6 b5 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 These bits decide “H” level area of fundamental waveform. “H” level area of fundamental waveform Fundamental waveform = Minimum resolution bit width 0.25µs ✕ 1 b0 0 1 0 0 0 These bits decide smaller interval “tm” in which “H” leval area is [“H” level area of fundamental waveform + τ ]. High-order 8-bit value of DA latch Waveform of smaller interval “tm” specified by low-order 6 bits 0.25 µs✕44 0.25 µs✕45 0.25 µs 14-bit PWM output 2C 2B 2A … 03 02 01 00 14-bit PWM output 2C 2B 2A … 03 02 01 00 8-bit counter 8-bit counter FF FE FD … D6 D5 D4 D3 … 02 01 00 FF FE FD … D6 D5 D4 D3 … 02 01 00 Fundamental waveform of smaller interval “tm” which is not specified by low-order 6 bits is not changed. τ = 0.25 µs 0.25 µs✕44 14-bit PWM output t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t59 DA latch of Low-order 6-bit output Repeat period T = 4096 µs Fig. 15. 14-bit PWM output example (f(XIN)= 8 MHz) 22 t60 t61 t62 t63 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER 7 0 7 PWM output control register 1 (PW: address 00D516) 0 PWM output control register 2 (PN: address 00D616) DA, PWM count source selection bit 0 : Count source supply 1 : Count source stop DA/PN4 output selection bit 0 : DA output 1 : PN4 output P00/PWM0 output selection bit 0 : P00 output 1 : PWM0 output P01/PWM1 output selection bit 0 : P01 output 1 : PWM1 output P02/PWM2 output selection bit 0 : P02 output 1 : PWM2 output DA output polarity selection bit 0 : Positive polarity 1 : Negative polarity PWM output polarity selection bit 0 : Positive polarity 1 : Negative polarity DA general-purpose output bit 0 : Output “L” 1 : Output “H” P03/PWM3 output selection bit 0 : P03 output 1 : PWM3 output P04/PWM4 output selection bit 0 : P04 output 1 : PWM4 output P05/PWM5 output selection bit 0 : P05 output 1 : PWM5 output Fig. 16. Structure of PWM-related registers 23 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER A-D COMPARATOR A-D comparator consists of 6-bit D-A converter and comparator. A-D comparator block diagram is shown in Figure 19. The reference voltage “Vref” for D-A conversion is set by bits 0 to 5 of the A-D control register 2 (address 00EF16). The comparison result of the analog input voltage and the reference voltage “Vref” is stored in bit 4 of the A-D control register 1 (address 00EE16). For A-D comparison, set “0” to corresponding bits of the direction register to use ports as analog input pins. Write the data for select of analog input pins to bits 0 to 2 of the A-D control register 1 and write the digital value corresponding to Vref to be compared to the bits 0 to 5 of the A-D control register 2. The voltage comparison starts by writing to the A-D control register 2, and it is completed after 16 machine cycles (NOP instruction ✕ 8). 7 0 7 AAAAAA AAAAAA A-D control register 2 (AD2: address 00EF16) D-A converter set bits Refer to Table 3. Fig.18. Structure of A-D control register 2 0 A-D control register 1 (AD1: address 00EE16) Table 3. Relation between contents of A-D control register 2 and reference voltage “Vref” Analog input pin selection bits … … Reference voltage “Vref” 1/128 VCC 3/128 VCC 5/128 VCC … Bit 0 0 1 0 … Storage bit of comparison result 0 : Input voltage < reference voltage 1 : Input voltage > reference voltage A-D control register 2 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 … Bit 5 0 0 0 b0 0 : A-D1 1 : A-D2 0 : A-D3 1 : A-D4 0 : A-D5 1 : A-D6 0: Do not set. 1: … b1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 … b2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 123/128 VCC 125/128 VCC 127/128 VCC Fig. 17. Structure of A-D control register 1 Data bus A-D control register 1 Bits 0 to 2 P15/A-D1/INT3 P16/A-D2 P17/A-D3 P06/INT2/A-D4 P30/A-D5/DA1 P31/A-D6/DA2 Comparator control A-D control register 1 Analog signal switch Comparator Bit 4 Bit 5 A-D control register 2 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Switch tree Resistor ladder Fig. 19. A-D comparator block diagram 24 Bit 1 Bit 0 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER D-A CONVERTER 7 The M37220M3-XXXSP has 2 D-A converters with 6-bit resolution. D-A converter block diagram is shown in Figure 22. D-A conversion is performed by setting the value in the DA conversion register. The result of D-A conversion is output from the DA pin by setting “1” to the DA output enable bit of the port P3 output mode control register (bits 2 and 3 at address 00CD16). The output analog voltage V is determined with the value n (n: decimal number) in the DA conversion register. V = VCC ✕ 0 Port P3 output mode control register (P3S: address 00CD16) P30 output structure selection bit 0 : CMOS output 1 : N-channel open-drain output P31 output structure selection bit 0 : CMOS output 1 : N-channel open-drain output n (n = 0 to 63) 64 The DA output does not build in a buffer, so connect an external buffer when driving a low-impedance load. DA1 output enable bit 0 : P30 input/output 1 : DA1 output DA2 output enable bit 0 : P31 input/output 1 : DA2 output Fig.21. Structure of port P3 output mode register Table 4. Relation between contents of D-A conversion register and output voltage 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 Fig. 20 Structure of D-A converter register Output voltage “V” 0/64 V CC 1/64 V CC 2/64 V CC … … Fix this bit to “0.” Bit 0 0 1 0 … DA conversion set bits Refer to Table 4. D-A conversion register Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 … AAAAA AAAAA Bit 5 0 0 0 … DA1 conversion register (DA1: address 00DE16) DA2 conversion register (DA2: address 00DF16) … 0 … 0 7 61/64 VCC 62/64 VCC 63/64VCC Data bus DA1 conversion register 6 DA2 conversion register (address 00DE16) Resistor ladder DA1 output enable bit P30/A-D5/DA1 6 (address 00DF16) Resistor ladder DA2 output enable bit P31/A-D6/DA2 Fig. 22. D-A converter block diagram 25 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER CRT DISPLAY FUNCTIONS 12 dots (1) Outline of CRT Display Functions Table 5 outlines the CRT display functions of the M37220M3-XXXSP. The M37220M3-XXXSP incorporates a CRT display control circuit of 20 characters ✕ 2 lines. CRT display is controlled by the CRT control register. Up to 128 kinds of characters can be displayed. The colors can be specified for each character and up to 4 kinds of colors can be displayed on one screen. A combination of up to 7 colors can be obtained by using each output signal (R, G, and B). Characters are displayed in a 12 ✕ 16 dots configuration to obtain smooth character patterns (refer to Figure 23). The following shows the procedure how to display characters on the CRT screen. ➀ Write the display character code in the display RAM. ➁ Specify the display color by using the color register. ➂ Write the color register in which the display color is set in the display RAM. ➃ Specify the vertical position by using the vertical position register. ➄ Specify the character size by using the character size register. ➅ Specify the horizontal position by using the horizontal position register. ➆ Write the display enable bit to the designated block display flag of the CRT control register. When this is done, the CRT display starts according to the input of the VSYNC signal. The CRT display circuit has an extended display mode. This mode allows multiple lines (3 lines or more) to be displayed on the screen by interrupting the display each time one line is displayed and rewriting data in the block for which display is terminated by software. Figure 24 shows the structure of the CRT display control register. Figure 25 shows the block diagram of the CRT display control circuit. 16 dots Fig. 23. CRT display character configuration 7 0 CRT control register (CC: address 00EA16) Table 5. Outline of CRT display functions Parameter Number of display characters Dot structure Kinds of characters Kinds of character sizes Kinds of colors Color Coloring unit Display expansion Raster coloring Functions 24 characters ✕ 2 lines 12 ✕ 16 dots (refer to Figure 23) 128 kinds 3 kinds 1 screen: 4 kinds, maximum 7 kinds A character Possible (multiline display) Possible (maximum 7 kinds) All-blocks display control bit (Note) 0 : All-blocks display off 1 : All-blocks display on Block 1 display control bit 0 : Block 1 display off 1 : Block 1 display on Block 2 display control bit 0 : Block 2 display off 1 : Block 2 display on Note: Display is controlled by logical product (AND) between the all-blocks diplay control bit and each block display control bit. Fig. 24. Structure of CRT control register 26 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER OSC1 OSC2 HSYNC VSYNC (Address 00EA16) CRT control register Display oscillation circuit (Addresses 00E116, 00E216) Vertical position registers (Address 00E416) Character size register Display position control circuit (Address 00E016) Horizontal position register (Address 00E516) Border selection register Display control circuit RAM for display 9 bits ✕ 20 ✕ 2 ROM for display 12 bits ✕ 16 ✕ 128 (Addresses 00E616 to 00E916) Color registers Shift register 12 bits Shift register 12 bits (Address 00EC16) Output circuit CRT port control register Data bus R G B OUT Fig. 25. Block diagram of CRT display control circuit 27 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER Block 2 is displayed after the display of block 1 is completed (refer to Figure 26 (a)). Accordingly, if the display of block 2 starts during the display of block 1, only block 1 is displayed. Similarly, when multiline display, block 1 is displayed after the display of block 2 is completed (refer to Figure 26 (b)). The vertical position can be specified from 128-step positions (4 scanning lines per a step) for each block by setting values “0016” to “7F16” to bits 0 to 6 in the vertical position register (addresses 00E116 and 00E2 16). Figure 28 shows the structure of the vertical position register. (2) Display Position The display positions of characters are specified in units called a “block.” There are 2 blocks, block 1 and block 2. Up to 20 characters can be displayed in each block (refer to (4) Memory for display). The display position of each block can be set in both horizontal and vertical directions by software. The display position in the horizontal direction can be selected for all blocks in common from 64-step display positions in units of 4TC (TC = oscillating cycle for display). The display position in the vertical direction for each block can be selected from 128-step display positions in units of 4 scanning lines. (HR) CV1 Block 1 CV2 Block 2 (a) Example when each block is separated CV1 Block 1 CV2 Block 2 No display Block 1 (second) No display CV1 (b) Example when block 2 overlaps with block 1 Fig. 26. Display position 28 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER The display position in the vertical direction is determined by counting the horizontal sync signal (HSYNC). At this time, it starts to count the rising edge (falling edge) of HSYNC signal from after about 1 machine cycle of rising edge (falling edge) of V SYNC signal. So interval from rising edge (falling edge) of VSYNC signal to rising edge (falling edge) of HSYNC signal needs enough time (2 machine cycles or more) for avoiding jitter. The polarity of HSYNC and VSYNC signals can select with the CRT port control register (address 00EC 16). For details. refer to (8) CRT Output Pin Control. Note: When bits 0 and 1 of the CRT port control register (address 00EC16 ) are set to “1” (negative polarity), the vertical position is determined by counting falling edge of HSYNC signal after rising edge of VSYNC control signal in the microcomputer (refer to Figure 27). VSYNC signal input 0.125 to 0.25 [µs] ( at f(XIN) = 8MHz) VSYNC control signal in microcomputer 7 0 Vertical position registers 1, 2 (CV1 : address 00E116) (CV2 : address 00E216) Vertical display start positions 128 steps from “0016” to “7F16” Fig. 28. Structure of vertical position register The horizontal position is common to all blocks, and can be set in 64 steps (where 1 step is 4TC , TC being the display oscillation period) as values “0016 ” to “3F16 ” in bits 0 to 5 of the horizontal position register (address 00E016 ). The structure of the horizontal position register is shown in Figure 29. Period of counting HSYNC signal (Note) HSYNC signal input 7 1 2 3 4 5 0 Horizontal position register (HR : address 00E016) Not count When bits 0 and 1 of the CRT port control register (address 00EC16) are set to “1” (negative polarity) Note: Do not generate falling edge of HSYNC signal near rising edge of VSYNC control signal in microcomputer to avoid jitter. Horizontal display start positions 64 steps from “0016” to “3F16” (1 step is 4TC) Fig. 29. Structure of horizontal position register Fig. 27. Supplement explanation for display position 29 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER (3) Character Size The size of characters to be displayed can be from 3 sizes for each block. Use the character size register (address 00E416) to set a character size. The character size of block 1 can be specified by using bits 0 and 1 of the character size register; the character size of block 2 can be specified by using bits 2 and 3. Figure 30 shows the structure of the character size register. The character size can be selected from 3 sizes: minimum size, medium size and large size. Each character size is determined by the number of scanning lines in the height (vertical) direction and the oscillating cycle for display (TC ) in the width (horizontal) direction. The minimum size consists of [1 scanning line] ✕ [1TC ]; the medium size consists of [2 scanning lines] ✕ [2TC]; and the large size consists of [3 scanning lines] ✕ [3TC ]. Table 6 shows the relation between the set values in the character size register and the character sizes. 7 0 Character size register (CS : address 00E416) Character size of block 1 selection bits 0 0 : Minimum size 0 1 : Medium size 1 0 : Large size 1 1 : Do not set. Character size of block 2 selection bits 0 0 : Minimum size 0 1 : Medium size 1 0 : Large size 1 1 : Do not set. Fig. 30. Structure of character size register Minimum Medium Large Horizontal display start position Fig. 31. Display start position of each character size (horizontal direction) Table 6. Relation between set values in character size register and character sizes Set values of character size register CSn1 0 0 1 1 CSn0 0 1 0 1 Character size Width (horizontal) direction TC: oscillating cycle for display Height (vertical) direction scanning lines Minimum Medium Large 1TC 2TC 3TC This is not available 1 2 3 Note: The display start position in the horizontal direction is not affected by the character size. In other words, the horizontal display start position is common to all blocks even when the character size varies with each block (refer to Figure 31). 30 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER (4) Memory for Display There are 2 types of memory for display : CRT display ROM (addresses 10000 16 to 10FFF 16) used to store character dot data (masked) and CRT display RAM (addresses 060016 to 06B316) used to specify the colors of characters to be displayed. The following describes each type of display memory. ➀ ROM for display (addresses 1000016 to 10FFF16 ) The CRT display ROM contains dot pattern data for characters to be displayed. For characters stored in this ROM to be actually displayed, it is necessary to specify them by writing the character code inherent to each character (code determined based on the addresses in the CRT display ROM) into the CRT display RAM. The character code list is shown in Table 7. b7 10XX016 10XXF16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 The CRT display ROM has a capacity of 4K bytes. Since 32 bytes are required for 1 character data, the ROM can stores up to 128 kinds of characters. The CRT display ROM space is broadly divided into 2 areas. The [vertical 16 dots] ✕ [horizontal (left side) 8 dots] data of display characters are stored in addresses 1000016 to 107FF16 ; the [vertical 16 dots] ✕ [horizontal (right side) 4 dots] data of display characters are stored in addresses 1080016 to 10FFF16 (refer to Figure 32). Note however that the high-order 4 bits in the data to be written to addresses 1080016 to 10FFF16 must be set to “1” (by writing data “FX16”). b7 b0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 10XX016 +80016 10XXF16 +80016 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 b3 b0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fig. 32. Display character stored data 31 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER Table 7. Character code list (partially abbreviated) Character code 0016 0116 0216 0316 : 7E16 7F16 Character data storage address Left 8 dots lines Right 4 dots lines 10000 16 1080016 to to 1000F16 1080F 16 10010 16 1081016 to to 1001F16 1081F 16 10020 16 1082016 to to 1002F16 1082F 16 10030 16 10830 16 to to 1003F16 1083F16 : : 107E016 to 107EF16 107F016 to 107FF16 ➁ RAM for display (addresses 060016 to 06B3 16) The CRT display RAM is allocated at addresses 060016 to 06B316, and is divided into a display character code specification part and display color specification part for each block. Table 8 shows the contents of the CRT display RAM. For example, to display 1 character position (the left edge) in block 1, write the character code in address 0600 16 and write the color register No. to the low-order 2 bits (bits 0 and 1) in address 068016. The color register No. to be written here is one of the 4 color registers in which the color to be displayed is set in advance. For details on color registers, refer to (5) Color Registers. The structure of the CRT display RAM is shown in Figure 33. 10FE016 to 10FEF16 10FF016 to 10FFF16 Table 8. Contents of CRT display RAM Block Display position (from left) Block 1 1st character 2nd character 3rd character : 18nd character 19rd character 20th character Not used Block 2 32 1st character 2nd character 3rd character : 18nd character 19rd character 20th character Character code specification 060016 060116 060216 : 061116 061216 061316 061416 to 061F 16 062016 062116 062216 : 063116 063216 063316 Color specification 068016 068116 068216 : 069116 069216 069316 069416 to 069F 16 06A016 06A116 06A216 : 06B116 06B216 06B316 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER Block 1 [Character specification] 7 0 1st character : 060016 to 20th character : 061316 Character code Specify 128 characters (“0016” to “7F16”) [Color specification] 1st character : 068016 1 0 to 20th character : 069316 Color register specification 0 0 : Specifying color register 0 0 1 : Specifying color register 1 1 0 : Specifying color register 2 1 1 : Specifying color register 3 Block 2 [Character specification] 1st character : 062016 7 0 to 20th character : 063316 Character code Specify 128 characters (“0016” to “7F16”) [Color specification] 1st character : 06A016 1 0 to 20th character : 06B316 Color register specification 0 0 : Specifying color register 0 0 1 : Specifying color register 1 1 0 : Specifying color register 2 1 1 : Specifying color register 3 Fig. 33. Structure of CRT display RAM 33 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER (5) Color Registers The color of a displayed character can be specified by setting the color to one of the 4 registers (CO0 to CO3: addresses 00E616 to 00E916) and then specifying that color register with the CRT display RAM. There are 3 color outputs; R, G and B. By using a combination of these outputs, it is possible to set 23 –1 (when no output) = 7 colors. However, since only 4 color registers are available, up to 4 colors can be disabled at one time. R, G and B outputs are set by using bits 1 to 3 in the color register. Bit 5 is used to specify whether a character output or blank output. Figure 34 shows the structure of the color register. 7 0 Color register 0, 1, 2, 3 (CO0 : address 00E616) (CO1 : address 00E716) (CO2 : address 00E816) (CO3 : address 00E916) B signal output selection bit 0 : No character is output 1 : Character is output G signal output selection bit 0 : No character is output 1 : Character is output R signal output selection bit 0 : No character is output 1 : Character is output OUT signal output control bit 0 : Character is output 1 : Blank is output Fig. 34. Structure of color registers 34 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER (6) Character Border Function An border of 1 clock (1 dot) equivalent size can be added to a character to be displayed in both horizontal and vertical directions. The border is output from the OUT pin. In this case, set bit 5 of a color register to “0” (character is output). Border can be specified in units of block by using the border selection register (address 00E5 16). Figure 35 shows the structure of the border selection register. Table 9 shows the relationship between the values set in the border selection register and the character border function. 7 0 Border selection register (MD : address 00E516) Block 1 OUT output border selection bit 0 : Same output as R, G, B is output 1 : Border output Block 2 OUT output border selection bit 0 : Same output as R, G, B is output 1 : Border output Fig. 36. Example of border Fig. 35. Structure of border selection register Table 9. Relationship between set value in border selection register and character border function Border selection register MDn0 Functions 0 Ordinary R, G, B output OUT output 1 Border including character R, G, B output OUT output Example of output 35 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER (7) Multiline Display The M37220M3-XXXSP can ordinarily display 2 lines on the CRT screen by displaying 2 blocks at different vertical positions. In addition, it can display up to 16 lines by using CRT interrupts. A CRT interrupt request occurs at the point at which display of each block has been completed. In other words, when a scanning line reaches the point of the display position (specified by the vertical position registers) of a certain block, the character display of that block starts, and an interrupt occurs at the point at which the scanning line exceeds the block. Note: A CRT interrupt does not occur at the end of display when the block is not displayed. In other words, if a block is set to off display with the display control bit of the CRT control register (address 00EA 16), a CRT interrupt request does not occur (refer to Figure 37). Block 1 (on display) “CRT interrupt request” Block 2 (on display) “CRT interrupt request” Block 1' (on display) “CRT interrupt request” Block 2' (on display) “CRT interrupt request” On display (CRT interrupt request occurs at the end of block display) Block 1 (on display) “CRT interrupt request” Block 2 (on display) “CRT interrupt request” Block 1' (off display) No “CRT interrupt request” Block 2' (off display) No “CRT interrupt request” Off display (CRT interrupt request does not occur at the end of block display) Fig. 37. Timing of CRT interrupt request 36 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER (8) CRT Output Pin Control The CRT output pins R, G, B, and OUT can also function as ports P52, P53, P54 and P55 . Set the corresponding bit of the port P5 direction register (address 00CB16 ) to “0” to specify these pins as CRT output pins, or set it to “1” to specify it as a general-purpose port P5 pins. The input polarity of signals HSYNC and VSYNC and output polarity of signals R, G, B, and OUT can be specified with the bits of the CRT port control register (address 00EC 16 ) . Set a bit to “0” to specify positive polarity; set it to “1” to specify negative polarity. The structure of the CRT port control register is shown in Figure 38. (9) Raster Coloring Function An entire screen (raster) can be colored by setting the bits 5 to 7 of the CRT port control register. Since each of the R, G, and B pins can be switched to raster coloring output, 7 raster colors can be obtained. If the R, G, and B pins have been set to MUTE signal output, a raster coloring signal is output in the part except a no-raster colored character (in Figure 39, a character “O”) during 1 horizontal scanning period. This ensures that character colors do not mix with the raster color. In this case, MUTE signal is output from the OUT pin. An example in which a magenta character “I” and a red character “O” are displayed with blue raster coloring is shown in Figure 39. 7 0 CRT port control register (CRTP : address 00EC16) HSYNC input polarity switch bit 0 : Positive polarity 1 : Negative polarity VSYNC input polarity switch bit 0 : Positive polarity 1 : Negative polarity R, G, B output polarity switch bit 0 : Positive polarity 1 : Negative polarity OUT output polarity switch bit 0 : Positive polarity 1 : Negative polarity R signal output switch bit 0 : R signal output 1 : MUTE signal output AA AAAAA AA A AA AAAAA AA A AA AAAAA AA AA AAAAA “RED” “BLUE” A HSYNC R B G signal output switch bit 0 : G signal output 1 : MUTE signal output B signal output switch bit 0 : B signal output 1 : MUTE signal output A' Fig. 38. Structure of CRT port control register Signals across A – A' OUT Fig. 39. Example of raster coloring 37 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER (10) Clock for Display As a clock for display to be used for CRT display, it is possible to select one of the following 4 types. Main clock supplied from the XIN pin Main clock supplied from the XIN pin divided by 1.5 Clock from the LC or RC supplied from the pins OSC1 and OSC2. Clock from the ceramic resonator or quartz-crystal oscillator supplied from the pins OSC1 and OSC2. This clock for display can be selected for each block by the CRT clock selection register (address 00ED16). When selecting the main clock, set the oscillation frequency to 8 MHz. • • • • 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CRT clock selection register (CK : address 00ED16) Display clock selection bits Refer to Table 10. Fix these bits to “0.” Fig. 40. Structure of CRT clock selection register Table 10. Set value of CRT clock selection register and clock for display b1 b0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 Functions The clock for display is supplied by connecting RC or LC across the pins OSC1 and OSC2. CRT oscillation frequency = Since the main clock is used as the clock for display, the oscillation frequency is limited. Because f(XIN) of this, the character size in width (horizontal) direction is also limited. In this case, pins OSC1 CRT oscillation frequency = and OSC2 are also used as input ports P33 and P34 respectively. f(XIN)/1.5 The clock for display is supplied by connecting the following across the pins OSC1 and OSC2. • a ceramic resonator only for CRT display and a feedback resistor • a quartz-crystal oscillator only for CRT display and a feedback resistor (Note) Note: It is necessary to connect other ceramic resonator or quartz-crystal oscillator across the pins XIN and XOUT. 38 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER or a ceramic resonator is stable and then returned to “H” level. The internal state of microcomputer at reset are shown in Figure 43. An example of the reset circuit is shown in Figure 42. The reset input voltage must be kept 0.6 V or less until the power source voltage surpasses 4.5 V. RESET CIRCUIT The M37220M3-XXXSP is reset according to the sequence shown in Figure 41. It starts the program from the address formed by using the content of address FFFF 16 as the high-order address and the content of the address FFFE16 as the low-order address, when the RESET pin is held at “L” level for 2 µs or more while the power source voltage is 5 V ± 10 % and the oscillation of a quartz-crystal oscillator XIN φ RESET Internal RESET SYNC Address ? 01, S ? 01, S-1 01, S-2 FFFE FFFF ADH, ADL Reset address from the vector table ? Data 32768 count of XIN clock cycle (Note 3) ? ? ? ? ADL ADH Notes 1 : f(XIN) and f( φ ) are in the relation : f(XIN) = 2·f ( φ ). 2 : A question mark (?) indicates an undefined state that depends on the previous state. 3 : Immediately after a reset, timer 3 and timer 4 are connected in hardware. At this time, “FF16” is set in timer 3 and “0716” is set to timer 4. Timer 3 counts down with f(XIN)/16, and reset state is released by the timer 4 overflow signal. Fig. 41. Reset sequence Poweron 4.5 V Power source voltage 0 V 0.6 V Reset input voltage 0 V 22 Vcc 1 5 25 M51953AL RESET 4 3 0.1 µF 21 Vss M37220M3-XXXSP Fig. 42. Example of reset circuit 39 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER Address Contents of register Port P0 direction register (00C116) 00 16 Address Contents of register Port P1 direction register (00C316) Port P2 direction register (00C516) Port P3 direction register (00C716) Port P5 (00CA16) ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ Port P5 direction register (00CB16) 0 0 0 0 Timer 1 (00F016) CRT control register (00EA16) 00 16 CRT port control register (00EC16) 00 16 CRT clock selection register (00ED16) A-D control register 1 (00EE16) A-D control register 2 (00EF16) 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 ✽ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 FF16 Port P3 output mode control register (00CD16) 0 0 0 0 Timer 2 (00F116) 07 16 DA-L register (00CF16) ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ Timer 3 (00F216) FF16 PWM output control register 1 (00D516) 00 16 Timer 4 (00F316) 07 16 0 0 0 Timer 12 mode register (00F416) 0 0 0 0 0 Timer 34 mode register (00F516) 0 0 0 0 0 0 Interrupt input polarity register (00F916) 0 0 0 CPU mode register (00FB16) PWM output control register 2 (00D616) Serial I/O mode register (00DC16) DA1 conversion register (00DE16) ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ DA2 conversion register ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ Horizontal register (00DF16) (00E016) 0 0 0 0 0 0 Vertical position register 1 (00E116) ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ Vertical position register 2 (00E216) ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ Character size register (00E416) ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ Border selection register (00E516) 0 0 0 0 0 0 ✽ (00E616) 0 Color register 1 (00E716) 0 0 0 0 Color register 2 (00E816) 0 0 0 0 Color register 3 (00E916) 0 0 0 0 Color register 0 0 0 0 Interrupt request register 1 (00FC16) Interrupt request register 2 (00FD16) Interrupt control register 1 (00FE16) Interrupt control register 2 (00FF16) ✽ Processor status register Program counter Note : The contents of all other registers and RAM are undefined at reset, so their initial values. ✽ : Undefined : Unused bit Fig. 43. Internal state of microcomputer at reset 40 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 (PS) ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ 1 ✽ ✽ (PCH) Contents of addressFFFF16 (PCL) Contents of addressFFFE16 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER Ports P00–P05, P32 N-channel open drain output Direction register Port P0 0–P05, P3 2 Port latch Data bus Note: Each port is also used as below: P00–P05 : PWM0–PWM5 Ports P1, P2, P30, P31 Direction register CMOS output Data bus Port latch Port P1, P2, P30, P3 1 Note: Each port is also used as below: P15 : A-D1/INT3 P16 : A-D2 P17 : A-D3 P23 : TIM3 P20 : SCLK P24 : TIM2 P21 : SOUT P30 : A-D5/DA1 P22 : SIN P31 : A-D6/DA2 Ports P06, P07 N-channel open-drain output Direction register Port P0 6, P07 Data bus Port latch Note: Each port is also used as below: P06 : INT2/A-D4 P07 : INT1 Fig. 44. I/O pin block diagram (1) 41 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER HSYNC, VSYNC D-A, R, G, B, OUT Schmidt input Data bus CMOS output HSYNC, VSYNC Data bus D-A, R, G, B, OUT Note: Each pin is also used as below: R : P52 G : P53 B : P54 OUT : P55 Fig. 45. I/O pin block diagram (2) 42 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER CLOCK GENERATING CIRCUIT The built-in clock generating circuit is shown in Figure 48. When the STP instruction is executed, the internal clock stops at “H” level. At the same time, timers 3 and 4 are connected in hardware and “FF16” is set in the timer 3, “0716” is set in the timer 4. Select f(X IN)/16 as the timer 3 count source (set bit 0 of the timer 34 mode register to “0” before the execution of the STP instruction). And besides, set the timer 3 and timer 4 interrupt enable bits to disabled (“0”) before execution of the STP instruction). The oscillator restarts when external interrupt is accepted, however, the internal clock keeps its “H” level until timer 4 overflows. Because this allows time for oscillation stabilizing when a ceramic resonator or a quartz-crystal oscillator is used. When the WIT instruction is executed, the internal clock stops in the “H” level but the oscillator continues running. This wait state is released when an interrupt is accepted (Note). Since the oscillator does not stop, the next instruction can be executed at once. When returning from the stop or the wait state, to accept an interrupt, set the corresponding interrupt enable bit to “1” before executing the STP or the WIT instructions. M 37220M 3-XXXSP X IN XO U T 19 20 C IN C O UT Fig. 46. Ceramic resonator circuit example M37220M3-XXXSP Note: In the wait mode, the following interrupts are invalid. (1) VSYNC interrupt (2) CRT interrupt (3) f(X IN)/4096 interrupt (4) Timer 1 interrupt using f(XIN)/4096 as count source (5) Timer 2 interrupt using P24/TIM2 pin input as count source (6) Timer 3 interrupt using P23/TIM3 pin input as count source (7) Timer 4 interrupt using f(XIN)/2 as count source (8) Multi-master I2C-BUS interface interrupt XIN 19 Vcc External oscillation circuit Vss Fig. 47. External clock input circuit example The circuit example using a ceramic resonator (or a quartz-crystal oscillator) is shown in Figure 46. Use the circuit constants in accordance with the resonator manufacture’s recommended values. The circuit example with external clock input is shown in Figure 47. Input the clock to the XIN pin, and open the XOUT pin. Interrupt request S Interrupt disable flag I S Q Q Reset S Q Reset STP instruction Selection gate : Connected to black colored side at reset. WIT instruction R R R T34M : Timer 34 mode register STP instruction Internal clock 1/2 1/8 Timer 3 Timer 4 T34M0 T34M2 XIN XOUT Fig. 48. Clock generating circuit block diagram 43 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER DISPLAY OSCILLATION CIRCUIT The CRT display clock oscillation circuit has a built-in clock oscillation circuits, so that a clock for display can be obtained simply by connecting an LC, an RC, a ceramic resonator or a quartz-crystal oscillator circuit across the pins OSC 1 and OSC 2. Select the clock for display with bits 0 and 1 of the CRT clock selection register (address 00ED16 ). ADDRESSING MODE The memory access is reinforced with 17 kinds of addressing modes. Refer to the SERIES 740 <Software> User’s Manual for details. MACHINE INSTRUCTIONS There are 71 machine instructions. Refer to the SERIES 740 <Software> User’s Manual for details. PROGRAMMING NOTES AUTO-CLEAR CIRCUIT (1) The divide ratio of the timer is 1/(n+1). (2) Even though the BBC and BBS instructions are executed immediately after the interrupt request bits are modified (by the program), those instructions are only valid for the contents before the modification. At least one instruction cycle is needed (such as an NOP) between the modification of the interrupt request bits and the execution of the BBC and BBS instructions. (3) After the ADC and SBC instructions are executed (in decimal mode), one instruction cycle (such as an NOP) is needed before the SEC, CLC, or CLD instruction is executed. (4) An NOP instruction is needed immediately after the execution of a PLP instruction. (5) In order to avoid noise and latch-up, connect a bypass capacitor (≈ 0.1 µF) directly between the VCC pin–VSS pin and the VCC pin– CNVSS pin using a thick wire. When power source is supplied, the auto-clear function can be per______ formed by connecting the following circuit to the RESET pin. DATA REQUIRED FOR MASK ORDERS OSC1 OSC2 L C2 C1 Fig. 49. Display oscillation circuit The following are necessary when ordering a mask ROM production: Circuit example 1 Vcc RESET Vss Circuit example 2 RESET Vcc Vss Note : Make the level change from “L” to “H” at the point at which the power source voltage exceeds the specified voltage. Fig. 50. Auto-clear circuit example 44 (1) Mask ROM Order Confirmation Form (2) Mark Specification Form (3) Data to be written to ROM, in EPROM form (32-pin DIP type 27C101, three identical copies) MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Parameter Symbol VCC Power source voltage VCC VI Input voltage CNVSS VI Input voltage P00–P0 7,P10–P17, P2 0–P27 , P30–P3 4, OSC1, XIN, HSYNC, VSYNC, RESET VO Output voltage P06, P0 7, P10–P1 7, P20 –P27, P30–P3 2, R, G, B, OUT, D-A, XOUT, OSC2 VO Output voltage P00–P0 5 IOH Circuit current IOL1 Conditions Ratings Unit All voltages are based on VSS. Output transistors are cut off. –0.3 to 6 V –0.3 to 6 V –0.3 to VCC + 0.3 V –0.3 to VCC + 0.3 V –0.3 to 13 V R, G, B, OUT, P10–P1 7, P20–P2 7, P30, P3 1, D-A 0 to 1 (Note 1) mA Circuit current R, G, B, OUT, P06, P0 7, P10–P1 7, P20–P2 3, P30 –P32, D-A 0 to 2 (Note 2) mA IOL2 Circuit current P0 0–P0 5 0 to 1 (Note 2) mA IOL3 Circuit current P24–P2 7 0 to 10 (Note 3) mA Ta = 25 °C Pd Power dissipation 550 mW Topr Operating temperature –10 to 70 °C Tstg Storage temperature –40 to 125 °C RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS (Ta = –10 °C to 70 °C, VCC = 5 V ± 10 %, unless otherwise noted) Symbol Parameter VIL1 Power source voltage (Note 4), During CPU, CRT operation Power source voltage “H” input voltage P00–P07,P10–P1 7, P2 0–P27, P3 0–P34, SIN, SCLK, HSYNC, VSYNC, RESET, XIN, OSC1, TIM2, TIM3, INT1, INT2, INT3 “L” input voltage P00–P07,P10–P1 7, P2 0–P27, P3 0–P34 VIL2 “L” input voltage VCC VSS VIH1 IOH IOL1 IOL2 IOL3 fCPU fCRT fhs1 fhs2 HSYNC, VSYNC, RESET,TIM2, TIM3, INT1, INT2, INT3, XIN, OSC1, SIN, SCLK “H” average output current (Note 1) R, G, B, OUT, D-A, P10–P1 7, P20–P2 7, P30, P31 “L” average output current (Note 2) R, G, B, OUT, D-A, P06, P0 7, P10–P17, P2 0–P27 , P30–P3 2 “L” average output current (Note 2) P0 0–P05 “L” average output current (Note 3) P2 4–P27 Oscillation frequency (for CPU operation) (Note 5) XIN Oscillation frequency (for CRT display) (Note 5) OSC1 Input frequency TIM2, TIM3 Input frequency SCLK Min. 4.5 0 0.8VCC Limits Typ. 5.0 0 Max. 5.5 0 VCC Unit V V V 0 0.4 VCC V 0 0.2 VCC V 1 mA 2 mA 1 10 8.1 8.0 100 1 mA mA MHz MHz kHz MHz 7.9 5.0 8.0 Notes 1: The total current that flows out of the IC must be 20 mA (max.). 2: The total input current to IC (I OL1 + IOL2 ) must be 30 mA or less. 3: The total average input current for ports P24 –P27 to IC must be 20 mA or less. 4: Connect 0.1µF or more capacitor externally across the power source pins VCC –VSS so as to reduce power source noise. Also connect 0.1µF or more capacitor externally across the pins VCC–CNVSS. 5: Use a quartz-crystal oscillator or a ceramic resonator for the CPU oscillation circuit. 45 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER ELECTRIC CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 5 V ± 10 %, VSS = 0 V, f(XIN) = 8 MHz, Ta = –10 °C to 70 °C, unless otherwise noted) Parameter Symbol ICC Power source current Test conditions System operation VCC = 5.5 V, Limits Min. Typ. Max. CRT OFF 20 40 CRT ON 30 60 Unit mA f(XIN) = 8 MHz 300 µA V VCC = 4.5 V IOL = 0.5 mA 0.4 V P24–P27 VCC = 4.5 V IOL = 10.0 mA 3.0 Hysteresis RESET VCC = 5.0 V 0.5 Hysteresis (Note) HSYNC, VSYNC, TIM2, TIM3, INT1, INT2, INT3, S IN, SCLK VCC = 5.0 V 0.5 IIZH “H” input leak current RESET, P00–P0 7, P10–P1 7, P20–P27, P3 0–P34 , HSYNC, VSYNC VCC = 5.5 V VI = 5.5 V 5 µA IIZL “L” input leak current RESET, P00–P0 7, P10–P1 7, P20–P27, P3 0–P34 , HSYNC, VSYNC VCC = 5.5 V VO = 0 V 5 µA IOZH “H” output leak current P0 0–P05 VCC = 5.5 V VI = 12 V 10 µA Stop mode VCC = 5.5 V, f(XIN) = 0 VOH “H” output voltage R, G, B, OUT, D-A, P10–P1 7, P20–P27, P3 0, P3 1 VCC = 4.5 V IOH = –0.5 mA VOL “L” output voltage R, G, B, OUT, D-A, P00–P0 7, P10–P17, P2 0–P23 , P30–P32 “L” output voltage VT+ –VT– 2.4 0.7 V 1.3 ______ Note: P06 , P07, P1 5, P2 3, P2 4 have the hysteresis when these pins are used as interrupt input pins or timer input pins. P20 –P22 have the hysteresis when these pins are used as serial I/O pins. A-D COMPARATOR CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 5 V ± 10 %, VSS = 0 V, f(XIN) = 8 MHz, T a = –10 °C to 70 °C, unless otherwise noted) Symbol — — Parameter Test conditions Limits Min. Typ. 0 ±1 Resolution Absolute accuracy Max. Unit 6 bits ±2 LSB Note: When VCC = 5 V, 1 LSB = 5/64 V. D-A CONVERTER CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 5 V ± 10 %, VSS = 0 V, f(XIN) = 8 MHz, T a = –10 °C to 70 °C, unless otherwise noted) Symbol 46 Parameter Test conditions Limits Min. Typ. Max. Unit — Resolution 6 bits — Absolute accuracy 2 % tsu Setting time RO Output resistor 1 2.5 3 µs 4 kΩ MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER PACKAGE OUTLINE 47 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER GZZ–SH09–72B < 56A0 > Mask ROM number 740 FAMILY MASK ROM CONFIRMATION FORM SINGLE-CHIP MICROCOMPUTER M37220M3-XXXSP MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC Receipt Date : Supervisor signature Section head signature Note : Please fill in all items marked ❈. Date issued Date : ) Issuance ( Customer Supervisor signature ❈ Submitted by TEL Company name ❈ 1. Confirmation Specify the name of the product being ordered and the type of EPROMs submitted. Three EPROMs are required for each pattern. If at least two of the three sets of EPROMs submitted contain identical data, we will produce masks based on this data. We shall assume the responsibility for errors only if the mask ROM data on the products we produce differs from this data. Thus, extreme care must be taken to verify the data in the submitted EPROMs. (hexadecimal notation) Checksum code for entire EPROM EPROM type (indicate the type used) 27C101 AAA AAA AAA EPROM address 000016 Product name 000F16 D00016 FFFF16 1000016 ASCII code : ‘M37220M3 –’ data ROM 12K bytes Character ROM 1 107FF16 1080016 Character ROM 2 10FFF16 1100016 1FFFF16 (1) (2) Set “FF16” in the shaded area. Write the ASCII codes that indicates the product name of “M37220M3–” to addresses 000016 to 000F16. EPROM data check item (Refer the EPROM data and check “✓” in the appropriate box) → Yes ■ ● Do you set “FF16” in the shaded area ? ● Do you write the ASCII codes that indicates the product name of “M37220M3–” to addresses 000016 to 000F16 ? → Yes ■ ❈ 2. Mark specification Mark specification must be submitted using the correct form for the type package being ordered fill out the appropriate mark specification form (42P4B for M37220M3-XXXSP) and attach to the mask ROM confirmation form. ❈ 3. Comments (1/3) 48 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER GZZ–SH09–72B <56A0 > 740 FAMILY MASK ROM CONFIRMATION FORM SINGLE-CHIP MICROCOMPUTER M37220M3-XXXSP MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC Writing the product name and character ROM data onto EPROMs Addresses 000016 to 000F16 store the product name, and addresses 1000016 to 10FFF16 store the character pattern. If the name of the product contained in the EPROMs does not match the name on the mask ROM confirmation form, the ROM processing is disabled. Write the data correctly. 1. Inputting the name of the product with the ASCII code ASCII codes ‘M37220M3-’ are listed on the right. The addresses and data are in hexadecimal notation. Address 000016 000116 000216 000316 000416 000516 000616 000716 ‘M’ = ‘3’ = ‘7’ = ‘2’ = ‘2’ = ‘0’ = ‘M’ = ‘3’ = 4 D 16 3 3 16 3 7 16 3 2 16 3 2 16 3 0 16 4 D 16 3 3 16 Address 000816 000916 000A16 000B16 000C16 000D16 000E16 000F16 ‘–’ = 2 D 16 F F 16 F F 16 F F 16 F F 16 F F 16 F F 16 F F 16 2. Inputting the character ROM Input the character ROM data by dividing it into character ROM1 and character ROM2. For the character ROM data, see the next page and on. (2/3) 49 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER GZZ–SH09–72B< 56A0 > 740 FAMILY MASK ROM CONFIRMATION FORM SINGLE-CHIP MICROCOMPUTER M37220M3-XXXSP MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC The structure of character ROM (divided of 12✕16 dots font) Example Character code “1A16” Character ROM2 ⇐ Character ROM1 101A016 0 to 1 101AF16 2 ⇐ Example b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 0 016 0 416 0416 Example b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 F016 F016 F016 3 4 5 0A16 0A16 1 116 3 4 5 F016 F016 F016 6 7 1 116 1 116 6 7 F016 F016 8 9 2 016 2 016 8 9 A B C 3 F16 4 016 4 016 A B C F816 F416 F416 D E 4 016 0 016 D E F416 F016 F 0 016 F F016 (3/3) 50 109A016 0 to 1 109AF16 2 F16 F816 F816 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS M37220M3-XXXSP SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER 51 MITSUBISHI DATA BOOK SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT MICROCOMPUTERS Vol.3 Sep. First Edition 1996 H-DF319-B Editioned by Committee of editing of Mitsubishi Semiconductor Data Book Published by Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Semiconductor Division This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without permission of Mitsubishi Electric Corporation. ©1996 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION Printed in Japan M37220M3-XXXSP DATA SHEET REVISION DESCRIPTION LIST Rev. No. Revision Description Rev. date 1.0 First Edition 9708 2.0 Information about copywright note, revision number, release data added (last page). 971130 2.1 Correct note (P43) 980731 (1/1)