Data Sheet Rev. 1.01 / September 2014 ZSPM4521 High-Efficiency Charger for Li-Ion Batteries with Photovoltaic Sources Power Management Power and Precision ZSPM4521 High-Efficiency Charger for Li-Ion Batteries with Photovoltaic Sources Features Brief Description The ZSPM4521 is a DC/DC synchronous switching lithium-ion (Li-Ion) battery charger with fully integrated power switches, internal compensation, and full fault protection. It uses a temperature-independent photovoltaic maximum power point tracking (MPPT) function to optimize power output from the source during Full-Charge Constant-Current (CC) Mode. Its switching frequency of 1MHz enables the use of small filter components, resulting in smaller board space and reduced bill-of material costs. During Full-Charge Constant-Current Mode, the duty cycle is controlled by the MPPT regulator. Once the battery’s termination voltage is reached, the regulator operates in Constant Voltage Mode. In this mode, the ZSPM4521 modulates the charging current until the battery reaches full charge. When the regulator is disabled (the EN pin is low), the device draws 10µA (typical) quiescent current (Disabled Mode). Temperature-independent photovoltaic maximum power tracking (MPPT) regulator VBAT reverse-current blocking Programmable temperature-compensated termination voltage: 3.94V to 4.18V ± 1% User programmable maximum charge current: 50mA to 1500mA Supervisor for VBAT reported at the NFLT pin Input supply under-voltage lockout Full protection for VBAT over-current, overtemperature, VBAT over-voltage, and charging timeout Charge status indication 2 I C™ program interface with EEPROM registers Related ZMDI Smart Power Products The ZSPM4521 includes supervisory reporting through the NFLT (inverted fault) open-drain output to interface other components in the system. Device programming is achieved by an I²C™* interface through the SCL and SDA pins. ZSPM4523 DC/DC Synchronous Switching Super Capacitor Charger With MPPT Regulator ZSPM4551 High-Efficiency Li-Ion Battery Charger ZSPM4121 Ultra-low Power Under-Voltage Switch ZSPM4141 Ultra-Low-Power Linear Regulator Benefits Physical Characteristics Up to 1.5A of continuous output current in FullCharge Constant Current (CC) Mode High efficiency – up to 92% with typical loads Available Support Wide input voltage range: 4.0V to 7.2V Junction operating temperature: -40°C to 125°C Package: 16-pin PQFN (4mm x 4mm) ZSPM4521 Application Circuit Evaluation Kit Documentation ZSPM4521 Photovoltaic Cells VIN VTH_REF RREF CIN VTHERM GND CVDD RSENSE LOUT VDD Battery SW COUT VDD RPULLUP (optional) SCL VSENSE SDA VBAT RTHM VDD EN NFLT RPULLUP (optional) PGND * I2C™ is a trademark of NXP. For more information, contact ZMDI via [email protected]. © 2014 Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG — Rev. 1.01— October 3, 2014. All rights reserved. The material contained herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information furnished in this publication is subject to changes without notice. ZSPM4521 High-Efficiency Charger for Li-Ion Batteries with Photovoltaic Sources ZSPM4521 Block Diagram EN NFLT Photovoltaic Cells VIN VIN CIN VIN ZSPM4521 SCL I²C™* Interface MONITOR & CONTROL OverVoltage Protection Oscillator SDA ~5V @ 450mA VBAT VTH_REF BATT Thermal Control Ramp Generator BATT Current Control RREF VTHERM VBAT VIN Vref Gate Drive Typical Applications Backgate Blocking Gate Drive Control Portable solar chargers Off-grid systems Comparator Wireless sensor networks HVAC controls LOUT RSENSE BATTERY COUT Compensation Network RTHM Gate Drive Error Amp SW PGND VIN VDD Regulator MPP & Current Control VSENSE VBAT VDD GND CVDD *I2C™ is a trademark of NXP. Ordering Information Ordering Code Description Package ZSPM4521AA1W ZSPM4521 High Efficiency Li-Ion Battery Charger for Photovoltaic Sources 16-pin PQFN / 7” Reel (1000 parts) ZSPM4521AA1R ZSPM4521 High Efficiency Li-Ion Battery Charger for Photovoltaic Sources 16-pin PQFN / 13” Reel (3300 parts) ZSPM4521KIT ZSPM4521 Evaluation Kit Kit Sales and Further Information www.zmdi.com [email protected] Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG Global Headquarters Grenzstrasse 28 01109 Dresden, Germany ZMD America, Inc. 1525 McCarthy Blvd., #212 Milpitas, CA 95035-7453 USA Central Office: Phone +49.351.8822.306 Fax +49.351.8822.337 USA Phone 1.855.275.9634 Phone +1.408.883.6310 Fax +1.408.883.6358 European Technical Support Phone +49.351.8822.7.772 Fax +49.351.8822.87.772 DISCLAIMER: This information applies to a product under development. Its characteristics and specifications are subject to change without notice. Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG (ZMD AG) assumes no obligation regarding future manufacture unless otherwise agreed to in writing. The information furnished hereby is believed to be true and accurate. However, under no circumstances shall ZMD AG be liable to any customer, licensee, or any other third party for any special, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages of any kind or nature whatsoever arising out of or in any way related to the furnishing, performance, or use of this technical data. ZMD AG hereby expressly disclaims any liability of ZMD AG to any customer, licensee or any other third party, and any such customer, licensee and any other third party hereby waives any liability of ZMD AG for any damages in connection with or arising out of the furnishing, performance or use of this technical data, whether based on contract, warranty, tort (including negligence), strict liability, or otherwise. European Sales (Stuttgart) Phone +49.711.674517.55 Fax +49.711.674517.87955 Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG, Japan Office 2nd Floor, Shinbashi Tokyu Bldg. 4-21-3, Shinbashi, Minato-ku Tokyo, 105-0004 Japan ZMD FAR EAST, Ltd. 3F, No. 51, Sec. 2, Keelung Road 11052 Taipei Taiwan Phone +81.3.6895.7410 Fax +81.3.6895.7301 Phone +886.2.2377.8189 Fax +886.2.2377.8199 Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG, Korea Office U-space 1 Building 11th Floor, Unit JA-1102 670 Sampyeong-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si Gyeonggi-do, 463-400 Korea Phone +82.31.950.7679 Fax +82.504.841.3026 © 2014 Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG — Rev. 1.01— October 3, 2014 All rights reserved. The material contained herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. ZSPM4521 High-Efficiency Charger for Li-Ion Batteries with Photovoltaic Sources Contents 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ZSPM4521 Characteristics............................................................................................................................... 6 1.1. Absolute Maximum Ratings ....................................................................................................................... 6 1.2. Thermal Characteristics ............................................................................................................................. 6 1.3. Recommended Operating Conditions ....................................................................................................... 7 1.4. Electrical Characteristics ........................................................................................................................... 7 2 1.5. I C™ Interface Timing Requirements ...................................................................................................... 11 Functional Description .................................................................................................................................... 12 2.1. Internal Protection ................................................................................................................................... 13 2.1.1. VIN Under-Voltage Lockout .............................................................................................................. 13 2.1.2. Internal Current Limit ........................................................................................................................ 13 2.1.3. Thermal Shutdown ............................................................................................................................ 13 2.1.4. VBAT Over-Voltage Protection ......................................................................................................... 13 2.2. Fault Handling.......................................................................................................................................... 14 2.2.1. NFLT Pin Functionality ...................................................................................................................... 14 2.2.2. Other Faults ...................................................................................................................................... 14 2.3. Serial Interface ........................................................................................................................................ 16 2 2.3.1. I C™ Subaddress Definition ............................................................................................................. 16 2 2.3.2. I C™ Bus Operation .......................................................................................................................... 16 2.4. Status and Configuration Registers ......................................................................................................... 18 Application Circuits ......................................................................................................................................... 23 3.1. Typical Application Circuit ....................................................................................................................... 23 3.2. Selection of External Components .......................................................................................................... 23 3.2.1. COUT Output Capacitor ...................................................................................................................... 23 3.2.2. LOUT Output Inductor ......................................................................................................................... 23 3.2.3. CIN Bypass Capacitor for Input from Photovoltaic Source ................................................................ 23 3.2.4. CVDD Bypass Capacitor for VDD Internal Reference Voltage Output ............................................... 24 3.2.5. RSENSE Output Sensing Resistor ....................................................................................................... 24 3.2.6. Pull-up Resistors ............................................................................................................................... 24 Pin Configuration and Package ...................................................................................................................... 25 4.1. ZSPM4521 Package Dimensions ............................................................................................................ 25 4.2. Pin-Out Assignments ............................................................................................................................... 26 4.3. Pin Description for 16-Pin PQFN (4 x 4 mm) .......................................................................................... 26 4.4. Package Markings ................................................................................................................................... 27 Layout Recommendations.............................................................................................................................. 28 5.1. Multi-Layer PCB Layout ........................................................................................................................... 28 5.2. Single-Layer PCB Layout ........................................................................................................................ 29 Ordering Information ...................................................................................................................................... 30 Related Documents ........................................................................................................................................ 30 Document Revision History ............................................................................................................................ 31 Data Sheet October 3, 2014 © 2014 Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG — Rev. 1.01 All rights reserved. The material contained herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information furnished in this publication is subject to changes without notice. 4 of 31 ZSPM4521 High-Efficiency Charger for Li-Ion Batteries with Photovoltaic Sources List of Figures Figure 2.1 Figure 2.2 Figure 2.3 Figure 2.4 Figure 2.5 Figure 3.1 Figure 4.1 Figure 4.2 Figure 4.3 Figure 5.1 Figure 5.2 Figure 5.3 Figure 5.4 ZSPM4521 Block Diagram ............................................................................................................... 12 Charging State Diagram ................................................................................................................... 15 2 Subaddress in I C™ Transmission ................................................................................................... 16 2 I C™ Start / Stop Protocol ................................................................................................................ 17 2 I C™ Data Transmission Timing ...................................................................................................... 17 Typical Application Circuit for Charging a Lithium-Ion Battery via Photovoltaic Cells ...................... 23 PQFN-16 Package Dimensions ........................................................................................................ 25 ZSPM4521 Pin Assignments ............................................................................................................ 26 Marking Diagram 16-Pin PQFN (4 x 4 mm) ...................................................................................... 27 Package and PCB Land Configuration for Multi-Layer PCB ........................................................... 28 JEDEC Standard FR4 Multi-Layer Board – Cross-Sectional View ................................................... 28 Conducting Heat Away from the Die using an Exposed Pad Package ............................................ 29 Application Using a Single-Layer PCB ............................................................................................. 30 List of Tables Table 1.1 Table 1.2 Table 1.3 Table 1.4 Table 1.5 Table 2.1 Table 2.2 Table 2.3 Table 2.4 Table 2.5 Table 2.6 Table 2.7 Table 2.8 Table 2.9 Table 4.1 Data Sheet October 3, 2014 Absolute Maximum Ratings ................................................................................................................ 6 Thermal Characteristics ...................................................................................................................... 6 Recommended Operating Conditions ................................................................................................ 7 Electrical Characteristics .................................................................................................................... 7 2 I C™ Interface Timing Characteristics .............................................................................................. 11 Register Descriptions (Device Address = 48HEX) .............................................................................. 18 STATUS Register—Address 00HEX .................................................................................................. 18 Configuration Register CONFIG1—Address 02HEX .......................................................................... 19 Configuration Register CONFIG2—Address 03HEX .......................................................................... 19 Configuration Register CONFIG3—Address 04HEX .......................................................................... 20 Configuration Register CONFIG4—Address 05HEX .......................................................................... 20 Configuration Register CONFIG5—Address 06HEX .......................................................................... 21 Enable Configuration Register CONFIG_ENABLE—Address 11HEX................................................ 22 EEPROM Control Register EEPROM_CTRL—Address 12HEX ........................................................ 22 Pin Description .................................................................................................................................. 26 © 2014 Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG — Rev. 1.01 All rights reserved. The material contained herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information furnished in this publication is subject to changes without notice. 5 of 31 ZSPM4521 High-Efficiency Charger for Li-Ion Batteries with Photovoltaic Sources 1 ZSPM4521 Characteristics Important: Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” (section 1.1) may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “Recommended Operating Conditions” is not implied. Exposure to absolute–maximum–rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. 1.1. Absolute Maximum Ratings Over operating free–air temperature range unless otherwise noted. Table 1.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Value 1) Unit VIN, EN, NFLT, SCL, SDA, VTHERM, VTH_REF, VBAT, VSENSE -0.3 to 8 V SW -1 to 8.8 V VDD -0.3 to 3.6 V Operating Junction Temperature Range, TJ -40 to 125 °C -65 to 150 °C ±2k V +/-200 V 260 °C Storage Temperature Range, TSTOR Electrostatic Discharge – Human Body Model Electrostatic Discharge – Machine Model 2) 2) Lead Temperature (soldering, 10 seconds) 1.2. 1) All voltage values are with respect to network ground terminal. 2) ESD testing is performed according to the respective JESD22 JEDEC standard. Thermal Characteristics Table 1.2 Thermal Characteristics Parameter Thermal Resistance Junction to Air 1) Symbol 1) JA Value 1) 50 Unit °C/W 2 Assumes a 4x4mm QFN-16 in 1 in area of 2 oz. copper and 25°C ambient temperature. Data Sheet October 3, 2014 © 2014 Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG — Rev. 1.01 All rights reserved. The material contained herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information furnished in this publication is subject to changes without notice. 6 of 31 ZSPM4521 High-Efficiency Charger for Li-Ion Batteries with Photovoltaic Sources 1.3. Recommended Operating Conditions Table 1.3 Recommended Operating Conditions Parameter Photovoltaic Input Operating Voltage at VIN Pin Sense Resistor Output Filter Inductor Typical Value 1) Output Filter Capacitor Typical Value 2) Symbol Min Typ Max Unit VIN 4.0 5.3 7.2 V RSENSE 50 m LOUT 4.7 µH COUT 4.7 µF COUT-ESR Output Filter Capacitor ESR 100 Input Supply Bypass Capacitor Value 3) CIN 3.3 10 VDD Supply Bypass Capacitor Value 2) CVDD 70 100 Operating Free Air Temperature TA Operating Junction Temperature TJ m µF 130 nF -40 85 °C -40 125 °C 1) For best performance, use an inductor with a saturation current rating higher than the maximum V BAT load requirement plus the inductor current ripple. 2) For best performance, use a low ESR ceramic capacitor. 3) For best performance, use a low ESR ceramic capacitor. If CIN is not a low ESR ceramic capacitor, add a 0.1µF ceramic capacitor in parallel to CIN. 1.4. Electrical Characteristics Electrical characteristics TJ = -40°C to 125°C, VIN = 5.3V, (unless otherwise noted) Table 1.4 Electrical Characteristics Parameter Symbol Condition Min Typ Max Unit 4 5.3 7.2 V VIN Supply Voltage Photovoltaic Voltage Input VIN Quiescent Current Normal Mode ICC-NORM Quiescent Current Disabled Mode ICC-DISABLE ILOAD = 0A, no switching EN 2.2V (HIGH) 3 EN = 0V 10 mA 50 µA VBAT Leakage Leakage Current From Battery IBAT-LEAK EN = 0V, VVBAT = 4.1V 10 µA Reverse Current IBAT-BACK VVBAT> VIN, VVBAT = 4.1V, Tj < 85°C 10 µA Data Sheet October 3, 2014 © 2014 Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG — Rev. 1.01 All rights reserved. The material contained herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information furnished in this publication is subject to changes without notice. 7 of 31 ZSPM4521 High-Efficiency Charger for Li-Ion Batteries with Photovoltaic Sources Parameter Symbol Condition Min Typ Max Unit VIN Under-Voltage Lockout Input Supply Under-Voltage Threshold VIN-UV Input Supply Under-Voltage Threshold Hysteresis VIN-UV_HYST fOSC VIN increasing 3.15 V 100 200 mV 0.9 1 OSC Oscillator Frequency 1.1 MHz NFLT Open Drain Output High-Level Output Leakage IOH-NFLT VNFLT = 5.3V Low-Level Output Voltage VOL-NFLT INFLT = -1mA 0.1 µA 0.4 V EN/SCL/SDA Input Voltage Thresholds High Level Input Voltage VIH Low Level Input Voltage VIL Input Hysteresis– EN, SCL, SDA Pins VHYST Input Leakage – EN Pin IIN-EN Input Leakage – SCL Pin Input Leakage – SDA Pin Low-Level Output Voltage IIN-SCL IIN-SDA VOL-SDA 2.2 V 0.8 V 200 mV VEN=VIN 0.1 µA VEN=0V -2.0 µA VSCL=VIN 55 µA VSCL=0V -0.1 µA VSDA=VIN 0.1 µA VSDA=0V -0.1 µA ISDA = -1mA 0.4 V Thermal Shutdown Thermal Shutdown Junction Temperature TSD Hysteresis TSD 150 TSD-HYST 170 °C 10 °C Pre-Charge End Pre-charge Voltage Threshold VPRECHG 2.9 3.0 3.1 V Pre-charge Voltage Hysteresis VPC-HYST 70 mV VRESTART 100 mV Charge Restart Voltage Below Termination for Charging Restart Data Sheet October 3, 2014 © 2014 Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG — Rev. 1.01 All rights reserved. The material contained herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information furnished in this publication is subject to changes without notice. 8 of 31 ZSPM4521 High-Efficiency Charger for Li-Ion Batteries with Photovoltaic Sources Parameter Symbol Condition Min Typ Max Unit Charging Regulator with LOUT=4.7µH and COUT=4.7µF Output Current Limit Tolerance in Full-Charge Mode IBAT-FC IBAT is user programmable; see Table 2.5. IBAT 10% IBAT IBAT + 10% A Termination Voltage Tolerance in Top-Off Mode VBAT-TO ICHG = 0.1C, 0°C < Tj < 85°C VBAT is user programmable; see section 2.4. VBAT 1% VBAT VBAT + 1% V Top-Off Mode Time Out tTO 0 120 Minutes Full-Charge Timer tFC 200 1400 Minutes Timer Accuracy tACC -10% +10% High Side (HS) Switch On Resistance Low Side (LS) Switch On Resistance RDSON Maximum Output Current IBAT Over-Current Detection IOCD VBAT Over-Voltage Threshold Maximum Duty Cycle ISW = -1A, TJ=25°C 200 mΩ ISW = 1A, TJ=25°C 250 mΩ 1.5 A HS switch current 2.5 101% VBAT VBAT-OV DUTYMAX A 102% VBAT 103% VBAT V 98 % 1.8 V Thermistor VTH_REF Output Voltage VVTH_REF IVT_REF = 2µA to 100µA Thermistor: 10kΩ Temperature Thresholds – β=3434K 0°C Decreasing Temperature 75.6 %VTH_REF 0°CHYST Increasing Temperature 66.5 %VTH_REF 10°C VTHERM Threshold (10°C) 10°C Decreasing Temperature 66.2 %VTH_REF 10°C VTHERM Threshold with Hysteresis (11°C) 10°CHYST Increasing Temperature 65.4 %VTH_REF 45°C VTHERM Threshold (45°C) 45°C Increasing Temperature 34.5 %VTH_REF 45°C VTHERM Threshold with Hysteresis (44°C) 45°CHYST Decreasing Temperature 35.3 %VTH_REF 50°C VTHERM Threshold (50°C) 50°C Increasing Temperature 30.8 %VTH_REF 0°C VTHERM Threshold (0°C) 0°C VTHERM Threshold with Hysteresis (10°C) Data Sheet October 3, 2014 © 2014 Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG — Rev. 1.01 All rights reserved. The material contained herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information furnished in this publication is subject to changes without notice. 9 of 31 ZSPM4521 High-Efficiency Charger for Li-Ion Batteries with Photovoltaic Sources Parameter Symbol Condition Min Typ Max Unit 50°C VTHERM Threshold with Hysteresis (49°C) 50°CHYST Decreasing Temperature 31.5 %VTH_REF 60°C VTHERM Threshold (60°C) 60°C Increasing Temperature 24.9 %VTH_REF 60°C VTHERM Threshold with Hysteresis (50°C) 60°CHYST Decreasing Temperature 30.8 %VTH_REF Thermistor: 100KΩ Temperature Thresholds – β=4311K 0°C Decreasing Temperature 80.5 %VTH_REF 0°CHYST Increasing Temperature 69.8 %VTH_REF 10°C VTHERM Threshold (10°C) 10°C Decreasing Temperature 69.8 %VTH_REF 10°C VTHERM Threshold with Hysteresis (11°C) 10°CHYST Increasing Temperature 68.6 %VTH_REF 45°C VTHERM Threshold (45°C) 45°C Increasing Temperature 31.3 %VTH_REF 45°C VTHERM Threshold with Hysteresis (44°C) 45°CHYST Decreasing Temperature 32.3 %VTH_REF 50°C VTHERM Threshold (50°C) 50°C Increasing Temperature 27.0 %VTH_REF 50°C VTHERM Threshold with Hysteresis (49°C) 50°CHYST Decreasing Temperature 27.8 %VTH_REF 60°C VTHERM Threshold (60°C) 60°C Increasing Temperature 19.4 %VTH_REF 60°C VTHERM Threshold with Hysteresis (50°C) 60°CHYST Decreasing Temperature 27.0 %VTH_REF 0°C VTHERM Threshold (0°C) 0°C VTHERM Threshold with Hysteresis (10°C) Data Sheet October 3, 2014 © 2014 Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG — Rev. 1.01 All rights reserved. The material contained herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information furnished in this publication is subject to changes without notice. 10 of 31 ZSPM4521 High-Efficiency Charger for Li-Ion Batteries with Photovoltaic Sources 1.5. I2C™ Interface Timing Requirements Electrical characteristics TJ = -40°C to 125°C, VIN = 5.3V. See Figure 2.5 for an illustration of the timing specifications given in Table 1.5. Table 1.5 2 I C™ Interface Timing Characteristics Standard Mode Parameter Fast Mode 1) Symbol Unit Min Max Min Max 100 0 400 2 fscl 0 2 tsch 4 0.6 µs 1.3 µs I C™ Clock Frequency I C™ Clock High Time 2 I C™ Clock Low Time kHz tscl 4.7 2) tsp 0 I C™ Serial Data Setup Time tsds 250 250 ns tsdh 0 0 µs 2 I C™ Tolerable Spike Time 2 2 I C™ Serial Data Hold Time 2 I C™ Input Rise Time 2 I C™ Input Fall Time 2) 2) 50 0 50 ns ticr 1000 300 ns ticf 300 300 ns 2 tocf 300 300 ns 2 tbuf 4.7 1.3 µs 2 tsts 4.7 0.6 µs 2 tsth 4 0.6 µs tsps 4 0.6 µs I C™ Output Fall Time; 10pF to 2) 400pF Bus I C™ Bus Free Time Between Stop and Start I C™ Start or Repeated Start Condition Setup Time I C™ Start or Repeated Start Condition Hold Time 2 I C™ Stop Condition Setup Time 2) 1) The I²C™ interface will operate in either standard or fast mode. 2) Parameter not tested in production. Data Sheet October 3, 2014 © 2014 Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG — Rev. 1.01 All rights reserved. The material contained herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information furnished in this publication is subject to changes without notice. 11 of 31 ZSPM4521 High-Efficiency Charger for Li-Ion Batteries with Photovoltaic Sources 2 Functional Description The ZSPM4521 is a fully-integrated Li-Ion battery charger IC based on a highly-efficient switching topology. It includes a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) function to optimize its input voltage in order to extract the maximum possible power from photovoltaic (PV) cells. It is configurable for termination voltage, charge current, and additional variables to allow optimum charging conditions for a wide range of Li-Ion batteries. A 1MHz internal switching frequency facilitates low-cost LC filter combinations. Figure 2.1 provides a block diagram. When the battery voltage is below 3.0V, the ZSPM4521 enters a pre-charge state and applies a small, programmable charge current to safely charge the battery to a level for which full-charge current can be applied. Once the Full-Charge Mode has been initiated, the ZSPM4521 will maximize available charge current to the battery by adjusting its duty cycle to regulate its input voltage to the MPP voltage of the photovoltaic (PV) cell. If sufficient current is available from the PV cell to exceed the safe 1C charge rate of the battery, then the programmable 1C current limit function will take precedence over the MPPT control function and the PV cell voltage will rise above the MPP value. Figure 2.1 ZSPM4521 Block Diagram EN NFLT Photovoltaic Cells VIN VIN CIN VIN ZSPM4521 SCL I²C™* Interface MONITOR & CONTROL OverVoltage Protection Oscillator SDA ~5V @ 450mA VBAT VTH_REF BATT Thermal Control Ramp Generator BATT Current Control RREF VTHERM VBAT VIN Vref Gate Drive Gate Drive Control Backgate Blocking SW LOUT RSENSE BATTERY COUT Comparator Gate Drive Error Amp Compensation Network RTHM PGND VIN VDD Regulator MPP & Current Control VSENSE VBAT VDD GND CVDD Data Sheet October 3, 2014 *I2C™ is a trademark of NXP. © 2014 Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG — Rev. 1.01 All rights reserved. The material contained herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information furnished in this publication is subject to changes without notice. 12 of 31 ZSPM4521 High-Efficiency Charger for Li-Ion Batteries with Photovoltaic Sources When the battery voltage has increased enough to go into maintenance mode, the PWM control loop will force a constant voltage across the battery. Once in Constant Voltage Mode, current is monitored to determine when the battery is fully charged. See Figure 2.2 for a diagram of the charging states. The regulation voltage as well as the 1C charging current can be set to change based on the battery temperature. There are four temperature ranges for which the regulation voltage can be set independently: 0°C to 10°C, 10°C to 45°C, 45°C to 50°C, and 50°C to 60°C. The ZSPM4521 will stop charging if the temperature passes the descending temperature threshold at 0°C or the ascending threshold at 60°C. These thresholds have 10 degrees of hysteresis. The intermediate points have 1 degree of hysteresis. 2.1. 2.1.1. Internal Protection VIN Under-Voltage Lockout The device is held in the off state until the EN pin voltage is HIGH ( 2.2V) and VIN reaches 3.15V (typical). There is a 200mV hysteresis on this input, which requires the input to fall below 2.95V (typical) before the device will disable. 2.1.2. Internal Current Limit The current through the inductor LOUT is sensed on a cycle-by-cycle basis and if the current limit (IOCD; see section 1.4) is reached, the ZSPM4521 will abbreviate the cycle. The current limit is always active when the regulator is enabled. 2.1.3. Thermal Shutdown If the junction temperature of the ZSPM4521 exceeds 170°C (typical), the SW output will tri-state to protect the device from damage. The NFLT and all other protection circuitry will stay active to inform the system of the failure mode. Once the device cools to 160°C (typical), the device will attempt to start up again. If the device reaches 170°C, the shutdown/restart sequence will repeat. 2.1.4. VBAT Over-Voltage Protection The ZSPM4521 has a battery protection circuit designed to shut down the charging profile if the battery voltage is greater than the termination voltage. The termination voltage can change based on user programming, so the protection threshold is set to 2% above the termination voltage. Shutting down the charging profile puts the ZSPM4521 in a fault condition. Data Sheet October 3, 2014 © 2014 Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG — Rev. 1.01 All rights reserved. The material contained herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information furnished in this publication is subject to changes without notice. 13 of 31 ZSPM4521 High-Efficiency Charger for Li-Ion Batteries with Photovoltaic Sources 2.2. 2.2.1. Fault Handling NFLT Pin Functionality In the event of a battery over-voltage, the battery temperature being outside of the safe charging range, or the full charge timer expiring, charging stops and the NFLT pin is pulled low. When the fault condition is no longer present, the device will enter the INITIALIZE state (see Figure 2.2), but the NFLT pin will remain low until the STATUS register (00HEX) is read (see Table 2.2). When the STATUS register is read, the NFLT pin will go high until a new fault is detected. 2.2.2. Other Faults When an open thermistor, thermal shutdown, VIN under-voltage, or top-off time-out are detected, charging immediately stops and the corresponding bit in the STATUS register (00HEX) is set. The device will enter the INITIALIZE state until the fault is no longer detected. Data Sheet October 3, 2014 © 2014 Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG — Rev. 1.01 All rights reserved. The material contained herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information furnished in this publication is subject to changes without notice. 14 of 31 ZSPM4521 High-Efficiency Charger for Li-Ion Batteries with Photovoltaic Sources Figure 2.2 Charging State Diagram EN INITIALIZE STATE INITIALIZE Waiting for Valid Charging Conditions NO No Faults & VBAT< VRESTART YES PRE-CHARGE STATE PRE-CHARGE MPPT w/Pre-charge Current Limit NO VBAT > VPRECHG Threshold YES YES FULL-CHARGE CONSTANT CURRENT (CC) MODE 1C CHARGING MPPT w/1C Current Limit and Full Charge Timer VBAT<VPRECHG Threshold NO NO NO VBAT =VTERMINATION & ICHARGE < IEOC YES CONSTANT VOLTAGE MODE VBAT= VTERMINATION END OF CHARGE VBAT regulated to VTERMINATION with EOC Timer YES ICHARGE < Top Off End Current NO YES Data Sheet October 3, 2014 © 2014 Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG — Rev. 1.01 All rights reserved. The material contained herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information furnished in this publication is subject to changes without notice. 15 of 31 ZSPM4521 High-Efficiency Charger for Li-Ion Batteries with Photovoltaic Sources 2.3. Serial Interface 2 The ZSPM4521 features an I C™ slave interface that offers advanced control and diagnostic features. It supports 2 standard and fast mode data rates and auto-sequencing, and it is compliant to I C™ standard version 3.0. 2 I C™ operation offers configuration control for termination voltages, charge currents, and charge timeouts. This 2 configurability allows optimum charging conditions in a wide range of Li-Ion batteries. I C™ operation also offers fault and warning indicators. Whenever a fault is detected, the associated status bit in the STATUS register is set and the NFLT pin is pulled low. Whenever a warning is detected, the associated status bit in the STATUS register is set, but the NFLT pin is not pulled low. Reading the STATUS register resets the fault and warning status bits, and the NFLT pin is released after all fault status bits have been reset. 2.3.1. 2 I C™ Subaddress Definition 2 Figure 2.3 Subaddress in I C™ Transmission Start – Start Condition G[3:0] – Group ID: address fixed at 1001BIN S[7:0] – Subaddress: defined per the address register map A[2:0] – Device ID: address fixed at 000BIN D[7:0] – Data: data to be transmitted with device R/nW – Read / not Write Select Bit 2.3.2. ACK – Acknowledge Stop – Stop Condition 2 I C™ Bus Operation 2 The ZSPM4521’s I C™ is a two-wire serial interface; the two lines are serial clock (SCL) and serial data (SDA) (see Figure 2.4). SDA must be connected to a positive supply (e.g., the VDD pin) through an external pull-up resistor. The devices communicating on this bus can drive the SDA line low or release it to high impedance. To 2 ensure proper operation, setup and hold times must be met (see Table 1.5). The device that initiates the I C™ transaction becomes the master of the bus. Communication is initiated by the master sending a START condition, which is a high-to-low transition on SDA while the SCL line is high. After the START condition, the device address byte is sent, most significant bit (MSB) first, including the data direction bit (read = 1; write = 0). After receiving the valid address byte, the device responds with an acknowledge (ACK). An ACK is a low on SDA during the high of the ACK-related clock pulse. 2 On the I C™ bus, during each clock pulse, only one data bit is transferred. The data on the SDA line must remain stable during the high pulse of the clock period, as changes in the data line at this time are interpreted as START or STOP control conditions. A low-to-high transition on SDA while the SCL input is high indicates a STOP condition and is sent by the master. Data Sheet October 3, 2014 © 2014 Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG — Rev. 1.01 All rights reserved. The material contained herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information furnished in this publication is subject to changes without notice. 16 of 31 ZSPM4521 High-Efficiency Charger for Li-Ion Batteries with Photovoltaic Sources Any number of data bytes can be transferred from the transmitter to receiver between the START and the STOP conditions. Each byte of eight bits is followed by one ACK bit from the receiver. The SDA line must be released by the transmitter before the receiver can send an ACK bit. The receiver that acknowledges must pull down the SDA line during the ACK clock pulse, so that the SDA line is stable low during the high pulse of the ACK-related clock period. When a slave receiver is addressed, it must generate an ACK after each byte is received. Similarly, the master must generate an ACK after each byte that it receives from the slave transmitter. An end of data is signaled by the master receiver to the slave transmitter by not generating an acknowledge after the last byte has been clocked out of the slave. This is done by the master receiver by holding the SDA line high. The transmitter must then release the data line to enable the master to generate a STOP condition. Figure 2.4 2 I C™ Start / Stop Protocol See Table 1.5 for the definitions and specifications for the timing parameters labeled in Figure 2.5. Figure 2.5 Data Sheet October 3, 2014 2 I C™ Data Transmission Timing © 2014 Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG — Rev. 1.01 All rights reserved. The material contained herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information furnished in this publication is subject to changes without notice. 17 of 31 ZSPM4521 High-Efficiency Charger for Li-Ion Batteries with Photovoltaic Sources 2.4. Status and Configuration Registers Table 2.1 Register Descriptions (Device Address = 48HEX) Register Address 0 00HEX 1 N/A 2 02HEX 3 03HEX Name Default STATUS N/A Description 00HEX Status bit register N/A Register not implemented CONFIG1 1) EEPROM Configuration register CONFIG2 1) EEPROM Configuration register EEPROM Configuration register 4 04HEX CONFIG3 1) 5 05HEX CONFIG4 1) EEPROM Configuration register CONFIG5 1) EEPROM Configuration register N/A Registers not implemented 6 06HEX 7-16 N/A 17 11HEX CONFIG_ENABLE 00HEX Enable configuration register access 12HEX 1) 00HEX EEPROM control register 18 1) N/A EEPROM_CTRL CONFIGx and EEPROM_CTRL registers are only accessible when the CONFIG_ENABLE register is written with the EN_CFG bit set to 1 (see Table 2.8). Table 2.2 STATUS Register—Address 00HEX Note: All of the STATUS register bits are READ-only. DATA BIT FIELD NAME D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 BATT_OV 1C_TO TEMP_0C TEMP_60C TSD TOP_TO VIN_UV TH_OPEN FIELD NAME BIT DEFINITION 1) BATT_OV VBAT over-voltage. 1C_TO Full charge timer has timed out. TEMP_0C Thermistor indicates battery temperature < 0°C. TEMP_60C Thermistor indicates battery temperature > 60°C. TSD Thermal shutdown. TOP_TO Top-off timer has timed out. VIN_UV VIN under-voltage. TH_OPEN Thermistor open (battery not present). 1) Faults are defined as BATT_OV, 1C_TO, TEMP_0C, and TEMP_60C. Warnings are defined as TSD, TOP_TO, VIN_UV, and TH_OPEN. Faults cause the NFLT pin to be pulled low. Warnings do not cause the NFLT pin to be pulled low. All status bits are cleared after STATUS register read access. The NFLT pin will go to high impedance (open-drain output) after the STATUS register has been read and all status bits have been reset. Data Sheet October 3, 2014 © 2014 Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG — Rev. 1.01 All rights reserved. The material contained herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information furnished in this publication is subject to changes without notice. 18 of 31 ZSPM4521 High-Efficiency Charger for Li-Ion Batteries with Photovoltaic Sources Table 2.3 Configuration Register CONFIG1—Address 02HEX Note: All of the CONFIG1 register bits are READ/WRITE. DATA BIT D7 D6 FIELD NAME PRE_CHRG[1:0] D5 D4 D1 D0 V_TERM_10_45[2:0] BIT DEFINITION 1) V_TERM_0_10[2:0] D2 V_TERM_0_10[2:0] FIELD NAME PRE_CHRG[1:0] D3 2) V_TERM_10_45[2:0] 2) Pre-charging configuration 00BIN – 50mA 01BIN – 100mA 10BIN – 185mA 11BIN – 370mA Voltage termination: 0-10°C configuration 000BIN – 3.94V 001BIN – 4.00V 010BIN – 4.05V 011BIN – 4.10V Voltage termination: 10-45°C configuration 100BIN – 4.12V 101BIN – 4.15V 110BIN – 4.18V 111BIN – Invalid setting 1) PRE_CHRG Note: Maximum output current when VBAT < 3.0V. 2) V_TERM Note: There are separate settings for battery temperatures 0-10°C, 10-45°C, 45-50°C , and 50-60°C (see Table 2.4 for 45-50°C and 50-60°C). For <0°C and >60°C, charging is disabled and a fault is set. Table 2.4 Configuration Register CONFIG2—Address 03HEX Note: All of the CONFIG2 register bits are READ/WRITE. DATA BIT D7 FIELD NAME D6 EOC[1:0] D5 D4 V_TERM_45_50[2:0] FIELD NAME EOC[1:0] D3 D2 D1 V_TERM_50_60[2:0] BIT DEFINITION 1) End of charge configuration V_TERM_45_50[2:0] 2) V_TERM_50_60[2:0] 2) Voltage termination: 45-50°C configuration Voltage termination: 50-60°C configuration 00BIN – 50mA 01BIN – 100mA 10BIN – 185mA 11BIN – 370mA 000BIN – 3.94V 001BIN – 4.00V 010BIN – 4.05V 011BIN – 4.10V 100BIN – 4.12V 101BIN – 4.15V 110BIN – 4.18V 111BIN – Invalid setting 1) EOC Note: Maximum output current when VBAT 3.0V. 2) V_TERM Note: There are separate settings for battery temperatures 0-10°C, 10-45°C, 45-50°C , and 50-60°C (see Table 2.3 for 0-10°C and 10-45°C). For <0°C and >60°C, charging is disabled and a fault is set. Data Sheet October 3, 2014 D0 © 2014 Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG — Rev. 1.01 All rights reserved. The material contained herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information furnished in this publication is subject to changes without notice. 19 of 31 ZSPM4521 High-Efficiency Charger for Li-Ion Batteries with Photovoltaic Sources Table 2.5 Configuration Register CONFIG3—Address 04HEX Note: All of the CONFIG3 register bits are READ/WRITE. DATA BIT D7 FIELD NAME D6 D5 D3 MAX_CHRG_CURR_0_10[3:0] FIELD NAME D2 D1 D0 MAX_CHRG_CURR_10_45[3:0] BIT DEFINITION MAX_CHRG_CURR_0_10[3:0] 1) MAX_CHRG_CURR_10_45[3:0] 1) D4 Maximum charge current: 0-10°C configuration 1) Maximum charge current; 10-45°C configuration 0000BIN – 50mA 0001BIN – 100mA 0010BIN – 200mA 0011BIN – 300mA 0100BIN – 400mA 0101BIN – 500mA 0110BIN – 600mA 0111BIN – 700mA 1000BIN – 800mA 1001BIN – 900mA 1010BIN – 1000mA 1011BIN – 1100mA 1100BIN – 1200mA 1101BIN – 1300mA 1110BIN – 1400mA 1111BIN – 1500mA MAX_CHRG_CURR Note: There are separate settings for battery temperatures 0-10°C, 10-45°C, 45-50°C, and 50-60°C (see Table 2.6 for 45-50°C and 50-60°C). For <0°C and >60°C, charging is disabled and a fault is set. Table 2.6 Configuration Register CONFIG4—Address 05HEX Note: All of the CONFIG4 register bits are READ/WRITE. DATA BIT FIELD NAME D7 D6 D5 D4 MAX_CHRG_CURR_45_50[3:0] FIELD NAME D2 D1 D0 MAX_CHRG_CURR_50_60[3:0] BIT DEFINITION MAX_CHRG_CURR_45_50[3:0] 1) Maximum charge current: 45-50°C configuration MAX_CHRG_CURR_50_60[3:0] 1) Maximum charge current: 50-60°C configuration 1) D3 0000BIN – 50mA 0001BIN – 100mA 0010BIN – 200mA 0011BIN – 300mA 0100BIN – 400mA 0101BIN – 500mA 0110BIN – 600mA 0111BIN – 700mA 1000BIN – 800mA 1001BIN – 900mA 1010BIN – 1000mA 1011BIN – 1100mA 1100BIN – 1200mA 1101BIN – 1300mA 1110BIN – 1400mA 1111BIN – 1500mA MAX_CHRG_CURR Note: There are separate settings for battery temperatures 0-10°C, 10-45°C, 45-50°C, and 50-60°C (see Table 2.5 for 0-10°C and 10-45°C). For <0°C and >60°C, charging is disabled and a fault is set. Data Sheet October 3, 2014 © 2014 Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG — Rev. 1.01 All rights reserved. The material contained herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information furnished in this publication is subject to changes without notice. 20 of 31 ZSPM4521 High-Efficiency Charger for Li-Ion Batteries with Photovoltaic Sources Table 2.7 Configuration Register CONFIG5—Address 06HEX Note: All of the CONFIG5 register bits are READ/WRITE. DATA BIT FIELD NAME D7 D6 TOP_END TH D5 D4 TOP_TO[2:0] FIELD NAME TOP_END TH D0 1C_TO[2:0] Thermistor configuration 0BIN – 10kΩ 1BIN – 100kΩ TOP_TO[2:0] 4) 3) Top off timer time out configuration 000BIN – 0 minutes 001BIN – 20 minutes 010BIN – 40 minutes 011BIN – 60 minutes 100BIN – 80 minutes 101BIN – 100 minutes 110BIN – 120 minutes 111BIN – Disable time out timer Full charge timer time out configuration 000BIN – Disable full charge timer 001BIN – 200 minutes 010BIN – 400 minutes 011BIN – 600 minutes 100BIN – 800 minutes 101BIN – 1000 minutes 110BIN – 1200 minutes 111BIN – 1400 minutes 1) TOP_END Note: Charging stops when VVBAT = VTERMINATION and IOUT < TOP_END 2) TH Note: Setting for nominal thermistor and reference resistor value. 3) TOP_TO Note: Timer starts when VVBAT = VTERMINATION and IOUT < EOC. 4) 1C_TO Note: Timer starts when VVBAT > 3.0V. October 3, 2014 D1 Top-off end configuration 0BIN – 25mA 1BIN – 92mA 2) Data Sheet D2 BIT DEFINITION 1) 1C_TO[2:0] D3 © 2014 Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG — Rev. 1.01 All rights reserved. The material contained herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information furnished in this publication is subject to changes without notice. 21 of 31 ZSPM4521 High-Efficiency Charger for Li-Ion Batteries with Photovoltaic Sources Table 2.8 Enable Configuration Register CONFIG_ENABLE—Address 11HEX Note: The reset value for all of the CONFIG_ENABLE register bits is 0. DATA BIT D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 FIELD NAME Not used Not used Not used Not used Not used Not used Not used EN_CFG READ/WRITE R R R R R R R R/W FIELD NAME BIT DEFINITION EN_CFG Table 2.9 Enable-access control bit for configuration registers CONFIG1 through CONFIG5 (addresses 02HEX to 06HEX) 0BIN – Disable access 1BIN – Enable access EEPROM Control Register EEPROM_CTRL—Address 12HEX Note: The reset value for all of the EEPROM_CTRL register bits is 0. DATA BIT D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 FIELD NAME Not used Not used Not used Not used Not used Not used Not used EE_PROG READ/WRITE R R R R R R R R/W FIELD NAME EE_PROG 1) 1) BIT DEFINITION EEPROM program control bit for configuration registers CONFIG1 through CONFIG5 (addresses 02HEX to 06HEX) 0BIN – Disable EEPROM programming 1BIN – Enable EEPROM programming with data from configuration registers CONFIG1 through CONFIG5 (addresses 02HEX to 06HEX) EE_PROG Note: Inputs VIN and EN must be present for 200ms. Data Sheet October 3, 2014 © 2014 Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG — Rev. 1.01 All rights reserved. The material contained herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information furnished in this publication is subject to changes without notice. 22 of 31 ZSPM4521 High-Efficiency Charger for Li-Ion Batteries with Photovoltaic Sources 3 3.1. Application Circuits Typical Application Circuit Figure 3.1 Typical Application Circuit for Charging a Lithium-Ion Battery via Photovoltaic Cells ZSPM4521 Photovoltaic Cells VIN VTH_REF RREF CIN VTHERM GND CVDD RSENSE LOUT VDD Battery SW COUT VDD RPULLUP (optional) SCL VSENSE SDA VBAT RTHM VDD EN NFLT RPULLUP (optional) PGND 3.2. Selection of External Components Note that the internal compensation is optimized for a 4.7µF output capacitor (COUT) and a 4.7µH output inductor (LOUT). Table 1.3 provides recommended ranges for most of the following components. 3.2.1. COUT Output Capacitor To keep the output ripple low, a low ESR (less than 35mΩ) ceramic capacitor is recommended for the 4.7µF output filter capacitor. The ESR should not exceed 100mΩ. 3.2.2. LOUT Output Inductor For best performance, an inductor with a saturation current rating higher than the maximum V OUT load requirement plus the inductor current ripple should be used for the 4.7µH output filter inductor. 3.2.3. CIN Bypass Capacitor for Input from Photovoltaic Source For best performance, a low ESR ceramic capacitor should be used for the 10µF input supply bypass capacitor. If it is not a low ESR ceramic capacitor, a 0.1µF ceramic capacitor should be added in parallel to CIN. Data Sheet October 3, 2014 © 2014 Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG — Rev. 1.01 All rights reserved. The material contained herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information furnished in this publication is subject to changes without notice. 23 of 31 ZSPM4521 High-Efficiency Charger for Li-Ion Batteries with Photovoltaic Sources 3.2.4. CVDD Bypass Capacitor for VDD Internal Reference Voltage Output For best performance, a low ESR ceramic capacitor should be used for the100nF bypass capacitor from the VDD pin to ground. 3.2.5. RSENSE Output Sensing Resistor The typical value for the output sensing resistor is 50mΩ. 3.2.6. Pull-up Resistors 2 For proper function of the I C™ interface, the SDA pin must be connected to a positive supply (e.g., the VDD pin) through an external pull-up resistor. For proper function of the fault-warning signal on the NFLT pin, it must be connected to a positive supply (VDD) through an external pull-up resistor. Data Sheet October 3, 2014 © 2014 Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG — Rev. 1.01 All rights reserved. The material contained herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information furnished in this publication is subject to changes without notice. 24 of 31 ZSPM4521 High-Efficiency Charger for Li-Ion Batteries with Photovoltaic Sources 4 4.1. Pin Configuration and Package ZSPM4521 Package Dimensions Figure 4.1 Data Sheet October 3, 2014 PQFN-16 Package Dimensions © 2014 Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG — Rev. 1.01 All rights reserved. The material contained herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information furnished in this publication is subject to changes without notice. 25 of 31 ZSPM4521 High-Efficiency Charger for Li-Ion Batteries with Photovoltaic Sources Pin-Out Assignments 11 10 9 VTHERM 12 VTH_REF ZSPM4521 Pin Assignments VIN Figure 4.2 SCL 4.2. 13 SDA 14 SW 15 PGND VDD 8 ZSPM4521 PQFN16 4X4 Top View 4.3. SW VIN VSENSE VBAT 16 PGND 1 2 3 4 NFLT 7 EN 6 GND 5 Pin Description for 16-Pin PQFN (4 x 4 mm) Table 4.1 Pin Description Pin # Name Function Description 1 SW Switching Voltage Node Connect to LOUT 4.7µH (typical) inductor. Also connect to additional SW pin 14. 2 VIN Photovoltaic Input Voltage Input voltage from the photovoltaic cell. Also connect to CIN. Also connect to additional VIN pin 11. 3 VSENSE Current Sense Positive Input Positive input for the MPPT current loop. 4 VBAT Output Voltage Regulator feedback input. 5 GND GND Primary ground for the majority of the device except the low-side power FET. 6 EN Enable Input When EN is high ( 2.2V), the device is enabled. Ground the pin to disable the device. Includes internal pull-up. 7 NFLT Inverted Fault Open-drain output. 8 VDD Internal 3.3V Supply Output Connect to a 100nF capacitor to GND. 9 VTHERM Battery Temperature Sensor Minus Node Negative node for the thermistor, which must be located in close proximity to the battery. Data Sheet October 3, 2014 © 2014 Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG — Rev. 1.01 All rights reserved. The material contained herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information furnished in this publication is subject to changes without notice. 26 of 31 ZSPM4521 High-Efficiency Charger for Li-Ion Batteries with Photovoltaic Sources Pin # Name 10 VTH_REF 11 4.4. Function Description Battery Temperature Sensor Positive Node Positive node for the thermistor, which must be located in close proximity to the battery. VIN Photovoltaic Input Voltage Additional VIN pin for input voltage from the photovoltaic cell; connect to VIN pin 2. 12 SCL Clock Input I C™ clock input. 13 SDA Data Input/Output I C™ data (open-drain output). 14 SW Switching Voltage Node Additional SW pin; connect to SW pin 1. 15 PGND Power GND GND supply for internal low-side FET/integrated diode. Also connect to additional PGND pin 16. 16 PGND Power GND GND supply for internal low-side FET/integrated diode. Also connect to additional PGND pin 15. 2 2 Package Markings Figure 4.3 Marking Diagram 16-Pin PQFN (4 x 4 mm) 4521A XXXXX oYYWW Data Sheet October 3, 2014 XXXXX: Lot Number (last five digits) O: Pin 1 mark YY: Year WW: Work Week © 2014 Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG — Rev. 1.01 All rights reserved. The material contained herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information furnished in this publication is subject to changes without notice. 27 of 31 ZSPM4521 High-Efficiency Charger for Li-Ion Batteries with Photovoltaic Sources 5 Layout Recommendations To maximize the efficiency of this package for application on a single layer or multi-layer PCB, certain guidelines must be followed when laying out this part on the PCB. 5.1. Multi-Layer PCB Layout The following are guidelines for mounting the exposed pad ZSPM4521 on a multi-layer PCB with ground a plane. In a multi-layer board application, the thermal vias are the primary method of heat transfer from the package thermal pad to the internal ground plane. The efficiency of this method depends on several factors, including die area, number of thermal vias, and thickness of copper, etc. Figure 5.1 Package and PCB Land Configuration for Multi-Layer PCB Solder Pad (Land Pattern) Package Thermal Pad Thermal Vias Package Outline Figure 5.2 JEDEC Standard FR4 Multi-Layer Board – Cross-Sectional View (square) Package Solder Pad 1.5038 - 1.5748 mm Component Trace (2oz Cu) 2 Plane 4 Plane 1.5748mm Component Traces Thermal Via Thermal Isolation Power plane only 1.0142 - 1.0502 mm Ground Plane (1oz Cu) 0.5246 - 0.5606 mm Power Plane (1oz Cu) 0.0 - 0.071 mm Board Base & Bottom Pad Package Solder Pad (bottom trace) Data Sheet October 3, 2014 © 2014 Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG — Rev. 1.01 All rights reserved. The material contained herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information furnished in this publication is subject to changes without notice. 28 of 31 ZSPM4521 High-Efficiency Charger for Li-Ion Batteries with Photovoltaic Sources Figure 5.3 is a representation of how the heat can be conducted away from the die using an exposed pad package. Each application will have different requirements and limitations, and therefore the user should use sufficient copper to dissipate the power in the system. The output current rating for the linear regulators might need to be de-rated for higher ambient temperatures. The de-rated value will depend on calculated worst-case power dissipation and the thermal management implementation in the application. Figure 5.3 Conducting Heat Away from the Die using an Exposed Pad Package Mold compound Die Epoxy Die attach Exposed pad Solder 5% - 10% Cu coverage Single Layer, 2oz Cu Ground Layer, 1oz Cu Signal Layer, 1oz Cu Thermal Vias with Cu plating 90% Cu coverage 20% Cu coverage Bottom Layer, 2oz Cu Note: NOT to scale. 5.2. Single-Layer PCB Layout Layout recommendations for a single-layer PCB: Utilize as much copper area for power management as possible. In a single-layer board application, the thermal pad is attached to a heat spreader (copper areas) by using a low thermal impedance attachment method (solder paste or thermal conductive epoxy). In both of the methods mentioned above, it is advisable to use as much copper trace as possible to dissipate the heat. Data Sheet October 3, 2014 © 2014 Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG — Rev. 1.01 All rights reserved. The material contained herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information furnished in this publication is subject to changes without notice. 29 of 31 ZSPM4521 High-Efficiency Charger for Li-Ion Batteries with Photovoltaic Sources Figure 5.4 Application Using a Single-Layer PCB Use as much copper area as possible for heat spread Package Thermal Pad Package Outline Important: If the attachment method is NOT implemented correctly, the functionality of the product is NOT guaranteed. Power dissipation capability will be adversely affected if the device is incorrectly mounted onto the circuit board. 6 7 Ordering Information Ordering Code Description Package ZSPM4521AA1W ZSPM4521 High Efficiency Li-Ion Battery Charger for Photovoltaic Sources 16-pin PQFN / 7” Reel (1000 parts) ZSPM4521AA1R ZSPM4521 High Efficiency Li-Ion Battery Charger for Photovoltaic Sources 16-pin PQFN / 13” Reel (3300 parts) ZSPM4521KIT ZSPM4521 Evaluation Kit Related Documents Document File Name ZSPM4521 Feature Sheet ZSPM4521_Feature_Sheet_revX_xy.pdf ZSPM4521 Evaluation Kit Description ZSPM4521_Eval_Kit_Description_revX_xy.pdf ZSPM4521 Application Note – Solar Powered Battery Management and Charging Solutions ZSPM4521_App_Note_Solar-Batt-Charging_revX_xy.pdf Visit ZMDI’s website www.zmdi.com or contact your nearest sales office for the latest version of these documents. Data Sheet October 3, 2014 © 2014 Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG — Rev. 1.01 All rights reserved. The material contained herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information furnished in this publication is subject to changes without notice. 30 of 31 ZSPM4521 High-Efficiency Charger for Li-Ion Batteries with Photovoltaic Sources 8 Document Revision History Revision Date Description 1.00 February 14, 2013 First release. 1.01 October 3, 2014 Revision of specification for VTH_REF output voltage in Table 1.4. Updates for contact information and imagery on cover and headers. Sales and Further Information www.zmdi.com [email protected] Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG Global Headquarters Grenzstrasse 28 01109 Dresden, Germany ZMD America, Inc. 1525 McCarthy Blvd., #212 Milpitas, CA 95035-7453 USA Central Office: Phone +49.351.8822.306 Fax +49.351.8822.337 USA Phone 1.855.275.9634 Phone +1.408.883.6310 Fax +1.408.883.6358 European Technical Support Phone +49.351.8822.7.772 Fax +49.351.8822.87.772 DISCLAIMER: This information applies to a product under development. Its characteristics and specifications are subject to change without notice. Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG (ZMD AG) assumes no obligation regarding future manufacture unless otherwise agreed to in writing. The information furnished hereby is believed to be true and accurate. However, under no circumstances shall ZMD AG be liable to any customer, licensee, or any other third party for any special, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages of any kind or nature whatsoever arising out of or in any way related to the furnishing, performance, or use of this technical data. ZMD AG hereby expressly disclaims any liability of ZMD AG to any customer, licensee or any other third party, and any such customer, licensee and any other third party hereby waives any liability of ZMD AG for any damages in connection with or arising out of the furnishing, performance or use of this technical data, whether based on contract, warranty, tort (including negligence), strict liability, or otherwise. European Sales (Stuttgart) Phone +49.711.674517.55 Fax +49.711.674517.87955 Data Sheet October 3, 2014 Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG, Japan Office 2nd Floor, Shinbashi Tokyu Bldg. 4-21-3, Shinbashi, Minato-ku Tokyo, 105-0004 Japan ZMD FAR EAST, Ltd. 3F, No. 51, Sec. 2, Keelung Road 11052 Taipei Taiwan Phone +81.3.6895.7410 Fax +81.3.6895.7301 Phone +886.2.2377.8189 Fax +886.2.2377.8199 Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG, Korea Office U-space 1 Building 11th Floor, Unit JA-1102 670 Sampyeong-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si Gyeonggi-do, 463-400 Korea Phone +82.31.950.7679 Fax +82.504.841.3026 © 2014 Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden AG — Rev. 1.01 All rights reserved. The material contained herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information furnished in this publication is subject to changes without notice. 31 of 31