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PT4301
Low Power High Sensitivity 315/434MHz
OOK/ASK Superheterodyne Receiver
DESCRIPTION
The PT4301 is a very low power and highly sensitive
single chip OOK/ASK super-heterodyne receiver for
the 315MHz and 434MHz frequency bands that offers
a high level of integration and requires only a few
external components. The PT4301 consists of a
low-noise amplifier (LNA), an image-rejection mixer,
an on-chip phase-locked loop (PLL) with integrated
voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and loop filter, a
10.7MHz intermediate frequency (IF) limiting amplifier
stage with received-signal-strength indicator (RSSI),
and analog baseband data recovery circuitry (data
filter, peak detector, and data slicer). The PT4301 also
implements a discrete one-step automatic gain control
(AGC) that reduces the LNA gain by 20dB when the
RF input signal is greater than -47dBm. The PT4301 is
available in a 24-pin SSOP package.
FEATURES
• Low current consumption (5mA fully active mode at
315MHz)
• 2.4V to 5.5V supply voltage operation range
• Optimized for 315MHz or 434MHz ISM Band
• On-chip image-rejection function
• High dynamic range with on-chip AGC
• Low power down mode current (<1µA)
• High sensitivity of -114dBm (315MHz, 2Kb/s AM
99%
square-wave modulation)
• 24-pin SSOP package
APPLICATIONS
• Remote keyless entry (RKE) systems
• Remote control systems including garage door and
gate openers
• Alarm and security systems
• Wireless sensors
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Tel: 886-66296288‧Fax: 886-29174598‧ http://www.princeton.com.tw‧2F, 233-1, Baociao Road, Sindian, Taipei 23145, Taiwan
PT4301
APPLICATION CIRCUIT
C15
X1
1
XOUT
XIN
2
REGIF
CE
3
LNAIN
PDOUT
22
4
VSSLNA
DATA
21
5
LNAOUT
VDD5
20
6
REGRF
DSP
19
7
MIXIN
DFFB
18
8
VSSMIX
OPP
17
C1
C4
L3
C2
L1
C14
U1
VDD5
24
23
C13
R4
C3
PWR
R5
R1
PT4301
C6
L2
C7
PTC
C5
9
MIXOUT
DSN
16
10
VSSDIG
DFO
15
11
REGDIG
LIMINB
14
12
AGCDIS
LIMIN
13
C12
C11
REGDIG
R2
R7
CE
C16
R3
C10
C9
C8
R6
F1
BILL OF MATERIALS
Component
R1, R4
R2
R3
R5
R6
R7
L1
L2
L3
C1Note1 ,C7, C12
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C8
C9
C10
C11
C13
C14, C15
C16
F1Note2
X1
U1
Value
315MHz
10
27K
8.2M
220K
100K
5.6K
68n
47n
39n
100n
10p
1.8p
100p
1.5n
470n
390p
1.2n
27p
100n
10.7
9.509
PT4301 IC
Unit
434MHz
10
27K
8.2M
220K
100K
5.6K
39n
27n
27n
100n
10p
1.2p
100p
1.5n
470n
390p
1.2n
27p
100n
10.7
13.226
PT4301 IC
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
H
H
H
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
MHz
MHz
-
Description
Power supply de-coupling resistors (option)
Data filter to data slicer interface resistor
Data slicer threshold adjustment (option)
Data filter to data slicer interface resistor
AGC disable
REGDIS discharge resistor (option)
LNA input matching, coil inductor
LNA output matching
Antenna ESD protection, coil inductor (option)
Power supply de-coupling resistors
LNA input matching
LNA input matching (option)
LNA input matching
LNA output matching (option)
LNA to mixer interface capacitor
IF amplifier de-coupling capacitor
Data slicer threshold charge capacitor
Data filter capacitor
Data filter capacitor
Peak mode charge capacitor (option)
Crystal oscillator frequency fine tune capacitors
AGC high gain mode quick start capacitor
IF filter
Reference crystal oscillator
Receiver chip
Notes:
1. C1 could be separated into three de-coupling capacitors and connect them against the three VDD pins as close as possible.
2. F1 is the 10.7MHz ceramic filter. The recommended part number is Murata SFELA10M7HA00-B0.
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October 2010
PT4301
ORDER INFORMATION
Valid Part Number
PT4301-X
Package Type
24 Pins, SSOP, 150mil
Top Code
PT4301-X
PIN CONFIGURATION
PIN DESCRIPTION
Pin Name
XOUT
REGIF
LNAIN
VSSLNA
LNAOUT
REGRF
MIXIN
VSSMIX
MIXOUT
VSSDIG
REGDIG
AGCDIS
LIMIN
LIMINB
DFO
DSN
OPP
DFFB
DSP
VDD5
DATA
PDOUT
CE
XIN
I/O
O
P
I
G
O
P
I
G
O
G
P
I
I
I
O
I
I
I/O
I
P
O
O
I
I
Description
Crystal oscillator output
Supply voltage for IF portion
LNA input
Ground for LNA
LNA output
Supply voltage for RF portion
Mixer input
Ground for image-rejection mixer
Mixer output
Ground for LO and digital portions
Supply voltage for LO and digital portions
AGC control pin. Pull high (connect to VDD5) to disable AGC
Limiting amplifier input
Limiter amplifier de-coupling input
Data filter output
Negative data slicer input
Non-inverting op-amp input for Sallen-Key data filter
Data filter feedback node
Positive data slicer input
5V supply voltage
Data output
Peak detector output
Chip enable pin. Pull high (connect to VDD5) to power on the chip
Crystal oscillator input
Pin No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Note: Pin 13 and Pin 14 are identical pins. Users can choose either pin as the limiting amplifier input and treat the other pin as the de-coupling input.
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October 2010
PT4301
FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
The PT4301 CMOS superheterodyne receiver achieves both low power consumption and high sensitivity and functions
as a complete receive chain from antenna input to digital data output. Depending upon the component selection, data
rates as high as 50Kb/s may be achieved at both 315 and 434MHz frequency bands.
LOW NOISE AMPLIFIER (LNA)
The LNA is an on-chip cascade amplifier with a power gain of 16dB and a noise figure of approximately 3dB. The gain is
determined by external matching networks in front of the LNA and between the LNA output and the mixer input.
Examples of the input matching network and the input impedance of the PT4301 for 315/434MHz bands are shown in
Figure 1. The component values given in the table following the application circuit shown in page 2 are nominal values
only. For a particular PCB layout, the user may be required to make component adjustments in order to achieve highest
sensitivity.
Frequency(MHz)
315
433.92
LNA Input Impedance (Pin 3)
Normalized to 50Ω
2.45-j138.4
3.05-j194.85
Figure 1. LNA Input Matching Circuit and Input Impedance of PT4301
The LNA output of PT4301 externally connects to the mixer stage. For the interface between the LNA and mixer, the
coupling capacitor should be as close to the PT4301 pins as possible, with the bias inductor being further away. The
value of the inductor may be changed to compensate for trace inductance. For obtaining better LNA gain, it is
recommended to add a capacitor in parallel with this inductor to implement a resonant tank at the desired frequency as
shown in Figure 2. Note that the LNA might self-oscillate and degrade the receiver sensitivity if a large output inductor
value is chosen. An alternative matching method is to replace the parallel capacitor with a 330Ω to 1KΩ resistor, which
would reduce the resonant tank Q (quality factor) to avoid the self-oscillation.
Figure 2. LNA Output Matching Circuit
The LNA incorporates gain control circuitry. When the RSSI voltage exceeds a threshold reference value corresponding
to an RF input level of approximately -47dBm, the AGC switches on the LNA gain reduction resistor. The loading resistor
reduces the LNA gain by 20dB, thereby reducing the RSSI output by approximately 260mV. The threshold reference
voltage which is compared with the RSSI voltage to determine the gain state of the LNA is also reduced. The LNA
resumes high-gain mode when the RSSI voltage drops below this lower threshold voltage corresponding to
approximately -63dBm RF input. The AGC incorporates an additional protection mechanism (delay timer of 220×TREF
seconds) to prevent immediate resetting of the LNA back to the high-gain state during reception of a “space” for
OOK/ASK modulation.
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October 2010
PT4301
MIXER
A special feature of the PT4301 is its integrated double-balanced image-rejection mixer, which eliminates the need for a
costly front-end SAW filter for many applications. The advantages of not using a SAW filter include simplified antenna
matching, less board space, and lower BOM cost. The mixer cell is a pair of double-balanced mixers that perform an IQ
down-conversion of the RF input to the 10.7MHz IF with low-side injection (i.e. fLO=fRF – fIF). The image-rejection circuit
then combines these signals to achieve a typical 35dB of image-rejection ratio. Low-side injection is required since
high-side injection is not possible due to the on-chip image rejection. The IF output is driven by a source follower biased
to create a driving impedance of 330Ω to interface with an off-chip 330Ω ceramic IF filter. The voltage-conversion gain of
the image-rejection mixer is approximately 18dB at 315MHz and 15dB at 433.92MHz with a 330Ω load.
PHASE-LOCKED LOOP (PLL)
The PT4301 utilizes a fixed divided-by-32 PLL to generate the receiver LO. The PLL consists of the voltage-controlled
oscillator (VCO), crystal oscillator, asynchronous÷32 divider, charge pump, loop filter and phase-frequency detector
(PFD). All these components are integrated on-chip. The PFD compares two signals and produces an error signal which
is proportional to the difference between the input phases. The error signal passes through a loop filter with an
approximately 400KHz bandwidth, and is used to control the VCO which generates an LO frequency. The VCO
frequency is also fed through a frequency divider back to one input of the PFD, producing a feedback loop. Thus, the
output is locked to the reference frequency at the other input, which is derived from a crystal oscillator (i.e.
fREF=(fRF–fIF)/32). The block diagram below shows the basic elements of the PLL.
Figure 3. Phase-locked Loop in PT4301
To achieve an accurate frequency for the crystal oscillator, it is recommended to specify the suitable load capacitors,
C14 and C15. Specifying the value of 27pF is acceptable. Choosing a lower value of crystal parallel equivalent
capacitance, C0=1.5pF is also a suitable, but this may increase the price of the crystal itself. Typically the value of
C0_max is 7.0pF.
Figure 4. Crystal Oscillator Circuit
The reference oscillator frequency is close to 10.7 MHz intermediate frequency. It is necessary to avoid signal trace
coupling between the reference oscillator and intermediate frequency. Otherwise, it would degrade receiver
performance.
LIMITER/RSSI
The limiter is an AC coupled multi-stage amplifier with a cumulative gain of approximately 72dB that possesses a
band-pass characteristic. The -3dB bandwidth of the limiter is around 12MHz. The limiter circuit also produces an RSSI
voltage that is directly proportional to the input signal level with a slope of approximately 13mV/dB. The RSSI signal is
used to demodulate ASK-modulated receive signals in the subsequent baseband circuitry. The RSSI output level has
the dynamic range of approximately 80dB.
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October 2010
PT4301
AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL (AGC)
The AGC circuitry monitors the RSSI voltage level. As described previously, when the RSSI voltage reaches a first value
corresponding to an RF input level of approximately -47dBm, the AGC reduces the LNA gain by 20dB, thereby reducing
the RSSI output by approximately 260mV. When the RSSI voltage drops below a level corresponding to an RF input of
approximately -63dBm, the AGC sets the LNA back to high-gain mode.
Figure 5 shows the change of RSSI voltage versus RF input power. When the RSSI level increases and then exceeds
1.77V (RF input power rising), the AGC switches the LNA from high-gain mode to low-gain mode. As RSSI level
decreases back to 1.16V (RF input power falling), the AGC switches the LNA from low-gain mode back to high-gain
mode. The AGC has an additional protection mechanism (delay timer of 220×TREF seconds) when the LNA is reset back
to the high-gain state.
RSSI vs. RF Input Power
1.9
1.8
1.7
RSSI Level (V)
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
AGC Disable
AGC Enable; RF Pow er from L to H
AGC Enable; RF Pow er from H to L
1.1
1
0.9
-120
-110
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
RF Input Power (dBm)
Figure 5. RSSI vs. RF Input Power
DATA FILTER
The data filter is implemented as a 2nd-order low-pass Sallen-Key filter as shown in Figure 6. The pole locations are set
by the combination of two on-chip resistors and two external capacitors. Adjusting the value of the external capacitors
changes the corner frequency to optimize for different data rates. The corner frequency should be set to approximately
1.5 times the highest expected data rate from the transmitter.
Figure 6. Ideal Sallen-Key Filter
Utilizing the on-board voltage follower and the two 100KΩ on-chip resistors, a 2nd-order Sallen-Key low pass data filter
may be constructed by adding 2 external capacitors between pins 15 (DFO) and 18 (DFFB) and to pin 17 (OPP) as
depicted in the Page 2. The following table shows the recommended values of the capacitors for different data rates.
V1.4
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October 2010
PT4301
Data Rate
<2Kb/s
2Kb/s - 10Kb/s
10Kb/s - 20Kb/s
20Kb/s - 40Kb/s
>40Kb/sNote
C11 (pF)
1000
470
150
56
15
C10 (pF)
270
100
56
15
4.7
Notes:
1. The maximum data rate of PT4301 is 50Kb/s
2. The component values may be different, which depend upon the data duty and codec pattern.
PEAK DETECTOR
The peak detector generates a DC voltage which is proportional to the peak value of the received data signal. An
external R-C network is necessary. The peak detector input is connected to the data filter internally, and its output is
connected to pin 16 (DSN) through the R-C network. This output may be used as an indicator of the received signal
strength in wake-up circuits or used as a reference for data slicing. The time constant is calculated using the driving
current of the op-amp in data filter, 100µA.
Figure 7. Circuit for Using Peak Detector for Faster Start-Up
DATA SLICER
The data slicer consists chiefly of a fast comparator, which allows for a maximum receive data rate of up to 50Kb/s. The
maximum achievable data rate also depends upon the IF filter bandwidth. Both data slicer inputs are accessible off-chip
to allow for easy adjustment of the slicing threshold. The output delivers a digital data signal (CMOS level) for
subsequent circuits. The self-adjusting threshold on pin 16 (DSN) is generated by an R-C network or peak detector,
depending upon the baseband coding scheme.
The suggested data slicer configuration is shown in Figure 8. The cut-off frequency of the R-C integrator must be set
lower than the lowest frequency appearing in the data signal to minimize distortion in the output signal.
Figure 8. Circuit for Generating Data Slicer Threshold
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October 2010
PT4301
DEMODULATION
With different circuit combinations, the PT4301 may utilize two demodulation modes, called “peak mode” and “average
mode.”
PEAK MODE
In conjunction with an external RC filter (R3 and C13), the threshold voltage may be set at the peak detector output for
comparison as shown in Figure 7. The demodulated data enters into a quasi-mute state as the RF input signal becomes
very small (when there is no RF signal received or the RF signal is too small) and the DATA output remains mostly at a
logic “HIGH” level. If the environment is very noisy, the R3 value may be enlarged to achieve better immunity against
noise, but at the cost of less sensitivity.
AVERAGE MODE
When the “average mode” has been set as shown in Figure 8, the DATA output will exhibit a toggling behavior similar to
random noise. In this mode, better sensitivity may be achieved, but noise immunity is worse than in “peak mode.”
SENSITIVITY AND SELECTIVITY
In digital radio systems, sensitivity is often defined as the lowest signal level at the receiver input that will achieve a
specified bit error ratio (BER) at the output. The sensitivity of the PT4301 receiver, when used in the 434MHz application
shown in Figure 9, is typically -106dBm (OOK modulated with 2Kb/s, 50% duty cycle square wave in average mode) to
achieve a 0.1% BER. The input was matched for a 50Ω signal source. At 315MHz, -108dBm sensitivity is typically
achievable.
The selectivity is governed by the response of the receiver front-end circuitry, the channel filter (off-chip 10.7MHz IF
filter), and the data filter. Note the IF filter provides not only channel selectivity but also the interference rejection. Within
the pass band of the receiver, no rejection for interfering signals is provided.
Sensitivity for 433.92 MHz F requency Band
0
S ens it iv it y (dBm)
-2 0
-4 0
-6 0
-8 0
-1 0 0
-1 2 0
411
414
417
420
423
426
429
432
435
RF Input Frequenc y (MHz )
Figure 9. Sensitivity of PT4301
V1.4
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October 2010
PT4301
POWER-DOWN CONTROL
The chip enable (CE) pin controls the power on/off behavior of the PT4301. Connecting CE to “HIGH” sets the PT4301 to
its normal operation mode; connecting CE to “LOW” sets the PT4301 to standby mode. The chip consumption current
will be lower than 1µA in standby mode. Once enabled, the PT4301 requires <10ms to recover received data.
Figure 10. Timing plot of PT4301 Chip Enable under 27°C & -80dBm Input Power Test Condition.
ANTENNA DESIGN
For a λ/4 dipole antenna and operating frequency, f (in MHz), the required antenna length, L (in cm), may be calculated
by using the formula
L=
7132
f
For example, if the frequency is 315MHz, then the length of a λ/4 antenna is 22.6cm. If the calculated antenna length is
too long for the application, then it may be reduced to λ/8, λ/16, etc. without degrading the input return loss. However,
the RF input matching circuit may need to be re-optimized. Note that in general, the shorter the antenna, the worse the
receiver sensitivity and the shorter the detection distance. Usually, when designing a λ/4 dipole antenna, it is better to
use a single conductive wire (diameter about 0.8mm to 1.6mm) rather than a multiple core wire.
If the antenna is printed on the PCB, ensure there is neither any component nor ground plane underneath the antenna
on the backside of PCB. For an FR4 PCB (εr=4.7) and a strip-width of 30mil, the length of the antenna, L (in cm), is
calculated by
L=
V1.4
c
4× f × εr
where “c” is the speed of light (3 x1010cm/s)
9
October 2010
PT4301
ANTENNA PART ESD PROTECTION
PT4301 IC provides the ESD level (Human Body Mode) better than 3KV at LNAIN pin. However, the higher ESD
protection level would be required in system level for some applications. The extra ESD protection level could rely on the
external components. Changing L1 from SMD type to coil type could enhance ESD protection level of around 1KV, and
adding a shunt coil inductor L3 in the front of C4 to gain more ESD protection enhancements.
C4
L3
RF Frequency fRF
315MHz
340MHz
390MHz
433.92MHz
To LNAIN
L1
Suggestion Value of L3
39nH
39nH
33nH
27nH
Figure 11. Antenna ESD Protection Inductor of PT4301
PCB LAYOUT CONSIDERATION
Proper PCB layout is extremely critical in achieving good RF performance. At the very least, using a two-layer PCB is
strongly recommended, so that one layer may incorporate a continuous ground plane. A large number of via holes
should connect the ground plane areas between the top and bottom layers. Note that if the PCB design incorporates a
printed loop antenna, there should be no ground plane beneath the antenna.
Within the PT4301, the power supply rails of the LNA and others blocks should be separated for improving the isolation
and minimizing the noise coupling effects. Careful consideration must also be paid to the supply power and ground at the
board level. The larger ground area plane should be placed as close as possible to all the VSS pins. To reduce supply
bus noise coupling, the power supply trace should be incorporate series-R, shunt-C filtering as shown in Figure 12.
Figure 12. Noise Rejection Filter for Power Bus
V1.4
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October 2010
PT4301
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
(VSS=0V)
Parameter
Supply voltage range
Operating temperature range
Storage temperature range
Soldering temperature
Soldering time
Symbol
VDD5
Topr
Tstg
TSLD
tSLD
Rating
VSS-0.3 to VSS+6.0
-40 to +85
-55 to +125
255
10
Unit
V
℃
℃
℃
s
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
(VSS=0V)
Parameter
Symbol
Supply voltage range
Operating temperature
V1.4
VDD5
TA
11
Min.
2.4
-40
Value
Typ.
5.0
27
Max.
5.5
85
Unit
V
℃
October 2010
PT4301
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(Unless otherwise specified, VDD5=5.0V, VSS=0V, CE=“HIGH”, Temp=27℃)
Parameter
General Characteristics
Frequency range
Maximum receiver input level
SensitivityNote1
Note3
Symbol
fRF
PRF,MAX
SIN
Data rate
Image rejection ratio
LO leakage
DRate
IMR
LLO
System start-up time
Tstart-up
Condition
ASKNote2, peak power level
@315MHz
OOK, peak power level
@315MHz
ASK, peak power level
@434MHz
OOK, peak power level
@434MHz
Min.
Value
Typ.
250
-25
-20
25
Max.
Unit
500
MHz
dBm
-114
-112
dBm
-108
-106
dBm
-112
-110
dBm
-106
-104
dBm
2
35
50
-80
Kb/s
dB
dBm
10
ms
5.0
5.5
V
5.0
5.3
5.5
5.9
1.0
mA
mA
µA
16
15
3
20
18
3.6
dB
dB
dB
Measured at RF input
RF input power=-60dBm
Temp=27℃
Power Supply
Supply voltage
VDD5
Consumption DC current
IDD5
Standby DC current
LNA
Istand-by
13
12
NFLNA
IIP3LNA
Matched to 50Ω
-20
GLNA
Noise figure
Input third-order intermodulation
intercept point
Auto Gain Control (AGC)Note4
AGC hysteresis
LNA voltage gain reduction
AGC delay time
Down-conversion Mixer
Input third-order intermodulation
intercept point
Output impedance
PLL
Reference frequency
VCO frequency range
Limiter Amplifier and RSSI
IF frequency
Input impedance
RSSI dynamic range
RSSI gain
2.4
Matched to 50Ω@315MHz
Matched to 50Ω@434MHz
Matched to 50Ω
Power gain
Conversion voltage gain
Connect the supply voltage to
VDD5 pin only
CE=”HIGH”@315MHz
CE=”HIGH“@434MHz
CE=”LOW”
HAGC
GRed
DYAGC
GMIX
TREF=1/fREF
@315MHz
@434MHz
15
12
dBm
16
20
220×TREF
30
dB
dB
s
18
15
22
18
dB
dB
-18
IIP3MIX
ZOUT,MIX
dBm
330
fREF
fVCO
6
220
fIF
ZIN,LIM
DRRSSI
SLRSSI
Ω
16
550
10.7
330
80
13
MHz
MHz
MHz
Ω
dB
mV/dB
Notes:
e-3
1. BER=1 , data rate=2Kb/s.
2. AM 99% square-wave modulation.
3. The selection of data rate depends upon the component values use for the data filter, peak detector, and slicer.
4. AGC hysteresis and LNA gain reduction depend upon the gain setting and matching circuits of the LNA. The AGC delay time depends upon the PLL
reference frequency.
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October 2010
PT4301
TEST BOARD LAYOUT
<Top Side>
<Bottom Side>
Figure 12. Example of Test Board Layout
V1.4
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October 2010
PT4301
PACKAGE INFORMATION
24 PINS, SSOP, 150MIL
Symbol
A
A1
b
c
D
E
E1
e
L
θ
Min.
0.10
0.20
0.10
Nom.
8.66 BSC
5.99 BSC
3.91 BSC
0.635 BSC
-
0.41
0°
Max.
1.75
0.25
0.30
0.25
1.27
8°
Notes:
1. Refer to JEDEC MO-137AE.
2. All dimensions are in millimeter.
V1.4
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October 2010
PT4301
IMPORTANT NOTICE
Princeton Technology Corporation (PTC) reserves the right to make corrections, modifications, enhancements,
improvements, and other changes to its products and to discontinue any product without notice at any time.
PTC cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a PTC product. No
circuit patent licenses are implied.
Princeton Technology Corp.
2F, 233-1, Baociao Road,
Sindian, Taipei 23145, Taiwan
Tel: 886-2-66296288
Fax: 886-2-29174598
http://www.princeton.com.tw
V1.4
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October 2010