High Voltage Synchronous Buck PWM Controller with Integrated Gate Driver and Current Sharing Capability ISL8115 Features The ISL8115 is a synchronous buck PWM controller with current sharing capability. The current sharing function allows multiple modules to be connected in parallel to achieve higher output current and to reduce input and output ripple current, resulting in fewer components and reduced output dissipation. • Wide VIN range operation: 2.97V to 36V; up to 5.5V output and 30A load current per phase • Fast transient response - Voltage-mode PWM leading-edge modulation with non-linear control - Input voltage feed-forward • Integrated 5V high speed 4A MOSFET gate drivers - Internal bootstrap diode • Excellent output voltage regulation - 0.6V ±1.0% internal reference (-40°C ~ 125°C) - 0.6V ±0.7% internal reference (-40°C ~ 105°C) - Differential voltage sensing • Excellent current balancing and overcurrent protection - Peak and average overcurrent protection - Output current monitor on the ISET pin • Oscillator programmable from 150kHz to 1.5MHz - Frequency synchronization to external clock signal • Diode emulation mode for light load efficiency improvement • Power-good open drain output • Pre-bias start-up function Utilizing voltage-mode control with input voltage feed-forward compensation, the ISL8115 maintains a constant loop gain for optimal transient response, especially for applications with a wide input voltage range. The ISL8115 protects against overcurrent conditions by inhibiting the PWM operation while monitoring the current with DCR of the output inductor, or a precision resistor. It also has a pre-POR overvoltage protection option, which provides some protection to the load if the upper MOSFET(s) is shorted. The ISL8115 features remote ground sensing, programmable input voltage UVLO, output under/overvoltage protection, power-good indication, and fault Hand Shake capability. Applications • Power supply for datacom/telecom and POL • Wide input voltage range buck regulators • High current density power supplies RF power amplifier bias compensation ROS1 2k 3k RFB3 RFB1 8.2nF 49.9Ω C CFB2 33nF 2.2nF 13 VIN 11 RPCC 2*RJK0301 2*6TPF330M9L; 4*100µF; 4*1µ 5 COUT 2.2Ω 1 2 VOUT 1 2 3 10 R 2.8k 1 2 3 QL 4 9 8 7 CVIN1 4*10µF 4 CBOOT QH LOUT 320nH, 0.53mΩ, PA1513-321 1.5V/30A 0.22µF 2*RJK0305 VFF CVIN 2.2µF 6 1 RFSET RAMP SS BOOT 12 5 14 ISENB 15 VMON 17 16 RGND ISENA UGATE CLKOUT 5 18.2k 24 PHASE ISL8115FRTZ PGOOD RSS 23 U1 PLL_COMP CONF VCC 11.8k 22 PVCC 4 RCONF CPVCC 4.7µF LGATE ISHARE 3 21 EN 20 FSET CPLL_H 390pF 25 GND 19 ISET FB CISET 1nF COMP 18 1.27k 2 RPLL 5.11k RISET 10k 0.22µF RISEN CFB1 RFB2 787 CPLL 2.2nF • Adjustable Soft-Start ROS 2k RFB3 3k CFB3 • Output OVP, UVP; OTP RFF_H CVCC 10k 2.2µF REN_U 68.1k RRAMP 113k REN_L 140k RFF_L 4.12k 33.2k RVIN 2Ω 10V-15V VIN FIGURE 1. TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT, 10V-15V INPUT, 1.5V/30A OUTPUT September 23, 2013 FN8272.1 1 CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures. 1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-468-3774 | Copyright Intersil Americas LLC 2013. All Rights Reserved Intersil (and design) is a trademark owned by Intersil Corporation or one of its subsidiaries. All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners. ISL8115 Table of Contents Application Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Pin Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Functional Pin Descriptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Thermal Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Recommended Operating Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Electrical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Typical Performance Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Functional Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Enable and Input Voltage UVLO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pre-bias Startup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Setting CONF Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Setting SS pin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frequency Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Voltage Feed-forward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non Linear Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power-Good . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Undervoltage and Overvoltage Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . POR Overvoltage Protection (POR-OVP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Over-Temperature Protection (OTP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inductor Current Sensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Peak Current Limit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average Overcurrent Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Current Sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feedback Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Modulator Break Frequency Equations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Compensation Break Frequency Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 17 18 18 18 19 20 20 Layout Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 General PowerPAD Design Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Revision History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 About Intersil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Package Outline Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 2 FN8272.1 September 23, 2013 ISL8115 Application Diagrams ROS 2k ROS1 2k RFB3 14.7k CFB3 14.7k RFB3 3.3nF RFB1 133Ω CFB1 100pF 0.22µF 3k CLKOUT BOOT RFSET VIN R 7.15k 4 2*6TPF330M9L; 4*100µF; 4*1µF COUT RPCC 5 11 2.2Ω 1 1 2 3 10 9 8 CVIN1 4 CBOOT 0.22µF 7 QH 2 LOUT 2.6ΩH, 1.58mΩ, 7443556260 VOUT 5V/20A 2*10µF; 2*16SEPC270MX BSC 03906NS CVIN 2.2µF VFF SS QL 1 2 3 13 ISEN A 14 ISEN B VMON 15 16 RGND 17 FB UGATE 12 6 24 PHASE CONF RAMP RSS 18.2k 23 PLL_COMP 5 11.8k 22 PVCC U1 ISL8115FRTZ PGOOD RCONF ISHARE 4 21 VCC 20 BSC 03906NS CPVC C 4.7µF LGATE ISET 3 390pF GND EN 19 2 25 FSET 1nF CPLL_H COMP CISET 1 RPLL 5.11k RISET 10.5k 18 CPLL 2.2nF 5 RFB2 13k C RISEN CFB2 4.7nF RFF_H CVCC 10k 2.2µF RRAMP 113k REN_L 140k REN_U 174k 33.2k RFF_L 3k RVIN 2Ω 24V-36V VIN FIGURE 2. TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT, 24V-36V INPUT, 5V/20A OUTPUT 3 FN8272.1 September 23, 2013 ISL8115 Application Diagrams ROS 2k RFB3 3k 3k RFB3 RFB1 8.2nF 49.9Ω 23 PHASE U1 ISL8115FRTZ UGATE BOOT 1 2 3 2*6TPF330M9L; 4*100µF; 4*1µF RPCC 2*RJK0301 9 7 COUT 2.2Ω 10 8 R 2.8k 1 4 CBOOT VOUT 1.5V/2*30A LOUT 320nH, 0.53mΩ, PA1513-321 4*10µF QH 0.22µF CVIN1 2 2*RJK0305 VFF CVIN 2.2µF 6 4 FSET 1 RFSET VIN RAMP SS 5 24 18.2k PGOOD CLKOUT 11 QL 4 5 ISENB LGATE 12 1 2 3 14 RISEN 100Ω Rcsh 15 VMON 100pF Ccsh 16 17 CONF VCC RFF_H CVCC 2.2µF 10k 140k REN_U 68.1k 33.2k RFF_L 113k REN_L RRAMP RSS PLL_COMP 22 CPVCC 4.7µF PVCC EN 11.8k 1.27k 0.22µF ISHARE 21 RCONF C 5 20 FB 25 GND 19 ISET RGND 2.2nF 3 390pF RFB2 787 18 CISET 1nF CFB1 2 RPLL 5.11k RISET 10k 33nF COMP CPLL 2.2nF CPLL_H CFB2 13 CFB3 ISENA ROS1 2k (Continued) RVIN 4.12k 2Ω 10V-15V VIN ROS3 2k RFB6 3k 3k RFB5 RFB4 BOOT CVCC1 REN_L1 10k 2.2µF REN_U1 68.1k 140k VFF VIN 1 2 3 5 2.2Ω 2 1 COUT1 10 R1 2.8k 4 RPCC1 2*RJK0301 2*6TPF330M9L; 4*100µF; 4*1µF 9 8 7 CVIN2 4*10µF 4 CBOOT1 QH1 LOUT1 320nH, 0.53mΩ, PA1513-321 0.22µF 2*RJK0305 CVIN32.2µF 6 RAMP SS 11 QL1 1 2 3 14 13 UGATE 12 5 100Ω Rcsh1 15 ISENB FB RISEN1 PHASE CLKOUT 5 18.2k CONF PGOOD 24 LGATE U2 ISL8115FRTZ 4 RSS1 23 PLL_COMP RRAMP1 11.8k 22 CPVCC1 4.7µF PVCC VCC RCONF1 1.27k 0.22µF ISHARE EN 21 ISET 3 20 GND C1 VMON 18 19 2 390pF 25 COMP CISET1 1nF FSET 10k 1 RPLL1 5.11k RISET1 2.2nF CPLL_H1 CPLL1 17 2.2nF RFB7 787 RGND CFB4 16 33nF 100pF Ccsh1 8.2nF 49.9Ω CFB6 ISENA CFB5 RFF_H1 RFF_L1 ROS2 2k 4.12k 33.2k RVIN1 2Ω FIGURE 3. 2-PHASE, 10V-15V INPUT, 1.5V/60A OUTPUT 4 FN8272.1 September 23, 2013 ISL8115 Block Diagram 2.2µF 4.7µF 2.2Ω VCC PVCC 11 3 VIN 7 1.22V EN 2 INTERNAL SERIES LINEAR REGULATOR POWER-ON RESET (POR) OVER-TEMPERATURE PROTECTION (OTP) OV_H CONTROLLER SOFT-START AND FAULT LOGIC OV_L UV OCP/UCP 9 UGATE 10kΩ NON-LINEAR CONTROL VMON DIGITAL SOFT-START 8 BOOT GATE CONTROL LOGIC SAW 10 PHASE SS-CODE PVCC E/A FB 17 12 LGATE PWM RGND 16 Ish_corr1 40kΩ DEM 8 CYCLE-BY-CYCLE PEAK CURRENT LIMIT Ish_corr2 COMP 18 CURRENT MIRROR ISEN OV_H x1.20 1.135µA 13 ISENA VMON 15 x1.15 x1.10 PGOOD 4 20µA OV_L OCP UV x0.50 x0.90 Vref H I C C U P ISEN ISEN 5xISEN + 50µA OCP 14 ISENB 19 ISET 1.4V UCP 20 ISHARE 0.25V CISET SAW 0.225V OSCILLATOR DECODER CURRENT SHARE BLOCK Ish_corr1 GENERATOR 5 24 22 5 6 21 1 23 EP RAMP VFF PLL_COMP FSET CLKOUT GND Ish_corr2 CONF SS-CODE SS MODE FN8272.1 September 23, 2013 ISL8115 Pin Configuration SS CLKOUT CONF PLL_COMP ISHARE ISET ISL8115 (24 LD 4x4 QFN) TOP VIEW 24 23 22 21 20 19 FSET 1 18 COMP EN 2 17 FB VCC 3 16 RGND 15 VMON GND PGOOD 4 14 ISENB RAMP 5 13 9 10 UGATE PHASE 11 12 LGATE 8 PVCC 7 BOOT 6 VIN VFF ISENA Functional Pin Descriptions PIN NUMBER SYMBOL 1 FSET Placing a resistor (RFSET) from this pin to GND to adjust the switching frequency. Input an external clock signal to this pin and the internal oscillator synchronizes with the leading edge of the input signal. 2 EN The input voltage to this pin is compared with a precision 1.22V reference. Tie this pin to ground to disable the part. Tie this pin to VIN through a resistor divider to realize undervoltage lock-out. 3 VCC This pin provides power for the analog circuitry. Connect this pin to a 2.97V to 5.15V bias through a recommended RC filter. This pin can be powered up by the internal or external linear regulator. A 2.2µF filter capacitor is recommended to connect closely to the pin. 4 PGOOD Provides an open drain Power-Good signal when the voltage at VMON is within ±10% of nominal output regulation point after soft-start is complete. 5 RAMP A resistor to GND to set the sawtooth ramp. Select the resistor value to make the ramp amplitude the same as the voltage on VFF. Refer to Voltage Feedforward Section on Page 15. DESCRIPTION T s – 275ns 1 R ramp = ----------------------------- ;Ts = -----------3 × 10pF F SW 6 VFF Pin for input voltage feed-forward. The voltage at this pin sets the internal oscillator ramp peak-to-peak amplitude at 1xVFF. A resistor divider network from input voltage to this pin is required and an additional decoupling capacitor may be required at this pin in noisy input environments. Make sure VFF is in the range of the clamp voltage (0.53V to 2.59V) specified in “Electrical Specifications” on page 9. 7 VIN This pin should be tied directly to the input rail when using the internal linear regulator. It provides power to the internal linear drive circuitry. 8 BOOT This pin provides the bootstrap bias for the high-side driver. 9 UGATE This pin provides the drive signals for the high-side devices and should be connected to the high-side MOSFETs’ gates. 10 PHASE Connect this pin to the source of the high-side MOSFETs and the drain of the low-side MOSFETs. This pin represents the return path for the high-side gate drivers. 11 PVCC Connect a 4.7µF capacitor closely to this pin. This pin is the output of the internal series linear regulator. It provides the bias for both low-side and high-side drivers. Its operational voltage range is 2.97V to 5.3V. When the input supply is ≤5V, this pin should be tied directly to VIN to eliminate the dropout voltage in the internal linear regulator. 6 FN8272.1 September 23, 2013 ISL8115 Functional Pin Descriptions (Continued) PIN NUMBER SYMBOL 12 LGATE This pin provides the drive for the low-side devices and should be connected to the lower MOSFETs’ gates. 13 ISENA The positive input of the current sensing amplifier. Provide DCR, or precision resistor current sensing. 14 ISENB The negative input of the current sensing amplifier. Provide DCR, or precision resistor current sensing. 15 VMON This pin monitors the regulator’s output for OV and UV protection. PGOOD refers to the voltage on VMON. Connect a resistor divider from VOUT to RGND, with the same ratio as the FB resistor divider. It is not recommended to share the resistor divider for both FB and VMON; the response to a fault may not be as quick or robust. The voltage on this pin is also monitored for the non-linear control. 16 RGND Pin for remote ground sensing. There’s a current sourcing out from RGND if ISET voltage is lower than ISHARE in the multi-phase configuration. A typical 100Ω resistor is required connected between RGND and negative terminal of the load. 17 FB FB is the inverting input of the error amplifier. This pin is connected to the feedback resistor divider and provides the voltage feedback signal for the controller. 18 COMP This pin is the error amplifier’s output. It should be connected to the FB pin through a desired compensation network. The lower limit of the voltage at COMP is 0.85V. 19 ISET This pin sources a current equal to 5 times ISEN with 50µA offset. Connect RISET to the pin to adjust the OCP trigger point. Parallel CISET with RISET to obtain the average output current signal at this pin. The voltage VISET set by an external resistor RISET represents the sensed current for the controller which compares with the internal reference to implement over current protection. Refer to the ““Average Overcurrent Protection” on page 18. 20 ISHARE This pin is used for current sharing purpose and is configured to the current share bus representing all module’s reference current. The voltage VISHARE represents the highest voltage of VISET of all active ISL8115(s) that connected together to the current share bus. Float in single phase operation. Pulling this pin low will disable the ISL8115. 21 PLL_COMP Compensation pin for the internal PLL circuit. A compensation network shows in the typical application diagram is required. RPLL(5.11kΩ); CPLL(2.2nF); CPLL_H (390pF) are recommended. 22 CONF A resistor at this pin is used to set: 1.) Enable or disable Diode emulation mode, and 2) Phase delay of clock out signal with respect to input clock signal. See Table 1 for the resistor values. 23 CLKOUT This pin provides clock signal to synchronize with other ISL8115(s). The phase delay of the CLKOUT with respect to the external clock signal is configured through CONF pin. 24 SS A resistor connected from this pin to ground is used to select the length of soft-start period. See Table 2 for the resistor values. 25 GND DESCRIPTION All voltage levels are referenced to this pad. This pad provides a return path for the low side MOSFET drivers and internal power circuitries as well as analog signals. Connect this pad to the board ground with the shortest possible path (9 vias to the internal ground plane, placed on the soldering pad are recommended). Ordering Information PART NUMBER (Notes 1, 2, 3) PART MARKING TEMP RANGE (°C) ISL8115FRTZ 81 15FRTZ ISL8115EVAL1Z 12V to 1.5V/30A Evaluation Board -40 to +125 ISL8115EVAL2Z 28V to 5V/20A Evaluation Board PACKAGE (Pb-free) 24 Ld Exposed Pad 4x4 TQFN PKG. DWG. # L24.4x4F NOTES: 1. Add “-T*” suffix for tape and reel. Please refer to TB347 for details on reel specifications. 2. These Intersil Pb-free plastic packaged products employ special Pb-free material sets, molding compounds/die attach materials, and 100% matte tin plate plus anneal (e3 termination finish, which is RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations). Intersil Pbfree products are MSL classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J STD-020. 3. For Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL), please see device information page for ISL8115. For more information on MSL please see techbrief TB363. 7 FN8272.1 September 23, 2013 ISL8115 Absolute Maximum Ratings Thermal Information VIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to 38V PVCC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +6V VCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +6V PVCC to VCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-1V to +1V BOOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +44V PHASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +41V PHASE Voltage Transient (20ns max) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GND - 2V Boot to Phase Voltage, BOOT-PHASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +6V LGATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +6V LGATE Voltage Transient (20ns max) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GND - 2.6V ISENA, ISENB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +6.675V Voltage on All Other Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to VCC + 0.3V ESD Rating Human Body Model (Tested per JESD22-A114E) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.5kV Machine Model (Tested per JESD22-A115-A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250V Latch Up (Tested per JESD-78B; Class 1, Level A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100mA Thermal Resistance (Typical) θJA (°C/W) θJC (°C/W) 24 Ld QFN Package (Note 5). . . . . . . . . . . . 39 3.5 Maximum Junction Temperature (Plastic Package) . . . . . . . . . . . .+150°C Storage Temperature Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-65°C to +150°C Pb-Free Reflow Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see link below http://www.intersil.com/pbfree/Pb-FreeReflow.asp Recommended Operating Conditions Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-40°C to +125°C Input Voltage, VIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.97V to 36V Driver Bias Voltage, PVCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.97V to 5.5V Signal Bias Voltage, VCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.97V to 5.5V Boot-to-Phase Voltage (Overcharged), BOOT- PHASE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <6V CAUTION: Do not operate at or near the maximum ratings listed for extended periods of time. Exposure to such conditions may adversely impact product reliability and result in failures not covered by warranty. NOTES: 4. Unless otherwise specified, voltages are from the indicated pins to GND 5. θJA is measured with the component mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board in free air. See Tech Brief TB379 for details. 6. For θJC, the “case temp” location is the center of the exposed metal pad on the package underside. Electrical Specifications Recommended Operating Conditions (VIN = 12V; VCC = PVCC = 5.15V; FSW = 500kHz; EN = High), Unless Otherwise Noted. Boldface limits apply over the operating temperature range, -40°C to +125°C. SYMBOL PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN (Note 7) TYP MAX (Note 7) UNITS POWER SUPPLY IQ_VIN Nominal Supply VIN Current UGATE = LGATE = Open 10 15 mA VIN = 3.3V; VCC = PVCC; UGATE = LGATE = Open 10 15 mA 17 25 µA IQ_VIN_disable Disable Supply VIN Current EN = 0V, VIN = 24V IPVCC_disable PVCC Shutdown Current (sinking) EN = 0V, PVCC = VIN = 5.2V 1.0 µA IVCC_disable VCC Shutdown Current (sinking) EN = 0V, VCC = VIN = 5.2V 1.0 µA 5.3 V INTERNAL LINEAR REGULATOR PVCC PVCC Voltage Level IPVCC = 0mA to 50 mA 5.0 5.15 IPVCC_LIMIT Output Current Limit VCC = PVCC = 3V; VIN = 5.4V 85 140 mA Saturated Equivalent Impedance P-Channel MOSFET; VIN= 5V 7 Ω RLIN POWER-ON RESET Rising VCC Threshold 2.88 VCC POR Hysteresis 170 Rising PVCC Threshold 2.88 PVCC POR Hysteresis 170 2.95 V mV 2.95 V mV ENABLE Turn-On Threshold Voltage IEN_HYS 1.12 Enable Hysteresis 1.22 1.32 65 V mV OSCILLATOR Oscillator Frequency Range Oscillator Frequency 8 150 RFSET = 165kΩ 135 150 1500 kHz 165 kHz FN8272.1 September 23, 2013 ISL8115 Electrical Specifications Recommended Operating Conditions (VIN = 12V; VCC = PVCC = 5.15V; FSW = 500kHz; EN = High), Unless Otherwise Noted. Boldface limits apply over the operating temperature range, -40°C to +125°C. (Continued) SYMBOL PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN (Note 7) TYP MAX (Note 7) UNITS Oscillator Frequency RFSET = 47.8kΩ 450 500 550 kHz Oscillator Frequency RFSET = 14.54kΩ 1350 1500 1650 kHz Oscillator Frequency Total Variation VCC = 5.15V, From 150kHz to 1500kHz -10 +10 % 150 1500 kHz 90 % Frequency Synchronization Range Input Signal Duty Cycle Apply a input clock signal on FSET pin 10 CLKOUTH Clock Output High I = 500µA (sourcing) 4.9 V CLKOUTL Clock Output Low I = 500µA (sinking) CLKOUTtR Clock Output Rise Time CLOAD = 100pF 27 ns CLKOUTtF Clock Output Fall Time CLOAD = 100pF 27 ns RRAMP = (Ts-275n)/30p 1 V VCC-1.2V V 1 V/V 1 V 0.3 V SAWTOOTH RAMP VSRAMP_offset Sawtooth Ramp Offset VSRAMP_Max Sawtooth Ramp Peak Clamp Value GSRAMP Linear Gain of Sawtooth Ramp Over VFF VSRAMP_pk-pk GRAMP = DVRAMP_PK-PK/VFF RRAMP = (Ts-275n)/30p Sawtooth Ramp Peak-to-Peak Voltage VCC = 5.15V; VFF = 1V VRAMP_max Upper Clamp Voltage of RAMP PIN 2.59 2.98 3.36 V VRAMP_min Lower Clamp Voltage of RAMP PIN 0.48 0.5 0.53 V Minimum LGATE On-TIME 150 200 250 ns PWM REFERENCE ACCURACY VFB Voltage on FB 0.6 V Accuracy From -40°C to +125°C -1.0 +1.0 % Accuracy From -40°C to +105°C -0.7 +0.7 % ERROR AMPLIFIER UGBW DC Gain RL = 10k, CL = 1pF at COMP pin 98 dB Unity Gain-Bandwidth RL = 10k, CL = 1pF at COMP pin 25 MHz Output Minimum Voltage Swing 0.85 V Output Maximum Voltage Swing VCC-0.8 V ±20 V/µs RL = 10k, CL = 1pF at COMP pin SR_EA Output Slew Rate IFB FB Input Current 20 nA Output Source/Sink Current ±3 mA With respect to GND ±200 mV 45mA Source Current 1.2 Ω 45mA Sink Current 0.55 Ω 45mA Source Current 0.9 Ω 45mA Sink Current 0.4 Ω UGATE to PHASE Internal Resistor 10 kΩ LGATE to GND Internal Resistor 40 kΩ ICOMP Effective RGND Range GATE DRIVER RUGATE_SOURCE Upper Drive Source Resistance RUGATE_SINK Upper Drive Sink Resistance RLGATE_SOURCE Lower Drive Source Resistance RLGATE_SINK Lower Drive Sink Resistance 9 FN8272.1 September 23, 2013 ISL8115 Electrical Specifications Recommended Operating Conditions (VIN = 12V; VCC = PVCC = 5.15V; FSW = 500kHz; EN = High), Unless Otherwise Noted. Boldface limits apply over the operating temperature range, -40°C to +125°C. (Continued) SYMBOL PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN (Note 7) TYP MAX (Note 7) UNITS CURRENT SENSE AMPLIFIER DC Gain 70 dB Unity Gain-Bandwidth 5 MHz ISENA Pin Input current 10 nA Input Common Mode Range VIN > 9V Input offset Differential Current Sense Voltage Range ISET_OFFSET IDEM_threshold RISEN = 2kΩ ISET Offset Current ISEN Threshold of DEM -0.2 6.375 V -0.6 0.6 mV -8 40 mV 44 50 55 µA RISEN = 2kΩ 0.38 1.135 2.76 µA VCC = 5.15V 17.6 20 22.4 µA OVERCURRENT PROTECTION IOC ISEN Overcurrent Limit VCC = 2.97V to 5.15V VISET_OC ISET Pin OC Threshold 20 VCC = 2.97V to 5.15V VCC = 5.15V µA 1.40 V 1.35 1.40 1.45 V ISET Pin Under Current Threshold 0.22 0.25 0.28 V ISHARE Pin Fault Threshold 0.22 0.225 0.24 V 0.2 V ISHARE Pull-Down Voltage Capability ISHARE = 500µA POWER GOOD MONITOR AND UNDER/OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION VPG- Power-Good Lower Threshold Voltage from VMON to RGND; ~3 clock cycles noise filter 0.51 0.54 0.57 V VPG+ Power-Good Upper Threshold Voltage from VMON to RGND; ~3 clock cycles noise filter 0.63 0.66 0.69 V PGOOD Low Output Voltage IPGOOD = 2mA 0.35 V UNDER/OVER VOLTAGE PROTECTION WITH VMON VOV_NONLatch Overvoltage Non-Latching Off Threshold Voltage from VMON to RGND; above the Power-Good Upper Threshold 30 mV Overvoltage Latching Off Threshold Voltage from VMON to RGND; above the OV Non-Latching UP Threshold 30 mV Overvoltage LGATE Release Trip Point Voltage from VMON to RGND 0.51 V VUV Undervoltage Protection Trip Point 0.3 V VUV Undervoltage Protection Trip Point Hysteresis 0.032 V 20 mV Over-Temperature Protection Trip Point 160 °C OTP Release Threshold 145 °C VOV_Latch Voltage from VMON to RGND; after soft-start completed NON-LINEAR CONTROL Offset of the non-linear control Refer to Figure 23 OVER-TEMPERATURE PROTECTION TOTP NOTE: 7. Parameters with MIN and/or MAX limits are 100% tested at +25°C, unless otherwise specified. Temperature limits established by characterization and are not production tested 10 FN8272.1 September 23, 2013 ISL8115 Typical Performance Curves Unless otherwise stated, all curves were tested with example circuit in Figure 1. 95 95 90 90 CCM_VIN = 12V EFFICIENCY (%) EFFICIENCY (%) CCM_VIN = 5V 85 80 75 85 80 75 FS = 220kHz 70 0 5 10 15 FS = 220kHz 70 20 0 5 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) FIGURE 4. EFFICIENCY AT 12V INPUT, 1.5V OUTPUT 15 20 FIGURE 5. EFFICIENCY AT 5V INPUT, 1.5V OUTPUT 90 100 DEM_VIN = 5V 90 80 DEM_VIN = 12V 80 70 EFFICIENCY (%) EFFICIENCY (%) 10 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) CCM_VIN = 12V 60 50 CCM_VIN = 5V 70 60 50 40 40 FS = 220kHz FS = 220kHz 30 0.5 1.5 2.5 30 3.5 0.5 1.5 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) 2.5 3.5 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) FIGURE 6. EFFICIENCY vs LOAD CURRENT AT 12V INPUT FIGURE 7. EFFICIENCY vs LOAD CURRENT AT 5V INPUT 0.00000 -0.010 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (%) Δ OUTPUT VOLTAGE (%) -0.00010 -0.012 -0.014 -0.016 -0.018 -0.00020 -0.00030 -0.00040 -0.00050 -0.00060 -0.00070 -0.020 10 12 14 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) FIGURE 8. LINE REGULATION, VOUT = 1.5V, IO = 20A 11 16 -0.00080 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) FIGURE 9. LOAD REGULATION, VIN = 12V, VOUT = 1.5V FN8272.1 September 23, 2013 ISL8115 Typical Performance Curves Unless otherwise stated, all curves were tested with example circuit in Figure 1. (Continued) EN: 500mV/DIV VOUT : 500mV/DIV IOUT : 10A/DIV COMP: 500mV/DIV EN: 500mV/DIV VOUT : 500mV/DIV PHASE: 5V/DIV ss: 500mV/DIV 5ms/DIV FIGURE 10. FULL LOAD START-UP FIGURE 11. PRE-BIAS START-UP VOUT : 1V/DIV VOUT : 50mV/DIV (AC) IOUT : 20A/DIV IOUT : 10A/DIV PHASE: 10V/DIV 20µs/DIV 10ms/DIV FIGURE 12. HICCUP OCP FIGURE 13. TRANSIENT RESPONSE 2A/µs IL1: 4A/DIV IL2: 4A/DIV VOUT : 50mV/DIV (AC) IOUT : 10A/DIV ISET1: 200mV/DIV ISET2: 200mV/DIV 20µs/DIV FIGURE 14. TRANSIENT RESPONSE 2A/µs 12 FIGURE 15. CURRENT SHARING WITH 2-PHASE CONFIGURATION FN8272.1 September 23, 2013 ISL8115 Typical Performance Curves Unless otherwise stated, all curves were tested with example circuit in Figure 1. (Continued) 17.50 21.55 17.45 21.50 21.45 17.35 VIN = 24V 21.40 IOC (µA) IQ_VIN_DISABLE (µA) 17.40 17.30 17.25 21.35 21.30 17.20 21.25 17.15 21.20 17.10 17.05 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 21.15 -50 125 -25 0 TEMPERATURE (°C) 25 50 75 100 125 TEMPERATURE (°C) FIGURE 16. SHUTDOWN CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE FIGURE 17. OVERCURRENT THRESHOLD vs TEMPERATURE 45 0.6005 40 0.6000 35 3.3V INPUT 0.5995 TD (ns) VREF (V) 30 0.5990 25 12V INPUT 20 15 10 0.5985 5 0.5980 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 0 -50 125 -25 0 TEMPERATURE (°C) 50 75 100 125 1350 1550 FIGURE 19. DEAD TIME vs TEMPERATURE 499.60 190 499.40 170 499.20 150 499.00 130 RFSET (kΩ) FREQUENCY (kHz) FIGURE 18. FEEDBACK VOLTAGE REFERENCE vs TEMPERATURE 498.80 498.60 25 TEMPERATURE (°C) RFSET = 47.8k 498.40 110 90 70 498.20 50 498.00 30 497.80 497.60 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 TEMPERATURE (°C) FIGURE 20. FREQUENCY vs TEMPERATURE 13 100 125 10 150 350 550 750 950 1150 FREQUENCY (kHz) FIGURE 21. FREQUENCY vs RFSET FN8272.1 September 23, 2013 ISL8115 Functional Description Use a resistor with 1% tolerance on the CONF pin. TABLE 1. RESISTOR VALUES TO SET CONF PIN Functional Overview The ISL8115 is a synchronous buck PWM controller with current sharing capability. The current sharing function allows multiple modules to be connected in parallel to achieve higher output current. The controller also features multi-phase operation to reduce input and output ripple current, resulting in fewer components and reduced output dissipation. Utilizing voltage-mode control with input voltage feed-forward compensation, the ISL8115 maintains a constant loop gain for optimal transient response, especially for applications with a wide input voltage range. Initialization The ISL8115 requires VCC and PVCC biased by a single supply. The Power-On Reset (POR) function continually monitors the input supply voltages (PVCC and VCC) and the voltage at EN pin. With PVCC, VCC and EN above their POR thresholds, the IC will initialize a process to read the resistor value on the CONF and SS pins. This process can take up to 2ms. Failure to read the resistor values will stop the soft-start process. PHASE DELAY (°) DEM 1% TOLERANCE RESISTOR VALUE (kΩ) 0 ENABLE 46.4 60 73.2 90 105 120 137 180 11.8 240 18.2 270 26.1 300 34 0 60 DISABLE (Force CCM) 2.94 4.53 90 6.49 120 8.66 180 0.732 After successfully reading the resistor values on the CONF and SS pins, there is another 1ms delay for the PLL. 240 1.13 270 1.62 If the system voltage drops below the falling POR threshold, then UGATE and LGATE are forced off. Also ISHARE is pulled low. 300 2.15 Enable and Input Voltage UVLO Setting SS pin When the voltage on EN pin is greater than the 1.22V threshold, the controller is enabled. If the EN voltage is less than 1.22V minus the hysteresis (typical 65mV), the controller is disabled. A resistor connected from the SS pin to ground is used to set the length of the output soft-start time. The internal soft-start DAC operates with and internal 2MHz clock. The value of the resistor on this pin set number on steps for the soft-start. The resistor value and the corresponding soft-start duration is shown in Table 2. Use a resistor with 1% tolerance on the SS pin. The EN pin can be used as a voltage monitor for the input undervoltage lock-out by connecting the EN pin to the input rail through a resistor divider. TABLE 2. RESISTOR VALUES TO SET SOFT-START TIME Pre-bias Startup 1% TOLERANCE RESISTOR VALUE (kΩ) SOFT-START TIME (ms) 46.4 0.4 73.2 0.8 105 1.2 Setting CONF Pin 137 2.2 A resistor connected from the CONF pin to ground is used to: 11.8 4.8 • Enable or disable diode emulation mode (DEM) after soft-start. 18.2 8.8 • Set the phase delay of CLKOUT with respect to an external clock signal applied to the FSET pin. 26.1 12.8 34 25.6 A pre-bias voltage may exist at the output before the controller is enabled. The ISL8115 can support a pre-bias startup condition by keeping UGATE and LGATE off until the internal soft-start voltage exceeds the feedback voltage. This feature prevents the output voltage from discharging through the lower MOSFET during the soft-start. When using multiple ISL8115s in parallel module configuration, all soft-start times must be set to the same value. 14 FN8272.1 September 23, 2013 ISL8115 Frequency Setting The peak-to-peak amplitude of the sawtooth yields as: The switching frequency is set by the RFSET connected between the FSET pin and ground. Figure 21 shows the typical RFSET vs Frequency variation curve. Equation 1 illustrates the relationship between RFSET and switching frequency. T s – 275ns V ramp – pk – pk = I disch arg e × ----------------------------10pF To synchronize with an external clock, apply a clock signal in the programmable oscillator range of 150kHz to 1.5MHz to the FSET pin. A duty cycle in the range of 10% to 90% is required. · 9 –9 1 R FSET = 25 ×10 ⋅ ⎛ ----------- – 85 ×10 ⎞ ⎝ Fsw ⎠ (EQ. 1) (EQ. 2) where: V FF I disch arg e = --------------------3R ramp (EQ. 3) 1 T s = ---------F sw According to the Equations 2 and 3, design the resistor at the RAMP pin to make the amplitude of sawtooth equal to VFF. Voltage Feed-forward T s – 275ns R ramp = ----------------------------3 × 10pF The voltage applied to the VFF pin can adjust the amplitude of the internal sawtooth ramp. It is recommended to set the amplitude equal to VFF. This helps to maintain a constant gain contributed by the modulator and the input voltage to achieve optimum loop response over a wide input voltage range. Figure 22 shows the feed-forward circuits. For example, select 113kΩ for RFSET to achieve 220kHz switching frequency and 140kΩ for Rramp to make the Vramp_pk_pk = VFF. The sawtooth ramp offset voltage is 1V and the peak of the sawtooth is to VFF +1V. Fsw Vin Vramp_peak Vcc-2.2V + VFF 3xI_discharge 1V Vramp_pk_pk Ideal diode + 10pF I_discharge (EQ. 4) Non Linear Control In order to respond faster to a load step, non-linear control has been introduced in ISL8115. If the feedback voltage at VMON is greater than the voltage of the previous cycle plus 20mV (typical), the LG turns on immediately without waiting for the next clock signal. This function helps to improve the transient response especially for a controller with leading-edge modulator. - Fsw 20mV + - + - - Ideal diode + Turn on LG 0.5V RAMP Rramp VMON FIGURE 23. NON-LINEAR CONTROL CIRCUIT Vramp_peak Vramp_pk_pk Power-Good The Power-Good comparator monitors the voltage on the VMON pin. The trip points are shown in Figure 24. Power-Good will not be asserted until the completion of the soft-start cycle. The Power-Good pulls low when EN is low or VMON is out of the threshold window. PGOOD stays high until the fault exists for three consecutive clock cycles. 275ns Ts FIGURE 22. FEED-FORWARD CIRCUITRY VFF voltage is clamped between 0.5V (typical) and VCC-2.2V (typical). To make the feed forward work for all input voltage, the voltage on VFF pin should be designed within this range. VREF END OF SS PGOOD x1.10 VMON x0.90 3 Clock Cycles Filter OC, OC, UV AND OT FIGURE 24. PGOOD CIRCUIT 15 FN8272.1 September 23, 2013 ISL8115 Undervoltage and Overvoltage Protection Inductor Current Sensing The Undervoltage (UV) and Overvoltage (OV) protection circuitry monitors the voltage on the VMON pin. The ISL8115 supports inductor DCR sensing techniques up to 5.5V output voltage, as shown in Figure 25. An OV event (VOUT > 120%) causes the high-side MOSFET to latch off permanently, while the low-side MOSFET turns on and then turns off after the output voltage drops below 85%. At the same time, the PGOOD and ISHARE are also latched low. The latch condition can be reset only by re-cycling VCC or EN. I (s) L UGATE L PHASE ISL8115 INTERNAL CIRCUIT VL COUT + VC(s) R C RISEN CURRENT MIRROR + I SET VOUT DCR INDUCTOR LGATE + ISL8115 has 2 level OV thresholds: 115% (non-latch), and 120% (Latch). In an OV event with VMON between 115% and 120%, the high-side MOSFET is turned off, while the low-side MOSFET turns on. At the same time PGOOD is also pulled down. When the VMON voltage drops to 85% of reference voltage, the LGATE is turned off, then hiccup restart occurs. VIN - The UV functionality is not enabled until the end of soft-start. If the VMON drops below 50% of the 0.6V internal reference, the controller goes into hiccup mode and recovers until VMON rises up to 0.332V. - ISENA ISENB POR Overvoltage Protection (POR-OVP) When both the VCC and PVCC are below the POR thresholds, the UGATE is low and LGATE is floating (high impedance). EN has no control over LGATE when below POR. When above POR, the LGATE will toggle with its PWM pulses. An external 10kΩ resistor can be placed between the PHASE and LGATE node to implement a PRE-POR-OVP circuit. The output of the converter is equal to the phase node voltage via output inductor and then is effectively clamped to the low-side MOSFET’s gate threshold voltage, which provides some protection to the load if the upper MOSFET(s) is shorted during start-up, shutdown, or normal operations. For complete protection, the low-side MOSFET should have a gate threshold that is much smaller than the maximum voltage rating of the load. The PRE-POR-OVP works against pre-biased start-up when pre-charged output voltage is higher than the threshold of the low-side MOSFET. Over-Temperature Protection (OTP) When the junction temperature of the IC is greater than +160°C (typically), the Ugate and Lgate are forced off. The ISHARE and PGOOD pins are forced low indicating a fault. In a multi-phase configuration, this pulls the ISHARE bus low and informs other channels to turn off. All connected ISHARE pins stay low, but release after the IC’s junction temperature drops below the +15°C hysteresis (typical). The device now starts the initialization process of reading the CONFIG and SS resistors, PLL locking, and soft-start. 16 ISEN FIGURE 25. DCR SENSING CONFIGURATION An inductor’s winding is characteristic of a distributed resistance as measured by the DCR (Direct Current Resistance) parameter. Consider the inductor DCR as a separate lumped quantity, as shown in Figure 25. The inductor current, IL, will also pass through the DCR. Equation 5 shows the S-domain equivalent voltage across the inductor VL. V L = I L ⋅ ( s ⋅ L + DCR ) (EQ. 5) A simple R-C network across the inductor extracts the DCR voltage, as shown in Figure 25. The voltage on the capacitor VC, can be shown to be proportional to the inductor current IL, see Equation 6. L ⎛ s ⋅ ------------+ 1⎞ ⋅ ( DCR ⋅ I L ) ⎝ DCR ⎠ V C = --------------------------------------------------------------------( s ⋅ RC + 1 ) (EQ. 6) If the R-C network components are selected such that the RC time constant (= R*C) matches the inductor time constant (= L/DCR), the voltage across the capacitor VC is equal to the voltage drop across the DCR, i.e., proportional to the inductor current. The value of R should be as small as feasible for best signal-to-noise ratio. Make sure the resistor package size is appropriate for the power dissipated and include this loss in efficiency calculations. FN8272.1 September 23, 2013 ISL8115 In calculating the minimum value of R, the average voltage across C (average of ILDCR product) is small and can be neglected. Therefore, the minimum value of R may be approximated Equation 7:, 2 2 D ⋅ ( V IN – max – V OUT ) + ( 1 – D ) ⋅ V OUT R min = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------k ⋅ P R – pkg ⋅ δ P With the internal low-offset current amplifier, the capacitor voltage Vc is replicated across the sense resistor RISEN. Therefore, the current out of ISENB pin, ISEN, is proportional to the inductor current. (EQ. 7) Peak Current Limit The ISL8115 contains a peak current limit circuit to protect the converter. where PR-pkg is the maximum power dissipation specification for the resistor package and δ P is the derating factor for the same parameter (e.g., PR-pkg = 0.063W for 0402 package, δ P = 80% @ +85°C). k is the margin factor, also to limit temperature raise in the resistor package, recommend using 0.4. Once Rmin has been calculated, solve for the maximum value of C from Equation 8: When a peak current limit occurs, the UG is turned off immediately. An internal counter begins to record the number of OC events detected. Two consecutive clock cycles without a current limit will reset the counter. If 8 consecutive clock cycles of overcurrent is detected, the ISL8115 enters into a hiccup mode. The ISL8115 operation during the peak current limit event is illustrated in Figure 26. (EQ. 8) L C max = -------------------------------R min ⋅ DCR The sensed current signal and peak current signal in Figure 25 can be derived by the following equations: Next, choose the next-lowest readily available value. Then substitute the chosen value into the same equation and re-calculate the value of R. Choose a 1% resistor standard value closest to this re-calculated value of R. For example, when VINMax = 14.4V, VOUT = 2.5V, L = 1mH and DCR = 1.5mΩ, with 0402 package Equation 7 yields Rmin of 1476Ω and Equation 8 yields Cmax of 0.45µF. Choose 0.39µF and re-calculate, the resistor yields 1.69kΩ. I L ⋅ DCR I SEN = ----------------------R ISEN (EQ. 9) V out 1 – D ⎞ ⎛ ⎜ I L + ------------ ⋅ --------------⎟ ⋅ DCR L 2F sw⎠ ⎝ I SEN – PK = -----------------------------------------------------------------R ISEN (EQ. 10) UG OFF CURRENT LIMIT 20µA (TYPICAL) 1 2 3 1 2 3 ISEN No trigger in two consecutive cycles will reset the counter 4 5 6 7 8 0A HICCUP PHASE CLOCK FIGURE 26. CURRENT LIMIT TIMING 17 FN8272.1 September 23, 2013 ISL8115 Average Overcurrent Protection DEM The ISL8115 provides an average overcurrent protection circuit to protect the converter during an overcurrent fault. Diode emulation allows for higher converter efficiency under light load situations. With diode emulation active, the ISL8115 will detect the zero current crossing of the output inductor and turn off LGATE. This ensures that discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) is achieved. This prevents the low side MOSFET from sinking current and discharging of the output during pre-biased startup. DEM can only be disabled after soft-start. Please refer to the “Electrical Specifications” table on page 10 for the threshold of DEM. The voltage on pin ISET represents the average inductor current signal which compares with an internal reference of 1.4V to implement positive overcurrent protection and 0.25V for negative current protection. If the overcurrent event is detected, the ISL8115 will enter hiccup mode. This consists of a 10ms shut down and then a restart. The voltage on pin ISET can be obtained from Equation 11. The circuit of average OCP is shown in Figure 27. (EQ. 11) V ISET = ( 5I SEN + 50μA ) ⋅ R ISET 5 1.4V 50µA Isen 5xIsen + - OC HICCUP 0.25V + - ISET + MULTIPLIER Current Sharing The ISL8115 can support up to 6 phase operation. Connecting the ISHARE pins together allows for communication between the phases. In a single phase application, the voltage on the ISHARE pin follows the ISET voltage and the ISHARE pin can be floated. However, in multi-phase applications, the voltage on the ISHARE bus represents the highest ISET voltage of all phases. This voltage becomes the current reference of each phase. Figure 28 illustrates the relation between ISHARE and ISET. PHASE RISET VOUT CISET ` + Vc RISEN ISENB CSA ISEN FIGURE 27. AVERAGE OCP CIRCUIT - ISENA Select a suitable RISET for setting the OCP trigger point. Also, a filer capacitor CISET is required in parallel with RISET to get the average inductor current signal. ISEN = Vc RISEN V` Iset =ILxDCR RISEN ISET 1 ⎛I + --- di⎞ ⋅ DCR (EQ. 12) ⎝ OC 2 ⎠ ( 24A + 4A ) × 1.6mΩ R SEN = ------------------------------------------------- = ------------------------------------------------------- = 2.24kΩ 20uA 20uA Considering DCR increases as the temperature rises. Select 3kΩ (2.24kΩ x 1.34) for RSEN. The voltage difference between ISHARE and ISET will create two correction currents (See Figure 29). One is Ish_corr1 which makes the COMP voltage increase and the other is Ish_corr2 which makes the RGND voltage increase. A resistor (typically 100Ω) connected between RGND and the output capacitor ground is required. The correction currents make the duty cycle increase thereby making the voltage at ISET track the voltage at ISHARE within 10mV of offset. COMP 10mV (EQ. 13) + - + gm Ish_corr1 + Gain1 - To filter the inductor ripple current and achieve the average inductor current signal from ISET, the roll off frequency of the low pass filter should be much lower than the switching frequency. Capacitor at ISET CISET is obtained by Equation 14: 1 1 ---------------------------------------------- < ------ ⋅ F SW 2πR ISET ⋅ C ISET 10 Gain2 Ish_corr2 ISHARE 1 10 C ISET > ------------ ⋅ ------------------------- = 0.68nF F SW 2πR ISET ISHARE BUS FIGURE 28. CURRENT SENSING BLOCK DIAGRAM To set 22A for the average OCP, the value of RISET can be yield as: 1.4V R ISET = -------------------------------------------------------------------------- = 10.7kΩ 22A × 1.34DCR ------------------------------------------- × 5 + 50uA 3kΩ ISHARE RISET Generally, set the average OCP trigger point lower than the peak current limit. For example, L = 2.5µH; DCR = 1.6mΩ; IOUT = 20A; di = 8A; FSW = 220kHz. To set 24A as the output peak current limit. RSEN can be derived by: + V` (EQ. 14) ISET RGND FIGURE 29. CURRENT SHARING BLOCK DIAGRAM Select a 1nF Capacitor for CISET. 18 FN8272.1 September 23, 2013 ISL8115 Vin EN ISHARE CLKOUT EN FSET Module1 ISL8115 RGND Rcsr 100ohm ISHARE EN FSET Module2 ISL8115 FSET RFSET RGND ISHARE Module3 ISL8115 CLKOUT CLKOUT RGND Rcsr 100ohm RISHARE 40kohm Rcsr 100ohm FIGURE 30. SIMPLIFIED MULTI-PHASE DIAGRAM Figure 30 shows 3-phase operation. Device 1 is the master and the remaining devices are synchronized and phase shifted. The phase shift can be set using the CONF pin. VIN DRIVER OSC PWM COMPARATOR ΔVOSC The ISHARE bus remains low until the PLL of all phases are locked. This assures that all phases start up at the same time, thereby preventing an overcurrent condition. A 40kΩ resistor is required between the ISHARE bus and ground. Lo _ Vo PHASE DRIVER + Co ESR Feedback Compensation ZFB ZIN _ VCOMP + Figure 31 highlights the voltage-mode control loop for a synchronous-rectified buck converter. The output voltage (VOUT) is regulated to the reference voltage level. The error amplifier output (VEA) is compared with the oscillator (OSC) sawtooth waveform to provide a pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal with an amplitude of VIN at the PHASE node. The PWM signal is smoothed by the output filter (LO and CO). REFERENCE ERROR AMP DETAILED COMPENSATION COMPONENTS This function is dominated by a DC Gain and the output filter (LO and CO), with a double pole break frequency at FLC and a zero at FESR. The DC Gain of the modulator is simply the input voltage (VIN) divided by the peak-to-peak oscillator voltage ΔVOSC. ZFB C2 Vo ZIN C1 R2 R3 C3 R1 VCOMP FB _ + ISL8115 R4 REFERENCE VOUT VREF*(1+R1/R4) FIGURE 31. VOLTAGE- MODE BUCK CONVERTER COMPENSATION DESIGN 19 FN8272.1 September 23, 2013 ISL8115 Modulator Break Frequency Equations 100 1 F LC = --------------------------------------2π • L O • C O (EQ. 15) FZ1 FZ2 FP1 FP2 80 OPEN LOOP ERROR AMP GAIN 1 F ESR = --------------------------------------------2π • ( ESR • C O ) (EQ. 16) The compensation network consists of the error amplifier (internal to the ISL8115) and the impedance networks ZIN and ZFB. The goal of the compensation network is to provide a closed loop transfer function with the highest 0dB crossing frequency (f0dB) and adequate phase margin. Phase margin is the difference between the closed loop phase at f0dB and 180°. The following equations relate to the compensation network’s poles, zeros and gain to the components (R1, R2, R3, C1, C2, and C3) in Figure 31. Use the following guidelines for locating the poles and zeros of the compensation network. Compensation Break Frequency Equations 1 F Z1 = ---------------------------------2π • R 2 • C1 (EQ. 17) 1 F P1 = ------------------------------------------------------C1 • C2 2π • R2 • ⎛ ----------------------⎞ ⎝ C1 + C2⎠ (EQ. 18) 1 F Z2 = -----------------------------------------------------2π • ( R1 + R3 ) • C3 (EQ. 19) 1 F P2 = ---------------------------------2π • R3 • C3 (EQ. 20) GAIN (dB) 60 40 20 20LOG (R2/R1) 20LOG (VIN/DVOSC) 0 COMPENSATION GAIN MODULATOR GAIN -20 LOOP GAIN -40 -60 FLC 10 100 1k FESR 10k 100k 1M 10M FREQUENCY (Hz) FIGURE 32. ASYMPTOTIC BODE PLOT OF CONVERTER GAIN The compensation gain uses external impedance networks ZFB and ZIN to provide a stable, high bandwidth (BW) overall loop. A stable control loop has a gain crossing with -20dB/decade slope and a phase margin greater than 45°. Include worst case component variations when determining phase margin. Component Selection Guidelines OUTPUT CAPACITOR SELECTION 1. Pick Gain (R2/R1) for desired converter bandwidth 2. Place 1ST Zero Below Filter’s Double Pole (~75% FLC) 3. Place 2ND Zero at Filter’s Double Pole 4. Place 1ST Pole at the ESR Zero 5. Place 2ND Pole at Half the Switching Frequency 6. Check Gain against Error Amplifier’s Open-Loop Gain 7. Estimate Phase Margin - Repeat if Necessary Figure 32 shows an asymptotic plot of the DC/DC converter’s gain vs frequency. The actual Modulator Gain has a high gain peak due to the high Q factor of the output filter and is not shown in Figure 32. Using the previously mentioned guidelines should give a compensation gain similar to the curve plotted. The open loop error amplifier gain bounds the compensation gain. Check the compensation gain at FP2 with the capabilities of the error amplifier. The Loop Gain is constructed on the log-log graph of Figure 32 by adding the Modulator Gain (in dB) to the Compensation Gain (in dB). This is equivalent to multiplying the modulator transfer function to the compensation transfer function and plotting the gain. 20 The output capacitors should be selected to meet the dynamic regulation requirements including ripple voltage and load transients. Selection of output capacitors is also dependent on the output inductor, thus some inductor analysis is required to select the output capacitors. One of the parameters limiting the converter’s response to a load transient is the time required for the inductor current to slew to its new level. The response time is the time interval required to slew the inductor current from an initial current value to the load current level. During this interval the difference between the inductor current and the transient current level must be supplied by the output capacitor(s). Minimizing the response time can minimize the output capacitance required. Also, if the load transient rise time is slower than the inductor response time, as in a hard drive or CD drive, it reduces the requirement on the output capacitor. The maximum capacitor value required to provide the full, rising step, transient load current during the response time of the inductor is shown in Equation 21: 2 ( L O ) ( I TRAN ) C OUT = ----------------------------------------------------------2 ( V IN – V O ) ( DV OUT ) (EQ. 21) where COUT is the output capacitor(s) required, LO is the output inductor, ITRAN is the transient load current step, VIN is the input voltage, VO is output voltage, and DVOUT is the drop in output voltage allowed during the load transient. FN8272.1 September 23, 2013 ISL8115 High frequency capacitors initially supply the transient current and slow the load rate-of-change seen by the bulk capacitors. The bulk filter capacitor values are generally determined by the ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance) and voltage rating requirements as well as actual capacitance requirements. The output voltage ripple is due to the inductor ripple current and the ESR of the output capacitors as defined by Equation 22: V RIPPLE = ΔI L ( ESR ) (EQ. 22) High frequency decoupling capacitors should be placed as close to the power pins of the load as physically possible. Be careful not to add inductance in the circuit board wiring that could cancel the usefulness of these low inductance components. Consult with the manufacturer of the load circuitry for specific decoupling requirements. Use only specialized low-ESR capacitors intended for switching-regulator applications for the bulk capacitors. In most cases, multiple small-case electrolytic capacitors perform better than a single large-case capacitor. MOSFET SELECTION The logic level MOSFETs are chosen for optimum efficiency given the potentially wide input voltage range and output power requirements, two N-Channel MOSFETs for the Buck converter. These MOSFETs should be selected based upon rDS(ON), gate supply requirements, and thermal management considerations. Compared with other components, MOSFETs contribute significant power loss to the converter. Power loss of high side FET includes switching losses, conduction losses and gate charge losses. Low side FET contributes conduction losses and gate charge losses too, also reverse recovery loss and loss of the body diode during dead time should be considered. Power loss of high side MOSFET can be expressed as: 2 ⎛ 2 ΔI L ⎞ P H = ⎜ I o + -----------⎟ ⋅ D ⋅ R DS ( on ) + V IN I t sw F sw + V IN Q H F sw (EQ. 25) o 12 ⎠ ⎝ where tswis switching interval includes on and off intervals. QH is gate charge of the high side MOSFET. OUTPUT INDUCTOR SELECTION Power loss of low side MOSFET derived as: The output inductor is selected to meet the output voltage ripple requirements and minimize the converter’s response time to the load transient. The inductor value determines the converter’s ripple current and the ripple voltage is a function of the ripple current and output capacitor(s) ESR. The ripple current is approximated by Equation 23: ⎛ 2 ΔI L ⎞ P L = ⎜ I o + -----------⎟ ⋅ ( 1 – D ) ⋅ R DS ( on ) + V IN Q rr F sw + V IN Q L F sw 12 ⎠ ⎝ (EQ. 26) ( V IN – V OUT ) ( V OUT ) ΔI L = ---------------------------------------------------------( f S ) ( L O ) ( V IN ) (EQ. 23) Increasing the value of inductance reduces the ripple current and voltage. However, the large inductance values reduce the converter’s response time to a load transient. Also, it always means more expensive and large size. INPUT CAPACITOR SELECTION The important parameters for the bulk input capacitor(s) are the voltage rating and the RMS current rating. For reliable operation, select bulk input capacitors with voltage and current ratings above the maximum input voltage and largest RMS current required by the circuit. The capacitor voltage rating should be at least 1.25x greater than the maximum input voltage and 1.5x is a conservative guideline. The AC RMS Input current varies with the load. The total RMS current supplied by the input capacitance is given by Equation 24: 2 I RMSx = ΔI L 2 2 I O ( D – D ) + ------------ D 12 (EQ. 24) 2 where Qrr is the total reverse recovery charge. QL is gate charge of the low side MOSFET. Layout Considerations As in any high frequency switching converter, layout is very important. Switching current from one power device to another can generate voltage transients across the impedances of the interconnecting bond wires and circuit traces. These interconnecting impedances should be minimized by using wide, short printed circuit traces. The critical components should be located as close together as possible using ground plane construction or single point grounding. Figure 33 shows the critical power components of the buck converter. To minimize the voltage overshoot the interconnecting wires indicated by heavy lines should be part of ground or power plane in a printed circuit board. The components shown in Figure 33 should be located as close together as possible. Please note that the capacitors CIN and CO each represent numerous physical capacitors. Locate the ISL8115 within 3 inches of the MOSFETs, Q1 and Q2. The circuit traces for the MOSFETs’ gate and source connections from the ISL8115 must be sized to handle up to 4A peak current. where, D is duty cycle of the buck converter. Use a mix of input bypass capacitors to control the voltage ripple across the MOSFETs. Use ceramic capacitors for the high frequency decoupling and bulk capacitors to supply the RMS current. Small ceramic capacitors can be placed very close to the upper MOSFET to suppress the voltage induced in the parasitic circuit impedances. 21 FN8272.1 September 23, 2013 ISL8115 General PowerPAD Design Considerations VIN Figure 35 is an example of how to use vias to remove heat from the IC. ISL8115 Q1 LO VOUT CIN Q2 LGATE LOAD UGATE PHASE CO GND FIGURE 35. PCB VIA PATTERN RETURN FIGURE 33. CRITICAL POWER TRAIN LOOP Figure 34 shows the current sensing loop of the ISL8115 which is a sensitive analog loop needs “quiet and clean environment”. To minimize the coupling from switching nodes, using differential pair as the sensing route. R should be located close to the inductor; C and RISEN should be close to the IC. RISEN Connect all vias to the ground plane. It is important the vias have a low thermal resistance for efficient heat transfer. It is important to have a complete connection of the plated through-hole to each plane. DIFFERENTIAL PAIR ISENA ISENB C We recommend you fill the thermal pad area with vias. A typical via array would be to fill the thermal pad footprint with space, such that they are center on center 3x the radius apart from each other. Keep the Vias small but not so small that their inside diameter prevents solder wicking through the holes during reflow. R Vout PHASE Lo Co ISL8115 FIGURE 34. CURRENT SENSING LOOP 22 FN8272.1 September 23, 2013 ISL8115 Revision History The revision history provided is for informational purposes only and is believed to be accurate, but not warranted. Please go to web to make sure you have the latest revision. DATE REVISION September 23, 2013 FN8272.1 CHANGE Initial Release. About Intersil Intersil Corporation is a leader in the design and manufacture of high-performance analog, mixed-signal and power management semiconductors. The company's products address some of the largest markets within the industrial and infrastructure, personal computing and high-end consumer markets. For more information about Intersil, visit our website at www.intersil.com. For the most updated datasheet, application notes, related documentation and related parts, please see the respective product information page found at www.intersil.com. You may report errors or suggestions for improving this datasheet by visiting www.intersil.com/en/support/ask-an-expert.html. Reliability reports are also available from our website at http://www.intersil.com/en/support/qualandreliability.html#reliability For additional products, see www.intersil.com/en/products.html Intersil products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9000 quality systems as noted in the quality certifications found at www.intersil.com/en/support/qualandreliability.html Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design, software and/or specifications at any time without notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries. For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see www.intersil.com 23 FN8272.1 September 23, 2013 ISL8115 Package Outline Drawing L24.4X4F 24 LEAD THIN QUAD FLAT NO-LEAD PLASTIC PACKAGE Rev 2, 1/11 2.50 4.00 20X 0.50 A B 19 6 PIN 1 INDEX AREA 18 4.00 (4X) 24 1 EXP. DAP 2.50 ±0.05 SQ. 2.50 6 13 0.15 0.10 M C A B TOP VIEW 12 4 24X 0.250 ±0.050 6 PIN #1 INDEX AREA 7 0.25 MIN (4 SIDES) 24X 0.400 ±0.10 BOTTOM VIEW SEE DETAIL "X" ( 3.80 ) ( 2.50) 0.10 C 0.75 ±0.05 C SEATING PLANE 0.08 C SIDE VIEW ( 20X 0.50) ( 3.80 ) ( 2.50 ) (24X 0.25) C 0 . 2 REF 5 0 . 00 MIN. 0 . 05 MAX. ( 24 X 0.60) TYPICAL RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN DETAIL "X" NOTES: 1. Dimensions are in millimeters. Dimensions in ( ) for Reference Only. 2. Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to ASME Y14.5m-1994. 3. Unless otherwise specified, tolerance : Decimal ± 0.05 4. Dimension applies to the metallized terminal and is measured between 0.15mm and 0.30mm from the terminal tip. 5. Tiebar shown (if present) is a non-functional feature. 6. The configuration of the pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be located within the zone indicated. The pin #1 identifier may be 7. Compliant to JEDEC MO-220 VGGD-8. either a mold or mark feature. 24 FN8272.1 September 23, 2013